NL8801556A - Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van op natuurlijk zeemleer gelijkend kunstmatig zeemleer. - Google Patents

Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van op natuurlijk zeemleer gelijkend kunstmatig zeemleer. Download PDF

Info

Publication number: NL8801556A
Authority: NL; Netherlands
Prior art keywords: layer; matrix; weight; dyeing; solution
Prior art date: 1987-06-19

Application number

NL8801556A

Other languages

English (en)

Dutch (nl)

Original Assignee

Lorica Spa

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1987-06-19

Filing date

1988-06-17

Publication date

1989-01-16

1988-06-17 Application filed by Lorica Spa filed Critical Lorica Spa

1989-01-16 Publication of NL8801556A publication Critical patent/NL8801556A/nl

Links

239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
241001481789 Rupicapra Species 0.000 claims description 21
239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 19
238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 13
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 10
239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 10
QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 claims description 4
239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
229910006127 SO3X Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 claims description 2
125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
-1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims 1
229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 21
239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 5
KMGARVOVYXNAOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzpiperylone Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCC1N1C(=O)C(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N1 KMGARVOVYXNAOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 5
238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
241001061264 Astragalus Species 0.000 description 3
238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 3
230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical class N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 2
239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 description 2
239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
241000283153 Cetacea Species 0.000 description 1
102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
241000283068 Tapiridae Species 0.000 description 1
210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229920013747 hydroxypolyethylene Chemical group 0.000 description 1
239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000000434 metal complex dye Substances 0.000 description 1
230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
- D06N3/0065—Organic pigments, e.g. dyes, brighteners
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
- D06N3/0059—Organic ingredients with special effects, e.g. oil- or water-repellent, antimicrobial, flame-resistant, magnetic, bactericidal, odour-influencing agents; perfumes
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
- D06N3/0061—Organic fillers or organic fibrous fillers, e.g. ground leather waste, wood bark, cork powder, vegetable flour; Other organic compounding ingredients; Post-treatment with organic compounds
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/007—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by mechanical or physical treatments
- D06N3/0072—Slicing; Manufacturing two webs at one time

Landscapes

Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Textile Engineering (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Coloring (AREA)

NL8801556A 1987-06-19 1988-06-17 Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van op natuurlijk zeemleer gelijkend kunstmatig zeemleer. NL8801556A (nl)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
IT6753487		1987-06-19
IT8767534A IT1211465B (it)	1987-06-19	1987-06-19	Procedimento per ottenere un pellame scamosciato sintetico simile a quello naturale

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
NL8801556A true NL8801556A (nl)	1989-01-16

Family

ID=11303222

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
NL8801556A NL8801556A (nl)	1987-06-19	1988-06-17	Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van op natuurlijk zeemleer gelijkend kunstmatig zeemleer.

Country Status (14)

Country	Link
US (1)	US4941886A (de)
JP (1)	JPS6485378A (de)
AT (1)	AT395870B (de)
BE (1)	BE1003224A4 (de)
CH (1)	CH674225A5 (de)
DE (1)	DE3820296A1 (de)
ES (1)	ES2007237A6 (de)
FR (1)	FR2616815B1 (de)
GB (1)	GB2206363B (de)
GR (1)	GR1000255B (de)
IT (1)	IT1211465B (de)
LU (1)	LU87247A1 (de)
NL (1)	NL8801556A (de)
SE (1)	SE501654C2 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
ES2049014T3 (es) *	1989-12-11	1994-04-01	Ciba Geigy Ag	Procedimiento de tintura del cuero.
IT1259564B (it) *	1992-04-28	1996-03-20	Lorica Spa	Procedimento per la tintura rapida di un prodotto in foglio realizzato in un materiale sintetico composito ad imitazione della pelle naturale
WO2002016142A1 (en) *	2000-08-21	2002-02-28	Investment Marketing Consortium Pty Ltd	Printing process for absorbent substrate
DE102005014317A1 (de) *	2005-03-30	2006-10-05	Carl Freudenberg Kg	Synthetisches Leder, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung
DE102010000633A1 (de) *	2010-03-04	2011-09-08	Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft	Biegeschlaffes Flächengebilde sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung
IT201700008269A1 (it) *	2017-01-26	2018-07-26	Alcantara Spa	Materiale composito multistrato microfibroso per applicazioni nell’automotive
CN115369655A (zh) *	2022-07-27	2022-11-22	海宁市饰雅纺织有限公司	一种仿麂皮油蜡革生产工艺

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
NL296361A (de) *	1962-08-13	1900-01-01
US3906131A (en) *	1964-12-31	1975-09-16	Freudenberg Carl Fa	Chamois leather-like material having improved water absorbency and abrasion resistance
US3616023A (en) *	1967-11-04	1971-10-26	Kurashiki Rayon Co	Process for manufacturing suedelike sheet material
JPS5146801B2 (de) *	1973-02-07	1976-12-11
US3876491A (en) *	1973-02-08	1975-04-08	Textron Inc	Synthetic suede
JPS49108172A (de) *	1973-02-17	1974-10-15
JPS5616235B2 (de) *	1974-12-24	1981-04-15
JPS604306B2 (ja) *	1981-07-17	1985-02-02	東レ株式会社	難燃性人工スエ−ド状構造物
JPS59125979A (ja) *	1983-01-10	1984-07-20	東レ株式会社	ポリウレタン含有繊維シ−トの処理方法
JPS59150133A (ja) *	1983-02-10	1984-08-28	東レ株式会社	皮革状ヤ−ン
JPS59173379A (ja) *	1983-03-22	1984-10-01	東レ株式会社	新構造シ−ト物
JPS61201083A (ja) *	1985-02-28	1986-09-05	Kanebo Ltd	ベロア調人工皮革の製造法

1987
- 1987-06-19 IT IT8767534A patent/IT1211465B/it active
1988
- 1988-06-14 SE SE8802231A patent/SE501654C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-15 DE DE3820296A patent/DE3820296A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-06-16 CH CH2325/88A patent/CH674225A5/it not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-16 US US07/208,059 patent/US4941886A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-06-17 NL NL8801556A patent/NL8801556A/nl unknown
- 1988-06-17 AT AT0157788A patent/AT395870B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-17 BE BE8800699A patent/BE1003224A4/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-17 GR GR880100388A patent/GR1000255B/el unknown
- 1988-06-17 ES ES8801904A patent/ES2007237A6/es not_active Expired
- 1988-06-17 FR FR888808173A patent/FR2616815B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-06-17 LU LU87247A patent/LU87247A1/fr unknown
- 1988-06-17 GB GB8814483A patent/GB2206363B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-06-20 JP JP63153368A patent/JPS6485378A/ja active Pending

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
GR880100388A (en)	1989-03-08
GB2206363B (en)	1991-04-24
GR1000255B (el)	1992-05-12
GB2206363A (en)	1989-01-05
JPS6485378A (en)	1989-03-30
LU87247A1 (fr)	1988-12-13
IT8767534A0 (it)	1987-06-19
FR2616815B1 (fr)	1992-01-24
BE1003224A4 (fr)	1992-02-04
CH674225A5 (de)	1990-05-15
SE8802231D0 (sv)	1988-06-14
DE3820296A1 (de)	1988-12-29
SE501654C2 (sv)	1995-04-10
AT395870B (de)	1993-03-25
FR2616815A1 (fr)	1988-12-23
ES2007237A6 (es)	1989-06-01
SE8802231L (sv)	1988-12-20
ATA157788A (de)	1992-08-15
GB8814483D0 (en)	1988-07-20
US4941886A (en)	1990-07-17
IT1211465B (it)	1989-11-03

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US4156750A (en)	1979-05-29	Method for fabricating covering materials from leather for the upholstery and cushions of furniture and covering materials produced by said method
KR101261507B1 (ko)	2013-05-13	연속식 고밀도 수축 시스템 및 이를 포함하는 무 우레탄 고밀도 편물의 제조 방법
US4863479A (en)	1989-09-05	Process for obtaining synthetic hides similar to natural hides by a chemical treatment of synthetic sheet material
CA1038184A (en)	1978-09-12	Method for fabricating convering materials from leather for the upholstery and cushions of furniture and covering materials produced by said method
DE1769455A1 (de)	1971-10-21	Verfahren und Produkt fuer die Behandlung und Faerbung der Schnittflaechen von Lederartikeln oder aehnlichen Traegern
US182368A (en)	1876-09-19	Improvement in processes for finjshing buckskins
Mierzinski	1914	The waterproofing of fabrics
Lehmann	1917	The leather goods department
KR0144041B1 (ko)	1998-07-01	스웨드조 부직포 인공피혁의 염색방법
JPS6075680A (ja)	1985-04-30	銀面層を有する皮革様シ−ト状物の製造法
Lehmann	1922	Leather goods and gloves
KR100466049B1 (ko)	2005-12-29	스웨드조 부직포 인공피혁의 염색방법
KR20030037756A (ko)	2003-05-16	그레인 타입 인공 피혁 및 초극세사 부직 수에드를 이용한그제조방법
Gupta	1996	Applicability of Batik Technique on Leather
Sasikala et al.	2007	Processing of Leather for Garments-An Overview.