DK164529B - Fremgangsmaade til paavisning eller bestemmelse af et peptid indeholdende en sekvens af aminosyrer, som er antigenaktiv - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaade til paavisning eller bestemmelse af et peptid indeholdende en sekvens af aminosyrer, som er antigenaktiv Download PDFInfo
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- DK164529B DK164529B DK532284A DK532284A DK164529B DK 164529 B DK164529 B DK 164529B DK 532284 A DK532284 A DK 532284A DK 532284 A DK532284 A DK 532284A DK 164529 B DK164529 B DK 164529B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/04—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length on carriers
- C07K1/047—Simultaneous synthesis of different peptide species; Peptide libraries
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/56983—Viruses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6878—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids in epitope analysis
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Description
DK 164529B
i
Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til påvisning eller bestemmelse af et peptid indeholdende en sekvens af aminosyrer, som er antigenaktive, i en kendt aminosyresekvens ‘ af et antigenprotein eller en del heraf.
5 Med det her anvendte udtryk "antigenaktive" menes en hvilken som helst aminosyresekvens, som vil kombinere specifikt med et antistof, og indbefatter sekvenser, som også fremkalder eller stimulerer produktionen af antistoffer (de sidstnævnte sekvenser omtales også som værende "immunogene").
10 Som det er velkendt er et antigen et makromolekyle, såsom et protein, som sædvanligvis er fremmed for en person eller et dyr, og som er i stand til at fremkalde dannelsen af et antistof i personen eller dyret, idet antistoffet er et protein, som syntetiseres af personen eller dyret som svar på tilstedeværelsen af makromolekylet.
15 Antistoffet har specifik affinitet for det makromolekyle, som fremkaldte dets syntese, idet antistoffets specificitet er rettet mod en eller flere specielle steder eller aminosyresekvenser på makromolekylet, hvilket sædvanligvis omtales som "den antigene determinant" ("de antigene determinanter").
20 Fra Smith, J.A., et al., Immunochemistry 14, 565-568 (1977), kendes en fremgangsmåde til skiftevis tilsætning af aminosyrer til en "basis"-sekvens for at bestemme nøjagtigt, hvor det antigene område befinder sig. For at udføre dette må det generelle område af proteinet, som indeholder denne determinant, være kendt. Denne 25 fremgangsmåde er imidlertid ikke baseret på det princip, at de syntetiserede peptider er beslægtede med hinanden ved hjælp af over!appende ami nosyrer.
Fra Lerner, R.A., Sci. Amer, februar 1983, side 48-56, kendes en metode til fremstilling af syntetiske vacciner ved samling af 30 korte kæder af aminosyrer til efterligning af et sted på overfladen af et virusprotein, hvilket kan give anledning til antistoffer med forudbestemt specificitet, hvilke antistoffer kan bibringe immunitet overfor viruset. Fra Walter, G., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., bind 77 (1980), side 5197-5200, kendes fremstilling af antistoffer 35 med specificitet for de carboxy- og aminotermi nåle områder af simian virus 40 "large" tumorantigen. Fra EP offentliggørelsesskrift nr.
44.710 kendes fremstilling af et syntetisk peptid ved determinering fra en DNA-sekvens og derpå syntetisering af et peptid, som svarer til en mulig antigendeterminant af et naturligt antigenprotein.
DK 164529 B
2
De væsentligste forskelle mellem fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen og fremgangsmåden ifølge ovennævnte patentskrifter skyldes det' forhold, at den foreliggende opfindelse tilvejebringer en systematisk fremgangsmåde, hvorved en aminosyresekvens, som er antigenisk 5 aktiv indenfor en kendt aminosyresekvens i et protein, kan bestemmes. Et væsentligt træk ved den foreliggende opfindelse ligger i anvendelsen af overlappende aminosyresekvenser. Ved overlappende aminosyresekvenser forstås, at et peptid er beslægtet med et andet peptid ved at mindst en aminosyre er udeladt fra en ende af sekven-10 sen af det andet peptid og mindst en aminosyre er adderet til den modsatte ende af sekvensen af det andet peptid, idet de resterende aminosyrer er fællles for begge sekvenser. Som det fremgår af eksemplerne i nærværende beskrivelse muliggør fremgangsmåden ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse vellykket fremstilling af overlappende 15 peptider, hvilke strækker sig langs hele den kendte aminosyresekvens af det antigene protein eller en del heraf, og for hver af disse peptider, som skal bringes i kontakt med antistoffet.
Med de nuværende metoder er identifikationen af den eller de aktive sekvenser af aminosyre i et proteinmolekyle imidlertid en 20 lang og omstændelig proces. Med fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen påvises sekvenserne af aminosyrer, som er antigenaktive, ved en screeningsproces under anvendelse af peptider med overlappende sekvenser som ovenfor nævnt.
Med den foreliggende opfindelse tilvejebringes således en 25 fremgangsmåde, hvorved hele aminosyresekvensen af proteinet kan "scannes" systematisk for at lokalisere en antigen-aktiv aminosyresekvens på ethvet sted indenfor hele sekvensen. Problemet med hurtig screening af en proteinsekvens til bestemmelse af den nøjagtige placering af det (de) antigene område (områder) ud fra en kendt 30 sekvens, men uden kendskab til de antigene områder, løses således med den foreliggende fremgangsmåde.
Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er således ejendommelig ved: 1. at peptider, som hver omfatter en sekvens af aminosyrer, der svarer til en sekvens i den kendte aminosyresekvens, og hvor' 35 peptiderne har overlappende aminosyresekvenser, hvor amino syresekvensen i hvert af peptiderne overlapper aminosyresekvensen i et yderligere eller næste peptid med fra en til fire aminosyrer, syntetiseres,
DK 164529 B
3 2. at hver af peptiderne kontaktes med antistof mod antigenproteinet, som har interesse, og 3. at tilstedeværelsen eller fraværet af en antigen-antistof 5 reaktion mellem hvert af peptiderne og antistoffet påvises eller bestemmes til indikation af, hvorvidt peptidet har antigen aktivitet eller ej.
I en udførelsesform er fremgangsmåden ejendommelig ved, at der 10 anvendes peptider, hvor sekvensen i hvert af peptiderne overlapper sekvensen i et yderligere eller næste peptid med én aminosyre.
Som nævnt ovenfor har peptiderne syntetiseret ifølge den foreliggende fremgangsmåde overlappende aminosyresekvenser, dvs. et peptid er relateret til et andet peptid på den måde, at mindst en 15 aminosyre er udeladt fra en ende af sekvensen af det andet peptid, og mindst en aminosyre er tilført den modsatte ende af sekvensen, idet de resterende aminosyrer er fælles for begge sekvenser. Amino-syrerne indeni den overlappende sekvens udvælges selvfølgeligt således, at hver sekvens svarer til en sekvens i den kendte amino- 20 syresekvens af proteinet eller en del heraf, som tidligere beskre vet.
Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er baseret på den erkendelse, at et givet antistof specifikt genkender en sekvens af aminosyrer, som har den specielle antigene aktivitet og interesse, og at der som 25 følge heraf kan konstateres en speciel antigen determinant ved at udnytte antistoffets høje grad af specificitet til at identificere den specifikke sekvens af aminosyrer i den specielle antigene determinant blandt alle mulige kombinationer heraf.
Det formodes, at en antigen determinant almindeligvis omfatter 30 en sekvens på ca. 6 aminosyrer i længden, og følgelig indeholder aminosyresekvenserne, som fremstilles ifølge det første trin i fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, fortrinsvis sekvenser på 6 aminosyrer. Det skal imidlertid forstås, at den foreliggende opfindelse ikke er begrænset til sekvenser på 6 aminosyrer, skønt 35 sekvenser, som er 5 enheder lange, på nuværende tidspunkt synes at være for små til at give en nem påvisningsreaktion i den efterfølgende screeningsprocedure. Sekvenser på 9 eller flere enheder i længden er sandsynligvis unødvendigt lange, og sådanne sekvenser foretrækkes derfor ikke på nuværende tidspunkt.
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Ved udøvelse af den foreliggende opfindelse gøres brug af tidligere bestemmelser af aminosyresekvensen af det protein eller proteinområde, som formodes at bære den antigene determinant, der har interesse. Aminosyresekvenser af et stort antal proteiner er 5 allerede kendte og moderne sekventeringsmetoder, f.eks. under anvendelse af rekombinant DNA-teknikker, tilvejebringer en hurtig metode til at sekventere proteiner, hvis aminosyresekvens stadigvæk er ukendt.
Fordelen ved den foreliggende opfindelse ligger i muligheden 10 for med uovertruffen lethed at identificere den antigene determinant i et protein som korte aminosyresekvenser. Ydermere kan hver vigtig kontinuerlig antigen determinant identificeres. Denne information er uvurderlig ved udformning af reagenser, som har den nødvendige selektivitet til at blive anvendt ved diagnosticering af kliniske 15 sygdomme hos mennesker og dyr. En viden om den antigene determinant forbundet med et specielt infektiøst middel er også vigtig ved fremstilling af peptidvacciner, som vil bibringe beskyttelse mod sygdommen uden mange af de skadelige bivirkninger hos traditionelle vacciner. Opfindelsen kan ligeledes anvendes ved udformning af meget 20 specifikke terapeutiske reagenser mod receptorsteder i legemet.
Et eksempel på brug af ovennævnte metode ved bestemmelse af en antigen determinant i et protein eller en del af et protein er som følger: 1. idet man går ud fra den kendte aminosyresekvens af proteinet 25 eller den del af proteinet, der har interesse, hvilken sekvens f.eks. er opnået ud fra publicerede resultater, tages de første 6 aminosyrer (under antagelse af, at alle syntetiserede peptider i dette eksempel vil være 6 aminosyrer lange) startende enten fra den aminoterminåle ende eller 30 fra den carboxyterminale ende, og denne får betegnelsen "sekvens 1". "Sekvens 2" er derefter det sæt af 6 aminosyrer, der i rækkefølge starter ved den anden aminosyre, og som går op til og inkluderer den 7. aminosyre. Ved at udstrække denne procedure med at "droppe" en aminosyre fra en ende og 35 tilføje den næste i den kendte sekvens til den anden ende, opnås de nødvendige aminosyresekvenser for alle hexapeptider indeholdt i proteinet eller den del af proteinet, der har interesse. Det totale antal af sådanne sekvenser vil være 5 mindre end det faktiske antal aminosyrer, som udgør
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5 proteinet eller den del, der har interesse.
2. Derefter syntetiseres hver sekvens, som er blevet bestemt som beskrevet ovenfor. Egnede metoder indbefatter velkendte 5 metoder til peptidsyntese, almindeligvis kaldet: (a) opløsningsfasemetoder, eller (b) fastfasemetoder, f.eks. Merrifield-metoden: Marglin, A. og Merrifield, R.B., Ann.Rev.Biochem. 39, 841-866 (1970).
10 Syntesen af aminosyresekvenserne udføres imidlertid for trinsvis ved en fastfasemetode, som omfatter anvendelsen af et polymermateriale, såsom polyethylen eller polypropylen som fastfasebæreren, hvorpå podepolymeriseres en vinylmonomer indeholdende mindst én funktionel gruppe til frembring-15 else af polymerkæder på bæreren. Disse polymere kæders funktionelle grupper kan derefter omsættes til tilvejebringelse af primære eller sekundære aminogrupper på kæderne, og disse aminogrupper omsættes derefter med aminosyrerester i passende rækkefølge til opbygning af et ønsket, syntetisk 20 peptid. Bæreren har fortrinsvis form af en fast polymerstav med en diameter på ca. 4 mm og en længde på ca. 50 mm. En række af sådanne stave kan holdes i en egnet holder i et gitter på 12x8, hvis dimensioner svarer til dimensionerne for den standardplade, der anvendes til enzymbundet immuno-25 sorbentassay (ELISA).
3. Afhængigt af valget af fremgangsmåde for syntesen af hvert peptid er peptidet allerede fæstnet til en egnet bærer ved afslutning af syntesen eller koblet til en egnet fast bærer, 30 som forberedelse til assaytrinnet.
4. Bærerne med de syntetiserede peptider overføres til brøndene i en mi krotiterp!ade eller et lignende apparatur og hver kendt sekvens screenes derefter mod kendte antistoffer under 35 anvendelse af sædvanlige metoder til at indicere tilstede værelse eller fravær af en antigen-antistof reaktion i hver brønd. Eksempler på disse metoder indbefatter enzymbundet immunosorbentassay (ELISA) og radioimmunassay (RIA). Egnede antistoffer kan enten købes som kommercielt tilgængelige
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6 antisera eller fremstilles i en egnet vært i overensstemmelse med i sig selv kendte metoder.
Der anvendes fortrinsvis et computerbaseret program til at 5 hjælpe med til organiseringen af syntesen af de 6 aminosyre lange sekvenser, som beskrevet ovenfor. Dette kan anvendes til at opnå en optegnelse af identiteten af det endelige peptid for hver lokalisering i hver mikrotiterplade og tillader ydermere bestemmelse af rækkefølgen af synteser, som skal udføres samtidigt på basis af 10 forenelige reaktionsbetingelser. Endeligt kan et sådant program anvendes sammen med et program skrevet til den endelige vurdering af anti stofscreen i ngstri nnet.
Som det vil fremgå i større detaljer i eksemplerne er den ovenfor skitserede fremgangsmåde blevet anvendt til at konstatere 15 antigenaktive aminosyresekvenser for mund-og-klovsygevirus (FMDV jvf. engelsk: foot and mouth disease virus) protein VP1. Naturligvis kan den foreliggende opfindelse på lignende måde anvendes til bestemmelse af antigene determinanter i andre virusproteiner, såsom hepatitis B virusoverfladeantigen, såvel som et hvilket som helst 20 andet protein, hvis sekvens er kendt.
Den velkendte, indirekte ELISA-metode anvendes fortrinsvis til den endelige påvisning eller bestemmelse af tilstedeværelse eller fravær af en antigen-antistofreaktion mellem aminosyresekvenserne og et bestemt antistof. Anvendelsen af dette assay nødvendiggør frem-25 stillingen af antisera rettet mod antistofarter, som skal anvendes i den endelige test, f.eks. antihuman IgG, antibovin IgG osv. Sådanne præparationer konjugeres derefter med et enzym, såsom peberrod-peroxidase, til tilvejebringelse af testreagenser, som er nødvendige til den endelige test. Udførelse af den indirekte ELISA-analyse 30 udføres med velkendte metoder.
Hvor fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen udføres i en screeningsanalyse af den ovenfor beskrevne type, falder de resultater, der er opnået med et specielt antistof, inden for en af følgende kategorier: 35 (a) ingen positiv reaktion med nogle af de fremstillede aminosyre sekvenser, dvs. fuldstændig negativ.
(b) reaktion med alene en enkelt aminosyresekvens. Dette resultat repræsenterer det ideelle tilfælde.
(c) reaktion med en række aminosyresekvenser. Dette observerede
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7 resultat kan forventes af en af følgende to grunde: 1) reaktion med et antiserum indeholdende en blandet antistofpopulation, hvor hvert antistof reagerer med et forskelligt antigensted eller 2) reaktion med aminosyresekvenser, som overlapper det 5 immunogene sted. I første tilfælde vil yderligere test være nødvendig for at bestemme de mere anvendelige antigenaktive aminosekvenser.
Det skal selvfølgeligt forstås, at når sekvensen af aminosyrer, som er antigenaktive ved reaktion med et givent antistof, er blevet 10 påvist eller bestemt, kan denne information anvendes til forskellige diagnostiske formål og til fremstilling af vacciner. Hvor den antigenaktive sekvens af aminosyrer svarende til et specielt klinisk sygdomsagens er blevet bestemt, kan det føre til fremstilling af en vaccine, som vil tilvejebringe beskyttelse mod denne sygdom, og som 15 omfatter en eller flere syntetisk frembragte sekvenser og hensigtsmæssige aminosyrer, som vil fremkalde det ønskede antistofsvar.
Yderligere træk for den foreliggende opfindelse vil blive illustreret i de efterfølgende eksempler og under henvisning til tegningen, hvor 20 fig. 1 viser syntetisering af hexapeptider ud fra VP1, fig. 2 viser antigenprofiler for hexapeptider opnået ud fra VP1 (FMDV, type Oj), 25 fig. 3 viser antigenprofiler for hexapeptiderne opnået ud fra VP1 (FMDV, type AJ0 eller Agl), og fig. 4 viser antigenprofiler for hexapeptider opnået ud fra VP1 30 (FMDV type Cj).
EKSEMPEL 1.
A. Fremstilling af hexapeptider.
35 Den 213 aminosyre lange sekvens for VP1 (FMDV, type 0j) som translateret af Kurz, C. et al, Nucleic Acid Research 9, 1919-1931 (1981), blev opdelt i alle mulige hexapeptidenheder, og hver hexa-peptidenhed blev syntetiseret på en polyethylenbærer i samme orientering og med en 2 aminosyre lang spacer som illustreret på fig. 1.
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Polyethylenstave neddykket i en 6% v/v vandig opløsning af acrylsyre blev bestrålet med γ-stråling ved en dosis på 1 Mrad (se
Muller-Schulte, D., Horster, F.A., Polymer Bulletin 7*. 77-81 (1982)). Under anvendelse af traditionelle metoder indenfor fastfa- 5 sepeptidkemien (se Erickson, B.W., Merrifield, R.B. "The Proteins", bind 2, 255-257, Academic Press, New York (1976); Meienhofer, J., in "Hormonal Proteins and Peptides", bind 2, 45-267, Academic Press,
New York (1973)), blev Na-t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-lysinmethylester koblet til polyethylenpolyacrylsyren (PPA) via N-aminogruppen i 10 sidekæden. Dette blev efterfulgt af koblingen af Boc-alanin til færdiggørelse af en peptidlignende spacer. Aminosubstitution af 14 bæreren blev bestemt ved at omsætte NH2~lysin (OMe)-PPA med C -smørsyre og fandtes at være 8-10 nmol/stav.
Efterfølgende aminosyrer blev tilført ved traditionel fastfase-15 peptidsyntese som dikteret af den sekvens, der skal syntetiseres.
Efter afslutning af den sidste koblingsreaktion og efter fjernelse af t-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) beskyttelsesgruppen blev den terminale aminogruppe acetyleret med eddikesyreanhydrid en blanding af dimethyl formamid (DMF) og triethylenamin. Alle dicyclohexylcarbodi-20 imid-mediierede koblingsreaktioner blev udført i DMF i nærværelse af N-hydroxybenzotriazol. Følgende sidekædebeskyttende grupper anvendtes: 0-benzyl for treonin, serin, asparginsyre, glutaminsyre og tyrosin; carbonbenzo for lysin; tosyl for arginin; 4-methyl benzyl for cystein og l-benzyloxycarbonylamido-2,2,2,-trifluorethyl for 25 histidin. Fjernelse af sidekædebeskyttelse blev udført med behandling med borontris (trifluoracetat) i trifluoreddikesyre i 90 minutter ved stuetemperatur (se Pless, J., Bauer, W., Angewante Chemie 85, 142 (1973)). Efter hydrolyse i HCl/propionsyre bekræftede analyse af sekvenser inkluderet i syntesen, at kobling ved hvert 30 trin havde fundet sted. Før afprøvning med ELISA blev de stavkoblede peptider vasket adskillige gange i i fosfatbuffret salin (PBS).
B. Afprøvning af hexapeptider.
Antigenprofiler for hexapeptiderne fremstillet som beskrevet 35 under punkt A. ovenfor vises på fig. 2 som en lodret linie proportional med den opnåede ELISA-ekstinktion over tallet, der angiver lokaliseringen i VPl-sekvensen i den N-terminale peptidaminosyre. De antisera der blev anvendt til at frembringe de forskellige viste profiler, var som følger:
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9 (a) og (b) to forskellige antisera mod intakt viruspartikel, type °1* (c) antisera mod intakt viruspartikel som anvendt i (b) efter absorption med oprenset komplet virus type Op 5 (d) antisera mod virus sub-unit, type Oj (e) anti-VPl, type Oj og (f) antisera mod intakte viruspartikler, type Cp
Enzymbundet immunosorbentassay (ELISA) blev anvendt til at afprøve hvert stavkoblet peptid (RCP) for reaktivitet med hver af de 10 ovenfor definerede antisera, hvilket er beskrevet nedenfor. De stavkoblede peptider blev præ-belagte med 10% hesteserum og 10% ovalbumin og 1% Tween-80 i PBS i 1 time ved 37°C for at blokere ikke-specifik absorption af antistoffer. Inkubering natten over ved 4°C i antiserumfortyndet 1/40 i præ-inkuberingsblandingen blev 15 efterfulgt af tre gange vask i 0,05% Tween-80/PBS. Reaktion i en time ved 37°C med det rette anti-kanin IgG immunoglobulin koblet til peberrodperoxidase, fortyndet 1/50.000 i præinkuberingsblandingen, blev igen efterfulgt af grundig vask i PBS/Tween til fjernelse af overskydende konjugat. Tilstedeværelsen af antistof blev påvist ved 20 reaktion i 45 minutter med en farveudviklende opløsning (40 mg ortophenylendiamin, 20 μΐ hydrogenperoxid i 100 ml fosfatbuffer, pH 5,0), og den frembragte farve blev aflæst i et Titertekmultiscan ved 420 nm. Efter test blev peptiderne vasket tre gange ved 37°C i 8 M urinstof indeholdende 0,1% 2-mercaptoethanol og 0,1% natriumdodecyl-25 sulfat efterfulgt af adskillige vask i PBS til fjernelse af alle spor af bundet antistof. De stavkoblede peptider var derefter parat til yderligere afprøvning med forskellige antisera.
Antisera mod intakt viruspartikel blev fremstillet ved at immunisere kaniner med 50 /tg inaktiveret, oprenset virus i komplet 30 Freund's adjuvant. Der blev tappet blod fra dyrene 3 til 4 uger efter enkeltvaccination. Antiserum mod virus sub-unit (kanin) blev fremstillet ved at immunisere tre gange med 3 til 4 ugers mellemrum med 10 /tg med syre åbnet, renset virus, først i komplet Freund's adjuvant og derefter i i nkomplet Freund's adjuvant. Polypeptidet VP1 35 blev separeret fra blandingen af proteiner og opnåedes fra med urinstof åbnede, rensede virus, med iso-elektrisk fokusering. (Se Barteling, S.J., Wagenaar, F., Gielkins, A.L.J., J. Gen.Virol. 62, 357-361 (1982)). Efter eluering fra gel med 8M urinstof og dialyse mod PBS blev der rejst antistof som beskrevet ovenfor for 12 S.
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10
Antiserum for scanning (c) blev anvendt til scanning (b), men efter absorption med renset virus (1500 /tg komplet virus blev inkuberet-med 1 ml serum i 72 timer ved 4°C) og alle virusbundne antistoffer blev fjernet ved centrifugering.
5 C. Identifikation af det viruspartikel-associerede, antigene peptid.
Af de fire afprøvede antisera mod intakt viruspartikel viste scanninger (a) og (b) extremerne i det fundne reaktivitetsmønster.
Store kvantitative forskelle i responset til et identisk antigenpræ-10 parat er blevet rapporteret tidligere, men disse scanninger kaster lys over den mulige variabilitet i antistofsammensætning mellem sera. Ved undersøgelse af scanninger (a), (b) og (c) er antistof reaktivt med peptiderne nr. 146 og 147 til stede i komplet antiserum mod intakte virus men fraværende efter absorption med oprenset 15 virus. De samme antistoffer observeres ikke i antiserum mod subunit, scanning (d), og er kun svagt til stede i antiserum mod VP1, scanning (e). At der fandtes nogen aktivitet i antiserum mod VP1 gør muligvis rede for det isolerede proteins immuniserende kapacitet om end svag. (Se Kleid, D.G., et al., Science 214, 1125-1129 (1981)).
20 Det skal imidlertid bemærkes, at en anden antiserum mod VP1, der ligeledes blev afprøvet, bevarede en stærk aktivitet i position nr.
148 og viste ingen aktivitet ved positionerne 146 og 147. Overlægning af scanning (c) på scanning (b) (absorberet sammenlignet med ikke-absorberet) viste, at ud over tabet af aktivitet mod peptiderne 25 nr. 146 og 147, skete der også en reduktion i aktivitet mod peptiderne nr. 5, 6 og 206. Af disse blev aktivitet mod numrene 5 og 6 ikke fundet i alle de afprøvede antisera mod intakt virus, medens aktivitet mod 206 ufrivilligt var til stede.
Udfra disse resultater konkluderedes, at af de sekvenser, der 30 fandtes at være reaktive, udgjorde parret med nr. 146 og 147, dvs. hexapeptiderne
Gly-Asp-Leu-Gln-Val-Leu (G-D-L-Q-V-L)og Asp-Leu-Gln-Val-Leu-Ala (D - L - Q - V - L - A), det principale loci med et bidrag fra locus nr. 206. hvilket er i overenstemmelse med’ 35 andres observationer. Med hensyn til loci ved nr. 146-7 skelnes imidlertid ikke mellem de to muligheder; den ene, at det aktive element er 5 aminosyrer langt dvs. sekvensen der er fælles for begge Asp-Leu-Gln-Val-Leu (D - L - Q - V - L) eller den anden, at det aktive element er 7 aminosyrer langt dvs. kombinationen af de 2 11 ΟΚΊ64ϋΖ»Β hexapeptider Gly-Asp-Leu-Gln-Val-Leu-Ala (G-D-L-Q-V-L-A).
Eksempel 2.
5 A. Fremstilling af hexapeptider.
Den 212 aminosyre lange sekvens af VP1 (FMDV, type Ajq eller Agj) som opgivet af Boothroyd, J.C., et al. (1982), Gene 17, 153-161, Office International des Epizootics, blev inddelt i 207 hexa-10 peptider. Disse hexapeptider blev syntetiseret som beskrevet i eksempel 1 ovenfor med den undtagelse, at sidekæden af arginin blev beskyttet med p-methoxybenzensulfonylgruppen.
B. Afprøvning af hexapeptider.
15 Antigenprofiler for hexapeptiderne vises på fig. 3. De antise ra, der blev anvendt til frembringelse af profilerne var:
(a) antiserum mod intakt viruspartikel type A1Q
(b) antiserum mod intakt viruspartikel som i (a) efter adsorption med renset komplet FMDV type Ajq.
20 Afprøvningen af hexapeptidet og fremstillingen af sera blev foretaget som stort set beskrevet i eksempel 1.
C. Identifikation af viruspartikelassocieret. aktivt element
Ved at resonnere på samme måde som i eksempel 1 blev det 2^ konkluderet, at hexapeptiderne Gly-Asp-Leu-Gly-Ser-Ile (G-D-L-G - S - I) og Asp-Leu-Gly-Ser-Ile-Ala (D-L-G-S - I - A), er de principale loci for den antigene determinant for A-typen af FMDV.
Som det var tilfældet med FMD-virus, type 0j, beskrevet i 3^ eksempel 1 blev der ikke skelnet mellem disse to sekvenser og følgelig konkluderes det, at det er muligt, at den aktive sekvens er 5 aminosyrer lang, dvs. Asp-Leu-Gly-Ser-Ile (D-L-G-S-I), eller at den er 7 aminosyrer lang, dvs. Gly-Asp-Leu-Gly-Ser-Ile-Ala (G - D - L - G - S - I - A).
35 EKSEMPEL 3 A. Fremstilling af hexapeptider.
Den 210 aminosyrer lange sekvens af VP1 (FMDV type Cj) som angivet af Cheung, A., et al. (1983), Journal of Virology, 48,
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12 451-459, blev inddelt i 205 hexapeptider. Disse hexapeptider blev syntetiseret som beskrevet i eksempel 2 ovenfor.
B. Afprøvning af hexapeptider.
5 Antigenprofiler for hexapeptiderne vises på fig. 4. De anvendte antisera til frembringelse af profilerne var: (a) antisera mod intakt viruspartikel type Cj.
(b) antisera mod intakt viruspartikel som i (a) efter absorption med renset, komplet FMDV type Cj.
10 Afprøvningen af hexapeptiderne og præparation af sera foretoges stort set som beskrevet i eksempel 1.
C. Identifikation af virusparti kel-associeret aktivt element.
Ved at resonnere på samme måde som i eksempel 1 konkluderedes 15 det, at hexapeptidet Asp-Leu-Ala-His-Leu-Thr (D-L-A-H-L-T) er det principale locus for den antigene determinant for C-typen af FMDV.
Disse resultater viser klart potentialet af en systematisk scanning af en polypeptidsekvens. Resultaterne giver den sandsynlige 20 lokalisering af den aktive determinant indesluttet i det peptid, med hvilket Bittie, J.L. et al., Nature 298, 30-33 (1982) opnåede den succesfulde beskyttelse hos marsvin mod en efterfølgende provokering med FMDV.
25 .
30 35
Claims (6)
1. Fremgangsmåde til påvisning eller bestemmelse af et peptid indeholdende en sekvens af aminosyrer, som er antigenaktive, i en 5 kendt aminosyresekvens af et antigenprotein eller en del heraf, kendetegnet ved, at den omfatter: 1. at peptider, som hver omfatter en sekvens af aminosyrer, der svarer til en sekvens i den kendte aminosyresekvens, og hvor peptiderne har overlappende aminosyresekvenser, hvor amino- 10 syresekvensen i hvert af peptiderne overlapper aminosyrese- kvensen i et yderligere eller næste peptid med fra en til fire aminosyrer, syntetiseres, 2. at hver af peptiderne kontaktes med antistof mod antigenpro- 15 teinet, som har interesse, og 3. at tilstedeværelsen eller fraværet af en antigen-antistof reaktion mellem hvert af peptiderne og antistoffet påvises eller bestemmes til indikation af, om peptidet har antigen 20 aktivitet eller ej.
2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at der anvendes peptider, hvor sekvensen i hvert af peptiderne overlapper sekvensen i et yderligere eller næste peptid med en aminosyre. 25
3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at hver af peptiderne, som anvendes, er en sekvens på fra 5 til 9 aminosyrer, fortrinsvis peptider med en sekvens på 6 aminosyrer.
4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at hver af denne flerhed af peptiderne syntetiseres på en fastfase-bærer, og at efterfølgende trin udføres med hvert peptid forblivende koblet til fastfasebæreren.
5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 4, kendetegnet ved, at fastfasebæreren foreligger i form af en fast polymerstav eller -stang.
6. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 4 eller 5, kendetegnet DK 164529 B ved, at fastfasebæreren er et polymert materiale udvalgt blandt polyethylen eller polypropylen, som har en vinylmonomer indeholdende mindst én funktionel gruppe podepolymeriseret hertil til frembringelse af polymere sidekæder på bæreren. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPF834883 | 1983-03-08 | ||
| AUPF834883 | 1983-03-08 | ||
| PCT/AU1984/000039 WO1984003564A1 (en) | 1983-03-08 | 1984-03-08 | Method of determining antigenically active amino acid sequences |
| AU8400039 | 1984-03-08 |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK532284D0 DK532284D0 (da) | 1984-11-08 |
| DK532284A DK532284A (da) | 1984-11-08 |
| DK164529B true DK164529B (da) | 1992-07-06 |
| DK164529C DK164529C (da) | 1992-11-23 |
Family
ID=3770023
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK532284A DK164529C (da) | 1983-03-08 | 1984-11-08 | Fremgangsmaade til paavisning eller bestemmelse af et peptid indeholdende en sekvens af aminosyrer, som er antigenaktiv |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5595915A (da) |
| EP (1) | EP0138855B2 (da) |
| JP (1) | JPH063445B2 (da) |
| AT (1) | ATE69890T1 (da) |
| CA (1) | CA1220420A (da) |
| DE (1) | DE3485299D1 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK164529C (da) |
| NO (1) | NO166466C (da) |
| NZ (1) | NZ207394A (da) |
| WO (1) | WO1984003564A1 (da) |
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| JPS56115727A (en) * | 1980-02-19 | 1981-09-11 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Carrier for immobilizing physiologically active substance |
| FI83662C (fi) * | 1980-07-17 | 1991-08-12 | Scripps Clinic Res | Diagnostik antikropp och foerfarande foer dess framstaellning. |
| IL61904A (en) * | 1981-01-13 | 1985-07-31 | Yeda Res & Dev | Synthetic vaccine against influenza virus infections comprising a synthetic peptide and process for producing same |
| ZA831854B (en) * | 1982-03-26 | 1984-01-25 | Biogen Nv | Small peptides with the specificity of foot and mouth disease viral antigens |
| US4438208A (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1984-03-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Region-specific determinants for vitamin K dependent bone protein |
| US4544629A (en) * | 1982-11-19 | 1985-10-01 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Receptor-based histamine assay |
| US4504586A (en) * | 1983-02-03 | 1985-03-12 | Amgen | Hybridoma tumor cell lines and their monoclonal antibodies to human colony stimulating factor subclass number 1 |
| CA1247080A (en) * | 1983-03-08 | 1988-12-20 | Commonwealth Serum Laboratories Commission | Antigenically active amino acid sequences |
| WO1984003506A1 (en) * | 1983-03-08 | 1984-09-13 | Commw Serum Lab Commission | Antigenically active amino acid sequences |
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- 1984-03-08 AT AT84900955T patent/ATE69890T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-03-08 CA CA000449141A patent/CA1220420A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-08 WO PCT/AU1984/000039 patent/WO1984003564A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-03-08 JP JP59501706A patent/JPH063445B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-03-08 DE DE8484900955T patent/DE3485299D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1984-10-29 NO NO84844296A patent/NO166466C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-11-08 DK DK532284A patent/DK164529C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK532284D0 (da) | 1984-11-08 |
| JPH063445B2 (ja) | 1994-01-12 |
| WO1984003564A1 (en) | 1984-09-13 |
| EP0138855B2 (en) | 1999-09-08 |
| DE3485299D1 (de) | 1992-01-09 |
| DK164529C (da) | 1992-11-23 |
| DK532284A (da) | 1984-11-08 |
| NO166466C (no) | 1991-07-24 |
| US5595915A (en) | 1997-01-21 |
| EP0138855B1 (en) | 1991-11-27 |
| EP0138855A4 (en) | 1986-02-10 |
| CA1220420A (en) | 1987-04-14 |
| ATE69890T1 (de) | 1991-12-15 |
| NO166466B (no) | 1991-04-15 |
| EP0138855A1 (en) | 1985-05-02 |
| NO844296L (no) | 1984-10-29 |
| NZ207394A (en) | 1987-03-06 |
| JPS60500684A (ja) | 1985-05-09 |
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