ATE279121T1 - Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes speiseeis - Google Patents

Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes speiseeis

Info

Publication number
ATE279121T1
ATE279121T1 AT00910745T AT00910745T ATE279121T1 AT E279121 T1 ATE279121 T1 AT E279121T1 AT 00910745 T AT00910745 T AT 00910745T AT 00910745 T AT00910745 T AT 00910745T AT E279121 T1 ATE279121 T1 AT E279121T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
strength
modulus
original
delta
ice cream
Prior art date
Application number
AT00910745T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Adrian Daniel
Andrew Hoddle
Anabela Jones
Jon Richard Oldroyd
Scott Singleton
Original Assignee
Unilever Nv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB9905524A external-priority patent/GB9905524D0/en
Application filed by Unilever Nv filed Critical Unilever Nv
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE279121T1 publication Critical patent/ATE279121T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/38—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/327—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the fatty product used, e.g. fat, fatty acid, fatty alcohol, their esters, lecithin, glycerides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/42—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing plants or parts thereof, e.g. fruits, seeds, extracts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/44—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by shape, structure or physical form
    • A23G9/46—Aerated, foamed, cellular or porous products

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
  • Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
  • Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
AT00910745T 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes speiseeis ATE279121T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9905524A GB9905524D0 (en) 1999-03-10 1999-03-10 Ice confection
EP99305842 1999-07-23
PCT/EP2000/001757 WO2000053026A1 (en) 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Ice confection

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE279121T1 true ATE279121T1 (de) 2004-10-15

Family

ID=26153552

Family Applications (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT00910746T ATE279864T1 (de) 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes speiseeis
AT00907659T ATE296037T1 (de) 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes schaumwassereis
AT04002847T ATE362711T1 (de) 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes speiseeis
AT00918753T ATE228311T1 (de) 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Verwendung von gefrierschutzproteinen in speiseeis
AT00910745T ATE279121T1 (de) 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes speiseeis
AT00914099T ATE279122T1 (de) 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes speiseeis

Family Applications Before (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT00910746T ATE279864T1 (de) 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes speiseeis
AT00907659T ATE296037T1 (de) 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes schaumwassereis
AT04002847T ATE362711T1 (de) 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes speiseeis
AT00918753T ATE228311T1 (de) 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Verwendung von gefrierschutzproteinen in speiseeis

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT00914099T ATE279122T1 (de) 1999-03-10 2000-03-02 Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes speiseeis

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (5) US6565908B1 (de)
EP (6) EP1158864B1 (de)
CN (5) CN1142721C (de)
AT (6) ATE279864T1 (de)
AU (5) AU767157B2 (de)
BR (5) BR0008885B1 (de)
CA (5) CA2363245C (de)
DE (6) DE60000864T2 (de)
DK (4) DK1158865T3 (de)
ES (6) ES2286519T3 (de)
IL (10) IL145157A0 (de)
PT (5) PT1158864E (de)
TR (5) TR200102600T2 (de)
WO (5) WO2000053026A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997002343A1 (en) 1995-07-05 1997-01-23 Unilever Plc Expression of ocean fish antifreeze peptide in a food grade organism and its application in food products
GB9801410D0 (en) * 1998-01-22 1998-03-18 Unilever Plc Frozen food product
TR200102600T2 (tr) * 1999-03-10 2002-03-21 Unilever N.V. Dondurma.
US6713101B2 (en) * 2001-05-01 2004-03-30 Nestec S.A. Frozen dessert novelty and method for its preparation
US20030049304A1 (en) * 2001-08-29 2003-03-13 Somani Jitendra Krishan Quiescently frozen ice products
US7615245B2 (en) 2003-04-11 2009-11-10 Cargill, Incorporated Pellet systems for preparing beverages
US7655265B2 (en) * 2003-07-07 2010-02-02 Nestec S.A. Process control scheme for cooling and heating compressible compounds
US7261913B2 (en) * 2003-07-07 2007-08-28 Dreyer's Ice Cream, Inc. Aerated frozen suspension with adjusted creaminess and scoop ability based on stress-controlled generation of superfine microstructures
US20050048177A1 (en) * 2003-08-22 2005-03-03 Reardon Daniel J. Frozen food item and mold system and method therefor
US7155810B2 (en) * 2003-09-30 2007-01-02 Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands, B.V. Method for fabricating a magnetic head
WO2005058058A1 (en) * 2003-12-10 2005-06-30 Unilever Plc Frozen confectionery product comprising ice structuring proteins
US20050276886A1 (en) * 2004-06-12 2005-12-15 Bobby Joe Micro wave ice cream
US20060029709A1 (en) * 2004-08-06 2006-02-09 Cool Frootz, Llc Masticated frozen confection material
ES2428506T3 (es) * 2004-12-23 2013-11-08 Unilever N.V. Dulces aireados congelados
TWI382918B (zh) * 2005-04-19 2013-01-21 Sulzer Chemtech Ag 液態聚矽氧烷橡膠之發泡成形的聚合物元件之製法
AU2006201781B8 (en) 2005-07-14 2008-05-15 Unilever Plc Low fat frozen confectionery product
US8050232B2 (en) * 2005-07-25 2011-11-01 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Handover optimisation in a WLAN radio access network
CA2616276C (en) 2005-09-23 2014-03-18 Unilever Plc Aerated products with reduced creaming
ES2317579T3 (es) 2005-09-23 2009-04-16 Unilever N.V. Productos aireados de ph bajo.
US20070110855A1 (en) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-17 Mosey Thomas R Cup with Self Contained Utensil for Cryogenically Frozen Dessert Particles
CN101370389A (zh) * 2005-12-14 2009-02-18 荷兰联合利华有限公司 冰糖
ATE394935T1 (de) 2005-12-21 2008-05-15 Unilever Nv Gefrorene belüftete süssspeisen
EP1978819B1 (de) * 2006-01-31 2009-08-12 Unilever PLC Mit luft durchsetztes erzeugnis
MX2009000555A (es) * 2006-07-17 2009-01-27 Nestec Sa Productos alimenticios saludables bajos en calorias y bajos en grasas.
ES2553552T3 (es) * 2006-07-17 2015-12-10 Nestec S.A. Espuma estable y procedimiento para su fabricación
WO2008009617A1 (en) * 2006-07-17 2008-01-24 Nestec S.A. Products containing smart foam and method of making
MY149295A (en) * 2006-07-17 2013-08-30 Nestec Sa Cylindrical membrane apparatus for forming foam
ATE443451T1 (de) 2006-08-07 2009-10-15 Unilever Nv Eiskonfekt
EP1886579B1 (de) * 2006-08-07 2009-09-23 Unilever PLC Eiskonfekt
FR2906688B1 (fr) * 2006-10-09 2012-04-20 Lavisse Isabelle Desjardins Procede d'obtention d'un produit subissant a la fois une gazeification et une surgelation
DE602007011020D1 (de) 2006-10-19 2011-01-20 Unilever Nv Tiefgekühlte belüftete Süßwaren und Herstellungsverfahren dafür
ATE550948T1 (de) * 2006-10-20 2012-04-15 Nestec Sa Eisstrukturierende peptiden aus milch
CN101918437B (zh) 2007-11-21 2013-08-14 罗斯基勒大学 具有冰结合活性的多肽
ES2390201T3 (es) * 2007-11-30 2012-11-07 Unilever N.V. Producto congelado y procedimiento para su producción
ES2388982T3 (es) 2008-04-11 2012-10-22 Unilever N.V. Confitura helada
ES2411430T3 (es) * 2008-06-05 2013-07-05 Unilever N.V. Productos de confitería helados
ES2395224T3 (es) 2008-12-16 2013-02-11 Unilever Nv Procedimiento para extraer hidrofobina de una disolución
BR112012030149B1 (pt) 2010-06-03 2018-03-13 Unilever N.V. Confeito gelado, produto de confeitaria congelado, processo de fabricação do confeito gelado, método para reduzir a formação de espuma na produção de um confeito gelado e uso de uma combinação de goma de alfarroba e goma xantana
DK2587933T3 (en) * 2010-06-30 2015-07-13 Svaneke Is Ipr Aps A process for producing a frozen dairy product.
EP2596706A4 (de) * 2010-08-26 2015-01-28 Nichirei Foods Inc Verfahren zur erhöhung einer wärmehysterese-aktivität, verfahren zur verminderung der thermischen inaktivierung einer wärmehysterese-aktivität und zusammensetzung zur erhöhung einer wärmehysterese-aktivität
US8771778B2 (en) 2010-09-09 2014-07-08 Frito-Lay Trading Company, Gmbh Stabilized foam
EA023709B1 (ru) * 2010-10-04 2016-07-29 Унилевер Н.В. Способ получения пищевого газового гидрата
WO2013001074A1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Svaneke Is Aps Process for the preparation of a frozen dairy-based product
EA026262B9 (ru) * 2011-07-11 2017-08-31 Унилевер Н.В. Замороженный кондитерский продукт с гелевым покрытием
MX2015014080A (es) * 2013-04-08 2015-12-11 Unilever Nv Confiteria congelada y proceso para la fabricacion de confiteria congelada.
RU2554436C1 (ru) * 2014-05-07 2015-06-27 Олег Иванович Квасенков Способ производства мороженого "морозко" пломбира (варианты)
US10729155B2 (en) 2014-05-08 2020-08-04 Conopco, Inc. Method for manufacturing a frozen confection
US11110176B2 (en) 2016-11-25 2021-09-07 The Board Of Trustees Of The California State University Composition and method for the protection of proteins, cell components and cells during temperature stress
CN107349994A (zh) * 2017-07-25 2017-11-17 中南林业科技大学 一种柔性碾米方法
US12274272B1 (en) * 2019-03-15 2025-04-15 Eclipse Foods Co. Functionalized non-dairy base and method for producing non-dairy analogs

Family Cites Families (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1050213A (de) * 1900-01-01
US2909433A (en) * 1957-04-10 1959-10-20 Union Stock Yard & Transit Co Chicago Method of preparing and handling ice cream, sherbet, ices and the like
DK94299C (da) 1960-06-16 1962-09-10 Grindstedvaerket As Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en luftholdig fedtfri spiseis.
US3460713A (en) * 1967-11-09 1969-08-12 Cornelius Co Method of dispensing a refrigerated beverage
US3642174A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-02-15 Cornelius Co Method and apparatus for dispensing a semifrozen comestible
NL7009789A (de) * 1970-07-02 1972-01-04
US3969531A (en) * 1971-07-26 1976-07-13 The Cornelius Company Method for dispensing a semi-frozen comestible
JPS60226588A (ja) * 1984-04-24 1985-11-11 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd 酵素修飾蛋白質系不凍剤
GB8511702D0 (en) * 1985-05-09 1985-06-19 Unilever Nv Producing ice confection product
US4826656A (en) * 1987-02-24 1989-05-02 Pioneer Potato Company, Inc. Soft-frozen water ices
US5118792A (en) * 1989-05-10 1992-06-02 Dna Plant Technology Corporation Ice crystal growth suppression polypeptides and method of making
ATE268815T1 (de) * 1991-06-13 2004-06-15 Microstar Biotech Inc Kältetoleranz bei pflanzen
US5852172A (en) * 1991-06-13 1998-12-22 University Of Waterloo Cold tolerances in plants
US5620732A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-04-15 The Pillsbury Company Method of making ice cream
JPH11510375A (ja) 1995-06-30 1999-09-14 コベンハブンズ ユニバーサイテッド ペプチド−mhc複合体を指向するファージディスプレイライブラリーからの組換え抗体
WO1997002343A1 (en) * 1995-07-05 1997-01-23 Unilever Plc Expression of ocean fish antifreeze peptide in a food grade organism and its application in food products
EP0843010A1 (de) * 1996-11-19 1998-05-20 Unilever Plc Frostschutzpolypeptide aus Karotte
ATE240659T1 (de) * 1996-07-26 2003-06-15 Unilever Nv Gefrorene nahrungsmittel mit peptid gefrierschutzmitteln
EP0959689B1 (de) 1996-07-26 2007-01-17 Unilever N.V. Gefrorene süsswaren
EP0924990B1 (de) * 1996-07-26 2006-06-28 Unilever N.V. Gefrorene nahrungsmittel mit peptid-gefrierschutzmitteln
GB2315662A (en) * 1996-07-26 1998-02-11 Unilever Plc Antifreeze peptides in frozen foods
CA2261994C (en) 1996-07-26 2009-02-03 Unilever Plc Frozen food product containing heat stable antifreeze protein
JP3410739B2 (ja) * 1997-03-14 2003-05-26 ユニリーバー・ナームローゼ・ベンノートシャープ 凍結食品
WO1998041109A1 (en) * 1997-03-14 1998-09-24 Unilever N.V. Frozen food product containing anti-freeze peptides
GB2328136A (en) * 1997-08-13 1999-02-17 Unilever Plc Preparation of frozen foods containing antifreeze peptides
GB9801410D0 (en) 1998-01-22 1998-03-18 Unilever Plc Frozen food product
GB9801966D0 (en) * 1998-01-29 1998-03-25 Unilever Plc Water ice product and process of manufacture
US5968582A (en) * 1998-02-20 1999-10-19 Nestec S.A. Molded frozen bar
US6098867A (en) * 1998-03-17 2000-08-08 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Automated brush fluxing system for application of controlled amount of flux to packages
TR200102600T2 (tr) * 1999-03-10 2002-03-21 Unilever N.V. Dondurma.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1158865B8 (de) 2004-12-15
ES2286519T3 (es) 2007-12-01
ATE279864T1 (de) 2004-11-15
EP1158862A1 (de) 2001-12-05
CN1142720C (zh) 2004-03-24
CA2363245A1 (en) 2000-09-14
IL145154A (en) 2006-12-31
US6503548B1 (en) 2003-01-07
ATE279122T1 (de) 2004-10-15
IL145156A0 (en) 2002-06-30
DE60020339T8 (de) 2006-08-24
ATE362711T1 (de) 2007-06-15
WO2000053028A9 (en) 2001-10-25
CA2363243A1 (en) 2000-09-14
CN1350432A (zh) 2002-05-22
EP1158866B1 (de) 2002-11-27
BR0008885B1 (pt) 2013-02-05
CA2363241C (en) 2010-09-07
IL145158A (en) 2006-10-31
US6447829B1 (en) 2002-09-10
CN1142719C (zh) 2004-03-24
PT1158862E (pt) 2005-09-30
DE60034970T2 (de) 2008-02-21
DE60014866T2 (de) 2005-06-30
US6436460B1 (en) 2002-08-20
CN1129369C (zh) 2003-12-03
ES2230075T3 (es) 2005-05-01
WO2000053025A1 (en) 2000-09-14
WO2000053029A1 (en) 2000-09-14
EP1158866A1 (de) 2001-12-05
EP1158862B1 (de) 2005-05-25
EP1158864A1 (de) 2001-12-05
ES2243234T3 (es) 2005-12-01
TR200102596T2 (tr) 2001-12-21
AU765323B2 (en) 2003-09-18
IL145154A0 (en) 2002-06-30
EP1158863A1 (de) 2001-12-05
BR0008888B1 (pt) 2013-03-19
IL145157A (en) 2006-10-31
DE60000864D1 (de) 2003-01-09
CN1350429A (zh) 2002-05-22
BR0008887A (pt) 2001-12-18
EP1158863B1 (de) 2004-10-13
CA2362725C (en) 2009-01-06
DK1158866T3 (da) 2003-03-03
DK1158865T3 (da) 2005-01-31
EP1158864B1 (de) 2004-10-20
PT1158865E (pt) 2005-01-31
US6565908B1 (en) 2003-05-20
DE60014865D1 (de) 2004-11-18
BR0008887B1 (pt) 2013-05-21
BR0008886B1 (pt) 2014-11-25
IL145156A (en) 2006-10-31
DE60034970D1 (de) 2007-07-05
AU2917200A (en) 2000-09-28
TR200102600T2 (tr) 2002-03-21
AU765718B2 (en) 2003-09-25
CN1350431A (zh) 2002-05-22
PT1158866E (pt) 2003-03-31
DK1158862T3 (da) 2005-08-29
TR200102599T2 (tr) 2001-12-21
CN1142722C (zh) 2004-03-24
DE60015093D1 (de) 2004-11-25
EP1158865B1 (de) 2004-10-13
CN1350430A (zh) 2002-05-22
CA2363245C (en) 2010-08-31
IL145157A0 (en) 2002-06-30
BR0008889A (pt) 2001-12-26
CA2363239A1 (en) 2000-09-14
BR0008885A (pt) 2001-12-26
WO2000053026A1 (en) 2000-09-14
ATE296037T1 (de) 2005-06-15
CN1358066A (zh) 2002-07-10
WO2000053027A1 (en) 2000-09-14
TR200102598T2 (tr) 2001-12-21
EP1417892A1 (de) 2004-05-12
DE60000864T2 (de) 2003-04-10
WO2000053028A1 (en) 2000-09-14
ATE228311T1 (de) 2002-12-15
IL145158A0 (en) 2002-06-30
AU3960200A (en) 2000-09-28
BR0008888A (pt) 2001-12-18
EP1417892B1 (de) 2007-05-23
PT1158863E (pt) 2005-02-28
AU767157B2 (en) 2003-10-30
CN1142721C (zh) 2004-03-24
CA2362725A1 (en) 2000-09-14
IL145155A (en) 2006-12-10
ES2228484T3 (es) 2005-04-16
ES2230074T3 (es) 2005-05-01
AU3553500A (en) 2000-09-28
BR0008886A (pt) 2001-12-18
DE60015093T2 (de) 2005-03-10
CA2363239C (en) 2010-09-14
DE60014865T2 (de) 2005-03-03
AU761044B2 (en) 2003-05-29
CA2363243C (en) 2010-09-07
TR200102592T2 (tr) 2002-01-21
CA2363241A1 (en) 2000-09-14
AU3284800A (en) 2000-09-28
US6491960B1 (en) 2002-12-10
EP1158865A1 (de) 2001-12-05
DE60020339T2 (de) 2006-01-26
AU768722B2 (en) 2004-01-08
IL145155A0 (en) 2002-06-30
PT1158864E (pt) 2005-01-31
DK1158863T3 (da) 2005-01-24
DE60014866D1 (de) 2004-11-18
DE60020339D1 (de) 2005-06-30
AU3284700A (en) 2000-09-28
ES2187459T3 (es) 2003-06-16
BR0008889B1 (pt) 2013-02-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE279864T1 (de) Gefrierschutzprotein enthaltendes speiseeis
CA2261930A1 (en) Frozen confectionery products
ATE155650T1 (de) Tiefkühldessert

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
UEP Publication of translation of european patent specification

Ref document number: 1158863

Country of ref document: EP

REN Ceased due to non-payment of the annual fee