WO2005094844A1 - 経口投与用吸着剤、並びに腎疾患治療又は予防剤、及び肝疾患治療又は予防剤 - Google Patents
経口投与用吸着剤、並びに腎疾患治療又は予防剤、及び肝疾患治療又は予防剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005094844A1 WO2005094844A1 PCT/JP2005/006621 JP2005006621W WO2005094844A1 WO 2005094844 A1 WO2005094844 A1 WO 2005094844A1 JP 2005006621 W JP2005006621 W JP 2005006621W WO 2005094844 A1 WO2005094844 A1 WO 2005094844A1
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- activated carbon
- spherical activated
- spherical
- resin
- adsorbent
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/44—Elemental carbon, e.g. charcoal, carbon black
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/18—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/02—Antidotes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an adsorbent for oral administration comprising a spherical activated carbon having a small average particle diameter and a small bulk density.
- the present invention also relates to a therapeutic or preventive agent for renal disease and a therapeutic or preventive agent for liver disease, comprising the above-mentioned adsorbent for oral administration as an active ingredient.
- the adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention has a high adsorptivity to indole, which is a precursor of indoxynolesulfate, which is attracting attention as a toxic toxic substance (Toxin) in the body. During the period, many toxic substances can be adsorbed within a certain time to adsorb toxic substances.
- toxic toxic substance Toxin
- an oral adsorbent that can be taken orally and can treat dysfunction of the kidneys and liver has been developed and used (Patent Document 1). Its oral sorbent is made of a porous spherical carbonaceous material with specific functional groups (i.e., spherical activated carbon), which is safe and stable for the living body and is toxic even in the presence of bile acids in the intestine.
- Oral with excellent selective adsorptivity which has excellent adsorptivity of substances, and has little adsorption of intestinal beneficial components such as digestive enzymes, and has few side effects such as constipation
- a therapeutic agent for example, it is widely and clinically used for patients with hepatorenal dysfunction.
- the adsorbent described in Patent Document 1 has been produced by preparing spherical activated carbon using pitches such as petroleum pitch as a carbon source, and then performing an oxidation treatment and a reduction treatment.
- the above-mentioned selective adsorptivity that is, an adsorbent for oral administration, which exhibits an excellent adsorptivity to toxic substances and further improves the beneficial selective adsorptivity, ie, less adsorption of intestinal beneficial components, is also available. It is known (Patent Document 2).
- the adsorbent for oral administration described in Patent Document 2 has the above-described selective adsorptivity in a specific range of pore volumes in which the pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of 20 to 15000 nm is 0.04 mLZg or more and less than 0.10 mL / g. It is based on the discovery of a phenomenon that improves the intestinal tract, and is extremely effective for diseases in which it is desirable to sufficiently adsorb toxic substances and to suppress the adsorption of beneficial components in the intestine.
- Patent Document 3 A medicinal adsorbent comprising activated carbon obtained as described above is also known (Patent Document 3).
- the pharmaceutical adsorbent described in Patent Document 3 is made of activated carbon having a specific surface area and pore volume, an average pore diameter, a particle diameter, and a surface oxidized amount adjusted, so that it can be used for living organisms such as polysaccharides and enzymes. It is said that ionic organic compounds can be selectively adsorbed while suppressing the adsorption of necessary high molecules.
- Non-patent Documents 1 and 2 The mechanism by which the concentration of indoxylinole sulfate increases in patients with chronic renal failure is thought to be as follows. That is, first, a part of protein-derived tributophan is metabolized into indole by Escherichia coli and the like in the intestinal tract and absorbed.
- the indole is sulfated in the liver to produce indoxysulfate, which is excreted by the kidneys in normal individuals. However, in patients with chronic renal failure, this excretion pathway is sagged, and indoxynosulfate accumulates in the blood.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-11611
- Patent Document 2 Patent No. 3522708 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-308785)
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-244414
- Non-patent Document 1 Nihon Nephrology, XXXII Vol. 6 (1990) pp. 65-71
- Non-patent document 2 Clinical dialysis, Vol. 14, No. 4 (1998), pp. 433-438
- the oral adsorbents described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 necessarily have high adsorption capacity in a period of up to about 3 hours in contact with harmful substances. It is sent to the lower intestine and the large intestine with sufficient adsorption capacity, without exhausting the adsorption capacity, and is further discharged outside the body.
- the inventor of the present invention has been keenly developing an oral adsorbent which has a high adsorptive capacity and is capable of adsorbing and removing a relatively large amount of harmful substances.
- excellent adsorption capacity and initial adsorption were obtained. It has been found that an oral adsorbent exhibiting a rate can be obtained.
- the spherical activated carbon before the specific functional group is imparted has the above-mentioned excellent properties.
- the spherical activated carbon found by the present inventors can adsorb a large amount of harmful substances (especially indole) within a residence time of about 3 hours in the upper small intestinal tract, so that the dose can be reduced. become.
- the present inventor has found that even in the above average particle size range (ie, small particle size range) found by the present inventor, the bulk density range different from the bulk density of the activated carbon described in Patent Document 3 (ie, , Lower bulk density range), but with higher molecular weight than indole It has been found that the amount of adsorbed methtryptamine is significantly increased.
- the present invention is based on these findings.
- the present invention relates to a spherical activated carbon having an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 ⁇ m, a specific surface area determined by the BET method of 700 m 2 Zg or more, and a bulk density of less than 0.54 g / mL.
- the present invention relates to an orally administrable adsorbent.
- the present invention also relates to a therapeutic or preventive agent for renal disease or a therapeutic or preventive agent for liver disease, comprising any of the above-mentioned adsorbents for oral administration as an active ingredient.
- the adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention has a high adsorptivity and is also excellent in terms of initial adsorptivity, and extremely rapidly removes toxic toxic substances in a living body within a general residence time in the upper small intestine. Can be adsorbed. Therefore, it is effective as an agent for treating or preventing renal disease, or an agent for treating or preventing liver disease. In addition, it can reduce the dose compared to conventional sorbents for oral administration.
- the average particle size is small, the jarring feeling when it is contained in the mouth is eliminated or reduced, so that it is easy to take.
- the inventor of the present invention administered the compound to rats and then performed laparotomy, it was confirmed that adhesion to the inner wall of the intestinal tract was hardly observed, but rather the average particle diameter was large, and the conventional adsorption for oral administration was observed. It has also been observed that the adhesion to the inner wall of the intestinal tract may be less than that of an agent (eg, the adsorbent for oral administration described in Patent Document 1). That is, adhesion to the inner wall surface of the intestinal tract is at least as high as that of the conventional adsorbent for oral administration.
- FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph of the spherical activated carbon according to the present invention obtained in Example 1.
- Fig. 2 is a graph showing the results of comparing the change in the adsorption rate when the shaking time was changed with respect to the spherical activated carbon obtained in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. .
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the average particle diameter of spherical activated carbon and the amount of indole adsorbed.
- the spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention is a surface-unmodified spherical activated carbon.
- the surface-unmodified spherical activated carbon means a spherical activated carbon having an acidic point of less than 0.30 meqZg.
- the surface-modified spherical activated carbon means a spherical activated carbon having an acidic point of 0.30 meqZg or more.
- the non-surface-modified spherical activated carbon is a porous body obtained by heat-treating a carbon precursor and then performing an activation treatment, and is subjected to a surface modification treatment by a subsequent oxidation treatment and reduction treatment. It is a spherical activated carbon that has not been performed, or a spherical activated carbon obtained by performing a heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere after the activation treatment.
- surface-modified spherical activated carbon is a porous body obtained by heat-treating a carbon precursor, performing an activation treatment, and then performing a surface modification treatment by an oxidation treatment and a reduction treatment. It can show moderate interaction with acids and bases.
- the acidic point of the surface-unmodified spherical activated carbon is preferably 0.25 meq / g or less, more preferably 0.20 meq / g or less.
- the spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention has a specific range of average particle diameter and a specific range of bulk density as described above. That is, the average particle diameter is from 50 to 200 ⁇ , preferably from 50 to 180 ⁇ , and more preferably from 50 to 150 zm.
- the average particle diameter (Dv50) is a particle diameter at a particle size accumulation rate of 50% in a volume-based particle size accumulation diagram.
- the bulk density is less than 0.54 g / mL.
- the upper limit of the bulk density is preferably 0.50 gZmL (that is, 0.55 gZmL or less, or less than 0.50 g / mL), and more preferably 0.49 / mL.
- the lower limit of the bulk density is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.30 g / mL.
- the bulk density P refers to the dry weight W (g) of the spherical activated carbon when the spherical activated carbon is filled in a container.
- Patent Document 2 generally describes a porous spherical carbonaceous material having a diameter of 0.01 to llm (10 to 1000 ⁇ m) (for example, Claim 1). However, this range of 0.01 to lmm is described as a diameter, not as an average particle diameter. Further, the adsorbents specifically disclosed in Examples:!
- Patent Document 2 To 5 of Patent Document 2 are only porous spherical carbonaceous substances having an average particle diameter of 350 xm as described above, No mention is made of the fact that in spherical activated carbon having a diameter of 50 to 200 xm, the amount of adsorption increases and the initial adsorption rate improves.
- a carbonaceous material having an average particle diameter of 20 zm (Comparative Example 3) and a carbonaceous material having an average particle diameter of 40 ⁇ m (Comparative Example 6) are described. .
- the carbonaceous material having an average particle diameter of 20 ⁇ (Comparative Example 3) is obtained by pulverizing the porous spherical carbonaceous substance prepared in Example 1 with a pulverizer and is not spherical.
- the carbonaceous material having an average particle size of 40 ⁇ m (Comparative Example 6) is powdered medicinal coal.
- Patent Document 1 also generally describes a spherical carbonaceous material having a diameter of 0.05 to 1111111 (50 to 1000/111) (for example, Claim 1), Further, Examples:! To 3 also specifically describe a carbonaceous adsorbent having a particle size of 0.05 to 1 mm or 0.01 to 1 mm. However, it is clear that these ranges are not the average particle size, and it seems to indicate the range of the minimum particle size and the maximum particle size.
- the spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention is a spherical activated carbon having a specific range of average particle diameter (50 to 200 xm) as described above. Compared with the average particle size (350 xm) of the porous spherical carbonaceous substance specifically described in Patent Document 2, the spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention is It is characterized in that it has a higher adsorptivity than conventional spherical activated carbon and is superior in terms of initial adsorptivity.
- the specific surface area (outer surface area) of activated carbon lg having an average particle diameter of 350 am and 1 g of activated carbon having an average particle diameter of 50 ⁇ m will be calculated.
- the density of activated carbon is p (g / m 3 ) and the particle size is d (m)
- the external surface area (S) per lg of activated carbon is as follows:
- the specific surface area of the spherical activated carbon of the present invention is 700 m 2 / g, and the increase in the external surface area due to the decrease in the particle size is 0.1% or less of the entire specific surface area.
- the spherical activated carbon used as an adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention preferably has a narrow particle size distribution.
- the spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention is as described above.
- the ratio (D / D) is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2 or less, and still more preferably 1.5 or less.
- D is a representative particle diameter of the measured particle diameter section
- n is the number.
- Patent Document 3 A spherical activated carbon having an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 ⁇ m is described in the example of Patent Document 3 described above.
- Patent Document 3 generally only defines the average particle size to be 350 xm or less, and there is no description at all that the specific effect can be obtained by setting the average particle size to 200 zm or less.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that if the bulk density (packing density) is 0.5 gZmL or less, the pore diameter of the activated carbon becomes large, and proteins (enzymes) such as trypsin and the like and polysaccharides such as pullulan and the like are disclosed. It is clearly specified that the polymer compound may be adsorbed and the dose to be taken is increased, which is not preferable.
- Patent Document 3 does not substantially describe a spherical activated carbon having a bulk density of less than 0.54 g / mL, and has at least a bulk density of 0.50 g / mL or less (or 0.50 g / mL or less). ) Spherical activated carbon is not described.
- the bulk density is a good index indicating the degree of activation. That is, the smaller the bulk density, the more the activation is advanced.
- the step of producing the surface-modified spherical activated carbon or the spherical activated carbon in the steam activation described later, relatively small pores are formed in the early stage of the activation, and as the activation proceeds, the pore diameter increases, and as a result, the bulk density decreases.
- the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention since the particle diameter and the outer surface area of the tip are increased, the contact area between the uretoxin molecule and the adsorbent for oral administration is increased. In addition, the small particle size reduces the mean free path for urinary toxin substances to diffuse through the particles of the orally administered sorbent, increasing the rate of adsorption. Also, since the bulk density is low and the pore diameter is large, it is possible to adsorb relatively large molecules. As a result, adsorption of compounds having a wide range of molecular weights becomes possible.
- any carbon-containing material can be used as a carbon source.
- a usable carbon-containing material for example, synthetic resin or pitch can be used.
- synthetic resin a heat-fusible resin or a heat-infusible resin can be used.
- the hot-melt resin is a resin that is melted and decomposed with an increase in temperature when an activation treatment is performed without performing an infusibilization treatment, and is a resin from which activated carbon cannot be obtained.
- Activated carbon can be obtained by performing an infusibilizing treatment in advance and then performing an activation treatment.
- a heat-infusible resin is a resin that can be activated without performing the infusibilizing treatment, and the carbonization proceeds without melting with the rise in temperature, and activated carbon can be obtained.
- the infusibilization treatment is, for example, an oxidation treatment at 150 ° C. to 400 ° C. in an atmosphere containing oxygen, as described later.
- a typical example of the heat-fusible resin is a thermoplastic resin, and for example, a crosslinked vinyl resin can be used.
- a typical example of the heat-infusible resin is a thermosetting resin, such as a phenol resin or a furan resin. From among known thermoplastic resins or thermosetting resins, any thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin capable of forming a spherical body can be used. In the case where a surface-modified spherical activated carbon is obtained from a crosslinked vinyl resin, the above-mentioned infusibilization treatment is necessary.
- a spherical activated carbon is obtained from an ion exchange resin produced by adding a functional group to the crosslinked vinyl resin.
- the above-mentioned infusibilization treatment is unnecessary. This is considered to be due to the modification of the bridged vinyl resin from a heat-fusible resin to a heat-infusible resin by the functional group imparting treatment or the introduced functional groups.
- the carbon source in the present invention it is preferable to use an ion exchange resin, a crosslinked vinyl resin or a pitch, and it is more preferable to use an ion exchange resin or a crosslinked vinyl resin.
- a heat-infusible resin for example, an ion-exchange resin
- a conventional production method using pitches may be used.
- Substantially similar operations can be used. For example, first, a spherical body made of a heat-infusible resin is activated in a gas stream reactive with carbon (for example, steam or carbon dioxide) at a temperature of 700 to 1000 ° C. to obtain a spherical activated carbon. Can be obtained.
- activated carbon means a porous body obtained by subjecting a carbon precursor such as a spherical heat-infusible resin to a heat treatment and then performing an activation treatment.
- a carbon precursor such as a spherical heat-infusible resin
- spherical activated carbon having a specific surface area of 700 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 1300 m 2 / g or more, and particularly preferably 1650 m 2 / g or more is used. It is more preferable that the average particle diameter of the spherical body of the heat-infusible resin used as a starting material is about 70 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the spherical body made of the hot-melt resin is softened by heat treatment and deformed into a non-spherical shape.
- the softening is performed by performing an oxidation treatment at 150 ° C. to 400 ° C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere as an infusibilizing treatment before the activation treatment. Can be suppressed.
- a spherical activated carbon having an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 xm is prepared, for example, by the following method. be able to.
- a pitch such as a petroleum pitch or a coal pitch
- a two- or three-ring aromatic compound having a boiling point of 200 ° C. or more or a mixture thereof is added as an additive, heated and mixed, and then molded to obtain a pitch molded body.
- the size of the pitch molded body can be controlled by the diameter of the nose during extrusion molding or the grinding conditions of the pitch molded body. As the volume of the pitch formed body is smaller, a smaller spherical pitch can be produced, and a spherical activated carbon having a smaller particle diameter can be obtained.
- the pitch compact is dispersed in hot water at 50 to 120 ° C. with stirring, granulated to form microspheres, and then cooled to obtain a spherical pitch compact.
- the average particle diameter of the spherical pitch product is 6 0 ⁇ 350 ⁇ ⁇ mosquito
- 60 ⁇ 300 ⁇ 111 mosquitoes further preferably les, 0
- high for a and additives low ⁇ military degree to the pitch With a solvent having solubility, the added carotenant is extracted and removed from the spherical pitch molded body, and the obtained porous pitch is oxidized using an oxidizing agent to form an infusible porous pitch, which is not heat-resistant. If the fusible porous pitch is further treated in a gas stream reactive with carbon, for example steam or carbon dioxide gas, at a temperature of 800 to 1000 ° C., spherical activated carbon can be obtained.
- a gas stream reactive with carbon for example steam or carbon dioxide gas
- the purpose of the above-mentioned aromatic additive is to extract and remove the additive from the formed pitch molded body to make the molded body porous, to control the structure of the carbonaceous material by oxidation in a subsequent step, and to perform firing. To make it easier.
- Such additives are selected from, for example, one or a mixture of two or more aromatic compounds such as naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, phenylnaphthalene, benzylnaphthalene, methylanthracene, phenanthrene, and biphenyl.
- the amount added to the pitch is preferably in the range of 10 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the pitch.
- the mixing of the pitch and the additive is performed in a heated and molten state in order to achieve uniform mixing.
- the shaping may be performed in a molten state, or the mixture may be cooled and pulverized after cooling.
- the method of extruding a mixing pitch into a thread in the molten state, and thereafter cutting or pulverizing the same at regular intervals may be performed by particles. This is preferable because the diameter distribution can be controlled in a narrower range.
- the particle diameter can be controlled by the nose diameter when extruding the mixing pitch, and a small mixture molded article can be obtained by using a thin nozzle.
- Solvents for extracting and removing additives from a mixture of pitch and additives include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as butane, pentane, hexane, or heptane, naphtha, and kerosene. Mixtures mainly composed of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol are preferred.
- the additive By extracting the additive from the mixture of the pitch and the additive with such a solvent, the additive can be removed from the molded body while maintaining the shape of the molded body. At this time, it is presumed that holes for the additive are formed in the molded article, and a pitch molded article having uniform porosity is obtained.
- porous pitch-formed body is then subjected to infusibilization treatment, that is, oxidation treatment using an oxidizing agent, preferably at a temperature of 150 ° C. to 400 ° C., so that it is infusible to heat. It is a porous infusible pitch compact.
- infusibilization treatment that is, oxidation treatment using an oxidizing agent, preferably at a temperature of 150 ° C. to 400 ° C., so that it is infusible to heat. It is a porous infusible pitch compact.
- O oxidizing agent, or these as air
- a mixed gas diluted with nitrogen or the like can be used.
- fineness is controlled by controlling the amount and type of the aromatic additive and the precipitation conditions in the pitch.
- the pore volume can be controlled.
- the pore volume can be controlled.
- OmL / g can be prepared by the following method.
- Methods for preparing metal-containing spherical carbon include, for example, (1) addition to pitch, (2) impregnation to porous pitch, (3) impregnation to porous infusible pitch, (4) Examples of the method include impregnating the infusible pitch with the spherical carbon that has been heat-treated, or (5) impregnating the activated carbon with the activation treatment.
- the metal compound is added and impregnated by dissolving the metal compound with a solvent to form a metal compound solution. After adding and impregnating the carbon precursor, the solvent is removed by heating and evaporating to form a metal-containing pitch and a metal-containing spherical porous material.
- Pitch, metal-containing spherical porous infusible pitch, or metal-containing spherical activated carbon can be obtained.
- an air stream reactive with carbon for example, steam or carbonic acid Activated at 800 to 1000 ° C in a gas or a mixed gas containing these gases as main components to form porous metal-containing spherical activated carbon, and then remove the metal by acid washing Thereby, the above-mentioned spherical activated carbon can be obtained.
- the metal compound is impregnated on the spherical activated carbon
- the activation is performed again after the metal compound is impregnated on the spherical activated carbon, and the metal is removed by acid washing.
- any metal can be used as long as it has a catalytic effect in steam activation, and particularly preferably, cobalt, iron, nickel, or the like is used.
- a transition metal, a rare earth metal such as yttrium, a compound thereof, or a salt thereof can be used.
- the metal compound or compound salt for example, an inorganic compound such as a hydroxide, chloride, nitrate or sulfate containing the metal element, an organic salt such as an acetylacetone salt or an acetate salt; Organic-inorganic composite salts can be used.
- the amount of metal introduced into carbon is preferably such that the metal atom concentration in the carbonaceous material before activation is in the range of 0.001 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.000 to! 5% by weight.
- the washing treatment is performed to ensure sufficient purity of the spherical activated carbon for oral administration for safety, and the washing method is, for example, water or hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or hydrogen fluoride. It is necessary to remove metals by washing with an acidic solution such as an acid.
- the metal content in the spherical activated carbon after washing is preferably 150 ppm or less, more preferably 100 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 50 ppm or less.
- the spherical activated carbon obtained in this manner the oxygen content 0.1:! ⁇ 50 volume%, preferably:! ⁇ 30 volume%, particularly preferably under an atmosphere of 3 to 20 volume 0/0, 300-800. C, preferably at 320 to 600 ° C., and then reduced at 800 to 1200 ° C., preferably ⁇ 800 to: 1000 ° C. in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere.
- a surface-modified spherical activated carbon can be obtained.
- the surface-modified spherical activated carbon is a porous body obtained by subjecting the above-mentioned spherical activated carbon to the above-mentioned oxidation treatment and reduction treatment.
- the spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention does not need to carry out an oxidation step and a reduction step for supporting a functional group as a subsequent step. Can be used.
- the above-mentioned heat-infusible resin used as a starting material is a material capable of forming a spherical body, and does not melt or soften in heat treatment at a temperature of 500 ° C or lower, and is deformed in shape. It is important that there is no.
- the heat-fusible resin can be suitably used after being denatured by a so-called infusibilization treatment such as an oxidation treatment into a state in which molten oxidation can be avoided.
- the heat infusible resin used as a starting material desirably has a high carbonization yield by heat treatment. If the carbonization yield is low, the strength as a spherical activated carbon is weakened. In addition, since unnecessary pores are formed, the bulk density of the spherical activated carbon is reduced, and the specific surface area per volume is reduced. Therefore, there is a problem that the administration volume increases and oral administration becomes difficult. Therefore, the higher the carbonization yield of the heat-infusible resin, the more preferable the yield by heat treatment at 800 ° C. in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere is more preferably 30% by weight or more, more preferably 35% by weight. That is all.
- an ion-exchange resin is preferable because an adsorbent for oral administration having a high adsorptivity for a toxic substance to be removed can be produced.
- the ion-exchange resin is generally composed of a copolymer of dibielbenzene and styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, or methacrylic acid (that is, a crosslinked vinyl resin that is a hot-melt resin), and is basically composed of It has a structure in which an ion exchange group is bonded to a copolymer matrix having a three-dimensional network skeleton.
- the ion exchange resin includes a strongly acidic ion exchange resin having a sulfonic acid group, a weakly acidic ion exchange resin having a carboxylic acid group or a sulfonic acid group, and a strongly basic ion having a quaternary ammonium salt.
- Other special resins include so-called hybrid ion exchange resins having both acid and base ion exchange groups. In the present invention, all of these ion exchange resins can be used as raw materials.
- a pitch can be used as described above. It is desirable that the pitch used as a starting material has a high carbonization yield by heat treatment. If the carbonization yield is low, the strength of the spherical activated carbon becomes weak. Also, unnecessary pores are formed. As a result, the bulk density of the spherical activated carbon decreases, and the specific surface area per volume decreases, which causes a problem that the administration volume increases and oral administration becomes difficult. Therefore, the higher the carbonization yield of the pitch, the more preferable the value of the yield by heat treatment at 800 ° C. in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere, which is more preferable, is 50% by weight or more, more preferably 60% by weight or more.
- the crosslinked vinyl resin which is a heat-meltable resin, is softened and melted by heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere, resulting in a carbonization yield of less than 10%.
- a spherical carbonaceous material can be obtained with a high carbonization yield of 30% or more without softening and melting.
- the activation treatment in the same manner as in the case of the conductive resin, spherical activated carbon can be obtained.
- the crosslinked vinyl resin used as a starting material for example, a spherical polymer obtained by emulsion polymerization, bulk polymerization, or solution polymerization, or preferably a spherical polymer obtained by suspension polymerization can be used.
- a spherical polymer obtained by emulsion polymerization, bulk polymerization, or solution polymerization or preferably a spherical polymer obtained by suspension polymerization
- the pore formation of the resin is made possible by adding a porogen during polymerization.
- the surface area of the crosslinked vinyl resin required for uniformly infusifying the crosslinked vinyl resin is preferably 10 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 50 m 2 / g or more.
- an organic phase containing a vinyl monomer, a crosslinking agent, a porogen, and a polymerization initiator is added to an aqueous dispersion medium containing a dispersion stabilizer, and stirred.
- the monomer in the organic droplets is polymerized by heating, whereby a spherical crosslinked vinyl resin can be prepared.
- any vinyl-based monomer that can be molded into a spherical shape can be used.
- an aromatic vinyl-based monomer for example, styrene or a vinyl-based hydrogen or a phenyl-based hydrogen is substituted.
- Styrene derivatives or the power of a phenyl group instead of a compound in which a heterocyclic or polycyclic compound is bonded to a vinyl group.
- examples of the aromatic butyl-based monomer include one or j3 _ methylstyrene, one or ⁇ -ethylstyrene, methoxystyrene, phenylstyrene, or chlorostyrene, such as o_, m-, Or p-methylstyrene, Ethyl styrene, methoxy styrene, methyl silyl styrene, hydroxy styrene, chlorostyrene, cyano styrene, nitro styrene, amino styrene, canoleboxy styrene, some resins such as sulfoxy styrene, sodium styrene sulfonate, vinyl pyridine, vinyl Examples thereof include luthiophene, burpyrrolidone, burnaphthalene, buranthracene, and burbiphenyl.
- aliphatic butyl monomers can also be used, and specific examples thereof include butyl esters such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, diisobutylene, chloride butyl, acrylate, methacrylate, and butyl acetate.
- Butyl ketones such as butyl methyl ketone and burethyl ketone, bulaldehydes such as acrolein and metacrolein, or butyl ethers such as butyl methyl ether or vinyl acetyl ether,
- butyl nitriles such as diphenyl acrylonitrile and black acrylonitrile.
- any cross-linking agent that can be used for cross-linking the above-mentioned bullet-based monomer can be used, for example, divinylbenzene, divinylviridine, divinylintoluene, divinylnaphthalene, diarylphthalate.
- Ethylene glycol diatalylate ethylene glycol dimethylate, divinyl xylene, dibutyl ethyl benzene, divinyl sulfone, glycol or glycerol polybutyl or polyallyl ethers, pentaerythritol polyvinyl or polyallyl ethers, glycol mono Or polybier or polyallyl ether of dithio derivative, or polybutyl or polyallyl ether of resorcinol, divinyl ketone, divinyl sulfide, arino acrylate, diaryl maleate , Diaryl fumarate, diaryl succinate, diaryl carbonate, diaryl malonate, diaryl oxalate, diaryl adipate, diaryl sebasate, tri: r-linoletricananolenolate, Trilinolenitate, tri: rlinolecitrate, trilinolephosphato, N, N, 1-
- cross-linking agents examples include polybutyl aromatic hydrocarbons (eg, dibutyl benzene), glycol trimethatalylate (eg, ethylene glycol dimethatalylate), or polybutyl charcoal. Hydrogen (eg, triviercyclohexane). Divinylbenzene is most preferred because of its excellent thermal decomposition properties.
- Suitable porogens include alkynols having 4 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, n-butanol, sec-butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, decanol, or 4_methyl_2_pen. Alcohol) having at least 7 carbon atoms (for example, n-hexyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, methyl oleate, dibutyl sebasate, dibutyl adipate, or dibutyl carbonate), and having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Alkyl ketones eg, dibutyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone
- alkyl carboxylic acids eg, heptanoic acid
- aromatic hydrocarbons eg, toluene, xylene, or benzene
- higher saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons eg, hexane
- Heptane, or isooctane eg, Hexane
- cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons eg, Hexane
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and those generally used in this field can be used, but an oil-soluble polymerization initiator that is soluble in a polymerizable monomer is preferable. ,.
- the polymerization initiator include dialkyl peroxide, diacyl peroxide, peroxyster, peroxydicarbonate, and azo compound.
- dialkyl peroxides such as methylethyl peroxide, di-butyl peroxide, and dicumyl peroxide
- isobutyl peroxide benzoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichloro mouth benzoyl peroxide, 3,5 , 5 Dimethyl peroxides such as trimethylhexanolyl peroxide
- t-butyl peroxybivalate t-hexyl peroxybivalate, t-butyl peroxy neodecanoate, t-hexyl peroxy neo Decanoate
- (hi, hi Peroxyes such as 1-bis-1-neodecanoylperoxy) diisopropy
- the physical properties of the spherical activated carbon can be controlled in a variety of ways.
- the average particle size and particle size distribution of the resin depends on the size of the droplets in the aqueous phase, and the size of the droplets depends on the amount of the suspending agent, the number of rotations of the stirring, the shape of the stirring blade, or the aqueous phase. It can be controlled by the monomer ratio (the ratio of the amount of water to the amount of monomer).
- the droplets can be made smaller, and if the rotation speed of the stirring is increased, the droplets can be made smaller, and if the amount of the monomer in the aqueous phase is reduced, the droplets can be made smaller. It is preferable from the viewpoint that the heat of polymerization can be easily removed as much as possible without controlling the coalescence.However, if the monomer ratio is too small, the amount of monomer per batch will decrease, and the resulting synthesis The amount of resin decreases, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the pore volume and specific surface area can be controlled mainly by the amount and type of porogen when the controlled pore diameter is 10 nm or more, and when the controlled pore diameter is 10 nm or less. It can be controlled by activation conditions with steam.
- the microstructure of the spherical activated carbon can be controlled by the type of the resin, the type and amount of the crosslinking agent, the infusibilizing conditions, and / or the activation temperature.
- spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention (sometimes abbreviated as the "SSA") the specific surface area is prompted by a BET method is that 700 meters 2 / g or more.
- a spherical activated carbon having an SSA of less than 700 m 2 / g is preferable because the adsorption performance of toxic substances is reduced.
- SSA is preferably 1300 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 1650 m 2 / g or more.
- the upper limit of SSA is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of bulk density and strength, SSA is preferably 3000 m 2 Zg or less.
- the pore volume of the spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the pore volume at a pore diameter of 20 to 15000 nm according to the mercury intrusion method is preferably 0.01 to 1 mLZg, and more preferably 0.04 mL / g. It is lmL / g or less.
- the crushing strength of the spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention is preferably 10 N / particle or more, more preferably 25 N / particle or more, and particularly preferably 30 N / particle or more. Although the upper limit is not particularly limited, for example, about 80 N / particle is sufficient. If the crushing strength is less than 10 N / grain, it is not preferable because the possibility of crushing into powder due to handling or oral penetration increases. That is, it is known that oral administration of powdered activated carbon tends to cause a passage obstacle, and it is preferable to maintain a spherical shape.
- the physical properties of the spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention that is, the average particle size, bulk density, specific surface area, pore volume, particle size distribution, and compression strength are as follows. It measures by the method of.
- the measurement was performed according to the packing density measurement method of JIS K 1474-5.7.2.
- the specific surface area can be calculated by the following formula by measuring the gas adsorption amount of the spherical activated carbon sample using a specific surface area measuring device by gas adsorption method (for example, “ASAP2010” manufactured by MICROMERITICS). Specifically, a sample tube is filled with spherical activated carbon as a sample, dried under reduced pressure at 300 ° C., and the weight of the dried sample is measured. Next, cool the sample tube to 196 ° C, introduce nitrogen into the sample tube, allow the spherical activated carbon sample to adsorb nitrogen, and measure the relationship between the nitrogen partial pressure and the amount of adsorption (adsorption isotherm).
- a specific surface area measuring device for example, “ASAP2010” manufactured by MICROMERITICS.
- MA used the cross-sectional area of nitrogen molecule of 0.162 nm 2 .
- the specific surface area can be calculated by the Langmuir formula by measuring the gas adsorption amount of a spherical activated carbon sample using a specific surface area measuring device by gas adsorption method (for example, “ASAP2010” manufactured by MICROMERITICS). Specifically, the sample tube is filled with spherical activated carbon as a sample, dried at 300 ° C under reduced pressure, and the sample weight after drying is measured. Next, the sample tube is cooled to ⁇ 196 ° C., nitrogen is introduced into the sample tube, nitrogen is adsorbed on the spherical activated carbon sample, and the relationship between the nitrogen partial pressure and the adsorption amount (adsorption isotherm) is measured.
- a specific surface area measuring device for example, “ASAP2010” manufactured by MICROMERITICS.
- MA used the cross-sectional area of nitrogen molecule of 0.162 nm 2 .
- Density Conversion Factor 0.001547 (cm 3 liquid / cm3 ⁇ 4TP) (6) Pore volume by mercury intrusion method
- the pore volume can be measured using a mercury porosimeter (for example, “AUT @ PORE 9200” manufactured by MICROMERITICS).
- the surface tension of mercury is 484 dyne Zcm
- the contact angle between mercury and carbon is 130 degrees
- the pressure P is MPa
- the pore diameter D is xm
- D l. 27 / P
- the relationship between pressure P and pore diameter D is obtained from
- a pore volume in the range of pore diameter 7.5 to 15000 nm corresponds to the volume of mercury injected at a mercury injection pressure of 0.085 MPa to 169 MPa.
- the pore volume in the range of pore diameter 20 to! OOOnm corresponds to the volume of mercury injected at a mercury intrusion pressure of 1.27 MPa to 63.5 MPa.
- the spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention has a very small particle size, voids between sample particles filled in the sample container are also small. Therefore, in the above-described operation of measuring the pore volume by the mercury intrusion method, there is a stage in which mercury is injected into the interparticle gap. It behaves as if a pore of 15000 nm exists. The absence of pores having a pore diameter of 8000 to 15000 nm in the spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention can be confirmed, for example, by observation with an electron microscope. Therefore, in this specification, the “pore volume in the range of pore diameter 20 to 15000 nm” includes the amount of mercury injected into the interparticle gap.
- the number-based particle size distribution is measured, and the representative particle size 13 of the measured particle size class and the value of the number n in the measured particle size class are obtained, and the length average particle size D and the weight average are calculated by the following formulas.
- a powder hardness tester for example, a simple powder hardness tester manufactured by Tsutsui Physical and Chemical Instruments Co., Ltd.
- the spherical activated carbon used as the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention is excellent in adsorptivity of toxic substances in liver disease aggravating factors and renal diseases, and therefore, the adsorbent for oral administration for treatment or prevention of renal diseases. Or as an adsorbent for oral administration for the treatment or prevention of liver disease.
- Renal diseases include, for example, chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, chronic pyelonephritis, acute pyelonephritis, chronic nephritis, acute nephritis syndrome, acute progressive nephritis syndrome, chronic nephritis syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, renal sclerosis , Interstitial nephritis, renal tubulopathy, lipoid nephrosis, diabetic nephropathy, renal vascular hypertension, or hypertension syndrome, or secondary renal disease associated with the above primary disease, and mild renal failure before dialysis It can also be used to improve the condition of mild renal failure before dialysis or during dialysis (Clinical Nephrology, Asakura Shoten, Hyundai Nishio, Koiso Kenkichi, Kurokawa Kiyoshi, 1990 edition, and Gakuin, Medical Shoin, Teruo Omae, Satoshi Fujimi, 1981 edition).
- liver diseases include fulminant hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, autoimmune hepatitis, drug allergic liver injury, primary biliary cirrhosis, Mention may include tremor, encephalopathy, metabolic abnormalities, or functional abnormalities. In addition, it can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by harmful substances present in the body, ie, mental illness.
- the adsorbent for oral administration according to the present invention contains the above-mentioned spherical activated carbon as an active ingredient when used as a therapeutic agent for kidney disease.
- the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention is used as a therapeutic agent for renal disease or liver disease, its dosage depends on whether the subject is a human being or another animal, and depends on age and individual. In some cases, a dose outside the following range may be appropriate.However, in general, the oral dose for humans: 3 to 4 times daily! The dose may be adjusted according to the symptoms. Dosage forms may be powders, granules, tablets, dragees, capsules, suspensions, sticks, divided packages, emulsions, etc. Wear.
- enteric-coated capsules When taken as a capsule, enteric-coated capsules can be used, if necessary, in addition to ordinary gelatin. When used as a tablet, it must be released into the original microparticles in the body. Further, it can also be used in the form of a composite agent mixed with an electrolyte regulator such as aluminum gel ⁇ xylate, which is another drug.
- an electrolyte regulator such as aluminum gel ⁇ xylate
- Spherical activated carbon having an average particle size of 50 to 200 zm and a bulk density of less than 0.54 gZmL is a conventionally known spherical activated carbon (that is, an average particle size outside the range of 50 to 200 xm and / or bulk). It can be used as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for renal disease, or a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for liver disease, in the form of a mixture mixed with spherical activated carbon having a density of 0.54 g / mL or more or surface-modified spherical activated carbon).
- a spherical activated carbon having an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 zm and a bulk density of less than 0.54 g / mL and a conventionally known spherical activated carbon (that is, an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 zm) may be used.
- a conventionally known spherical activated carbon that is, an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 zm
- / or bulk density of 0.54 g / mL or more spherical activated carbon or surface-modified spherical activated carbon can be used as a therapeutic or preventive agent for renal disease or a therapeutic or preventive agent for liver disease .
- spherical porous synthetic resin 100 g was charged into a reaction tube with a perforated plate, and infusibilized in a vertical tubular furnace.
- the infusibilizing conditions are as follows. Then, the temperature was raised to 260 ° C at 5 ° C / h, and the temperature was maintained at 260 ° C for 4 hours to obtain a spherical porous oxide resin. After heat-treating the spherical porous oxide resin at 600 ° C for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere, an activation treatment was performed for 10 hours at 820 ° C in a nitrogen gas atmosphere containing 64.5vol% steam using a fluidized bed. A spherical activated carbon was obtained.
- Fig. 1 shows a micrograph of the obtained spherical activated carbon. Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- Spherical activated carbon was obtained by repeating the procedure of Example 1 except that the two-phase system was stirred at 100 rpm instead of stirring at 200 rpm. Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- Spherical activated carbon was obtained by repeating the procedure of Example 1 except that the two-phase system was stirred at 150 rpm instead of stirring at 200 rpm. Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- Example 1 a spherical activated carbon was obtained by repeating the operation of Example 1 except that the two-phase system was stirred at 300 rpm instead of stirring at 200 rpm. Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- Example 1 a spherical activated carbon was obtained by repeating the operation of Example 1 except that the activation treatment time was changed to 6 hours instead of 10 hours. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- Example 1 a spherical activated carbon was obtained by repeating the operation of Example 1 except that the activation treatment time was changed to 13 hours instead of 10 hours. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- a 80 liter petroleum pitch with a softening point of 210 ° C, a quinoline insoluble content of 1% by weight or less, an HZC atomic ratio of 0.63, and 320 g of naphthalene were charged into a 3 liter pressure-resistant vessel equipped with stirring blades. After melt-mixing at 180 ° C., the mixture was cooled to 140 ° C .: 160 ° C. and extruded with a 0.5 mm nozzle to obtain a cord-like molded body.
- this cord-like molded product was crushed, and a fraction having an aperture of ⁇ 200 / im was collected with a sieve, and the obtained crushed product was 0.23% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (a saponification degree of 88%).
- Is dissolved in an aqueous solution and dispersed by stirring at 95 ° C for 50 minutes to form a spheroid.After cooling to 40 ° C in 90 minutes, solidification of the pitch and precipitation of naphthalene crystals are performed to form a spherical pitch compact slurry.
- naphthalene in the pitch compact was extracted and removed with n-hexane about 6 times the weight of the spherical pitch compact.
- the porous spherical pitch thus obtained is heated to 235 ° C using a fluidized bed while passing heated air, is oxidized by holding at 235 ° C for 1 hour, and is infused with heat.
- the resulting porous spherical oxide pitch was obtained.
- the porous spherical oxide pitch was activated in a nitrogen gas atmosphere containing 64.5 vol% of steam at 900 ° C. for 174 minutes using a fluidized bed to obtain a spherical activated carbon. Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- 0.23% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification) (88%) was dissolved in an aqueous solution, and spheroidized by stirring and dispersing.Then, the aqueous solution was cooled by replacing it with water and cooled at 20 ° C for 3 hours to solidify the pitch and precipitate naphthalene crystals. Then, a spherical pitch compact slurry was obtained. After removing most of the water by filtration, naphthalene in the pitch compact was extracted and removed with about 6 times the weight of n-hexane of the spherical pitch compact.
- the porous spherical pitch thus obtained was heated to 235 ° C using a fluidized bed while passing heated air, oxidized by holding at 235 ° C for 1 hour, and unheated.
- a fusible porous spherical oxide pitch was obtained.
- An activation treatment was performed at 820 ° C. for 400 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere containing water vapor of / 0 to obtain spherical activated carbon.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- Comparative Example 3 The spherical activated carbon obtained in Comparative Example 2 was further oxidized in a fluidized bed at 470 ° C. for 3 hours and 15 minutes in a mixed gas atmosphere of nitrogen and oxygen having an oxygen concentration of 18.5 vol%, and then placed in a fluidized bed. Reduction treatment was performed at 900 ° C for 17 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere to obtain surface-modified spherical activated carbon. Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained surface-modified spherical activated carbon.
- Spherical activated carbon was obtained by repeating the procedure of Example 1 except that the two-phase system was stirred at 80 rpm instead of stirring at 200 rpm. Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- Example 1 activated carbon was obtained by repeating the operation of Example 1 except that the spherical activated carbon obtained by the activation was ground by a rod mill for 10 seconds. Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained activated carbon.
- a spherical activated carbon was obtained by repeating the operation of Example 7 except that the activation treatment was performed at 820 ° C. for 13.5 hours instead of the activation treatment at 820 ° C.
- Table 2 shows the properties of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- a spherical activated carbon was obtained by repeating the operation of Example 7 except that the activation treatment was performed at 820 ° C. for 13.5 hours instead of the activation treatment at 820 ° C. in Example 7 described above.
- Table 2 shows the properties of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- a surface-modified spherical activated carbon was obtained by repeating the operation of Example 8 except that the two-phase system was stirred at 150 rpm instead of stirring at 200 rpm.
- Table 2 shows the properties of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- Example 7 in place of performing the activation treatment at 820 ° C. for 13.5 hours, except for performing the activation treatment for 6 hours, the operation of Example 7 was repeated to obtain the surface-modified spherical activated carbon. Obtained. Table 2 shows the properties of the obtained surface-modified spherical activated carbon.
- Example 7 the operation of Example 7 was repeated except that the activation treatment was performed for 5 hours instead of performing the activation treatment at 820 ° C. for 13.5 hours, whereby the surface-modified spherical activated carbon was obtained. Obtained.
- Table 2 shows the properties of the obtained surface-modified spherical activated carbon.
- a surface-modified spherical activated carbon was obtained by repeating the procedure of Example 8 except that the two-phase system was stirred at 75 rpm instead of stirring at 200 rpm.
- Table 2 shows the properties of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- a spherical phenolic resin (trade name: Marilyn HF500; Gunei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is sieved to remove fine powder, and 150 g of the spherical phenolic resin is perforated with a quartz vertical reaction tube. , And kept at 700 ° C for 1 hour under a nitrogen gas flow, allowed to cool, washed with deionized exchange water, and dried to obtain a spherical carbonaceous material. The spherical carbonaceous material was activated at 820 ° C. for 6 hours in a nitrogen gas atmosphere containing 64.5 vol% of steam using a fluidized bed to obtain a spherical activated carbon. Table 2 shows the properties of the obtained spherical activated carbon.
- the pore volume of each of the spherical activated carbon and the surface-modified spherical activated carbon obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples was determined by the mercury intrusion method described above.
- the sample was filled into a 50 mL measuring cylinder until the volume reached 50 mL, and after tapping 50 times, the sample weight was divided by the volume to obtain the bulk density.
- the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the measured values obtained by this method are completely different from the measured values obtained by the packing density measurement method of JIS K 1474-5.7.2 within the significant figures shown in Tables 1 and 2. Did not.
- the force required to crush one spherical activated carbon sample is measured using a powder hardness tester (for example, a simple powder hardness tester manufactured by Tsutsui Physical and Chemical Instruments Co., Ltd.). Specifically, one spherical activated carbon sample is sandwiched between two plates (when necessary, the sample particles are fixed with double-sided tape), and while applying a load, the force at which the sample particles break is measured. Since the crushing strength increases as the particle diameter increases, particles with an average particle diameter Dv50 of 200 x m or more were used as clogged sieves with an opening of 425 zm.
- a powder hardness tester for example, a simple powder hardness tester manufactured by Tsutsui Physical and Chemical Instruments Co., Ltd.
- the same operation is performed using a phosphate buffer of pH 7.4, and the filtrate is used as a correction solution.
- a phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 used as a control, and conduct the test by the absorbance measurement method, and measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 282 nm. The difference between the absorbance of the sample solution and the absorbance of the correction solution is defined as the test absorbance.
- the calibration curve was obtained by accurately dispensing the raw amylase stock solution in OmL, 25mL, 50mL, 75mL, and lOOmL into a volumetric flask, making up to lOOmL with pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, and increasing the wavelength. It was created by measuring the absorbance at 282 nm.
- the dry sample (0.1 Olg) was accurately measured and placed in a stoppered Erlenmeyer flask.
- an aqueous indole solution (indole concentration: 100 mg / L) prepared by pouring a phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 and dissolving the solution into the Erlenmeyer flask with a stoppered stopper, and shake at 40 ° C using a shaker. Shake for 3 hours.
- Example 1 Comparative example 1, and Comparative example Variation of adsorption rate when shaking time is changed for spherical activated carbon obtained in 2 was investigated.
- spherical activated carbon or surface-modified activated carbon sample After drying the spherical activated carbon or surface-modified activated carbon sample, weigh the dry sample (0.1 Olg) and place it in a stoppered Erlenmeyer flask. Add 50 mL of an aqueous solution of tributanphan (100 mg / L tributophan) prepared by dissolving a phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4 into a triangular flask with a stopper and use a shaker at 40 ° C. Shake time. After shaking, the contents of Ferrasco were filtered, and the filtrate was measured for ultraviolet absorbance (280 nm) to calculate the adsorbed amount of tributophan. Table 2 shows the results.
- Example 6 pitch 94 88 109 1.23 2252 1853 0.50 0.15 0.21 2.3 420 210 281 3.42 (6.58)
- Adsorption amount Adsorption amount ngZg (/ m) (m 2 / g) (m 2 / g) (niL / g) (mL / g) (mg / g)
- Example 8 103 2520 2050 0.49 0.03 0.06 0.18> 40 378 318 1.7
- Example 9 103 2070 1680 0.53 0.03 0.06 0.17> 40 365 307 1.6
- the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention can be used as a power for use as an adsorbent for oral administration for treatment or prevention of renal diseases, or as an adsorbent for treatment or prevention of liver diseases.
- Renal diseases include, for example, chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, chronic pyelonephritis, acute pyelonephritis, chronic nephritis, acute nephritis syndrome, acute progressive nephritis syndrome, chronic nephritis syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, renal sclerosis , Interstitial nephritis, renal tubulopathy, lipoid nephrosis, diabetic nephropathy, renal vascular hypertension, or hypertension syndrome, or secondary renal disease associated with the above primary disease, and mild renal failure before dialysis It can also be used to improve the condition of mild renal failure before dialysis or during dialysis (Clinical Nephrology, Asakura Shoten, Hyundai Nishio, Koiso Kenkichi, Kurokawa Kiyoshi, 1990 edition, and Gakuin, Medical Shoin, Teruo Omae, Satoshi Fujimi, 1981 edition).
- liver diseases include fulminant hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, autoimmune hepatitis, drug allergic liver injury, primary biliary cirrhosis, Mention may include tremor, encephalopathy, metabolic abnormalities, or functional abnormalities. In addition, it can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by harmful substances present in the body, ie, mental illness.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020067020458A KR101183044B1 (ko) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-04-04 | 경구 투여용 흡착제 및 신질환 치료 또는 예방제 및 간질환치료 또는 예방제 |
| US11/547,003 US8440228B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-04-04 | Adsorbent for an oral administration, and agent for treating or preventing renal or liver disease |
| CA2561730A CA2561730C (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-04-04 | Adsorbent for an oral administration, and agent for treating or preventing renal or liver disease |
| JP2006511862A JP4805144B2 (ja) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-04-04 | 経口投与用吸着剤、並びに腎疾患治療又は予防剤、及び肝疾患治療又は予防剤 |
| CN2005800103666A CN1938037B (zh) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-04-04 | 口服给药用吸附剂、肾病治疗或预防剂、及肝病治疗或预防剂 |
| EP05728869A EP1745792A4 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-04-04 | ADSORBENT FOR ORAL ADMINISTRATION, PREVENTIVE OR REMEDY FOR RENAL AND PREVENTIVE DISEASE OR REMEDY FOR HEPATIC DISEASE |
| US13/776,653 US8518447B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2013-02-25 | Method for treating or preventing renal or liver disease |
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| JP2004110575 | 2004-04-02 | ||
| JP2004-110575 | 2004-04-02 |
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| US11/547,003 A-371-Of-International US8440228B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-04-04 | Adsorbent for an oral administration, and agent for treating or preventing renal or liver disease |
| US13/776,653 Continuation US8518447B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2013-02-25 | Method for treating or preventing renal or liver disease |
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| WO2005094844A1 true WO2005094844A1 (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
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| US (2) | US8440228B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1745792A4 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP4805144B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101183044B1 (ja) |
| CN (2) | CN103070882A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2561730C (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2396964C2 (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2005094844A1 (ja) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008021378A1 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2008-02-21 | Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. | Use of adsborbent carbon microspheres to treat intestinal bacterial infections |
| WO2012050025A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-04-19 | フタムラ化学株式会社 | 医薬用吸着剤及びその製造方法 |
| WO2014129614A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | 株式会社クレハ | 経口投与用吸着剤並びに腎疾患治療剤及び肝疾患治療剤 |
| WO2014129617A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | 株式会社クレハ | 経口投与用吸着剤並びに腎疾患治療剤及び肝疾患治療剤 |
| WO2014129616A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | 株式会社クレハ | 経口投与用吸着剤並びに腎疾患治療剤及び肝疾患治療剤 |
| JP2016014057A (ja) * | 2010-10-12 | 2016-01-28 | フタムラ化学株式会社 | 経口投与用医薬用吸着剤の製造方法 |
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- 2005-04-04 JP JP2006511862A patent/JP4805144B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-04 KR KR1020067020458A patent/KR101183044B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-04 EP EP05728869A patent/EP1745792A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-04-04 RU RU2006138608/15A patent/RU2396964C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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| WO2008021378A1 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2008-02-21 | Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. | Use of adsborbent carbon microspheres to treat intestinal bacterial infections |
| RU2627464C2 (ru) * | 2010-10-12 | 2017-08-08 | Футамура Кагаку Кабусики Кайся | Медицинский адсорбент и способ его получения |
| JP2012102072A (ja) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-05-31 | Futamura Chemical Co Ltd | 医薬用吸着剤及びその製造方法 |
| JP2016014057A (ja) * | 2010-10-12 | 2016-01-28 | フタムラ化学株式会社 | 経口投与用医薬用吸着剤の製造方法 |
| WO2012050025A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-04-19 | フタムラ化学株式会社 | 医薬用吸着剤及びその製造方法 |
| WO2014129614A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | 株式会社クレハ | 経口投与用吸着剤並びに腎疾患治療剤及び肝疾患治療剤 |
| WO2014129617A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | 株式会社クレハ | 経口投与用吸着剤並びに腎疾患治療剤及び肝疾患治療剤 |
| WO2014129616A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | 株式会社クレハ | 経口投与用吸着剤並びに腎疾患治療剤及び肝疾患治療剤 |
| JPWO2014129614A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2017-02-02 | 株式会社クレハ | 経口投与用吸着剤並びに腎疾患治療剤及び肝疾患治療剤 |
| JPWO2014129617A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2017-02-02 | 株式会社クレハ | 経口投与用吸着剤並びに腎疾患治療剤及び肝疾患治療剤 |
| RU2632432C2 (ru) * | 2013-02-22 | 2017-10-04 | Куреха Корпорейшн | Перорально вводимый адсорбент, терапевтическое средство при заболевании почек и терапевтическое средство при заболевании печени |
| US9877987B2 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2018-01-30 | Kureha Corporation | Orally administered adsorbent, therapeutic agent for renal disease, and therapeutic agent for liver disease |
| JP2019107642A (ja) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-07-04 | フタムラ化学株式会社 | 吸着剤の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20130171206A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
| EP1745792A4 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
| JPWO2005094844A1 (ja) | 2008-02-14 |
| US8440228B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 |
| RU2396964C2 (ru) | 2010-08-20 |
| KR101183044B1 (ko) | 2012-09-20 |
| CA2561730C (en) | 2014-07-08 |
| CN1938037A (zh) | 2007-03-28 |
| US20080044477A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
| TWI370012B (en) | 2012-08-11 |
| TW200536604A (en) | 2005-11-16 |
| JP2005314415A (ja) | 2005-11-10 |
| JP4805144B2 (ja) | 2011-11-02 |
| JP3865399B2 (ja) | 2007-01-10 |
| CN1938037B (zh) | 2013-09-11 |
| EP1745792A1 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
| CA2561730A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
| RU2006138608A (ru) | 2008-05-10 |
| US8518447B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
| KR20060135011A (ko) | 2006-12-28 |
| CN103070882A (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
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