ES2318657T3 - Dispositivo para la sujecion de un material de refuerzo en un dispositivo quirurgico de fijacion. - Google Patents
Dispositivo para la sujecion de un material de refuerzo en un dispositivo quirurgico de fijacion. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2318657T3 ES2318657T3 ES06076509T ES06076509T ES2318657T3 ES 2318657 T3 ES2318657 T3 ES 2318657T3 ES 06076509 T ES06076509 T ES 06076509T ES 06076509 T ES06076509 T ES 06076509T ES 2318657 T3 ES2318657 T3 ES 2318657T3
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- tissue
- reinforcement
- adhesive
- anvil
- clamping
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B17/07207—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/00491—Surgical glue applicators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B17/07292—Reinforcements for staple line, e.g. pledgets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B17/115—Staplers for performing anastomosis, e.g. in a single operation
- A61B17/1155—Circular staplers comprising a plurality of staples
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/00491—Surgical glue applicators
- A61B2017/00513—Tissue soldering
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/03—Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
- A61B2090/037—Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety with a frangible part, e.g. by reduced diameter
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)
Abstract
Un instrumento quirúrgico (85) de grapado circular para pinzar y grapar tejidos, que comprende: a. una empuñadura, un primer y un segundo miembros opuestos para pinzar el tejido conectados con dicha empuñadura y que se mueven entre una posición abierta, para recibir el tejido entre ellos, y una posición cerrada, para grapar el tejido entre ellos, alojando dicho primer miembro de pinzamiento una pluralidad de grapas, y b. un montaje para al menos uno de dichos primer y segundo miembros de pinzamiento, comprendiendo dicho montaje un medio (105) de sujeción y un material (107) de refuerzo unido circunferencialmente alrededor de la periferia de dicho medio (105) de sujeción, apoyándose dicho material (107) de refuerzo contra una superficie de pinzamiento de dicho o de dichos miembros de pinzamiento del tejido, que se caracteriza porque dicho medio de sujeción es una estructura (105) substancialmente rígida unida o formada a partir de al menos un miembro de pinzamiento del tejido.
Description
Dispositivo para la sujeción de un material de
refuerzo en un dispositivo quirúrgico de fijación.
La presente invención se refiere, en general, a
dispositivos quirúrgicos de fijación para aplicar una pluralidad de
fijaciones quirúrgicas dentro de tejidos y, más particularmente, a
un nuevo procedimiento para sujetar material de refuerzo sobre el
dispositivo quirúrgico de fijación con el fin de crear una línea
reforzada de fijaciones quirúrgicas dentro del tejido.
Muchos procedimientos quirúrgicos comprenden la
resección de tejidos. Uno de tales procedimientos es la reducción
del volumen de los pulmones, mediante el cual se efectúa la
resección de una parte del pulmón para el tratamiento del enfisema.
Un problema que se encuentra durante la resección de tejido
corporal, especialmente en relación con el uso de grapas, es el
establecimiento de la hemostasis. Ciertos tipos de tejido corporal
son más propensos al establecimiento de la hemostasis tal como el
tejido friable que se encuentra en el pulmón, y el estado de la
dolencia puede exacerbar el problema. Se utilizan dispositivos
mecánicos, tales como grapadoras quirúrgicas y cortadores lineales,
tanto abiertos como endoscópicos, como medio para efectuar la
resección del tejido enfermo del pulmón. Las grapas proporcionan
hemostasis en las estructuras vasculares y, cuando se aplican en el
tejido pulmonar, proporcionan también un buen grado de neumostasis.
Los instrumentos quirúrgicos de grapado tienen una pluralidad de
grapas que se mantienen en múltiples filas escalonadas en un
cartucho reemplazable y un par de mordazas opuestas de las que al
menos una es móvil. Los instrumentos de grapado quirúrgico comprimen
el tejido pulmonar entre el cartucho y la mordaza y se disparan las
grapas dentro del tejido comprimido cerca de la parte afectada del
pulmón que va a ser extirpada. Se pasa una hoja cortante
longitudinalmente entre las filas interiores de grapas ya formadas,
realizando la transección del tejido. El dispositivo quirúrgico se
quita de la zona quirúrgica y se repite el procedimiento con otro
cartucho de grapas sin disparar, y el procedimiento se repite hasta
que la sección deseada del pulmón sea reseccionada y eliminada. Un
ejemplo de un cortador lineal abierto se da en la patente de EE.UU.
núm. 5.415.334 transferida a Ethicon Endo-Surgery,
Cincinati, Ohio el 16 de mayo de 1995, que se incorpora aquí por
referencia. Un ejemplo de un cortador lineal endoscópico se da en
la patente de EE.UU. núm. 5.597.107 transferida a Ethicon
Endo-Surgery, Cincinati, Ohio el 28 de enero de
1997, que se incorpora aquí por referencia.
Un conocido problema asociado con el uso de
grapadoras quirúrgicas utilizadas de esta manera ha sido la
formación de escapes de aire en el tejido grapado del pulmón. Los
escapes pueden producirse en la línea de corte y/o en los propios
agujeros de las grapas. Frecuentemente el tejido afectado del pulmón
es fino y friable y puede rasgarse en las grapas a medida que el
pulmón se infla. Estos escapes de aire pueden ser persistentes y
pueden aumentar en semanas la estancia hospitalaria del paciente.
Como medio para aliviar estos problemas de escapes, los cirujanos
refuerzan la línea de grapas mediante la aplicación de un material
de refuerzo o apósito en la zona deseada de grapado y grapan a
través del material de refuerzo. El material de refuerzo
proporciona un refuerzo al tejido friable. El tejido es comprimido
contra los orificios de las grapas dando como resultado una
neumostasis incrementada. Esto reduce las probabilidades de que el
tejido se rasgue en la línea de grapas y reduce el desprendimiento
de las grapas en el tejido friable.
Estos materiales de refuerzo típicamente están
montados sobre los miembros de mordaza de un dispositivo quirúrgico
de grapado de forma que cuando se dispara, el material de refuerzo
se grapa en el tejido pulmonar. De forma óptima el tejido pulmonar
es "encerrado" entre dos capas de este material de refuerzo.
Alternativamente, los materiales de refuerzo pueden usarse en un
gran número de otros procedimientos quirúrgicos tales como, aunque
no en sentido limitativo, la histerectomía ovárica, el bypass
gástrico, la anastomosis de tejido intestinal o cualquier otro
procedimiento que requiera el refuerzo de una línea de grapas o una
mayor hemostasis del tejido.
La sujeción de forma liberable el material de
refuerzo en los miembros de mordaza del dispositivo quirúrgico de
grapado presenta un especial reto. El material de refuerzo debe
fijarse de forma segura en las mordazas del dispositivo quirúrgico
de grapado de manera que no se caiga durante su funcionamiento en
condiciones normales y sin embargo debe liberarse fácilmente del
dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado después de disparar las grapas.
Se conoce una gran variedad de medios de fijación adhesivos y
mecánicos. Los medios de fijación tanto adhesivos como mecánicos se
analizarán más adelante y ambos tipos presentan deficiencias.
Un ejemplo de un dispositivo que une un material
de refuerzo a un cortador lineal con adhesivo se describe en la
patente de EE.UU. num. 5.441.193 de Gravener y asociados. Este
dispositivo sujeta materiales de refuerzo en un instrumento
quirúrgico con un adhesivo de cianoacrilato biocompatible. La unión
de adhesivo se aplica a lo largo de las partes del borde del
material de refuerzo y se sitúan líneas punteadas de perforaciones
dentro del material de refuerzo (adyacentes a la línea de pegamento)
de manera que la parte central no pegada del material de refuerzo
pueda rasgarse de las partes pegadas del borde. Sin embargo, las
partes del material de refuerzo que tienen adhesivo aplicado en las
mismas no se pueden separar del dispositivo. Como consecuencia, la
separación del refuerzo del instrumento (después del disparo) puede
ser especialmente difícil, ya que todo el material entre las
perforaciones debe ser rasgado simultáneamente para separar el
dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado del tejido.
\newpage
Lo que se necesitaba era un adhesivo que uniera
de forma liberable el material de refuerzo con el dispositivo
quirúrgico de forma que fuera más fácil para el cirujano separar el
dispositivo quirúrgico de la zona quirúrgica después del disparo.
La patente de EE.UU. num. 5.752.965 de Francis y asociados muestra
la unión del material o de las tiras de refuerzo al dispositivo
quirúrgico de grapado con adhesivo liberable que debe aplicarse
justo antes de su utilización. Se utiliza un accesorio de
alineamiento para alinear el par de tiras de refuerzo, el adhesivo
se aplica en la superficie expuesta de cada tira de refuerzo y las
mordazas del dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado se cierran entonces
sobre el adhesivo y las tiras de refuerzo. Cuando se abren las
mordazas, el material de refuerzo está unido a la mordaza y al
cartucho del dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado con el adhesivo
líquido pegajoso. El adhesivo líquido pegajoso es un adhesivo
compuesto de hidroxipropilmetil celulosa, polipropileno glicol y
agua. En tanto que la sujeción del material de refuerzo se haga de
esta forma se puede obtener un adhesivo liberable. Los efectos
adhesivos del adhesivo líquido pegajoso son temporales. Además, el
proceso de sujeción consume tiempo y el paso de sujeción debe
repetirse en cada disparo. Por último, una vez que el adhesivo
pegajoso se expone al aire, los elementos volátiles del adhesivo
comienzan a evaporarse. Esto limita la aplicación de este adhesivo
pegajoso solamente antes o durante la cirugía. Lo que se necesitaba
era un adhesivo liberable que no se secara o degradara a lo largo
del tiempo. Dicho adhesivo haría posible sujetar el material de
refuerzo en el dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado en la planta de
manufacturación y podría dar como resultado un ahorro tanto de
tiempo como de dinero. La solicitud europea de patente EP 1064883A1
de Leslie Hamilton y asociados muestra un adhesivo liberable de
polímeros de ésteres alifáticos bioabsorbibles no tóxicos que son
sólidos semicristalinos o líquidos pegajosos (de una consistencia
similar a la miel). El adhesivo se caracteriza por ser
autosuspensible a temperatura corporal (37ºC) y preferiblemente
autosuspensible a temperatura ambiente (25ºC). Sin embargo, el
adhesivo puede volverse mucho más fluido a las temperaturas
elevadas (hasta 50ºC) a las que se llega frecuentemente en camiones,
contenedores de envío, vagones de ferrocarril y almacenes. Bajo
condiciones de temperatura elevada, el adhesivo puede migrar a otras
partes del instrumento o del embalaje del instrumento y la
migración puede reducir la resistencia de la unión adhesiva.
Como se desprende del análisis anterior, la
unión de un material de refuerzo a una grapadora quirúrgica con un
adhesivo puede presentar muchos problemas. En la técnica también se
conoce bien la sujeción mecánica de un material de refuerzo a un
dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado y así se evitan los problemas que
se encuentran con los adhesivos. Existen muchos procedimientos de
sujeción mecánica y uno común es la colocación de un manguito sobre
los miembros de pinzamiento del dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado.
Los manguitos pueden estar formados de un tejido flexible tal como
un material de sujeción o pueden contener tiras liberables de
material de sujeción unidas a un tejido diferente. Muchos de estos
manguitos se describen en la patente de EE.UU. num. 5.503.638 de
Cooper y asociados, en la patente de EE.UU. num. 5.702.409 de Raybum
y asociados, en la patente de EE.UU. num. 5.810.855 de Raybum y
asociados y en la patente de EE.UU. num. 5.964.774 de McKean y
asociados.
Aunque los manguitos pueden utilizarse de forma
efectiva para sujetar el material de refuerzo en el efector
terminal del dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado, los manguitos pueden
provocar otras complicaciones durante la cirugía. Por ejemplo, si
el manguito está formado a partir de un manguito sólido de material
de refuerzo, el disparo del dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado
grapa el refuerzo y el tejido y corta el manguito de refuerzo y el
tejido entre las líneas de grapas. Esta acción deja partes de tejido
(sobre cualquier lado de la línea de corte) unidas entre sí
mediante una lámina de material de refuerzo. Esto requiere que el
cirujano vaya y separe el manguito cortado de refuerzo para separar
el tejido cortado y eliminar cualquier parte no deseada del
material de refuerzo. El documento DE 199 24 311 muestra otro
instrumento de grapado circular.
Lo que se necesita es un medio para sujetar de
forma liberable una tira de refuerzo sobre un dispositivo quirúrgico
de grapado, que permanezca efectiva sobre un largo período de
tiempo, perdure operacional a todas las temperaturas que
probablemente se encuentre el producto y se separe fácilmente del
dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado.
La invención se define mediante las
reivindicaciones adjuntas.
De acuerdo con la presente invención, se
presenta un montaje para unir de forma liberable un material de
refuerzo con un miembro de pinzamiento del tejido de un dispositivo
quirúrgico de grapado. El montaje tiene una estructura
substancialmente rígida para conectarse con una superficie superior
de un miembro de pinzamiento de tejido de un dispositivo quirúrgico
de grapado cuando el montaje se dispone sobre el mismo.
Las nuevas características de la invención se
ponen de manifiesto en las reivindicaciones adjuntas. La invención
en si misma, sin embargo, tanto en lo referente a su organización
como a los procedimientos de operación, junto con objetos y
ventajas adicionales de la misma, puede entenderse mejor mediante la
referencia a la siguiente descripción tomada en conjunción con los
dibujos adjuntos, en los cuales:
La figura 1 es una vista isométrica de un
dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado que muestra un efector terminal
que tiene tiras de refuerzo liberablemente unidas a una primera
superficie de pinzamiento de un yunque y liberablemente unidas a
una segunda superficie de pinzamiento de un cartucho de grapas
mediante un adhesivo de fusión en caliente de la presente
invención.
La figura 2 es una vista isométrica ampliada del
efector terminal del dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado de la figura
1 con el yunque seccionado y girado para mayor claridad. La vista
muestra el paso de aplicar el adhesivo de fusión en caliente ya
fundido de la presente invención sobre las primera y segunda
superficies de pinzamiento del efector terminal con un
aplicador.
La figura 3 es una vista isométrica ampliada del
efector terminal del dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado con el
yunque seccionado y girado para mayor claridad. La vista muestra el
paso de unir una tira de material de refuerzo sobre cada una de las
superficies de pinzamiento del tejido mediante la colocación del
material de refuerzo en contacto con el adhesivo de fusión en
caliente ya fundido de la presente de la invención colocado sobre
las mismas.
La figura 4 es una vista despiezada isométrica
del paso de enfriar el adhesivo de fusión en caliente de la
presente invención más allá del punto de endurecimiento, volviéndose
sólido el adhesivo liberable y adhiriendo cada una de las partes
del material de refuerzo en cada una de las respectivas superficies
de pinzamiento del tejido.
La figura 5 es vista isométrica de un
instrumento de grapado circular que muestra aros de refuerzo
colocados sobre el mismo antes del paso de aplicar el adhesivo
fundido de la presente invención sobre un yunque y un cartucho de
grapas del instrumento de grapado circular para la sujeción de los
aros de refuerzo en el mismo.
La figura 6 es una vista isométrica de un
dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado que muestra un efector terminal
que tienen tiras de refuerzo liberablemente unidas a una primera
superficie de un yunque mediante un soporte de yunque, la tira de
refuerzo puede separarse mediante movimiento distal con relación al
dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado.
La figura 7 es una vista despiezada isométrica
de los elementos del soporte de yunque que muestra la trayectoria
de una tira de refuerzo perforada a medida que se monta de forma
liberable en una cubierta de soporte.
La figura 8 es una vista isométrica de los
elementos ensamblados del soporte de yunque de la figura 7.
La figura 9 es una vista distal posterior de un
montaje alternativo de los elementos del soporte de yunque.
La figura 10 es una vista despiezada isométrica
de una realización alternativa de una cubierta de soporte separable
y de la tira de refuerzo perforada.
Las realizaciones de las figuras
1-10 no son parte de la invención.
La figura 11 es una vista isométrica de un
instrumento de grapado circular con un yunque en la posición abierta
y un aro de sujeción unido al yunque, en el que se está uniendo un
aro de refuerzo perforado de forma separable y giratoria sobre el
aro de sujeción.
Ahora con referencia a las figuras, en las
cuales números similares indican el mismo elemento a todo lo largo
de las vistas, la figura 6 muestra un dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de
grapado hecho de acuerdo con la presente invención. El dispositivo
20 tiene el soporte 90 de yunque de la presente invención que sujeta
de forma liberable una tira perforada 100 de refuerzo en el efector
terminal 35. El dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado mostrado es un
endocortador y se conoce bien en la técnica para el pinzamiento,
grapado y corte del tejido corporal. Alternativamente, el
dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado puede ser uno de un número de
otros dispositivos de fijación tal como una grapadora circular, una
grapadora, una aplicadora de clips o cualquiera de un gran número
de dispositivos de fijación o de grapado capaces de efectuar
disparos simples o múltiples. Las grapas o dispositivos de fijación
pueden estar contenidos dentro de un cartucho de grapas formado
íntegramente con el dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado o dentro de
un cartucho de grapas desmontable que puede dispararse o
sustituirse permitiendo múltiples disparos desde el mismo
dispositivo quirúrgico de fijación. El montaje se ilustra en las
figuras 6-11.
El dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado tiene
una empuñadura 25 para ser agarrada por el operador, un eje
alargado 30 que se extiende distalmente desde la empuñadura 25 y un
efector 35 que se extiende distalmente desde el eje 30. El efector
terminal 35 tiene un primer y un segundo miembros de pinzamiento del
tejido, al menos uno de los cuales puede moverse entre una posición
abierta, para recibir el tejido entre ellos, y una posición
cerrada, para grapar el tejido entre ellos. El primer miembro de
pinzamiento del tejido tiene un canal fijo 31 que se extiende desde
el eje 30 y un cartucho desmontable 45 de grapas montado en el
mismo. El segundo miembro de pinzamiento del tejido es un yunque
móvil 40 que se opone al primer miembro de pinzamiento del tejido.
El cartucho 45 de grapas se muestra colocado dentro del canal fijo
37 y contiene una pluralidad de grapas 49 alojadas dentro del
mismo. El yunque móvil 40 está operativamente unido a un gatillo 26
de cierre, que se extiende desde la empuñadura 25, y se mueve en
respuesta al movimiento del gatillo 26 de cierre. El movimiento del
gatillo 26 de cierre desde la posición abierta mostrada en la figura
6 hacia el mango 27 de la empuñadura 25 mueve el yunque 40 desde la
posición abierta de la figura 6 hacia una posición cerrada adyacente
al cartucho desmontable 45 de grapas (no mostrado). El movimiento
de un gatillo 28 de disparo hacia el gatillo 26 de cierre (cuando
el gatillo 26 de cierre y el yunque 40 están en la posición cerrada)
expulsa la pluralidad de grapas 49 contenidas dentro del cartucho
desmontable 45 de grapas. Las grapas 49 son impulsadas desde el
cartucho desmontable 45 de grapas, a través de las tiras 60 y 61 de
refuerzo y son conformadas en forma de "B" (no se muestra)
contra el yunque 40. Un ejemplo de dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de
grapado es el cortador lineal endoscópico TSB35 Edopath® ETS de
Ethicon - Endo Surgery, Creek Road 4545, Cincinnati, Ohio. El
dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado y el cartucho desmontable 45
de grapas se describen en general en la patente de EE.UU. núm.
5.597.107 transferida legalmente.
Según se muestra en la figura 6, la primera tira
60 de refuerzo está liberablemente unida a una primera superficie
46 de pinzamiento de tejido del cartucho desmontable 45 de grapas.
La tira 60 de refuerzo puede estar formada por una amplia variedad
de materiales de refuerzo, incluyendo VICRYL®, producido por
Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, New Yersey; DEXON®, producido por
Sherwood - Davis & Greck, St. Louis, Missouri; y TEFLON®,
producido por E. I. DuPond de Nemours & Co., Wilmington,
Delaware. Adicionalmente, otros materiales incluyen materiales de
origen animal tales como pericardio de bovino curtido, elastómeros
biocompatibles tales como glicólido de \varepsilon - caprolactona
producido por Ethicon Inc., Gargrave, England o cualquier otro de un
número de materiales de refuerzo adecuados. Los materiales o
espumas adecuados de glicólido de \varepsilon - caprolactona son
de especial interés y se describen en la patente de EE.UU. núm.
5.468.253 que se incorpora aquí por referencia. Es un objeto de la
presente invención sujetar de forma liberable las tiras 60 y 61 de
refuerzo en al menos una parte de un dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de
grapado durante largos periodos de tiempo, de hasta dos o más
años.
Las figuras 2-4 muestran los
pasos para sujetar de forma liberable las tiras 60 y 61 de refuerzo
respectivamente en las primera y la segunda superficies 46, 41 de
pinzamiento del tejido del efector terminal 35, con un adhesivo
sólido de la presente invención.
El adhesivo sólido 65 es sólido a temperatura
ambiente (25ºC), sólido a la temperatura del cuerpo (37ºC) y se
funde a temperaturas elevadas. Los adhesivos de este tipo se
denominan adhesivos de fusión en caliente y se aplican como una
adhesivo fundido 66 durante el proceso de pegado. Cuando se enfría
el adhesivo fundido 66, se convierte de nuevo en un adhesivo sólido
65, formando una unión adhesiva. En las figuras 2-4,
se muestra aumentado el efector terminal 35 del dispositivo
quirúrgico 20 de grapado y el yunque 40 se muestra seccionado y
girado para mayor claridad. Alternativamente, el adhesivo 65 de
fusión en caliente puede fundirse mediante un solvente y utilizarse
para adherir las tiras 60, 61 de refuerzo en el dispositivo
quirúrgico 20 de grapado. Cuando se evapora el solvente del
adhesivo fundido 66, este se convierte de nuevo en un adhesivo 65
de fusión en caliente y sujeta las tiras 60, 61 de refuerzo en el
instrumento quirúrgico 20 de grapado.
La figura 2 muestra el primer paso de aplicar el
adhesivo fundido 66 en las primera y segunda superficies 46, 41 de
pinzamiento con un aplicador 70. El aplicador 70 tiene una
empuñadura, 72 una boquilla distal 71 para el suministro del
adhesivo fundido 66, un dispositivo 75 de calentamiento resistivo
(no mostrado) contenido dentro de la empuñadura 72 para fundir el
extremo distal del adhesivo sólido 65 y un cable eléctrico 74. La
conexión del cable eléctrico 74 con una fuente de alimentación 80
activa el dispositivo 75 de calentamiento resistivo. La empuñadura
72 tiene ranuras 77 de refrigeración al lado del dispositivo 75 de
calentamiento resistivo para prevenir el sobrecalentamiento. Estos
tipos de aplicadores 70 de pegamento o adhesivo son bien conocidos
en la técnica como pistolas de pegamento de fusión en caliente y
pueden encontrarse fácilmente para uso doméstico o comercial. Un
excelente ejemplo de pistola de pegamento de fusión en caliente o
aplicador 70 de adhesivo es la pistola de pegamento SHURE BONDER®
Pro 9000 fabricada por FPL Corporation, Wauconda, Illinois,
60084
En la figura 2 se muestra una barra de adhesivo
sólido 65 insertada dentro de una abertura en el extremo próximo de
la empuñadura 72. A medida que se inserta la barra de adhesivo
sólido 65, esta se acopla de forma operativa con un mecanismo de
alimentación (no mostrado) que está conectado de forma operativa con
el gatillo 73 del aplicador. El accionamiento del gatillo 73 del
aplicador mueve la barra de adhesivo sólido 65 distalmente dentro
de la empuñadura hasta que esta se pone en contacto con el
dispositivo 75 de calentamiento resistivo y funde la parte distal
de la barra de adhesivo sólido 65. La aplicación de una presión
adicional sobre el gatillo 73 de aplicador empuja el adhesivo
fundido 66 desde un orificio 76 de la boquilla 71 y mueve la barra
de adhesivo sólido 65 distalmente al interior del aplicador 70.
Aunque la pistola de pegamento de fusión en caliente o aplicador 70
es el procedimiento preferido para la aplicación del adhesivo sólido
65, están disponibles aplicadores de adhesivo alternativos. Estos
aplicadores de adhesivo alternativos incluyen, aunque no en sentido
limitativo, un dispensador de pegamento fundido a presión que aplica
una cinta de adhesivo fundido, un pulverizador que aplica una
pulverización de gotitas fundidas y un rodillo caliente que aplica
un película de adhesivo fundido.
En la figura 2, se muestra el aplicador 70
aplicando varias líneas de adhesivo fundido 66 sobre las primera y
segunda superficies 46, 41 de pinzamiento del tejido del yunque 40 y
del cartucho 45. El adhesivo fundido se aplica en estas superficies
antes del paso de aplicar las tiras 60 y 61 de refuerzo. El adhesivo
fundido 66 se muestra aplicándose sobre la segunda superficie 41 de
pinzamiento del tejido entre los alvéolos 42 para las grapas
estampados en la misma. Las dos líneas de adhesivo fundido 66 se
mantienen con poca longitud sobre la segunda superficie 41 de
pinzamiento del tejido y proporcionan una fuerza de retención
suficiente para sujetar la primera tira 60 de refuerzo sobre la
segunda superficie 41 de pinzamiento del tejido, permitiendo aun
que la primera tira 60 de refuerzo pueda ser fácilmente
separada.
Dos filas más largas de adhesivo fundido 66 se
muestran situadas sobre la primera superficie 46 de pinzamiento
del cartucho 45 de grapas desmontable, entre las filas
longitudinales de ranuras 47 para las grapas. Cada ranura 47 para
las grapas tiene un impulsor 48 (no mostrado) de grapas similar a un
pistón que se mueve desde una primera posición contraída dentro del
cartucho desmontable 45 para las grapas hasta una segunda posición
que se extiende desde la primera superficie 46 de pinzamiento del
tejido. En las figuras 2 y 3, los impulsores 48 de grapas están en
la primera posición contraída dentro de las ranuras 47 para las
grapas del cartucho desmontable 45 para las grapas. Una grapa 49 en
forma de "U" (no mostrada) se coloca dentro de cada ranura 47
para las grapas, encima de los impulsores 48 de grapas contraídos
dentro de las mismas. El movimiento de los impulsores 48 de grapas
hacia la segunda posición expulsa las grapas 49 del cartucho 45 para
las grapas. En estas figuras, los impulsores 48 de grapas y las
grapas 49 están contraídos dentro de las ranuras 47 para las grapas
y no pueden verse. Los cartuchos 45 para las grapas y el movimiento
de los impulsores 48 de grapas y las grapas 49 son bien conocidos
en la técnica y pueden encontrarse en la patente de EE.UU. 5.415.334
de Williamson, IV y asociados.
Tal como se muestra en la figura 3, una vez
aplicado el adhesivo fundido 66, el segundo paso es aplicar las
tiras 60 y 61 de refuerzo sobre sus respectivas superficies 46, 41
de pinzamiento del tejido. Las primera y segunda tiras 60 y 61 de
refuerzo se muestran moviéndose hacia las primera y la segunda
superficies 46, 41 de pinzamiento del tejido y el adhesivo fundido
66. La figura 4 muestra el último paso del proceso de pegado en el
que las tiras 60 y 61 de refuerzo se colocan en posición y se
presionan sobre las respectivas superficies 46, 41 de pinzamiento
del tejido. A medida que las tiras 60, 61 de refuerzo son
presionadas en su sitio, el adhesivo fundido se comprime entre las
tiras 60, 61 de refuerzo y las superficies 46, 41 de pinzamiento
permitiendo que se enfríen de nuevo dentro del adhesivo sólido 65,
sujetando así los refuerzos 60, 61 en el dispositivo quirúrgico 20
de grapado. El disparo del dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado
mueve los impulsores 48 de grapas desde la primera posición dentro
del cartucho 45 hasta la segunda posición, es decir, extendidos
desde la primera superficie 46 de pinzamiento del tejido. Esta
acción simultáneamente levanta y conforma las grapas 46 contra el
yunque 40 y eleva la tira 60 de refuerzo alejándola de la primera
superficie 46 de pinzamiento del tejido del cartucho 45. El
movimiento ascendente de la primera tira 60 de refuerzo rompe la
unión adhesiva entre la tira 60 de refuerzo y la primera superficie
46 de pinzamiento del tejido, liberando la primera tira 61 de
refuerzo del cartucho 45 de grapas.
Alternativamente, la tira 61 de refuerzo puede
adherirse en el cartucho 45 generalmente mediante la colocación del
adhesivo fundido 66 dentro de las ranuras 47 para las grapas y
sujetando la primera tira 60 de refuerzo sobre el cartucho 45. El
adhesivo fundido puede colocarse en las ranuras 47 para las grapas
de dos formas diferentes. Primero, el adhesivo fundido en caliente
puede inyectarse directamente dentro de las ranuras 47 para las
grapas con la pistola de pegamento de fusión en caliente, adhiriendo
la tira 60 de refuerzo en la ranura 47 para las grapas (no se
muestra). Segundo, el adhesivo fundido 66 puede penetrar en las
cavidades 48 de grapas colocando el adhesivo fundido 66 sobre la
primera superficie 46 de pinzamiento del tejido al lado de la
ranura 47 para las grapas (figura 3) y empujándolo al interior de
las cavidades 48 de grapas presionando la primera tira 60 de
refuerzo contra la primera superficie 46 de pinzamiento. El hecho de
presionar empuja algo de adhesivo fundido 66 desde la primera
superficie 46 de pinzamiento del tejido al interior de las ranuras
47 para las grapas adyacentes y la primera superficie 46 de
pinzamiento del tejido (no se muestra). Cuando el adhesivo sólido
66 está dentro de las ranuras 47 para las grapas y se dispara el
dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado, los impulsores 48 de las
grapas y las grapas 49 se mueven hacia arriba dentro de las ranuras
47 para las grapas y se ponen en contacto con el adhesivo sólido 65.
El contacto con los impulsores 48 de las grapas y con las grapas 49
en movimiento expulsa el adhesivo sólido 65 de las ranuras 47 y
rompe la unión adhesiva entre la primera tira 60 de refuerzo y el
cartucho 45 de grapas desmontable.
Así, el adhesivo sólido 65 de la presente
invención se convierte en un adhesivo liberable cuando se utiliza
el disparo del instrumento quirúrgico 20 de grapado para romper la
unión adhesiva entre el cartucho 45 de grapas y la primera tira 60
de refuerzo. Es importante observar que el uso del disparo del
dispositivo 20 de grapado para romper una unión adhesiva no depende
de la composición del adhesivo. Es decir, puede liberarse una
amplia variedad de adhesivos de las maneras anteriormente descritas.
Además de los adhesivos de fusión en caliente, pueden aplicarse
otros adhesivos a temperatura ambiente y se pueden incluir adhesivos
tales como compuestos elastoméricos, siliconas RTV, cauchos
sintéticos y naturales, compuestos anaeróbicos, selladores,
compuestos moldeables tales como compuestos de obturación dental o
materiales maleables tales como ceras. Adicionalmente, pueden
usarse los adhesivos anteriores o cualquiera de un número de otros
adhesivos tales como acrílicos, cianoacrilatos, epoxis y similares
junto con un inhibidor de la unión. Los inhibidores de la unión
actúan como una barrera para reducir la fuerza de la unión adhesiva
y pueden incluir grasas, ceras, liberadores de moldeo, teflones,
siliconas o cualquier otro contaminante superficial que inhiba la
fuerza de unión del adhesivo.
La expulsión de las grapas 49 del cartucho 45 de
grapas desmontable libera también la segunda tira 61 de refuerzo de
la segunda superficie 41 de pinzamiento del tejido y deforma las
grapas 49 en forma de "U" dándoles forma de "B". Las
grapas 49 en forma de "U" son conformadas en forma de "B"
impulsándolas a través de la segunda tira 62 de refuerzo unida a la
segunda superficie 41 de pinzamiento del tejido y contra y contra
loas alvéolos 42 para las grapas dentro del yunque 40. A medida que
el alambre de la grapa 49 es impulsado dentro del alvéolo 42 para
las grapas, los extremos del alambre de la grapa se enrollan en
forma de "B" y desalojan el adhesivo sólido 65 de los alvéolos
42 para las grapas y de la segunda superficie 41 de pinzamiento del
tejido. Esta acción separa la segunda tira 61 de refuerzo del
yunque 40 (no se muestra).
La figura 5 muestra adhesivo fundido 66 que está
siendo usado para sujetar materiales de refuerzo en una grapadora
circular 85. Se muestran los aros 86 de refuerzo separados de unas
primera y segunda superficies circulares 87, 88 de compresión justo
después del paso de pegar los aros 86 sobre las superficies
circulares 88, 87 de compresión con el adhesivo fundido 66. En la
figura 5, el adhesivo fundido 66 se aplica sobre la primera
superficie 87 de compresión y queda oculto.
El adhesivo sólido 65 puede ser cualquiera de
entre una variedad de adhesivos de fusión en caliente que están
comercialmente disponibles. Es preferible que el adhesivo de fusión
en caliente sea biocompatible con el tejido corporal y puede ser
natural o sintético. Como adhesivos de fusión en caliente pueden
usarse polímeros biológicos naturales, y en particular un número de
proteínas biológicas. Estas proteínas pueden incluir colágeno,
gelatina, fibrina, fibronectina, fibrinógeno, elastina, albúmina
del suero, hemoglobina, ovoalbúmina y similares o cualquiera de sus
combinaciones. Adicionalmente, pueden usarse polisacáridos tales
como el ácido hialurónico, sulfato de condroitina, almidón
hidroxietílico, celulosa hidroxietílica, hidroxipropilcelulosa,
carboxietil-celulosa, chitán/chitosán, agarosa y
alginato, solos o en combinación con otros materiales.
Los materiales sintéticos pueden incluir poli
(ácido láctico), poli (ácido glicólico), poli (hidroxibutirato),
poli (fosfacina), poliéster, glicol de polietileno, óxido de
polietileno, poliacrilamida, polihidroxietilmetilacrilato,
polivinipirrolidona, alcohol de polivinilo, ácido poliacrílico,
poliacetato, policaprolactona, polipropileno, nylon y similares.
Además, pueden incluirse también los polímeros biocompatibles
bioabsorbibles adecuados seleccionados, aunque no en sentido
limitativo, entre el grupo que consta de poliésteres alifáticos,
poli (aminoácidos), copoli (éter-ésteres), polialquilenos,
oxalatos, poliamidas, policarbonatos derivados de la tirosina, poli
(iminocarbonatos), poliortoésteres, polioxaésteres,
poliamidoésteres, polioxaésters que contengan grupos amino, poli
(anhídridos), polifosfacenos, biomoléculas (es decir, biocopolímeros
tales como colágeno, elastina, almidones bioabsorbibles) y sus
mezclas.
De especial interés para el adhesivo sólido 65
es un copolímero que es sólido a temperaturas generalmente por
debajo de 40ºC. El copolímero preferido es un copolímero de
\varepsilon - caprolactona o carbonato de trimetileno y
glicólido. Más preferiblemente, el copolímero es un copolímero de
\varepsilon - caprolactona y glicólido. La cantidad de
\varepsilon - caprolactona puede ser de entre 30 y 40 moles por
ciento con glicólido hasta alcanzar el equilibrio. Idealmente,
puede estar compuesto de 36:64 (mol/mol) [poli (\varepsilon -
caprolactona - co - glicólido)]. El copolímero es un elastomérico
que contiene menos de un uno por ciento de monómero sin reaccionar
según se determina mediante espectrografía NMR de protones. La
viscosidad inherente se determina en una solución de 0,1 g/dl de
hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) a 25ºC y puede oscilar entre
aproximadamente 0,8 g/dl y aproximadamente 3,2 g/dl,
preferiblemente entre aproximadamente 0,6 g/dl y aproximadamente 2,4
g/dl y más preferiblemente alrededor de 1,6 g/dl. En una realización
especialmente preferida, tanto el adhesivo sólido preferido como el
material de refuerzo preferido pueden formarse a partir del mismo
material bioabsorbible, glicólido de \varepsilon -
caprolactona.
El adhesivo sólido 65 puede caracterizarse por
ser sólido a temperaturas de hasta 40ºC y se funde sin degradación
a temperaturas elevadas entre 40,1ºC y 600ºC. Los más preferidos son
adhesivos sólidos que se fundan sin degradación a temperaturas
elevadas de entre 120ºC y 240ºC y más preferiblemente a 180ºC. El
copolímero anteriormente descrito puede prepararse de acuerdo con
las descripciones proporcionadas en las patentes de EE.UU. núm.
5.468.253, 5.133.739 y 4.605.730, cada una de las cuales se
incorpora aquí por referencia.
Las figuras 6-11 ilustran otros
dispositivo y procedimiento alternativos para sujetar una tira de
refuerzo sobre un yunque 40 del dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de
grapado de la figura 1. La figura 6 muestra el dispositivo
quirúrgico 20 de grapado con un soporte 90 de yunque fijado al
yunque 40 y una tira de refuerzo separablemente sujeta al soporte
90 de yunque. El soporte 90 de yunque se desliza sobre el yunque 40
y se bloquea sobre el yunque 40 cuando está completamente montado.
El bloqueo puede desengancharse fácilmente para la separación o
sustitución del soporte 90 de yunque.
Tal como se muestra mejor en las figuras
7-9, el soporte 90 de yunque se ensambla a partir de
un armazón o cubierta de soporte 91 y una tira 100 de refuerzo
perforada. La cubierta 91 de soporte es hueca, está conformada para
deslizarse sobre el yunque 40, tiene un cuerpo 92 de soporte con
forma de "U" invertida y tiene un morro 95 que se extiende
distalmente desde el mismo. El morro 95 puede ser romo o atraumático
para evitar daños en los tejidos durante la colocación del
dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado en la zona quirúrgica. Un
miembro 96 de resorte conecta el morro 95 con un extremo distal del
cuerpo 92 del soporte. Un accesorio de bloqueo o retención se sitúa
sobre una superficie interna (no mostrada) del morro 95 para acoplar
de forma liberable el soporte 90 del yunque con el yunque 40 del
dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado. El accesorio de retención 97
puede ser una indentación o una nervadura que se acople con un
accesorio de acoplamiento cóncavo (no mostrado) sobre el yunque 40
del dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado. La elevación del morro 95
para separarlo del yunque 40 (cuando el accesorio 97 de retención
está acoplado con el yunque 40) desvía el miembro 96 de resorte,
levanta el accesorio 97 de retención del accesorio de acoplamiento
cóncavo dispuesto sobre el yunque 40 y desbloquea la cubierta del
soporte del yunque 40. Una pluralidad de accesorios de sujeción, tal
como ganchos 93 en forma de "L", se extienden hacia abajo en
cada lado del cuerpo 92 del portador, con brazos 94 que se
extienden horizontalmente en la dirección distal desde una parte
vertical o primer miembro 93a de los ganchos 93 en forma de
"L". Aunque los ganchos 93 son la realización preferida, picos,
brazos, en la cubierta 91 del portador pueden añadirse solapas,
casquillos o cualquiera de un gran número de medios liberables. La
cubierta 91 del soporte puede estar hecha de un material rígido o
semirígido, tal como plástico de ingeniería, ejemplos del cual
pueden incluir polímeros de cristal líquido, policarbonatos,
poliestirenos o cualquiera de un número de plásticos termoformables
o de plásticos termopolimerizables de tipo sanitario.
Adicionalmente, la cubierta 91 del soporte puede estar formada
también de cualquier material metálico tal como aluminio, acero,
acero inoxidable, cobre o sus combinaciones y aleaciones.
La tira perforada 100 de material de refuerzo es
una lámina rectangular formada a partir de cualquiera de los
materiales de refuerzo anteriormente descritos y tiene filas de
aberturas separadas 101 que se extienden a su través. La tira
perforada 100 de refuerzo se sujeta sobre la cubierta 91 del soporte
ensartando completamente cada brazo horizontal 94 dentro de cada
respectiva abertura 101 de la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo hasta
que las aberturas 101 se pongan en contacto con el primer miembro
93a o con una parte vertical de los ganchos 93 en forma de
"L". El movimiento distal de la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo
con relación a la cubierta 91 del soporte, saca las aberturas 101
fuera de los brazos 94 y libera la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo de
la cubierta 91 del soporte. Así, la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo
se separa de la cubierta 91 del soporte mediante un movimiento
lineal en una dirección. En la figura 7 se disponen flechas para
mostrar la trayectoria de las aberturas 101 a medida que la tira
perforada 100 de material de refuerzo se ensarta sobre los brazos
94.
La figura 8 es una vista isométrica que muestra
el montaje preferido de la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo con la
cubierta 91 del soporte. En este montaje, cada uno de los brazos 94
de los ganchos 93 se muestra colocado en el interior de su
respectiva abertura 101 dentro de la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo.
Cuando los brazos 94 se ensamblan con las aberturas 101, se produce
un ligero abombamiento en los bordes del refuerzo perforado 100
desde la colocación de los brazos 94 hasta las aberturas 101. Cuando
se instala sobre el yunque 40 el montaje preferido de soporte 90
del yunque, la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo se abulta hacia el
exterior desde la cubierta 91 del soporte por la acción de la
segunda superficie 41 de pinzamiento del yunque 40, aplanando la
tira perforada 100 de refuerzo.
La figura 9 es una vista en sección de corte de
un montaje alternativo de la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo con la
cubierta 91 del soporte. En esta figura, los bordes de la tira
perforada 100 de refuerzo están plegados hacia arriba a lo largo de
cada fila de aberturas 101 generalmente en forma de "U". Los
lados verticales del refuerzo perforado 101 en forma de "U" se
colocan entonces dentro de loas ganchos 93 y cada uno de los brazos
94 se ensarta dentro de su abertura respectiva 101. Este
procedimiento de sujeción produce una sección horizontal
generalmente plana sobre la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo una vez
sujeta.
Durante la cirugía, el soporte 90 del yunque se
usa de la siguiente forma. El soporte 90 del yunque (que contiene
una tira perforada 100 de refuerzo) se desliza sobre el yunque
abierto 40 del dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado. Después, el
yunque 40 se cierra y el efector terminal 35 del dispositivo
quirúrgico 20 de grapado se inserta dentro del paciente. El yunque
40 se abre y el efector terminal se coloca sobre el tejido en la
zona quirúrgica seleccionada. El yunque 40 se cierra para pinzar el
tejido entre una segunda superficie 41 de pinzamiento sobre el
yunque 40 y una primera superficie 46 de pinzamiento sobre el
cartucho desmontable 45 de grapas. El dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de
grapado se dispara, grapando la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo
sobre el tejido y separando el tejido y el refuerzo entre las líneas
de grapas. El yunque 40 se abre y el dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de
grapado se extrae sacándolo de la zona quirúrgica. A medida que se
saca el dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado, la tira perforada 100
de refuerzo ya grapada permanece unida al tejido y los brazos 94 de
la cubierta 91 del soporte se deslizan fuera de las aberturas 101
dentro de la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo, liberando la tira
perforada 100 de refuerzo del dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado.
Para recargar el dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado con un nuevo
soporte 90 de yunque, el cirujano debe sacar el dispositivo
quirúrgico 20 de grapado del paciente. Después, el cirujano quita la
cubierta 91 del soporte gastado del yunque 40 levantando el morro
95 para desbloquear el accesorio 97 de retención del yunque 40 y
desliza la cubierta 91 del soporte hacia fuera del yunque 40. Se
desliza un soporte 90 de yunque nuevo sobre el yunque 40 para
finalizar el proceso de recarga.
La figura 10 muestra una cubierta 191 de soporte
desmontable que puede desengancharse simultáneamente tanto del
yunque 40 como de la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo, liberando la
tira perforada 100 de refuerzo del dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de
grapado durante el proceso. La cubierta 191 de soporte desmontable
tiene un cuerpo 192 de cubierta de soporte alargado, ganchos 193
con brazos 194 y un primer miembro 193a que se extiende desde los
mismos y un morro 195. Una lengüeta 198 se extiende desde el extremo
próximo de la cubierta 191 de soporte y tiene una estructura larga
o un cable 199 unido de manera segura a la lengüeta 116. La tira
perforada 100 de refuerzo puede ensamblarse con la cubierta 115 de
soporte desmontable de cualquier forma previamente descrita y
mostrada en las figuras 8 y 9.
Durante la cirugía, la cubierta 191 de soporte
desmontable que tiene la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo unida a la
misma se desliza sobre el yunque 40 del efector terminal 35. El
cable 199 se extiende entonces próximamente desde la cubierta 191
de soporte desmontable a lo largo del eje 30 y finaliza con un
extremo libre adyacente a la empuñadura 25 del instrumento
quirúrgico 20 de grapado. La colocación del efector terminal 35
dentro de un paciente (a través de un trocar) deja el extremo libre
del cable 199 fuera del cuerpo del paciente. Después de pinzar el
efector terminal 35 sobre el tejido y de disparar el dispositivo
quirúrgico 20 de grapado, la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo es
liberada del dispositivo quirúrgico 20 de grapado tirando del cable
199. Al tirar del cable 199 se mueve la cubierta 191 de soporte
desmontable de forma distal y simultáneamente se desengancha del
yunque 40. A medida que la cubierta 191 de soporte desmontable se
mueve distalmente, los brazos 194 son extraídos de las aberturas
101 dentro de la tira perforada 100 de refuerzo liberando la tira
perforada 100 de refuerzo de la cubierta 191 de soporte desmontable
y del yunque 40. La apertura del yunque 40 libera la tira perforada
100 de refuerzo y el tejido sujeto del efector terminal 35. Entonces
se usa el cable 199 para extraer la cubierta 115 soporte
desmontable ya utilizada del paciente a través del trocar.
La figura 11, de acuerdo con la invención,
muestra una realización del refuerzo perforado separablemente unido
al dispositivo de grapado, una grapadora circular 85. En esta
realización, el refuerzo es liberado desde el dispositivo de
grapado circular mediante un movimiento giratorio, en vez de
mediante el movimiento lineal previamente descrito. Según se
muestra, la grapadora circular 85 tiene un yunque circular abierto
89 y un eje longitudinal. Un aro 105 de sujeción se sujeta en el
yunque circular 89 o se forma a partir del mismo. Unos ganchos 106
en forma de lengüeta se extienden distalmente desde el aro 105 de
sujeción hacia el cuerpo del instrumento y tienen unos brazos 106a
en forma de lengüeta. Los brazos 106a en forma de lengüeta se
extienden desde los ganchos 106 en forma de lengüeta en la misma
dirección contraria a la de las agujas del reloj alrededor de la
periferia del yunque circular 89. Los ganchos 106 en forma de
lengüeta están radialmente separados hacia el exterior de manera
que el yunque circular 85 pueda cerrarse completamente sin aplastar
los ganchos 106 en forma de lengüeta.
Se dispone un aro 107 de refuerzo perforado para
sujetarse en los ganchos 106 en forma de lengüeta que se extienden
desde el yunque circular 89. Una pluralidad de lengüetas 108 están
separadas alrededor de la periferia del aro perforado 107 de
refuerzo, extendiéndose una abertura 109 de lengüeta a través de
cada lengüeta 108. Según se muestra, hay cuatro lengüetas 108
igualmente separadas alrededor de la periferia del aro perforado
107 de refuerzo y un número similar de ganchos 106 de lengüeta. Para
sujetar de forma liberable el aro perforado 107 de refuerzo en los
ganchos 106 de lengüeta del aro 105 de sujeción, las aberturas 109
de lengüeta se colocan sobre los brazos 106a de lengüeta y el aro
perforado 107 de refuerzo se hace girar en el sentido de las agujas
del reloj. Asimismo, la rotación en el sentido contrario al de las
agujas del reloj separa un aro perforado 107 de refuerzo
anteriormente sujeto. Alternativamente, los brazos 106a de lengüeta
pueden extenderse en la dirección de las agujas del reloj, en cuyo
caso el aro perforado 107 de refuerzo se hace girar en el sentido
contrario al de las agujas del reloj para su instalación y en el
sentido de las agujas del reloj para su separación. Después de
grapar el aro perforado 107 de refuerzo sobre el tejido, se abre el
yunque circular 89 y se hace tirar la grapadora circular 85 en el
sentido de las agujas del reloj para extraer los brazos 94 de las
aberturas de lengüeta y liberar el aro perforado 107 de la
grapadora circular 85. Ya que la grapadora circular 85 es un
instrumento de disparo único, el aro 105 de sujeción puede estar
unido de forma permanente o desmontable con el yunque circular 89.
Alternativamente, puede sujetarse un aro perforado 107 de refuerzo
sobre la primera superficie circular 88 de compresión sujetando un
segundo aro 105 de sujeción al lado de la primera superficie
circular 88 de compresión con los ganchos 106 de lengüeta
extendiéndose distalmente (no se muestra). Si los aros 105 de
sujeción están sujetos de forma adyacente a ambas primera y segunda
superficies circulares 88, 87 de compresión, debe tenerse cuidado
de orientar ambos conjuntos de ganchos 94 de aro de sujeción para
evitar el contacto durante el cierre, y los brazos 94 de ambos aros
105 de sujeción en la misma dirección (no se muestra). Con los
brazos 94 orientados en la misma dirección, el giro de la grapadora
circular 85 desengancha simultáneamente ambos aros perforados 107
de refuerzo.
Aunque se ha mostrado y descrito una realización
particular de la presente invención, pueden efectuarse modificación
en el dispositivo y/o en el procedimiento sin apartarse del ámbito
de la presente invención.
Claims (4)
1. Un instrumento quirúrgico (85) de grapado
circular para pinzar y grapar tejidos, que comprende:
- a.
- una empuñadura, un primer y un segundo miembros opuestos para pinzar el tejido conectados con dicha empuñadura y que se mueven entre una posición abierta, para recibir el tejido entre ellos, y una posición cerrada, para grapar el tejido entre ellos, alojando dicho primer miembro de pinzamiento una pluralidad de grapas, y
- b.
- un montaje para al menos uno de dichos primer y segundo miembros de pinzamiento, comprendiendo dicho montaje un medio (105) de sujeción y un material (107) de refuerzo unido circunferencialmente alrededor de la periferia de dicho medio (105) de sujeción, apoyándose dicho material (107) de refuerzo contra una superficie de pinzamiento de dicho o de dichos miembros de pinzamiento del tejido, que se caracteriza porque dicho medio de sujeción es una estructura (105) substancialmente rígida unida o formada a partir de al menos un miembro de pinzamiento del tejido.
2. El instrumento (85) de la reivindicación 1,
en el que dicho material (107) de refuerzo tiene una pluralidad de
aberturas (109) alrededor de su periferia que se acoplan con ganchos
(106) alrededor de dicha periferia de dicha estructura (105) para
la sujeción de dicho material (107) de refuerzo en dicha estructura
(105).
3. El instrumento (20, 85) de la reivindicación
1 ó de la reivindicación 2, en el que dicha estructura (91, 105)
está hecha de un plástico substancialmente rígido.
4. El instrumento (20, 85) de una cualquiera de
las reivindicaciones precedentes, en el que dicho material (100,
107) de refuerzo cubre substancialmente dicha superficie inferior de
dicho o de dichos miembros de pinzamiento o de dicho segundo
miembro de pinzamiento.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/850,374 US6656193B2 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2001-05-07 | Device for attachment of buttress material to a surgical fastening device |
| US850374 | 2001-05-07 | ||
| US09/850,369 US6592597B2 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2001-05-07 | Adhesive for attaching buttress material to a surgical fastening device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2318657T3 true ES2318657T3 (es) | 2009-05-01 |
Family
ID=68069418
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES02253132T Expired - Lifetime ES2278875T3 (es) | 2001-05-07 | 2002-05-03 | Dispositivo para fijar un material de refuerzo a una grapadora quirurgica. |
| ES02253133T Expired - Lifetime ES2236446T3 (es) | 2001-05-07 | 2002-05-03 | Adhesivo para fijar un material de refuerzo a un dispositivo de sujecion quirurgico. |
| ES06076509T Expired - Lifetime ES2318657T3 (es) | 2001-05-07 | 2002-05-03 | Dispositivo para la sujecion de un material de refuerzo en un dispositivo quirurgico de fijacion. |
Family Applications Before (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES02253132T Expired - Lifetime ES2278875T3 (es) | 2001-05-07 | 2002-05-03 | Dispositivo para fijar un material de refuerzo a una grapadora quirurgica. |
| ES02253133T Expired - Lifetime ES2236446T3 (es) | 2001-05-07 | 2002-05-03 | Adhesivo para fijar un material de refuerzo a un dispositivo de sujecion quirurgico. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6656193B2 (es) |
| EP (3) | EP1759640B1 (es) |
| JP (2) | JP4248803B2 (es) |
| CN (2) | CN1294883C (es) |
| AU (2) | AU784619B2 (es) |
| CA (2) | CA2384950A1 (es) |
| DE (3) | DE60203024T2 (es) |
| ES (3) | ES2278875T3 (es) |
| MX (2) | MXPA02004509A (es) |
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- 2002-05-03 DE DE60217008T patent/DE60217008T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-03 EP EP02253132A patent/EP1256317B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-03 CA CA002384950A patent/CA2384950A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-05-03 DE DE60230460T patent/DE60230460D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-03 ES ES02253132T patent/ES2278875T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-03 ES ES02253133T patent/ES2236446T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-03 ES ES06076509T patent/ES2318657T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-03 EP EP02253133A patent/EP1256318B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-06 MX MXPA02004509A patent/MXPA02004509A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-05-06 CA CA2384900A patent/CA2384900C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-06 MX MXPA02004507A patent/MXPA02004507A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-05-08 CN CNB021189994A patent/CN1294883C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-08 CN CNB021189870A patent/CN1301685C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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