US5534441A - Optically measuring an immunologically active material by degree of agglutination of an antigen-antibody reaction product - Google Patents

Optically measuring an immunologically active material by degree of agglutination of an antigen-antibody reaction product Download PDF

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US5534441A
US5534441A US08/372,870 US37287095A US5534441A US 5534441 A US5534441 A US 5534441A US 37287095 A US37287095 A US 37287095A US 5534441 A US5534441 A US 5534441A
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fine particles
measuring
cell
immunologically active
stirring
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Takeshi Miyazaki
Kazumi Tanaka
Masanori Sakuranaga
Tadashi Okamoto
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Priority claimed from JP21488889A external-priority patent/JP2813894B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP18679690A external-priority patent/JPH0472569A/ja
Priority claimed from JP18567590A external-priority patent/JPH0472567A/ja
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
    • G01N35/00722—Communications; Identification
    • G01N35/00732—Identification of carriers, materials or components in automatic analysers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/82—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a precipitate or turbidity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54313—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00465—Separating and mixing arrangements
    • G01N2035/00524—Mixing by agitating sample carrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00465—Separating and mixing arrangements
    • G01N2035/00534—Mixing by a special element, e.g. stirrer
    • G01N2035/00554—Mixing by a special element, e.g. stirrer using ultrasound
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00465—Separating and mixing arrangements
    • G01N2035/00564—Handling or washing solid phase elements, e.g. beads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
    • G01N35/00722—Communications; Identification
    • G01N35/00732—Identification of carriers, materials or components in automatic analysers
    • G01N2035/00742—Type of codes
    • G01N2035/00752—Type of codes bar codes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N2035/1027—General features of the devices
    • G01N2035/1032—Dilution or aliquotting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10S436/805—Optical property
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10S436/811—Test for named disease, body condition or organ function
    • Y10S436/813—Cancer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10S436/811—Test for named disease, body condition or organ function
    • Y10S436/814—Pregnancy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring an immunologically active material such as antigen or antibody contained in a specimen using dehydrated solid fine particles (hereinafter referred to as "dry solid fine particles"). Particularly, the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for optically measuring said immunologically active material using dry solid fine particles having an immunologically active material immobilized on their surfaces and optically measuring the degree of agglutination of a product produced as a result of antigen-antibody reaction.
  • dry solid fine particles dehydrated solid fine particles
  • LAIA method A latex agglutination immunoassay method (LAIA method) was developed by J. M. Singer et al. (see, Am. J. Med., 21888 (1956)).
  • LAIA method a dispersion (latex reagent) is obtained by dispensing an immunologically active material such as antibody disposed on fine particles of polystyrene in a liquid medium such as water with a material having a selective reactivity (such as antibody) to said immunologically active material producing an agglutinated body.
  • the agglutinated state is observed visually, thereby noting the presence of the material to be observed. Since then, various studies have been made in connection with this method.
  • quantitative determination is difficult, said method of recognizing the presence of an objective material by observing the agglutinated state of such agglutinated body visually has been widely used, since the method is simple and provides a rapid result.
  • A. Fature et al. proposed a method of optically observing a change in the turbidity caused by agglutination reaction and performing quantitative determination of an objective material based on the dynamic analysis (see, Protides Biol. Fluids, Proc. Colloq., 2589 (1972)).
  • This method is, however, problematic in that the values obtained will vary considerably because of the instability of a latex reagent used and because the method is not sufficiently sensitive.
  • the latex reagent used consists of solid fine particles dispersed in a liquid dispersing medium and which is substantially unstable.
  • the latex reagent presents problems in that it is likely to agglutinate and/or be reduced in its sensitivity upon storage over a long period of time. Moreover, since the dispersed state thereof will be destroyed upon cryopreservation, precautions should be taken regarding its storage in order to prevent occurrence of these problems.
  • the present invention has an objective to eliminate the foregoing problems in the prior art and to provide an improved immunological measuring method which excels in the reproducibility of a measured value and makes it possible to quantitatively measure an immunologically active material contained in a specimen with a high degree of accuracy.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved immunological measuring method which makes it possible to quantitatively measure an immunologically active material such as antigen, antibody, etc. contained in a specimen with an improved accuracy by utilizing the antigen-antibody reaction wherein a specific dehydrated immune reagent is used.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved immunological measuring method which makes it possible to quantitatively measure an immunologically active material such as antigen, antibody, etc. contained in a specimen with an improved accuracy wherein a specific dehydrated immune reagent is used and the dispersion of fine particles of said reagent is prepared by stirring and by subjecting said fine particles to redispersion in a dispersing medium. This dispersion is properly controlled by optically monitoring the dispersed state of said fine particles, thereby effecting appropriate agglutination reaction, and providing marked improvements in reproducibility and reliability of data obtained.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved immunological measuring method which makes it possible to rapidly and quantitatively measure an immunologically active material such as antigen, antibody, etc. contained in a specimen with improved accuracy.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus suitable for practicing the foregoing immunological measuring method.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of the constitution of a representative apparatus suitable for practicing the immunological measuring method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view of the constitution of another representative apparatus suitable for practicing the immunological measuring method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing changes in the permeability in respective steps of the immunological measuring method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of the immunological measuring method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a second embodiment of the immunological measuring method according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 6 to 8 are views respectively showing the interrelation between the stirring period and the ratio A/Ao obtained in the experiments with respect to the first embodiment of the immunological measuring method according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 9 to 11 are views respectively showing the interrelation between the stirring period and the ratio A/Ao obtained in the experiments with respect to the second embodiment of the immunological measuring method according to the present invention.
  • the present inventors have discovered that the reason for changes in the measured values in the known measuring method is not due solely to unevenness of the dispersed state of a redispersed body. It is also due to reduction in the measuring sensitivity caused by the destruction of the connection between an immunologically active material and the solid fine particles because of continuous stirring over a long period of time or excessively strong stirring during redispersion.
  • the present inventors have made further experimental studies of redispersing a dehydrated reagent in a dispersing medium. Stirring is performed while optically observing the dispersed state of the resulting redispersed body. The present inventors have discovered that when the successive step is performed upon providing a desirable dispersed state for the redispersed body, the situation becomes such that allows stable quantitative measurement of an objective material with greatly improved measuring sensitivity.
  • the present invention has been accomplished based on the above findings and provides an improved method for immunologically measuring an immunologically active material (hereinafter referred to as “improved immunological measuring method") and an apparatus suitable for practicing said method (hereinafter referred to as “immunological measuring apparatus").
  • improved immunological measuring method an improved method for immunologically measuring an immunologically active material
  • immunological measuring apparatus an apparatus suitable for practicing said method
  • the first embodiment of the immunological measuring method of the present invention is directed to a method for measuring an immunologically active material by physically or chemically connecting a material immunologically active to a material to be measured contained in a specimen to solid fine particles, reacting said immunologically active material connected to said solid fine particles with said specimen in a liquid medium to produce an agglutinated reaction mixture and optically measuring said agglutinated reaction mixture, characterized by including the steps of:
  • step (iii) relating the dispersed state of said dry reagent fine particles in said dispersing medium on the basis of the optically measured results obtained in step (ii) and terminating the stirring of step (ii) when said dispersed state reaches a predetermined dispersed state
  • the second embodiment of the immunological measuring method of the present invention is directed to a method for measuring an immunologically active material by physically or chemically connecting a material immunologically active material to a material to be measured contained in a specimen to solid fine particles, reacting said immunologically active material connected to said solid fine particles with said specimen in a liquid medium to produce a reaction mixture in an agglutinated state and optically measuring said agglutinated state of the reaction mixture, characterized by including the steps of:
  • step (iii) relating the dispersed state of said dry reagent fine particles in said dispersing medium on the basis of the optically measured results obtained in step (ii) and terminating the stirring of step (ii) when said dispersed state reaches a predetermined dispersed state
  • the main feature of the immunological measuring method including the foregoing two embodiments according to the present invention lies in using a specific dehydrated immune reagent comprising dehydrated solid fine particles having a material, which is immunologically active to a material to be measured, contained in a specimen, being immobilized onto the surfaces of said solid fine particles.
  • the stirring is properly controlled so that a desirable dispersed body is provided within a short period without causing reduction in the sensitivity of the immune reagent.
  • the stirring time depends upon optical data obtained by optically measuring the dispersed state of the resulting dispersed body.
  • the immunological measuring method according to the present invention excels in the reproducibility of a reliable measured value and makes it possible to quantitatively measure an immunologically active material such as antigen, antibody, etc. contained in a specimen with an improved accuracy within a short period of time.
  • the immunological measuring method of the present invention is advantageous in that the quality and the sensitivity of the foregoing dispersed body is stably maintained during the quantitative measuring process.
  • This is due to the use of the foregoing specific immune reagent comprising dehydrated solid particles having a material, which is immunologically active to a material to be measured contained in a specimen, being immobilized onto the surfaces of said solid fine particles, and does not cause such natural agglutination with time as will be caused in the case of an immune reagent dispersed in water as in the prior art. It does not require any particular precaution regarding storage (in the case of a known immune reagent, it cannot be freeze-dried and a particular precaution is required for its storage), as it is stably maintained even upon storage over a long period of time.
  • the immunological measuring method including the foregoing first and second embodiments according to the present invention may be properly practiced by using an appropriate apparatus.
  • An apparatus for measuring an immunologically active material by physically or chemically immobilizing an immunologically active material to a material to be measured, contained in a specimen to solid fine particles, reacting said immunologically active material immobilized onto said solid fine particles with said specimen in a liquid medium to produce a reaction mixture in an agglutinated state in a measuring cell and optically measuring the agglutinated state of said reaction mixture in said measuring cell
  • said apparatus comprises: means for supporting said measuring cell containing said solid fine particles, means for injecting a dispersing medium into the measuring cell, means for injecting a specimen into the measuring cell, a first stirring means for stirring the contents in the measuring cell, a second stirring means for stirring the contents in the measuring cell, a measuring system for optically measuring the degree of agglutination of the contents in the measuring cell, and a control system of determining continuation or termination of the stirring based on optical data obtained about the state of dispersion of the stirred contents in the measuring cell.
  • An apparatus for measuring an immunologically active material by physically or chemically immobilizing an immunologically active material to a material to be measured, contained in a specimen to solid fine particles, reacting said immunologically active material immobilized onto said solid fine particles with said specimen in a liquid medium to produce a reaction mixture in an agglutinated state in a measuring cell and optically measuring the agglutinated state of said reaction mixture in said measuring cell
  • said apparatus comprises: means for supporting said measuring cell containing said solid fine particles, means for injecting a dispersing medium into the measuring cell, means for injecting a specimen into the measuring cell, a stirring means for stirring the contents in the measuring cell, a mechanism for changing the stirring competence of said stirring means, a measuring system for optically measuring the degree of the agglutinated state of the contents in the measuring cell, and a control system of determining continuation or termination of the stirring based on optical data obtained about the state of dispersion of the stirred contents in said measuring cell.
  • An apparatus for measuring an immunologically active material by physically or chemically immobilizing an immunologically active material to a material to be measured, contained in a specimen to solid fine particles, reacting said immunologically active material immobilized onto said solid fine particles with said specimen in a liquid medium to cause a reaction mixture in an agglutinated state in a reaction cell and optically measuring said agglutinated state of the reaction mixture
  • said apparatus comprises: means for supporting said reaction cell containing said solid fine particles, means for injecting a dispersing medium into the reaction cell, means for injecting said specimen into the reaction cell, a first stirring means for stirring the contents in the reaction cell, a second stirring means for stirring the contents in the reaction cell, a measuring system for optically measuring the degree of the dispersed state of the stirred solid fine particles in said dispersing medium in the reaction cell, a control system of determining continuation or termination of the stirring based on optical data obtained about said state of dispersion of the solid fine particles, a measuring cell for measuring the reaction mixture being supported by
  • solid fine particles originated in a living thing (hereinafter referred to as “bacteria solid fine particles”), solid fine particles of an inorganic material (hereinafter referred to as “inorganic solid fine particles”), and solid fine particles of an organic material (hereinafter referred to as “organic solid fine particles”).
  • bacteria solid fine particles solid fine particles originated in a living thing
  • inorganic solid fine particles solid fine particles of an inorganic material
  • organic solid fine particles solid fine particles of an organic material
  • bacteria solid fine particles are solid fine particles of fungus body of bacteria such a staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc. which was applied with red cell dispersion treatment.
  • inorganic solid fine particles are solid fine particles of silica, alumina, bentonite, etc.
  • organic solid fine particles are solid fine particles of a single-polymer of a vinyl monomer such as styrene, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester, etc.; solid fine particles of copolymers of said monomers; and solid fine particles of butadienic copolymers such as methyl methacrylate-butadiene copolymer.
  • the immobilization of an immunologically active material onto these solid fine particles is performed through physical or chemical connection.
  • the solid fine particles In the case of immobilizing the immunologically active material through physical connection onto the solid fine particles, it is desirable that the solid fine particles have hydrophobic surfaces.
  • solid fine particles of polymer comprising styrene monomer, solid fine particles of vinylic copolymer containing styrene as the main constituent, and solid fine particles of styrene-butadiene copolymer containing styrene as the main constituent are the most desirable.
  • the particle size in terms of a mean value with respect to each of the foregoing bacteria solid fine particles, inorganic solid fine particles and organic solid fine particles it is desired to be preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of from 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the mean particle size is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, it is difficult for the dehydrated reagent to be dispersed in a desirable state in a dispersing medium.
  • the mean particle size is exceeding 5 ⁇ m, the stability of the resulting dispersed body will be poor.
  • the immunologically active material to be physically or chemically immobilized onto the surfaces of the foregoing solid fine particles, a material which causes antigen-antibody reaction with a material to be measured, contained in a specimen is selectively used.
  • immune globulins such as IgG, IgM, IgE, etc.
  • plasma proteins and antibodies thereof such as complement, CRP, ferritin, ⁇ 1 -microglobulin, ⁇ 2 -microglobulin, etc.
  • neoplasma markers and antibodies thereof such as ⁇ -fetoprotein, carcino-embryonic antigen (EA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), CA-19-9, CA-125, etc.
  • hormones and antibodies thereof such as luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estrogen, insulin, etc.
  • virus infection-related materials and antibodies, thereof such as HBV-related antigens (HBs, HBe, HBc), HIV, ATL, etc.
  • bacteria and antibodies thereof such as diphtheroid, botulinus bacillus, mycoplasma, treponema pallidum, etc.
  • hCG antibody hCG antibody
  • CRP antibody ⁇ 2 -microglobulin antibody
  • ⁇ -fetoprotein immunologically active materials
  • the immobilization of any of these immunologically active materials onto the foregoing solid fine particles can be performed by a conventional physically connecting method and/or a conventional chemically connecting method as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 53(7978)-52620 or Japanese Patent Publication (53(1978)-12966.
  • a buffer solution such as a phosphate buffer solution, an inactive protein such as bovine serum albumin, or a surface active agent to the reaction system.
  • a buffer solution such as a phosphate buffer solution, an inactive protein such as bovine serum albumin, or a surface active agent.
  • the pH value of the reaction system it is desired that it be adjusted preferably at a value of 6 to 10, more preferably at a value of 7 to 9.
  • the content of the solid fine particles in the reaction system it is desirable that it be adjusted preferably in the range of 0.01 to 2.0% by weight.
  • one of the following two methods (i) or (ii) is employed. That is, (i) a method of chemically reacting the immunologically active material with the surfaces of the solid fine particles through polyamide compound having amino group, carboxyl group or oxirane group being oriented, polyimide compound, polyaldehyde compound or polyoxirane compound, and (ii) a method of chemically reacting the immunologically active material with aldehyde groups or oxirane groups oriented at the surfaces of the solid fine particles.
  • the foregoing dehydrated immune reagent to be used in the present invention can be obtained by removing the dispersing medium used in the dispersion of the solid fine particles having the immunologically active material thereon.
  • the removal of the dispersing medium is preferably carried out at 60° C. or less, more preferably at 30° C. or less in view of desirably maintaining the activity of the immunologically active material.
  • removal of said dispersing medium is performed by way of a freeze-drying method. In this case, the sensitivity of the reagent may be stably maintained.
  • a dispersed body comprising the solid fine particles having the immunologically active material thereon dispersed in a dispersing medium is introduced into such cell, followed by the foregoing freeze-drying to thereby remove the dispersing medium.
  • said dispersed body is freeze-dried to remove the dispersing medium therefrom and the resulting dehydrated immune reagent is introduced into such cell.
  • a conventional sample cell made of a transparent glass such as quartz glass or a transparent plastic such as polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate or polysulfone can be used.
  • the dispersing medium to be used for dispersing the dehydrated immune reagent in the measuring cell or the reaction cell in the present invention, the following can be mentioned, for example, water and a mixed solvent comprising water and an organic solvent compatible with water such as alcohols, ketones, etc.
  • the dispersing medium may contain a proper pH buffering agent, protein, surface active agent, water-soluble high molecular compound, etc. where necessary.
  • a pH buffering agent to the reaction system, thereby maintaining the pH value of the reaction system constantly at a predetermined pH value.
  • a phosphate buffering agent Tris-HCl buffering agent, etc.
  • protein bovine serum albumin, gelatine, etc. can be used.
  • a proper dispersing auxiliary such as surface active agent, or water soluble high-molecular compound to the reaction system.
  • a nonionic surface active agent can be used such as TWEEN 20, anionic surface active agent, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, etc.
  • TWEEN 20 anionic surface active agent
  • anionic surface active agent polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, etc.
  • the dehydrated immune reagent is properly diluted by the foregoing dispersing medium depending upon the kind of a material to be measured. That is, regarding the solid content of the reaction system, it should be properly determined depending upon the kind of material to be measured and also depending upon the kind and size of a measuring cell or a reaction cell to be used. However, in general, it is adjusted to be preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 2% by weight.
  • the dispersion of the dehydrated reagent into the dispersing medium can be performed, for example, by a method of injecting a predetermined amount of the dispersing medium into a measuring cell or a reaction cell containing the dehydrated immune reagent, and stirring the contents in said measuring cell or reaction cell by a stirring means or shaking the measuring cell or reaction cell by a shaking means.
  • a most desirably dispersed body is obtained.
  • the ultrasonic wave to be employed in this case it should be selected depending upon the kind and the size of a measuring cell or a reaction cell to be used. However, in general, an ultrasonic wave in the range of 15 to 50 Hz in terms of oscillation frequency is used.
  • the degree of dispersion of the dehydrated immune reagent in the dispersing medium in the dispersing step of the immunological measuring method according to the present invention is determined by an optical measuring means.
  • the methods of measuring the intensity of light transmitted, of measuring the intensity of light scattered, and of measuring the intensity of light transmitted and scattered in combination can also be determined by an optical measuring means.
  • hCG antibody (rabbit) (product by Bio Makor Co., Inc.) was added to 60 ml of 1% suspension of polystyrene latex having a particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m (product by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) and thoroughly mixed to obtain a mixture.
  • the mixture was subjected to sensitization at 40° C. for 2 hours.
  • the resultant sensitized latex was subjected to centrifugal washing.
  • a mixture having a pH of 7.2 composed of phosphate buffering solution and physiological salt solution with 1% by weight of bovine serum albumin and 3% by weight of sucrose were added to obtain a hCG sensitized latex suspension having 1% solid content.
  • a part of the resultant latex suspension was diluted with a mixture having a pH of 7.2 composed of phosphate buffering solution and physiological salt solution (hereinafter referred to as "PBS") to obtain a test sample of 0.2% by weight in solid content.
  • PBS physiological salt solution
  • This test sample was injected into an optical cell made of quartz glass (light pass length: 2 mm).
  • a value of the foregoing Ao was obtained in accordance with the foregoing method.
  • the value of the foregoing Ao was 1.27 (measured wavelength ⁇ : 633 nm).
  • the remaining hCG sensitized latex suspension was subjected to freeze-drying under reduced pressure in liquid nitrogen to thereby obtain a dry reagent comprising dehydrated reagent fine particles.
  • This dry reagent was added with a PBS to obtain a mixture having 0.2% by weight in solid content.
  • the test sample was set in a conventional ultrasonic stirring device to perform dispersion of the mixture. During this stirring, a test sample was intermittently taken out, and a part of the test sample was injected into an optical cell made of quartz glass (light path length: 2 mm).
  • test samples (ExI-1 to ExI-4) respectively were obtained, each differing in the stirring period.
  • the present inventors have found that even if the equation: A/Ao ⁇ 1.1 is satisfied, when stirring is continued over a long period of time, there is a tendency for the measuring sensitivity to be reduced, although the variation in the measured values is relatively small.
  • the present inventors have in fact, discovered that if at the time of dispersing dehydrated immune reagent fine particles into a dispersing medium while stirring by a stirring means, when the dispersing process is performed while measuring the dispersed state of the resulting dispersed body and the stirring is terminated when the ratio of A/Ao reaches the foregoing range and the successive process is conducted, a trace amount of the immunologically active material can be measured with a high degree of accuracy.
  • the dispersing medium to be used for the preparation of a suspension of a sensitized reagent latex is applied with connection treatment in the way as described in Experiment 1-(1) prior to freeze-drying. That is, the method used is the same as that used for redispersion of dehydrated reagent fine particle and the same procedures for obtaining the index Ao are performed. This is possible since the physical or chemical connection of an immunologically active material onto solid fine particles is also carried out in water or a mixed solvent containing water as the principal component.
  • the dispersed state in the step of dispersing dehydrated reagent fine particles is checked by optical measurement thereof.
  • the resulting measured results are compared with the reference standard optical data of a predetermined dispersed state to decide whether continuation of the dispersing step, termination of said step or control of the stirring competence is required.
  • a highly sensitive dispersed reagent in an uniformly dispersed state is obtained.
  • This dispersed reagent is then mixed and reacted with a specimen.
  • a material to be measured contained in said specimen which is reactive with the immunologically active material immobilized to the surfaces of the solid fine particles comes in contact with said immunologically active material to cause antigen-antibody reaction.
  • This reaction causes agglutination to occur, and said agglutination proceeds depending upon the content of the material to be measured in the specimen.
  • the admixture of the immune reagent fine particles with the specimen containing the material to be measured to produce said antigen-antibody reaction is obtained, for example, by shaking the measuring cell containing said two kinds of materials.
  • a method of measuring the intensity of transmitted light, a method of measuring the intensity of scattered light, a combination of these methods or an integrating sphere turbidity measuring method may be selectively employed.
  • the calculation of the content of a material to be measured, contained in a specimen based on the measured data obtained may be conducted by subjecting said measured data to data processing by a conventional rate assaying method or a conventional end point method.
  • the step of dispersing dehydrated immune reagent fine particles into a dispersing medium is performed by an ultrasonic stirring means and the step of mixing and reacting a dispersed body of said immune reagent fine particles with a specimen containing a material to be measured is performed by a shaking means.
  • the stirring means is preferably equipped with a stirring competence variable means such that the dispersing step can be performed with a strong stirring competence and the mixing and reacting step performed with a weak stirring competence.
  • an ultrasonic stirring means equipped with an output power variable mechanism is used.
  • the dispersing step is performed with ultrasonic vibration stirring of 10 to 90 W (20 KHz) in output power and the mixing and reacting step is performed with ultrasonic vibration stirring of 0.1 to 10 W (20 KHz) in output power.
  • the basic principle of the first embodiment of the immunologically measuring method according to the present invention is as shown in the flow chart of FIG. 4.
  • the first embodiment of the immunological measuring method according to the present invention may be practiced in an appropriate apparatus having a constitution capable of performing said method.
  • FIG. 1 a representative apparatus suitable for practicing the first embodiment of the immunological measuring method according to the present invention is shown.
  • numeral references 2 represents an optical cell made of acrylic resin or quartz glass which contains dehydrated latex reagent.
  • Numeral reference 12 represents a bar code of the optical data for dispersing said latex reagent into a dispersing medium which is disposed on the upper exterior of said optical cell 2.
  • the optical cell 2 is placed in a constant temperature vessel 10 which is capable of serving as a holder therefor.
  • the vessel 10 is equipped with a stirring means 11 including an ultrasonic vibrator capable of providing a vibration stirring function and a shaking means capable of providing a shake-stirring function.
  • the optical data of the bar code 12 disposed on the exterior of the optical cell 2 is read by a bar code reading device 13.
  • Numeral reference 8 represents a reservoir containing a dispersing medium.
  • the reservoir 8 is placed in a constant temperature vessel 7.
  • a predetermined amount of the dispersing medium contained in the vessel 7 is introduced through a transporting pipe 19 equipped with a liquid supplying pump 17 into the optical cell 2.
  • the dehydrated latex reagent and the dispersing medium contained in the optical cell 2 placed in the constant temperature vessel 10 are stirred by actuating the ultrasonic vibrator.
  • Numeral reference 1 represents a light source for radiating light for optical measurement.
  • Numeral reference 6 represents a half mirror. A beam of light from the light source 1 is supplied into the optical cell 2.
  • the light source 1 in the case of radiating coherent light, either He-Ne gas laser (wavelength: 632.8 nm) or semiconductor laser (wavelength: 780 nm) is used. It is also possible to use a tungsten lamp or a halogen lamp. In this case, an appropriate wavelength is selected by a monochrometer or a filter.
  • the beam of light supplied into the optical cell 2 is dispersed or absorbed, and light transmitted through the cell is detected by a photomultiplier 3 and light scattered through the cell is detected by a photomultiplier 4. Variation in the light quantity for the light source is detected by a photomultiplier 5, and the signal detected by the photomultiplier 5 is transmitted to the data processing device 14. Likewise, the signal detected by the photomultiplier 3 and the signal detected by the photomultiplier 4 are transmitted to the data processing device 14.
  • These signals transmitted to the data processing device 14 are entered through an A/D conversion circuit into a comparison circuit wherein they are compared with the optical data relating to the dispersion of the latex reagent from a memory circuit.
  • the compared signal is transmitted to a control device 15 for the ultrasonic vibrator in the stirring means 11 to effect termination or continuation of the ultrasonic vibration stirring or to control the competence of the ultrasonic vibration stirring.
  • a specimen containing a material to be measured which is contained in a container 9 is introduced through a transporting pipe 19 equipped with a liquid supplying pump 18 into the optical cell 2.
  • the contents in the optical cell 2 are shake-stirred by actuating the shaking means in the stirring means 11 for a predetermined period of time (for example, for 3 to 5 seconds) and optically measured in the same manner as in the above case.
  • the same optical measurement is again performed.
  • the signals resulting from the two optical measurements are transmitted to the data processing device in the same way as in the above case, wherein they enter through the A/D conversion circuit into a measuring and computing circuit wherein they are computatively processed based on the analytic curve data previously inputted thereinto, to thereby obtain concentration data which are digitally indicated on a display 16.
  • HCG antibody (rabbit) (product by Bio Makor Co., Inc.) was added to 60 ml of 1% suspension of polystyrene latex having a particle size of 0.71 ⁇ m (product of Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) and mixed well to obtain a mixture.
  • the mixture was subjected to sensitization at 40° C. for 2 hours.
  • the resultant sensitized latex was subjected to centrifugal washing.
  • a mixture having a Ph 7.2 composed of phosphate buffering solution and physiological salt solution with 1% by weight of bovine serum albumin and 3% by weight of sucrose was added to obtain a HCG sensitized latex suspension of 1% solid content.
  • a part of the resultant latex suspension was diluted with a mixture having a Ph of 7.2 composed of phosphate buffering solution and physiological salt solution (hereinafter referred to as "PBS") to obtain a test sample of 0.1% by weight in solid content.
  • PBS physiological salt solution
  • This test sample was injected into an optical cell made of quartz glass (light pass length: 2 mm).
  • a value of the foregoing Ao in accordance with the foregoing method was obtained.
  • the value of the foregoing Ao was 1.71 (measured wavelength ⁇ : 633 mm).
  • the remaining hCG sensitized latex suspension was subjected to freeze-drying under reduced pressure in liquid nitrogen to thereby obtain a dry reagent comprising dehydrated reagent fine particles.
  • This dry reagent was added with a PBS to obtain a mixture of 0.1% by weight in solid content.
  • the test sample was set in a conventional ultrasonic stirring device to perform dispersion of the mixture. During this stirring, a test sample was intermittently taken out, and a part of the test sample was injected into an optical cell (reaction cell) made of quartz glass (light path length: 2 mm).
  • reaction cell made of quartz glass (light path length: 2 mm)
  • 100 ⁇ l of a standard hCG solution of 10 IU in concentration was added and the two were stirred in the same manner as in the above case, to thereby obtain a reaction mixture.
  • reaction mixture was transferred from the reaction cell into a dilution cell, wherein the reaction mixture was diluted with a PBS to a 1 ⁇ 10 3 dilution.
  • the diluted reaction mixture was introduced into a flow cell from the dilution cell while simultaneously radiating Ar laser, thereby detecting side-scattered light to determine agglutinated states of the reagent fine particles.
  • the results were compared with the previously provided analytical curve to thereby measure the concentration of the hCG contained in the specimen. In each case, the value of A/Ao was calculated and the measuring sensitivity and a variation in the measured values evaluated.
  • the present inventors have found that even if the equation A/Ao ⁇ 1.1, is satisfied, when stirring is continued for a long period of time, there is a tendency for the measuring sensitivity to be reduced, although the variation in the measured values is relatively small.
  • the present inventors have found that if at the time of dispersing dehydrated immune reagent fine particles into a dispersing medium while stirring by a stirring means, when the dispersing process if performed while measuring the dispersed state of the resulting dispersed body, the stirring is terminated when the ratio of A/Ao reaches the foregoing range and the successive process is conducted, a trace amount of any material to be intended to measure can be measured with a high accuracy.
  • the dispersing medium to be used for the preparation of a suspension of a sensitized reagent latex is applied with connection treatment in the same manner as described in Experiment 2-(1) prior to freeze-drying.
  • the same methods as that used for redispersion of dehydrated reagent fine particles and for obtaining the index Ao are performed, since the physical or chemical connection of an immunologically active material onto solid fine particles is also carried out in water or a mixed solvent containing water as the principal component.
  • the dispersed stated in the step of dispersing dehydrated reagent fine particles is checked by optical measurement thereof.
  • the results are compared with the reference standard optical data of a predetermined dispersed state to decide whether continuation of the dispersing step, termination of said step or control of the stirring competence is appropriate.
  • a highly sensitive dispersed reagent in an uniformly dispersed state is obtained.
  • This dispersed reagent is then mixed and reacted with a specimen.
  • a material to be measured contained in said specimen which is reactive with the immunologically active material immobilized to the surfaces of the solid fine particles comes in contact with said immunologically active material to cause antigen-antibody reaction resulting in agglutination, and said agglutination proceeds depending upon the content of the material to be measured, contained in the specimen.
  • the admixture of the immune reagent fine particles with the specimen containing the material to be measured upon said antigen-antibody reaction occurring is performed, for example, by shaking the reaction cell containing said two kinds of materials or by stirring the contents contained in the reaction cell by a stirring means.
  • the reaction mixture caused by the antigen-antibody reaction in the reaction cell is in an agglutinated state comprising a plurality of aggregates.
  • the reaction mixture is then transferred into a dilution cell, wherein it is diluted with an appropriate diluent such as PBS, etc. Thereafter, the diluted reaction mixture is sent to a flow cell.
  • Each of the aggregates of the reaction mixture is transported to the flow cell separately so that optical measurements can be performed on each of the aggregates.
  • the foregoing optical measurement is carried out by a conventional flow sight meter of optical axis orthogonal type of identical optical axis type.
  • the calculation of the content of a material to be measured, contained in a specimen is based on the data obtained by the optical measurement by referring aid data to a reference standard analytical curve previously plotted with respect to the interrelation between the material to be measured and the agglutinated state thereof caused by antigen-antibody reaction in a diluted state.
  • the step of dispersing dehydrated immune reagent fine particles into a dispersing medium is performed by an ultrasonic stirring means and the step of mixing and reacting a dispersed body of said immune reagent fine particles with a specimen containing a material to be measured is performed by a shaking means.
  • the stirring means is desired to equipped with a stirring competence variable means such that the dispersing step can be performed with a strong stirring competence and the mixing and reacting steps performed with a weak stirring competence.
  • the dispers-ing step is performed with ultrasonic vibration stirring of 10 to 90 W (20 KHz) in output power and the mixing and reacting step is performed with ultrasonic vibration stir-ring of 0.1 to 10 W (20 KHz) in output power.
  • the basic principle of the second embodiment of the immunological measuring method according to the present invention is as shown in the flow charge of FIG. 5.
  • the second embodiment of the immunological measuring method according to the present invention may be practiced in an apparatus having the constitution capable of performing said method.
  • FIG. 2 a representative apparatus suitable for practicing the second embodiment of the immunological measuring method according to the present invention is shown.
  • numeral reference 2 represents an optical cell (reaction cell) made of acrylic resin or quartz glass which contains dehydrated latex reagent.
  • Numeral reference 12 represents a bar code which is disposed on the upper exterior of the reaction cell 2.
  • the bar code 12 contains a code concerning the optical data for dispersing said latex reagent into a dispersing medium and a code for calling data of the reference standard analytic curve from a memory circuit.
  • the reaction cell 2 is placed in a constant temperature vessel 10 which is capable of serving as a holder therefor.
  • the vessel 10 is equipped with a stirring means 11 including an ultrasonic vibrator capable of providing a vibration stirring function and a shaking means capable of providing a shake-stirring function.
  • Numeral reference 8 represents a reservoir containing dispersing medium.
  • the reservoir 8 is placed in a constant temperature vessel 7.
  • a predetermined amount of the dispersing medium contained in the vessel 7 is introduced through a transporting pipe 29 equipped with a liquid supplying pump 17 into the reaction cell 2.
  • the dehydrated latex reagent and the dispersing medium contained in the reaction cell 2 placed in the constant temperature vessel 10 are stirred by actuating the ultrasonic vibrator.
  • Numeral reference 1 represents a light source for radiating light for optical measurement.
  • Numeral reference 6 represents a half mirror.
  • a beam of light from the light source 1 is supplied into the reaction cell 2.
  • the light source 1 in the case of radiating coherent light, either He-Ne gas laser (wavelength: 632.8 nm) or semiconductor laser (wavelength: 780 nm or 830 nm) is used. It is also possible to use a tungsten lamp or a halogen lamp. In this case, an appropriate wavelength is selected by a monochrometer or a filter.
  • the beam of light supplied into the reaction cell 2 is dispersed or absorbed, and light transmitted through the cell is detected by a photomultiplier 3 and light scattered through the cell is detected by a photomultiplier 4.
  • Variation in the light quantity for the light source 1 is detected by a photomultiplier 5, and the signal detected by the photomultiplier 5 is transmitted to the data processing device 14. Likewise, the signal detected by the photomultiplier 3 and the signal detected by the photomultiplier are transmitted to the data processing device 14.
  • These signals transmitted to the data processing device 14 enter through an A/D conversion circuit into a comparison circuit wherein they are compared with the optical data concerning the dispersion of the latex reagent from a memory circuit.
  • the compared signal is transmitted to a control device 15 for the ultrasonic vibrator in the stirring means 11 to demand termination or continuation of the ultrasonic vibration stirring or to control the competence of the ultrasonic vibration stirring.
  • a specimen containing a material to be measured which is contained in a container 9 is introduced through a transporting pipe 29 equipped with a liquid supplying pump 18 into the reaction cell 2.
  • the contents in the reaction cell 2 are shake-stirred by actuating the shaking means in the stirring means 11 for a predetermined period of time (for example, for 3 to 5 seconds) to cause agglutination reaction.
  • the reaction mixture in the reaction cell is sent to a dilution cell 20 placed in a constant temperature vessel 10 through a transporting pipe 29 equipped with a liquid supplying pump 19, in accordance with the conditions supplied by the foregoing reference standard analytic curve.
  • a predetermined amount of a diluent contained in a reservoir 22 placed in a constant temperature vessel 21 is supplied into the dilution cell 20 through a transporting pipe 29 equipped with a liquid supplying pump 23.
  • the reaction mixture and the diluent thus introduced into the dilution cell 20 are uniformly mixed by stirring them by a stirring means 24.
  • the reaction mixture is diluted to a predetermined dilution.
  • the admixture of the reaction mixture with the diluent in the dilution cell 20 may be performed by stirring them using the foregoing ultrasonic vibration stirring means or shake-stirring means. In this case, such stirring means is provided to the constant temperature vessel 10 (not shown).
  • the reaction mixture thus diluted in the dilution cell is sent to a flow cell 26 through a transporting pipe 29 equipped with liquid supplying pump 25.
  • the diluted reaction mixture is flown such that each of the aggregates of the reaction mixture individually passes through the flow cell 26 and side-scattered light caused by radiating laser beam from a laser beam source when each of the aggregates passes through the flow cell 26 can be detected by a photomultiplier 28.
  • the signals detected by the photomultiplier are transmitted to the data processing device 14, wherein they are entered through the A/D conversion circuit into a measuring and computing circuit wherein they are computatively processed based on the analytic curve data previously inputted thereinto, to thereby obtain concentration data which are digitally indicated on a display 16.
  • Examples 1-(1) to 1-(5) are of the first embodiment and Examples 2-(1) to 2-(4) are of the second embodiment.
  • hCG antibody (rabbit) (product by Bio Makor Co., Ltd.) was added to 60 ml of 1% suspension of polystyrene latex having a particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m (product of Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) and mixed well to obtain a mixture. The mixture was subjected to sensitization at 40° C. for 2 hours.
  • the resultant sensitized latex was subjected to centrifugal washing.
  • a mixture having a pH of 7.2 composed of phosphate buffering solution and physiological salt solution (hereinafter referred to as "PBS") with 1% by weight of bovine serum albumin and 3% by weight of sucrose was added to obtain a hCG antibody sensitized latex suspension of 1% by weight in solid content.
  • dry reagent (A) dehydrated reagent fine particles
  • the foregoing hCG antibody sensitized latex suspension was added with PBS to obtain a suspension of 0.2% by weight in reagent solid content to an optical cell of the same kind as described above.
  • the optical cell was subjected to ultrasonic vibration stirring treatment in order to obtain a dispersed body.
  • the ultrasonic vibration stirring treatment in the above (1) was terminated when the exponential A satisfied the equation: A/Ao ⁇ 1.1 (stirring period: 160 seconds).
  • 100 ⁇ l of a standard hCG solution which was adjusted to 10 IU/ml was introduced into the optical cell, followed by shake-stirring treatment for 3 seconds.
  • the absorbance of the resultant was measured after 20 seconds and after 200 seconds in order to observe a variation ( ⁇ A) in the values measured (with light of 633 nm in wavelength).
  • ⁇ A variation
  • the above procedures were repeated ten times in total.
  • the coefficient of variation (C.V.) was also determined.
  • Example 1-(1) The procedures of Example 1-(1) were repeated, except that the ultrasonic vibration stirring period was made constant for a fixed period of time.
  • Example 1-(1) wherein the stirring period of the latex reagent was varied, surpasses Comparative Example 1-(1), wherein the stirring period was fixed to 200 or 300 seconds in that the variation of data obtained in the former is distinguishably small in comparison with the latter and the stirring period can be markedly shortened in the former.
  • Example 1-(1) there is no distinguishable difference with respect to data obtained among the separately prepared latex reagents.
  • Comparative Example 1-(1) there is a distinguish-able difference with respect to data obtained among the separately prepared latex reagents.
  • Antihuman CRP goat serum (product by Bio Makor Co., Ltd.) was subjected to column treatment to extract an antibody comprising immune globulin G. 4 ml of the antibody thus extracted was mixed with 60 ml of 1% suspension of polystyrene latex having a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m (product of Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) and mixed well to obtain a mixture. The resultant was subjected to sensitization at 45° C. for 2 hours. The resultant sensitized latex was subjected to centrifugal washing.
  • a mixture composed of 0.02M phosphate buffering solution, 1% by weight of bovine serum albumin and 5% by weight of sucrose was added in an amount to provide a suspension of 1% by weight in solid content.
  • a CRP antibody sensitized latex suspension was prepared.
  • dry reagent (B) The antibody sensitized latex suspension obtained in the above was subjected to freeze-drying under reduced pressure in liquid nitrogen to obtain a dry reagent comprising dehydrated reagent fine particles (hereinafter referred to as "dry reagent (B)").
  • a CRP serum solution of 0.5 mg/dl concentration which was prepared by diluting a standard CRP serum (product by Kyowayuka Kabushiki Kaisha) with Tris HCl buffering solution was provided.
  • An optical cell made of quartz glass (light pass length: 2 mm) charged with 1.2 mg of the dry reagent (B) was provided.
  • PBS was introduced into the optical cell to prepare a mixture of 0.2% by weight in solid content therein.
  • the mixture in the optical cell was subjected to vibration stirring treatment in order to obtain a dispersed body.
  • the ultrasonic vibration stirring treatment was terminated.
  • 20 ⁇ l of the foregoing CRP PG,53 serum solution was introduced into the above optical cell, followed by shake-stirring treatment for 3 seconds.
  • the absorbance of the resultant was measured after 20 seconds and after 200 seconds in order to observe a variation ( ⁇ A) in the values measured (with light of 633 nm in wavelength).
  • the coefficient of variation (C.V.) was also determined.
  • Example 1-(2) The procedures of Example 1-(2) were repeated, except that the ultrasonic vibration stirring period was made constant at a fixed period of time (100 or 200 seconds).
  • dry reagent (C) The antibody sensitized latex suspension obtained in the above was subjected to freeze-drying under reduced pressure in liquid nitrogen to obtain a dry reagent comprising dehydrated reagent fine particles (hereinafter referred to as "dry reagent (C)").
  • a ⁇ 2 -microglobulin serum solution of 5 ⁇ g/ml in concentration which was prepared by diluting a standard ⁇ 2 -microglobulin serum (produce of Kyowayuka Kabushiki Kaisha) with Tris HCl buffering solution was provided.
  • An optical cell made of quartz glass (light pass length: 2 mm) charged with 1.2 mg of the dry reagent (C) was provided.
  • PBS was introduced into the optical cell to prepare a mixture of 0.2% by weight in solid content therein.
  • the mixture in the optical cell was subjected to vibration stirring treatment in order to obtain a dispersed body.
  • the index A of the foregoing equation: A-IogIo/I was determined.
  • the ultrasonic vibration stirring treatment was terminated.
  • 20 ⁇ l of the foregoing ⁇ 2 -microglobulin serum solution was introduced into the above optical cell, followed by shake-stirring treatment for 3 seconds.
  • the absorbance of the resultant was measured after 20 seconds and after 200 seconds in order to observe a variation ( ⁇ A) in the values measured (with light of 633 nm in wavelength).
  • the coefficient of variation (C.V.) was also determined.
  • Example 1-(3) The procedures of Example 1-(3) were repeated, except that the ultrasonic vibration stirring period was made constant at a fixed period of time (100 or 200 seconds).
  • Antihuman ⁇ -fetoprotein (horse) (AFP) serum (product of Midorijuji Kabushiki Kaisha) was subjected to column treatment to extract an antibody comprising immune globulin G. 1.5 ml of the antibody thus extracted was mixed with 15 ml of 1% suspension of polystyrene latex having a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m (product by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) and mixed well to obtain a mixture. The resultant was subjected to sensitization at 40° C. for 3 hours. The resultant sensitized latex was subjected to centrifugal washing.
  • a mixture composed of 0.02M phosphate buffering solution, 1% by weight of bovine serum albumin and 5% by weight of sucrose was added in an amount to provide a suspension of 1% by weight in solid content.
  • an AFP antibody sensitized latex suspension was prepared.
  • dry reagent (D) The antibody sensitized latex suspension obtained in the above was subjected to freeze-drying under reduced pressure in liquid nitrogen to obtain a dry reagent comprising dehydrated reagent fine particles (hereinafter referred to as "dry reagent (D)").
  • the foregoing AFP antibody sensitized latex suspension was added with a PBS to obtain a suspension of 0.2% by weight in reagent solid content in an optical cell made of quartz glass (light pass length: 2 mm).
  • the suspension in the optical cell was subjected to ultrasonic vibration stirring treatment in order to obtain a dispersed body.
  • the index Ao of the foregoing equation: Ao-logI'o/I' was determined (with light of 633 nm in wavelength). As a result, a value of 1.30 for the index Ao was obtained.
  • AFP serum solution of 150 ng/ml in concentration was prepared by diluting a standard AFP serum (product by Kyowayuka Kabushiki Kaisha) with Tris HCl buffering solution.
  • An optical cell made of quartz glass (light pass length: 2 mm) charged with 1.2 mg of the dry reagent (D) was provided.
  • PBS was introduced into the optical cell to prepare a mixture of 0.2% by weight in solid content therein.
  • the mixture in the optical cell was subjected to vibration stirring treatment in order to obtain a dispersed body.
  • the ultrasonic vibration stirring treatment was terminated.
  • 20 ⁇ l of the foregoing AFP serum solution was introduced into the above optical cell, which was followed by shake-stirring treatment for 3 seconds.
  • the absorbance of the resultant was measured after 20 seconds and after 200 seconds in order to observe a variation ( ⁇ A) in the values measured (with light of 633 nm in wavelength).
  • Example 1-(4) The procedures of Example 1-(4) were repeated, except that the ultrasonic vibration stirring period was made constant at a fixed period of time (100 or 200 seconds).
  • Table 5 illustrates the measured results with respect to the coincident reproducibility against CRP, ⁇ 2 -microglobulin, or AFP in Examples 1-(2) to (4) and Comparative Examples 1-(2) to (4).
  • hCG antibody (rabbit) (product of Bio Makor Co., Ltd.) was added to 60 ml of 1% suspension of polystyrene latex have a particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m (product of Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) and mixed well to obtain a mixture. The mixture was subjected to sensitization at 40° C. for 2 hours.
  • the resultant sensitized latex was subjected to centrifugal washing.
  • PBS physiological salt solution
  • dry reagent (E) dehydrated reagent fine particles
  • a hCG solution was prepared by diluting a standard hCG (product by Japan Chemical Research Co., Ltd.) with a PBS to 10 IU/ml.
  • An optical cell made of quartz glass (light pass length: 2 mm) charged with 1.2 mg of the dry reagent (E) was provided.
  • PBS was introduced into the optical cell to prepare a mixture of 0.2% by weight in solid content therein.
  • the mixture in the optical cell was subjected to vibration stirring treatment at an output power of 15 W (20 kHz) in order to obtain a dispersed body.
  • the stirring period: 160 seconds) the ultrasonic vibration stirring treatment was terminated.
  • the resultant sensitized latex was subjected to centrifugal washing.
  • a mixture having a pH of 7.2 composed of phosphate buffering solution and physiological salt solution (hereinafter referred to as "PBS") with 1% by weight of bovine serum albumin and 5% by weight of sucrose was added to obtain a hCG antibody sensitized latex suspension of 1% by weight in solid content.
  • dry reagent (F) dehydrated reagent fine particles
  • a hCG solution was prepared by diluting a standard hCG (product by Japan Chemical Research Co., Ltd.) with PBS to 10 IU/ml.
  • An optical cell made of quartz glass (reaction cell, light pass length: 2 mm) charged with 1.2 mg of the dry reagent (F) was provided.
  • PBS was introduced into the optical cell (reaction cell) to prepare a mixture of 0.2% by weight in solid content therein.
  • the mixture in the optical cell was subjected to vibration stirring treatment in order to obtain a dispersed body.
  • the ultrasonic vibration stirring treatment was terminated.
  • reaction mixture 100 ⁇ l of the foregoing hCG solution was introduced into the above optical cell, followed by stirring treatment by the shake-stirring means for 3 seconds to obtain a reaction mixture. After 60 seconds, the reaction mixture was transferred from the reaction cell into a dilution cell, wherein the reaction mixture was diluted to 1 ⁇ 10 3 with a PBS. The reaction mixture thus diluted was introduced into a flow cell from the dilution cell while radiating Ar laser (488 nm), thereby detecting side-scattered light to observe agglutinated states of the reagent fine particles. The results were compared with the previously provided analytical curve to thereby measure the concentration of the hCG contained in the specimen.
  • Example 2-(1) The procedures of Example 2-(1) were repeated, except that the ultrasonic vibration stirring period was made constant at a fixed period of time.
  • Antihuman CRP goad serum (product by Bio Makor Co., Ltd.) was subjected to column treatment to extract an antibody comprising immune globulin G. 4 ml of the antibody thus extracted was mixed with 60 ml of 1% suspension of polystyrene latex having a particle size of 0.71 ⁇ m (product by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) and mixed well to obtain a mixture. The resultant mixture was subjected to sensitization at 45° C. for 2 hours. The resultant sensitized latex was subjected to centrifugal washing.
  • a mixture composed of 0.02M phosphate buffering solution, 1% by weight of bovine serum albumin and 5% by weight of sucrose was added in an amount to provide a suspension of 1% by weight in solid content.
  • a CRP antibody sensitized latex suspension was prepared.
  • dry reagent (G) The antibody sensitized latex suspension obtained in the above was subjected to freeze-drying under reduced pressure in liquid nitrogen to obtain a dry reagent comprising dehydrated reagent fine particles (hereinafter referred to as "dry reagent (G)").
  • a CRP serum solution of 0.5 mg/dl concentration was prepared by diluting a standard CRP serum (product by Kyowayuka Kabushiki Kaisha) with Tris HCl buffering solution.
  • An optical cell made of quartz glass (light pass length: 2 mm) charged with 1.2 mg of the dry reagent (G) was also provided.
  • PBS was introduced into the optical cell to prepare a mixture of 0.1% by weight in solid content therein.
  • the mixture in the optical cell was subjected to vibration stirring treatment in order to obtain a dispersed body.
  • the stirring period: 45 seconds the ultrasonic vibration stirring treatment was terminated.
  • reaction mixture 20 ⁇ l of the foregoing CRP serum solution was introduced into the above optical cell, followed by shake-stirring treatment for 3 seconds to obtain a reaction mixture. After 120 seconds, the reaction mixture was transferred from the reaction cell into a dilution cell, wherein the reaction mixture was diluted to 1 ⁇ 10 3 with a PBS. The reaction mixture thus diluted was introduced into a flow cell from the dilution cell while radiating Ar laser (488 nm), thereby detecting side-scattered light to determine agglutinated states of the reagent fine particles. The results were compared with the previously provided analytical curve to thereby measure the concentration of the CRP contained in the specimen.
  • Example 2-(2) The procedures of Example 2-(2) were repeated, except that the ultrasonic vibration stirring period was made constant at a fixed period of time (48 seconds).
  • dry reagent (H) dry reagent comprising dehydrated reagent fine particles
  • a ⁇ 2 -microglobulin serum solution of 0.5 mg/dl in concentration was prepared by diluting a standard ⁇ 2 -microglobulin serum (product by Kyowayuka Kabushiki Kaisha) with Tris HCl buffering solution.
  • An optical cell made of quartz glass (light pass length: 2 mm) charged with 1.2 mg of the dry reagent (H) was also provided.
  • PBS was introduced into the optical cell to prepare a mixture of 0.2% by weight in solid content therein.
  • the mixture in the optical cell was subjected to vibration stirring treatment in order to obtain a dispersed body.
  • reaction mixture 20 ⁇ l of the foregoing ⁇ 2 -microglobulin serum solution was introduced into the above optical cell, followed by shake-stirring treatment for 3 seconds to obtain a reaction mixture. After 120 seconds, the reaction mixture was transferred from the reaction cell into a dilution cell, wherein the reaction mixture was diluted to 1 ⁇ 10 3 . The reaction mixture thus diluted was introduced into a flow cell from the dilution cell while radiating Ar laser (488 nm), thereby detecting side-scattered light to observe agglutinated states of the reagent fine particles. The results observed were compared with the previously provided analytical curve to thereby measure the concentration of the ⁇ 2 -microglobulin contained in the specimen.
  • Example 2-(3) The procedures of Example 2-(3) were repeated, except that the ultrasonic vibration stirring period was made constant at a fixed period of time (62 seconds).
  • Antihuman ⁇ -fetoprotein (horse) (AFP) serum (product by Midorijuji Kabushiki Kaisha) was subjected to column treatment to extract an antibody comprising immune globulin G. 1.5 ml of the antibody thus extracted was mixed with 15 ml of 1% suspension of polystyrene latex having a particle size of 0.71 ⁇ m (product by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) and mixed well to obtain a mixture. The resultant mixture was subjected to sensitization at 40° C. for 3 hours. The resultant sensitized latex was subjected to centrifugal washing.
  • a mixture composed of 0.02M phosphate buffering solution, 1% by weight of bovine serum albumin and 5% by weight of sucrose was added in an amount to provide a suspension of 1% by weight in solid content.
  • an AFP antibody sensitized latex suspension was prepared.
  • dry reagent (I) a dry reagent comprising dehydrated reagent fine particles
  • An optical cell made of quartz glass (light pass length: 2 mm) charged with 1.2 mg of the dry reagent (I) was provided.
  • PBS was introduced into the optical cell to prepare a mixture of 0.1% by weight in solid content therein.
  • the mixture in the optical cell was subjected to vibration stirring treatment in order to obtain a dispersed body.
  • the stirring period: 47 seconds the ultrasonic vibration stirring treatment was terminated.
  • ⁇ l of the foregoing AFP serum solution was introduced into the above optical cell, followed by shake-stirring treatment for 3 seconds to obtain a reaction mixture.
  • the reaction mixture was transferred from the reaction cell into a dilution cell, wherein the reaction mixture was diluted to 1 ⁇ 10 3 with a PBS.
  • the reaction mixture thus diluted was introduced into a flow cell from the dilution cell while radiating Ar laser (488 nm), thereby detecting side-scattered light to observe agglutinated states of the reagent fine particles. The results observed were compared with the previously provided analytical curve to thereby measure the concentration of the AFP contained in the specimen.
  • Example 2-(4) The procedures of Example 2-(4) were repeated, except that the ultrasonic vibration stirring period was made constant at a fixed period of time (44 seconds).
  • Table 10 illustrates the measured results with respect to the coincident reproducibility against CRP, ⁇ 2 -microglobulin, or AFP in Examples 2-(2) to (4) and Comparative Examples 2-(2) to (4).

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JP21488889A JP2813894B2 (ja) 1989-08-23 1989-08-23 免疫的に活性な物質の測定方法および測定装置
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US6689571B1 (en) 2002-11-13 2004-02-10 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Assay method and kit for pythium insidiosum antibodies
US20040076545A1 (en) * 2000-02-25 2004-04-22 Hitachi, Ltd. Automatic analyzer
WO2005031325A1 (de) * 2003-09-25 2005-04-07 Werner, Friedrich Verfahren und vorrichtung zum nachweis sehr geringer partikelmengen
US20050079484A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2005-04-14 Heineman William Richard Method of detecting biological materials in liquid
US20050101028A1 (en) * 2002-03-13 2005-05-12 Tatsurou Kawamura Method of judging homogenization/reaction completion and method of measuring solution concentration using the same
US20060066858A1 (en) * 2004-09-27 2006-03-30 Ivars Jaunakais Photometric analysis
US20060073603A1 (en) * 2004-09-27 2006-04-06 Ivars Jaunakais Reagent delivery and photometric chlorine analysis
US20060246508A1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2006-11-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Biologically active substance transfer sheet, cell culture kit constituted of cell culture plate and biologically active substance transfer sheet, producing method thereof and method for screening cell culture conditions utilizing the same
US20070003958A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method for measuring melting temperature of nucleic acid hybrid and apparatus for use in the method
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US20090117667A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2009-05-07 Pulse-Immunotech Corporation Methods for measuring affinity substances in samples comprising step of disrupting blood cell components
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US6762054B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2004-07-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Solution concentration measuring method and solution concentration measuring apparatus
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