ES2832713T3 - Sistema integrado para la colocación intravascular de un catéter - Google Patents
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Abstract
Un sistema de colocación de catéter (10) configurado para colocar con precisión un catéter (72) dentro de la vasculatura de un paciente, teniendo el catéter una punta (76A), una luz y un estilete (100) dispuesto en la luz, estando configurado el sistema para emplear al menos dos modalidades para mejorar la precisión de la colocación del catéter: (i) el guiado asistido por ultrasonidos para introducir el catéter (72) en la vasculatura del paciente; y (ii) seguimiento con base magnética de la punta (76A) del catéter durante su avance a través de la vasculatura para detectar y facilitar la corrección de cualquier mala posición de la punta durante tal avance, en el que el sistema (10) comprende: una consola (20) del sistema que comprende: un procesador de control (1122); un sensor de localización de punta (50) para la colocación temporal en una parte del cuerpo del paciente; y una sonda de ultrasonidos (40), en el que el sensor de localización de punta (50) está configurado para detectar un campo magnético del estilete (100) cuando el catéter (72) está dispuesto en la vasculatura y la sonda de ultrasonidos (40) está configurada para obtener imágenes por ultrasonidos de una parte de la vasculatura antes de la introducción del catéter en la vasculatura.
Description
DESCRIPCIÓN
Sistema integrado para la colocación intravascular de un catéter
Referencia cruzada a solicitudes relacionadas
El documento EP 0928976 A2 divulga un método y un sistema para realizar el seguimiento de un objeto dentro de un volumen, que incluye acoplar un dipolo magnético rotatorio a un objeto, medir el campo magnético o bien a distancia sobre la superficie de, o bien de manera exterior al volumen para producir mediciones; y basándose en las mediciones, determinar la posición y orientación del dipolo magnético, para determinar de ese modo una posición y orientación del objeto.
Breve resumen
Resumido de manera breve, las realizaciones de la presente invención se refieren a un sistema de colocación de catéter integrado configurado para colocar con precisión un catéter dentro de la vasculatura de un paciente según la reivindicación 1. El sistema integrado emplea al menos dos modalidades para mejorar la precisión de la colocación del catéter: 1) guiado asistido por ultrasonidos para introducir el catéter en la vasculatura del paciente; y 2) un sistema de localización de punta (“TLS”), o seguimiento con base magnética (por ejemplo, mediante imán/imanes permanente(s) o electroimán/electroimanes) de la punta del catéter durante su avance a través de la vasculatura para detectar y facilitar la corrección de cualquier mala posición de la punta durante tal avance.
En una realización, el sistema integrado comprende una consola de sistema que incluye un procesador de control, un sensor de localización de punta para la colocación temporal en una parte del cuerpo del paciente y una sonda de ultrasonidos. El sensor de localización de punta detecta un campo magnético de un estilete dispuesto en una luz del catéter cuando el catéter está dispuesto en la vasculatura. La sonda de ultrasonidos obtiene imágenes por ultrasonidos de una parte de la vasculatura antes de la introducción del catéter en la vasculatura. Además, la sonda de ultrasonidos incluye controles de entrada de usuario para controlar el uso de la sonda de ultrasonidos en un modo de ultrasonidos y el uso del sensor de localización de punta en un modo de localización de punta.
En otra realización, se incluye una tercera modalidad, es decir, guiado de la punta del catéter basado en señales de ECG, en el sistema para permitir el guiado de la punta del catéter hasta una posición deseada con respecto al nódulo del corazón del paciente desde el que se originan las señales de ECG.
Estas y otras características de realizaciones de la presente invención resultarán evidentes de una manera más completa a partir de la siguiente descripción y reivindicaciones adjuntas, o pueden aprenderse poniendo en práctica realizaciones de la invención tal como se exponen a continuación en la presente memoria descriptiva.
Breve descripción de los dibujos
Se proporcionará una descripción más en particular de la presente descripción haciendo referencia a realizaciones específicas de la misma que se ilustran en los dibujos adjuntos. Se observa que estos dibujos representan sólo realizaciones típicas de la invención y por tanto no debe considerarse como limitativos de su alcance. Se describirán y explicarán realizaciones de ejemplo de la invención con especificidad y detalle adicionales a través del uso de los dibujos adjuntos en los que:
la figura 1 es un diagrama de bloques que representa diversos elementos de un sistema integrado para la colocación intravascular de un catéter, según una realización de ejemplo de la presente invención;
la figura 2 es una vista simplificada de un paciente y un catéter que está insertándose en el mismo con ayuda del sistema integrado de la figura 1;
las figuras 3A y 3B son vistas de una sonda del sistema integrado de la figura 1;
la figura 4 es una captura de pantalla de una imagen por ultrasonidos tal como se representa en una pantalla del sistema integrado de la figura 1;
la figura 5 es una vista en perspectiva de un estilete empleado en relación con el sistema de la figura 1 en la colocación de un catéter dentro de la vasculatura de un paciente;
la figura 6 es un icono tal como se representa en una pantalla del sistema integrado de la figura 1, que indica una posición de un extremo distal del estilete de la figura 5 durante procedimientos de colocación de punta de catéter;
las figuras 7A-7E representan diversos iconos de ejemplo que pueden representarse en la pantalla del sistema integrado de la figura 1 durante procedimientos de colocación de punta de catéter;
las figuras 8A-8C son capturas de pantalla de imágenes representadas en una pantalla del sistema integrado de la figura 1 durante procedimientos de colocación de punta de catéter;
la figura 9 es un diagrama de bloques que representa diversos elementos de un sistema integrado para la colocación intravascular de un catéter, según otra realización de ejemplo de la presente invención;
la figura 10 es una vista simplificada de un paciente y un catéter que está insertándose en el mismo con ayuda del sistema integrado de la figura 9;
la figura 11 es una vista en perspectiva de un estilete empleado en relación con el sistema integrado de la figura 9 en la colocación de un catéter dentro de la vasculatura de un paciente;
las figuras 12A-12E son diversas vistas de partes del estilete de la figura 11;
las figuras 13A-13D son diversas vistas de un conjunto de conector de aleta para su uso con el sistema integrado de la figura 9;
las figuras 14A-14C son vistas que muestran la conexión de un cordón de estilete y un conector de aleta a un sensor del sistema integrado de la figura 9;
la figura 15 es una vista en sección transversal de la conexión del cordón de estilete, el conector de aleta y el sensor mostrados en la figura 14C;
la figura 16 es una vista simplificada de un trazado ECG de un paciente; y
la figura 17 es una captura de pantalla de una imagen representada en una pantalla del sistema integrado de la figura 9 durante procedimientos de colocación de punta de catéter.
Descripción detallada de realizaciones seleccionadas
A continuación se hará referencia a las figuras, en las que a las estructuras similares se les proporcionarán designaciones de referencia similares. Se entiende que los dibujos son representaciones gráficas y esquemáticas de realizaciones a modo de ejemplo de la presente invención, y no son ni limitantes ni están dibujadas necesariamente a escala.
Las figuras 1-17 representan diversas características de realizaciones de la presente invención, que se refiere en general a un sistema de colocación de catéter configurado para colocar de manera precisa un catéter dentro de la vasculatura de un paciente. En una realización, el sistema de colocación de catéter emplea al menos dos modalidades para mejorar la precisión de la colocación del catéter: 1) guiado asistido por ultrasonidos para introducir el catéter en la vasculatura del paciente; y 2) un sistema de conducción/localización de punta (“TLS”), o seguimiento con base magnética de la punta del catéter durante su avance a través de la tortuosa trayectoria de la vasculatura para detectar y facilitar la corrección de cualquier mala posición de la punta durante tal avance. Las características de guiado por ultrasonidos y localización de punta del presente sistema según una realización están integradas en un único dispositivo para su uso por un médico que coloca el catéter. La integración de estas dos modalidades en un único dispositivo simplifica el proceso de colocación de catéter y da como resultado colocaciones de catéter relativamente más rápidas. Por ejemplo, el sistema de colocación de catéter integrado permite ver las actividades de ultrasonidos y TLS en una única pantalla del sistema integrado. Además, pueden usarse controles ubicados en una sonda de ultrasonidos del dispositivo integrado, sonda que se mantiene dentro del campo estéril del paciente durante la colocación del catéter, para controlar la funcionalidad del sistema, excluyendo por tanto la necesidad de que un médico extienda la mano fuera del campo estéril con el fin de controlar el sistema.
En otra realización, una tercera modalidad, es decir, guiado de la punta del catéter basado en señales de ECG, se incluye en el sistema integrado para permitir el guiado de la punta del catéter hasta una posición deseada con respecto al nódulo del corazón del paciente desde el que se originan las señales de ECG. Tal ayuda posicional basada en ECG se denomina también en la presente memoria descriptiva “confirmación de punta”.
La combinación de las tres modalidades anteriores según una realización permite que el sistema de colocación de catéter facilite la colocación del catéter dentro de la vasculatura del paciente con un nivel relativamente alto de precisión, es decir, la colocación de la punta distal del catéter en una posición predeterminada y deseada. Además, debido al guiado basado en ECG de la punta del catéter, puede confirmarse la correcta colocación de la punta sin la necesidad de confirmación por rayos X. Esto reduce a su vez la exposición del paciente a rayos X potencialmente dañinos, el coste y el tiempo que supone el transporte del paciente a y desde el departamento de rayos X, procedimientos de recolocación de catéter caros e incómodos, etc.
Se hace referencia en primer lugar a las figuras 1 y 2, que representan diversos componentes de un sistema de colocación de catéter (“sistema”), designado en general con 10, configurado según una realización de ejemplo de la
presente invención. Tal como se muestra, el sistema 10 incluye generalmente una consola 20, una pantalla 30, una sonda 40 y un sensor 50, cada uno de los cuales se describe más detalladamente a continuación.
La figura 2 muestra la relación general de estos componentes con un paciente 70 durante un procedimiento para colocar un catéter 72 en la vasculatura del paciente a través de un sitio de inserción 73 en la piel. La figura 2 muestra que el catéter 72 incluye generalmente una parte proximal 74 que permanece fuera del paciente y una parte distal 76 que se encuentra dentro de la vasculatura del paciente una vez que se ha completado la colocación. El sistema 10 se emplea para posicionar en última instancia una punta distal 76A del catéter 72 en una posición deseada dentro de la vasculatura del paciente. En una realización, la posición deseada para la punta distal 76A del catéter está próxima al corazón del paciente, tal como en el tercio (1/3) inferior de la vena cava superior (“VCS”). Naturalmente, el sistema 10 puede emplearse para colocar la punta distal del catéter en otras ubicaciones. La parte proximal 74 del catéter incluye además un cilindro 74A que proporciona comunicación de fluido entre la una o más luces del catéter 72 y el uno o más ramales de prolongación 74B que se extienden de manera proximal desde el cilindro.
En la figura 8C se muestra una implementación de ejemplo de la consola 20, aunque se aprecia que la consola puede adoptar una de una variedad de formas. Un procesador 22, que incluye una memoria no volátil tal como EEPROM, por ejemplo, se incluye en la consola 20 para controlar la función del sistema durante el funcionamiento del sistema 10, actuando por tanto como procesador de control. Una interfaz analógica/controlador digital 24 se incluye también con la consola 20 y está en comunicación tanto con el procesador 22 como con otros componentes del sistema para gobernar la interconexión entre la sonda 40, el sensor 50 y otros componentes del sistema.
El sistema 10 incluye además puertos 52 para la conexión con el sensor 50 y componentes 54 opcionales que incluyen una impresora, medios de almacenamiento, teclado, etc. Los puertos en una realización son puertos USB, aunque pueden usarse otros tipos de puertos o una combinación de tipos de puertos para ésta y las otras conexiones de interfaz descritas en la presente memoria descriptiva. Una conexión de energía 56 está incluida con la consola 20 para permitir una conexión operativa a una fuente de alimentación externa 58. También puede emplearse una batería interna 60, o bien con o bien sin una fuente de alimentación externa. Un conjunto de circuitos de gestión de energía 59 está incluido con la interfaz analógica/controlador digital 24 de la consola para regular el consumo y la distribución de energía.
La pantalla 30 en la presente realización está integrada en la consola 20 y se usa para presentar información al médico durante el procedimiento de colocación de catéter. En otra realización, la pantalla puede estar separada de la consola. Tal como se observará, el contenido representado por la pantalla 30 cambia según en qué modo esté el sistema de colocación de catéter: US, TLS o, en otras realizaciones, confirmación de punta por ECG. En una realización, pueden usarse una interfaz de botones de consola 32(véanse las figuras 1, 8C) y botones incluidos en la sonda 40 para que el médico ponga un modo deseado en la pantalla 30 para ayudar en el procedimiento de colocación. En una realización, puede presentarse simultáneamente información de múltiples modos, tales como TLS y ECG, tal como en la figura 17. Por tanto, la única pantalla 30 de la consola 20 del sistema puede emplearse para el guiado por ultrasonidos al acceder a la vasculatura de un paciente, guiado por TLS durante el avance del catéter a través de la vasculatura y (como en realizaciones posteriores) confirmación basada en ECG de la colocación de la punta distal del catéter con respecto a un nódulo del corazón del paciente. En una realización, la pantalla 30 es un dispositivo LCD.
Las figuras 3A y 3B representan características de la sonda 40 según una realización. La sonda 40 se emplea en relación con la primera modalidad mencionada anteriormente, es decir, visualización basada en ultrasonidos (“US”) de un vaso, tal como una vena, como preparación para la inserción del catéter 72 en la vasculatura. Tal visualización proporciona un guiado por ultrasonidos en tiempo real para introducir el catéter en la vasculatura del paciente y ayuda a reducir las complicaciones asociadas normalmente con dicha introducción, lo que incluye punción arterial inadvertida, hematoma, neumotórax, etc.
La sonda 40 manual incluye un cabezal 80 que aloja una matriz piezoeléctrica para producir pulsos ultrasónicos y para recibir ecos de los mismos tras la reflexión por el cuerpo del paciente cuando el cabezal se coloca contra la piel del paciente próximo al sitio de inserción 73 prospectivo (figura 2). La sonda 40 incluye además una pluralidad de botones de control 84, que pueden incluirse en una botonera 82. En la presente realización, la modalidad del sistema 10 puede controlarse mediante los botones de control 84, eliminando por tanto la necesidad de extender la mano fuera del campo estéril, que se establece alrededor del sitio de inserción en el paciente antes de la colocación del catéter, para cambiar los modos mediante el uso de la interfaz de botones de consola 32.
Como tal, en una realización un médico emplea la primera modalidad (US) para determinar un sitio de inserción adecuado y establecer un acceso vascular, tal como con una aguja o introductor, después con el catéter. El médico puede cambiar entonces a la perfección, pulsando botones en la botonera 82 de la sonda, a la segunda modalidad (TLS) sin tener que extender la mano fuera del campo estéril. El modo TLS puede usarse entonces para ayudar en el avance del catéter 72 a través de la vasculatura hacia un destino pretendido.
La figura 1 muestra que la sonda 40 incluye además un controlador de botones y memoria 42 para gobernar el funcionamiento de los botones y la sonda. El controlador de botones y memoria 42 puede incluir una memoria no volátil, tal como EEPROM, en una realización. El controlador de botones y memoria 42 está en comunicación operativa
con una interfaz de sonda 44 de la consola 20, que incluye un componente piezoeléctrico de entrada/salida 44A para la interconexión con la matriz piezoeléctrica de sonda y un componente de botones y memoria de entrada/salida 44B para la interconexión con el controlador de botones y memoria 42.
La figura 4 muestra una captura de pantalla 88 de ejemplo tal como se representa en la pantalla 30 mientras el sistema 10 está en su primera modalidad de ultrasonidos. Se muestra una imagen 90 de una región subcutánea del paciente 70, que representa una sección transversal de una vena 92. La imagen 90 se produce mediante el funcionamiento de la matriz piezoeléctrica de la sonda 40. También se incluye en la captura de pantalla 88 de la pantalla un indicador de escala de profundidad 94, que proporciona información referente a la profundidad de la imagen 90 por debajo de la piel del paciente, una escala de tamaño de luz 96 que proporciona información referente al tamaño de la vena 92 en relación con los tamaños de luz de catéteres convencionales, y otras indicaciones 98 que proporcionan información referente al estado del sistema 10 o posibles acciones para tomar, por ejemplo, fotograma congelado, plantillas de imagen, guardar datos, impresión de imágenes, estado de energía, brillo de imagen, etc.
Obsérvese que aunque en la imagen 90 se representa una vena, en otras realizaciones pueden obtenerse imágenes de otras partes o luces del cuerpo. Obsérvese que el modo US mostrado en la figura 4 puede representarse simultáneamente en la pantalla 30 con otros modos, tales como el modo TLS, si se desea. Además de la pantalla 30 visual, el sistema 10 también puede emplear información auditiva, tal como pitidos, sonidos, etc., para ayudar al médico durante la colocación del catéter. Además, los botones incluidos en la sonda 40 y la interfaz de botones de consola 32 pueden configurarse de una variedad de maneras, incluyendo el uso de controles de entrada de usuario además de botones, tales como conmutadores deslizantes, conmutadores basculantes, paneles electrónicos o táctiles, etc. Adicionalmente, pueden producirse simultánea o exclusivamente actividades tanto de US como TLS durante el uso del sistema 10.
Tal como se acaba de describir, la sonda de ultrasonidos 40 manual se emplea como parte del sistema de colocación de catéter 10 integrado para permitir la visualización por US de la vasculatura periférica de un paciente como preparación para la introducción transcutánea del catéter. Sin embargo, en la presente realización de ejemplo la sonda se emplea también para controlar la funcionalidad de la parte de TLS, o segunda modalidad, del sistema 10 cuando se conduce el catéter hacia su destino deseado dentro de la vasculatura tal como se describe a continuación. De nuevo, como la sonda 40 se usa dentro del campo estéril del paciente, esta característica permite controlar la funcionalidad TLS completamente desde dentro del campo estéril. Por tanto, la sonda 40 es un dispositivo de doble finalidad, que permite un control conveniente de la funcionalidad tanto US como TLS del sistema 10 desde el campo estéril. En una realización, la sonda también puede emplearse para controlar parte o la totalidad de la funcionalidad relacionada con ECG, o tercera modalidad, del sistema de colocación de catéter 10, tal como se describe más adelante.
El sistema de colocación de catéter 10 incluye además la segunda modalidad mencionada anteriormente, es decir, el TLS de catéter con base magnética, o sistema de localización de punta. El TLS permite al médico localizar y confirmar rápidamente la posición y/u orientación del catéter 72, tal como un catéter central de inserción periférica (“PICC”), un catéter venoso central (“CVC”) u otro catéter adecuado, durante la colocación inicial en y el avance a través de la vasculatura del paciente 70. Específicamente, la modalidad TLS detecta un campo magnético generado por un estilete de localización de punta equipado con un elemento magnético, que se precarga en una realización en una luz definida longitudinalmente del catéter 72, permitiendo por tanto al médico determinar la ubicación general y la orientación de la punta del catéter dentro del cuerpo del paciente. En una realización, puede hacerse un seguimiento del conjunto magnético usando las enseñanzas de una o más de las siguientes patentes de EE.UU.: 5.775.322; 5.879.297; 6.129.668; 6.216.028; y 6.263.230. El TLS también presenta la dirección en la que está apuntando la punta del catéter, ayudando por tanto adicionalmente a la colocación precisa del catéter. El TLS ayuda además al médico a determinar cuándo se ha producido una mala posición de la punta del catéter, tal como en el caso en el que la punta se ha desviado de una trayectoria venosa deseada a otra vena.
Tal como se ha mencionado, el TLS usa un estilete para permitir hacer un seguimiento del extremo distal del catéter 72 durante su avance a través de la vasculatura. La figura 5 proporciona un ejemplo de un estilete 100 de este tipo, que incluye un extremo proximal 100A y un extremo distal 100B. En el extremo proximal 100A del estilete está incluido un asidero, extendiéndose un hilo de núcleo 104 de manera distal desde el mismo. Un conjunto magnético está dispuesto de manera distal con respecto al hilo de núcleo 104. El conjunto magnético incluye uno o más elementos magnéticos 106 dispuestos adyacentes entre sí próximos al extremo distal 100B del estilete y encapsulado por tubos 108. En la presente realización se incluye una pluralidad de elementos magnéticos 106, incluyendo cada elemento un imán ferromagnético de forma cilíndrica macizo apilado extremo con extremo con los otros elementos magnéticos. Una punta adhesiva 110 puede ocupar la punta distal de los tubos 108, de manera distal con respecto a los elementos magnéticos 106.
Obsérvese que en otras realizaciones, los elementos magnéticos pueden variar con respecto al diseño no sólo en la forma, sino también en la composición, el número, el tamaño, el tipo magnético y la posición en el segmento distal del estilete. Por ejemplo, en una realización, la pluralidad de elementos magnéticos ferromagnéticos está sustituida por un conjunto electromagnético, tal como una bobina electromagnética, que produce un campo magnético para la detección por parte del sensor. Otro ejemplo de un conjunto que puede usarse en este caso puede encontrarse en la
patente de EE.UU. n° 5.099.845 titulada “Medical Instrument Location Means”. Pueden encontrarse otros ejemplos más de estiletes que incluyen elementos magnéticos que pueden emplearse con la modalidad TLS en la solicitud de EE.UU. n° 11/466.602, presentada el 23 de agosto de 2006 y titulada “Stylet Apparatuses and Methods of Manufacture”. Por tanto, estas y otras variaciones están contempladas por las realizaciones de la presente invención. Debe observarse en la presente memoria descriptiva que “estilete”, tal como se usa en la presente memoria descriptiva, puede incluir una cualquiera de una variedad de dispositivos configurados para la colocación retirable dentro de una luz del catéter para ayudar en la colocación de un extremo distal del catéter en una ubicación deseada dentro de la vasculatura del paciente.
La figura 2 muestra el despliegue del estilete 100 sustancialmente dentro de una luz en el catéter 72 de modo que la parte proximal del mismo se extiende de manera proximal desde la luz del catéter, a través del cilindro 74A y hacia fuera a través de un ramal seleccionado de los ramales de prolongación 74B. Así dispuesto dentro de una luz del catéter, el extremo distal 100B del estilete 100 termina sustancialmente junto con el extremo distal 76A del catéter de modo que la detección por parte del TLS del extremo distal del estilete indica correspondientemente la ubicación del extremo distal del catéter.
El sistema 10 emplea el sensor de TLS 50 durante la operación de TLS para detectar un campo magnético producido por los elementos magnéticos 106 del estilete 100. Como se observa en la figura 2, el sensor de TLS 50 está colocado en el pecho del paciente durante la inserción del catéter. El sensor de TLS 50 se coloca sobre el pecho del paciente en una ubicación predeterminada, tal como a través del uso de referencias corporales externas, para permitir que se detecte el campo magnético de los elementos magnéticos 106 del estilete, desplegados en el catéter 72 tal como se describió anteriormente, durante el tránsito del catéter a través de la vasculatura del paciente. De nuevo, como los elementos magnéticos 106 del conjunto magnético del estilete terminan junto con el extremo distal 76A del catéter 72 (figura 2), la detección por parte del sensor de TLS 50 del campo magnético de los elementos magnéticos proporciona información al médico en cuanto a la posición y orientación del extremo distal del catéter durante su tránsito.
En mayor detalle, el sensor de TLS 50 está conectado operativamente a la consola 20 del sistema 10 por medio de uno o más de los puertos 52, tal como se muestra en la figura 1. Obsérvese que también pueden usarse sin limitación otros esquemas de conexión entre el sensor de TLS y la consola de sistema. Tal como se acaba de describir, los elementos magnéticos 106 se emplean en el estilete 100 para permitir que pueda observarse la posición del extremo distal del catéter 76A (figura 2) en relación con el sensor de TLS 50 colocado sobre el pecho del paciente. La detección por parte del sensor de TLS 50 de los elementos magnéticos 106 del estilete se presenta gráficamente en la pantalla 30 de la consola 20 durante el modo TLS. De esta manera, un médico que coloca el catéter puede determinar generalmente la ubicación del extremo distal del catéter 76A dentro de la vasculatura del paciente en relación con el sensor de TLS 50 y detectar cuándo está produciéndose una mala posición del catéter, tal como el avance del catéter a lo largo de una vena no deseada.
Las figuras 6 y 7A-7E muestran ejemplos de iconos que pueden usarse por la pantalla de consola 30 para representar la detección de los elementos magnéticos 106 del estilete por parte del sensor de TLS 50. En particular, la figura 6 muestra un icono 114 que representa la parte distal del estilete 100, incluyendo los elementos magnéticos 106 tal como los detecta el sensor de TLS 50 cuando los elementos magnéticos están posicionados bajo el sensor de TLS. Como el extremo distal 100B del estilete termina sustancialmente junto con el extremo distal 76a del catéter 72, el icono indica la posición y orientación del extremo distal del catéter. Las figuras 7A-7E muestran diversos iconos que pueden representarse en la pantalla de consola 30 cuando los elementos magnéticos 106 del estilete 100 no están posicionados directamente bajo una parte del sensor de TLS 50, sino que, sin embargo, se detectan cerca. Los iconos pueden incluir mitades de icono 114A y cuartos de icono 114B que se presentan según la posición del conjunto magnético del estilete, es decir, los elementos magnéticos 106 en la presente realización, en relación con el sensor de TLS 50.
Las figuras 8A-8C representan capturas de pantalla tomadas de la pantalla 30 del sistema 10 mientras está en el modo TLS, que muestran cómo se representa el conjunto magnético del estilete 100. La captura de pantalla 118 de la figura 8A muestra una imagen 120 representativa del sensor de TLS 50. Se proporciona otra información en la captura de pantalla 118 de la pantalla, incluyendo un indicador de escala de profundidad 124, indicaciones de estado/acción 126 e iconos 128 correspondientes a la interfaz de botones 32 incluida en la consola 20 (figura 8C). Aunque los iconos 128 en la presente realización son simplemente indicadores para guiar al usuario en la identificación del propósito de los botones correspondientes de la interfaz de botones 32, en otra realización la pantalla puede hacerse táctil de modo que los propios iconos puedan funcionar como interfaces de botón y puedan cambiar según el modo en el que esté el sistema.
Durante las fases iniciales del avance del catéter a través de la vasculatura del paciente tras la inserción en la misma, el extremo distal 76A del catéter 72, que tiene el extremo distal 100B del estilete que termina sustancialmente junto con el mismo, está relativamente alejado del sensor de TLS 50. Como tal, la captura de pantalla de la pantalla indicará “sin señal,” indicando que no se ha detectado el campo magnético del conjunto magnético del estilete. En la figura 8B, el conjunto magnético próximo al extremo distal 100B del estilete ha avanzado hasta estar suficientemente cerca del sensor de TLS 50 como para que lo detecte, aunque no esté aún bajo el sensor. Esto se indica mediante la mitad de icono 114A mostrada a la izquierda de la imagen de sensor 120, que representa que el conjunto magnético del estilete
está posicionado a la derecha del sensor de TLS 50 desde la perspectiva del paciente.
En la figura 8C, el conjunto magnético próximo al extremo distal 100B del estilete ha avanzado por debajo del sensor de TLS 50 de modo que su posición y orientación en relación con el mismo se detecta por el sensor de TLS. Esto se indica mediante el icono 114 en la imagen de sensor 120. Obsérvese que los iconos de botón 128 proporcionan indicaciones de las acciones que pueden realizarse pulsando los botones correspondientes de la interfaz de botones de consola 32. Como tales, los iconos de botón 128 pueden cambiar según en qué modalidad esté el sistema 10, proporcionando por tanto flexibilidad de uso para la interfaz de botones 32. Obsérvese adicionalmente que, como la botonera 82 de la sonda 40 (figuras 3A, 3B) incluye botones 84 que imitan varios de los botones de la interfaz de botones 32, los iconos de botón 128 en la pantalla 30 proporcionan una guía al médico para controlar el sistema 10 con los botones de sonda 84 mientras permanece en el campo estéril. Por ejemplo, si el médico ha tenido que salir del modo TLS y volver al modo US (ultrasonidos), puede pulsarse el botón de control 84 apropiado en la botonera de sonda 82, y puede ponerse inmediatamente el modo US, actualizándose la pantalla 30 para contener la información visual necesaria para la funcionalidad US, tal como la mostrada en la figura 4. Esto se lleva a cabo sin la necesidad de que el médico extienda la mano fuera del campo estéril.
Ahora se hace referencia a las figuras 9 y 10 para describir el sistema de colocación de catéter 10 integrado según otra realización de ejemplo. Al igual que antes, el sistema 10 integrado incluye la consola 20, la pantalla 30, la sonda 40 para la funcionalidad US y el sensor de TLS 50 para la funcionalidad de localización de punta tal como se describió anteriormente. Obsérvese que el sistema 10 representado en las figuras 9 y 10 es similar en muchos aspectos al sistema mostrado en las figuras 1 y 2. Como tal, sólo se comentarán a continuación diferencias seleccionadas. El sistema 10 de las figuras 9 y 10 incluye una funcionalidad adicional en la que puede determinarse la determinación de la proximidad de la punta distal 76A del catéter en relación con un nódulo sinoauricular (“SA”) u otro nódulo que emita impulsos eléctricos del corazón del paciente 70, proporcionando por tanto una capacidad aumentada para colocar de manera precisa la punta distal del catéter en una ubicación deseada próxima al nódulo. También denominada en la presente memoria descriptiva “ECG” o “confirmación de punta basada en ECG”, esta tercera modalidad del sistema 10 permite la detección de señales de ECG desde el nódulo SA con el fin de colocar la punta distal del catéter en una ubicación deseada dentro de la vasculatura del paciente. Obsérvese que las modalidades US, TLS y ECG se combinan a la perfección en el presente sistema 10 y pueden emplearse conjunta o individualmente para ayudar en la colocación del catéter.
Las figuras 9 y 10 muestran la adición al sistema 10 de un estilete 130 configurado según la presente realización. Como resumen general, el estilete 130 del catéter se dispone previamente de manera retirable dentro de la luz del catéter 72 que está insertándose en el paciente 70 a través del sitio de inserción 73. El estilete 130, además de incluir un conjunto magnético para la modalidad TLS con base magnética, incluye un conjunto de sensor por ECG próximo a su extremo distal y que incluye una parte que termina junto con el extremo distal de la punta del catéter para detectar señales de ECG producidas por el nódulo SA. A diferencia de la realización anterior, el estilete 130 incluye un cordón 134 que se extiende desde su extremo proximal que se conecta de manera operativa al sensor de TLS 50. Tal como se describirá más detalladamente, el cordón de estilete 134 permite transmitir señales de ECG detectadas por el conjunto de sensor por ECG incluido en una parte distal del estilete 130 al sensor de TLS 50 durante la confirmación de la localización de la punta del catéter como parte de la modalidad de confirmación de punta basada en señales de ECG. Se acoplan pares de cable/electrodo 158 de ECG de referencia y de tierra al cuerpo del paciente 70 y se acoplan de manera operativa al sensor de TLS 50 para permitir que el sistema elimine mediante filtración la actividad eléctrica de alto nivel no relacionada con la actividad eléctrica del nódulo SA del corazón, permitiendo por tanto la funcionalidad de confirmación de punta basada en ECG. Junto con las señales de referencia y de tierra recibidas desde los pares de cable/electrodo 158 de ECG colocados sobre la piel del paciente, las señales de ECG detectadas por el conjunto de sensor por ECG de estilete se reciben por el sensor de t Ls 50 posicionado sobre el pecho del paciente (figura 10). El sensor de TLS 50 y/o el procesador de consola 22 pueden procesar los datos de señales de ECG para producir una forma de onda de electrocardiograma en la pantalla 30, tal como se describirá. En el caso en el que el sensor de TLS 50 procesa los datos de señales de ECG, se incluye un procesador en el mismo para realizar la funcionalidad pretendida. Si la consola 20 procesa los datos de señales de ECG, puede usarse el procesador 22, el controlador 24 u otro procesador en la consola para procesar los datos.
Por tanto, a medida que se hace avanzar a través de la vasculatura del paciente, el catéter 72 equipado con el estilete 130 tal como se describió anteriormente puede avanzar por debajo del sensor de TLS 50, que está posicionado sobre el pecho del paciente tal como se muestra en la figura 10. Esto permite que el sensor de TLS 50 detecte la posición del conjunto magnético del estilete 130, que termina sustancialmente junto con la punta distal 76A del catéter ubicado dentro de la vasculatura del paciente. La detección por parte del sensor de TLS 50 del conjunto magnético del estilete se representa en la pantalla 30 durante el modo ECG. La pantalla 30 representa además durante el modo ECG una forma de onda de electrocardiograma ECG producida como resultado de la actividad eléctrica del corazón del paciente detectada por el conjunto de sensor por ECG del estilete 130. En mayor detalle, la actividad eléctrica de ECG del nódulo SA, incluyendo la onda P de la forma de onda, se detecta por el conjunto de sensor por ECG del estilete (descrito más adelante) y se envía al sensor de TLS 50 y la consola 20. La actividad eléctrica de ECG se procesa entonces para su representación en la pantalla 30. El médico que coloca el catéter puede observar entonces los datos de ECG para determinar la colocación óptima de la punta distal 76A del catéter 72, tal como próxima al nódulo SA en una realización. En una realización, la consola 20 incluye los componentes electrónicos, tal como el procesador 22
(figura 9) necesario para recibir y procesar las señales detectadas por el conjunto de sensor por ECG de estilete. En otra realización, el sensor de TLS 50 puede incluir los componentes electrónicos necesarios que procesan las señales de ECG.
Tal como ya se comentó, la pantalla 30 se usa para presentar información al médico durante el procedimiento de colocación de catéter. El contenido de la pantalla 30 cambia según en qué modo esté el sistema de colocación de catéter: US, TLS o ECG. Cualquiera de los tres modos puede ponerse inmediatamente en la pantalla 30 por parte del médico, y en algunos casos puede presentarse simultáneamente información de múltiples modos, tales como TLS y ECG. En una realización, como anteriormente, el modo en el que está el sistema puede controlarse mediante los botones de control 84 incluidos en la sonda manual 40, eliminando por tanto la necesidad de que el médico extienda la mano fuera del campo estéril (tal como tocando la interfaz de botones 32 de la consola 20) para cambiar los modos. Por tanto, en la presente realización la sonda 40 se emplea también para controlar parte o la totalidad de la funcionalidad relacionada con ECG del sistema 10. Obsérvese que también pueden usarse la interfaz de botones 32 u otras configuraciones de entrada para controlar la funcionalidad del sistema. Adicionalmente, además de la pantalla 30 visual, el sistema también puede emplear información auditiva, tal como pitidos, sonidos, etc., para ayudar al médico durante la colocación del catéter.
Ahora se hace referencia a las figuras 11-12E para describir diversos detalles de una realización del estilete 130 que se carga de manera retirable en el catéter 72 y se emplea durante la inserción para posicionar la punta distal 76A del catéter en una ubicación deseada dentro de la vasculatura del paciente. Tal como se muestra, el estilete 130 retirado del catéter define un extremo proximal 130A y un extremo distal 130B. Un conector 132 está incluido en el extremo proximal 130A del estilete, y un cordón 134 se extiende de manera distal desde el conector y se acopla a un asidero 136. Un hilo de núcleo 138 se extiende de manera distal desde el asidero 136. El estilete 130 se carga previamente dentro de una luz del catéter 72 en una realización de modo que el extremo distal 130B está sustancialmente alineado, o termina junto, con la abertura de catéter en el extremo distal 76A del mismo (figura 10), y de modo que una parte proximal del hilo de núcleo 138, el asidero 136 y el cordón 134 se extiende de manera proximal desde un tubo seleccionado de los tubos de prolongación 74B. Obsérvese que, aunque se describe en la presente memoria descriptiva como estilete, en otras realizaciones un hilo guía u otro aparato de guía de catéter puede incluir los principios de la realización descrita en la presente memoria descriptiva.
El hilo de núcleo 138 define una forma alargada y se compone de un material de estilete adecuado que incluye acero inoxidable o un material con memoria tal como, en una realización, una aleación que contiene níquel y titanio conocida comúnmente con el acrónimo “nitinol”. Aunque no se muestra en este caso, la fabricación del hilo de núcleo 138 a partir de nitinol en una realización permite que la parte del hilo de núcleo correspondiente a un segmento distal del estilete tenga una configuración curvada preconformada para hacer que la parte distal del catéter 72 tenga una configuración curvada similar. En otras realizaciones, el hilo de núcleo no incluye una conformación previa. Además, la construcción de nitinol confiere capacidad de torsión al hilo de núcleo 138 para permitir que se manipule un segmento distal del estilete 130 mientras está dispuesto dentro de la luz del catéter 72, lo que a su vez permite conducir la parte distal del catéter a través de la vasculatura durante la inserción del catéter.
El asidero 136 está previsto para permitir la inserción/retirada del estilete del catéter 72. En realizaciones en las que el hilo de núcleo 138 del estilete tiene capacidad de torsión, el asidero 136 permite además que se haga rotar el hilo de núcleo dentro de la luz del catéter 72, para ayudar en la conducción de la parte distal del catéter a través de la vasculatura del paciente 70.
El asidero 136 se acopla a un extremo distal del cordón 134. En la presente realización, el cordón 134 es un cable apantallado flexible que aloja uno o más hilos conductores conectados eléctricamente tanto al hilo de núcleo 138, que actúa como conjunto de sensor por ECG al que se hizo referencia anteriormente, como al conector de cordón 132. Como tal, el cordón 134 proporciona un trayecto conductor desde la parte distal del hilo de núcleo 138 hasta el conector de cordón 132 en el extremo proximal 130a del estilete 130. Tal como se explicará, el conector de cordón 132 está configurado para una conexión operativa al sensor de TLS 50 en el pecho del paciente para ayudar en la conducción de la punta del catéter distal 76A hasta una ubicación deseada dentro de la vasculatura del paciente.
Como se observa en las figuras 12B-12D, una parte distal del hilo de núcleo 138 se estrecha gradualmente, o se reduce en diámetro, de manera distal desde un punto de unión 142. Un manguito 140 se desliza sobre la parte de hilo de núcleo de diámetro reducido. Aunque en este caso sea de un diámetro relativamente grande, el manguito en otra realización puede dimensionarse para coincidir sustancialmente con el diámetro de la parte proximal del hilo de núcleo del estilete. El estilete 130 incluye además un conjunto magnético dispuesto próximo al extremo distal 130B del mismo para su uso durante el modo TLS. El conjunto magnético en la realización ilustrada incluye una pluralidad de elementos magnéticos 144 interpuestos entre una superficie externa del hilo de núcleo 138 de diámetro reducido y una superficie interna del manguito 140 próximo al extremo distal 130B del estilete. En la presente realización, los elementos magnéticos 144 incluyen 20 imanes ferromagnéticos de forma cilíndrica maciza apilados extremo con extremo de una manera similar al estilete 100 de la figura 2. Sin embargo, en otras realizaciones, el/los elementos magnético(s) pueden variar con respecto a este diseño no sólo en la forma, sino también en la composición, el número, el tamaño, el tipo magnético y la posición en el estilete. Por ejemplo, en una realización la pluralidad de imanes del conjunto magnético se sustituye por una bobina electromagnética que produce un campo magnético para la detección por parte del sensor
de TLS. Por tanto, estas y otras variaciones están contempladas por las realizaciones de la presente invención.
Los elementos magnéticos 144 se emplean en la parte de estilete 130 distal para permitir que la posición del extremo distal 130B del estilete pueda observarse en relación con el sensor de TLS 50 colocado sobre el pecho del paciente. Tal como se ha mencionado, el sensor de TLS 50 está configurado para detectar el campo magnético de los elementos magnéticos 144 a medida que el estilete avanza con el catéter 72 a través de la vasculatura del paciente. De esta manera, un médico que coloca el catéter 72 puede determinar generalmente la ubicación del extremo distal del catéter 76A dentro de la vasculatura del paciente y detectar cuándo se produce una mala posición del catéter, tal como el avance del catéter a lo largo de una vena no deseada, por ejemplo.
El estilete 130 incluye además el conjunto de sensor por ECG mencionado anteriormente, según una realización. El conjunto de sensor por ECG permite emplear el estilete 130, dispuesto en una luz del catéter 72 durante la inserción, en la detección de una señal de ECG intraauricular producida por un nódulo SA u otro nódulo del corazón del paciente, permitiendo de ese modo una conducción de la punta distal 76A del catéter 72 hasta una ubicación predeterminada dentro de la vasculatura próxima al corazón del paciente. Por tanto, el conjunto de sensor por ECG sirve como ayuda para confirmar la colocación apropiada de la punta distal 76A del catéter.
En la realización ilustrada en las figuras 11-12E, el conjunto de sensor por ECG incluye una parte distal del hilo de núcleo 138 dispuesto próximo el extremo distal 130B del estilete. El hilo de núcleo 138, que es eléctricamente conductor, permite que se detecten señales de ECG mediante el extremo distal del mismo y se transmitan de manera proximal a lo largo del hilo de núcleo. Un material conductor 146, tal como una resina epoxídica conductora, ocupa una parte distal del manguito 140 adyacente a la terminación distal del hilo de núcleo 138 para estar en comunicación conductora con el extremo distal del hilo de núcleo. Esto aumenta a su vez la superficie conductora del extremo distal 130B del estilete 130 para mejorar su capacidad para detectar señales de ECG.
Antes de la colocación del catéter, el estilete 130 se carga en una luz del catéter 72. Obsérvese que el estilete 130 puede venir precargado en la luz del catéter desde el fabricante, o cargarse en el catéter por el médico antes de la inserción del catéter. El estilete 130 está dispuesto dentro de la luz del catéter de modo que el extremo distal 130B del estilete 130 termina sustancialmente junto con la punta distal 76A del catéter 72, colocando por tanto las puntas distales tanto del estilete como del catéter en alineación sustancial entre sí. La terminación conjunta del catéter 72 y el estilete 130 permite que el conjunto magnético funcione con el sensor de TLS 50 en modo TLS para hacer un seguimiento de la posición de la punta distal 76A del catéter a medida que avanza dentro de la vasculatura del paciente, tal como se ha descrito. Obsérvese, sin embargo, que para la funcionalidad de confirmación de punta del sistema 10 no es necesario que el extremo distal 130B del estilete 130 termine junto con el extremo distal del catéter 76A. Más bien, todo lo que se requiere es que se establezca un trayecto conductor entre la vasculatura y el conjunto de sensor por ECG, en este caso el hilo de núcleo 138, de modo que puedan detectarse los impulsos eléctricos del nódulo SA u otro nódulo del corazón del paciente. Este trayecto conductor en una realización puede incluir diversos componentes incluyendo solución salina, sangre, etc.
En una realización, una vez que el catéter 72 se ha introducido en la vasculatura del paciente a través del sitio de inserción 73 (figura 10) puede emplearse el modo TLS del sistema 10 tal como ya se ha descrito para hacer avanzar la punta distal 76A del catéter hacia su destino previsto próximo al nódulo SA. Tras aproximarse a la región del corazón, el sistema 10 puede conmutarse al modo ECG para permitir la detección de las señales de ECG emitidas por el nódulo SA. A medida que el catéter cargado con el estilete se hace avanzar hacia el corazón del paciente, el conjunto de sensor por ECG eléctricamente conductor, incluyendo el extremo distal del hilo de núcleo 138 y el material conductor 146, comienza a detectar los impulsos eléctricos producidos por el nódulo SA. Como tal, el conjunto de sensor por ECG sirve como electrodo para detectar las señales de ECG. El hilo de núcleo 138 alargado proximal al extremo distal del hilo de núcleo sirve como trayectoria conductora para transmitir los impulsos eléctricos producidos por el nódulo SA y recibidos por el conjunto de sensor por ECG al cordón 134.
El cordón 134 transfiere las señales de ECG al sensor de TLS 50 colocado temporalmente sobre el pecho del paciente. El cordón 134 está conectado operativamente al sensor de TLS 50 a través del conector de cordón 132 u otra configuración de conexión directa o indirecta adecuada. Tal como se ha descrito, la señal de ECG puede procesarse y representarse entonces en la pantalla 30 del sistema (figuras 9, 10). La monitorización de la señal de e Cg recibida por el sensor de TLS 50 y presentada por la pantalla 30 permite a un médico observar y analizar cambios en la señal a medida que la punta distal 76A del catéter avanza hacia el nódulo SA. Cuando la señal de ECG recibida coincide con un perfil deseado, el médico puede determinar que la punta distal 76A del catéter ha alcanzado una posición deseada con respecto al nódulo SA. Tal como se ha mencionado, en una realización esta posición deseada se encuentra dentro del tercio (1/3) inferior de la VCS.
El conjunto de sensor por ECG y el conjunto magnético pueden trabajar conjuntamente para ayudar a un médico en la colocación de un catéter dentro de la vasculatura. Generalmente, el conjunto magnético del estilete 130 ayuda al médico en la conducción de manera general por la vasculatura desde la inserción inicial del catéter para colocar el extremo distal 76A del catéter 72 en la región general del corazón del paciente. El conjunto de sensor por ECG puede emplearse entonces para guiar el extremo distal del catéter 76A hasta la ubicación deseada dentro de la VCS permitiendo al médico observar cambios en las señales de ECG producidas por el corazón a medida que el conjunto
de sensor por ECG de estilete se aproxima al nódulo SA. De nuevo, una vez que se observa un perfil de señal de ECG adecuado, el médico puede determinar que los extremos distales tanto del estilete 130 como del catéter 72 han llegado a la ubicación deseada con respecto al corazón del paciente. Una vez que se ha posicionado como se desea, el catéter 72 puede fijarse en su sitio y retirarse el estilete 130 de la luz del catéter. Se observa en este caso que el estilete puede incluir una de una variedad de configuraciones además de la descrita explícitamente en la presente memoria descriptiva. En una realización, el estilete puede acoplarse directamente a la consola en lugar de un acoplamiento indirecto a través del sensor de TLS. En otra realización, la estructura del estilete 130 que permite sus funcionalidades relacionadas con TLS y ECG puede integrarse en la propia estructura del catéter. Por ejemplo, el conjunto magnético y/o el conjunto de sensor por ECG pueden incorporarse, en una realización, en la pared del catéter.
Las figuras 13A-15 describen diversos detalles en relación con el paso de los datos de señales de ECG desde el cordón de estilete 134 al sensor de TLS 50 posicionado sobre el pecho del paciente, según la presente realización. En particular, esta realización se refiere al paso de datos de señales de ECG desde un campo estéril que rodea al catéter 72 y al sitio de inserción 73, que incluye el estilete 130 y el cordón 134, y un campo no estéril, tal como el pecho del paciente sobre el que está posicionado el sensor de TLS. Tal paso no debe alterar el campo estéril de modo que la esterilidad del mismo se vea comprometida. Un paño estéril que se posiciona sobre el paciente 70 durante el procedimiento de inserción del catéter define la mayoría del campo estéril: las zonas por encima del paño son estériles, mientras que las zonas por debajo (excluyendo el sitio de inserción y la región inmediatamente circundante) no son estériles. Tal como se observará, la discusión a continuación incluye al menos un primer nódulo de comunicación asociado con el estilete 130, y un segundo nódulo de comunicación asociado con el sensor de TLS 50 que se conectan operativamente entre sí para permitir la transferencia de datos de señales de ECG entre los mismos.
Una realización que aborda el paso de datos de señales de ECG desde el campo estéril al campo no estéril sin comprometer la esterilidad del primero se representa en las figuras 13A-15, que representan una implementación “a través del paño” también denominada implementación de “aleta de tiburón”. En particular, la figura 14A muestra el sensor de TLS 50 tal como se describió anteriormente para su colocación sobre el pecho del paciente durante un procedimiento de inserción de catéter. El sensor de TLS 50 incluye en una superficie superior del mismo una base de conector 152 que define un canal 152A en el que están dispuestos tres contactos eléctricos 154 de base. Un conector de aleta 156, también mostrado en las figuras 13A-13D, está dimensionado para recibirse de manera deslizante por el canal 152A de la base de conector 152, tal como se muestra en las figuras 14B y 15. Dos pares de cable/electrodo de ECG 158 se extienden desde el conector de aleta 156 para su colocación en el hombro y el torso u otras ubicaciones externas adecuadas sobre el cuerpo del paciente. El conector de cordón 132 de perforación del paño está configurado para acoplarse de manera deslizante con una parte del conector de aleta 156, tal como se describirá adicionalmente más adelante, para completar una trayectoria conductora desde el estilete 120, a través del campo estéril hasta el sensor de TLS 50.
Las figuras 13A-13D muestran aspectos adicionales del conector de aleta 156. En particular, el conector de aleta 156 define una parte de cilindro inferior 160 que está dimensionada para recibirse en el canal 152A de la base de conector 152 (figuras 14B, 15). Un orificio 162 rodeado por un cono de centrado 164 está incluido en un extremo trasero de una parte de cilindro superior 166. La parte de cilindro superior 166 está dimensionada para recibir el conector de cordón 132 del estilete 130 (figuras 14C, 15) de modo que se guía un contacto de clavija 170 que se extiende al interior de un canal 172 del conector de cordón 132 (figura 15) mediante el orificio de centrado hasta que se asienta dentro del orificio 162 del conector de aleta 156, interconectando por tanto el conector de cordón con el conector de aleta. Una característica de enganche, tal como la característica de enganche 169 mostrada en las figuras 13C y 13D, puede estar incluida en el conector de aleta 156 para engancharse con una característica correspondiente en el conector de cordón 132 para ayudar a mantener un acoplamiento entre los dos componentes.
La figura 13D muestra que el conector de aleta 156 incluye una pluralidad de contactos eléctricos 168. En la presente realización están incluidos tres contactos 168: los dos contactos delanteros conectados eléctricamente cada uno con un extremo terminal de uno de los cables de ECG 158, y el contacto trasero que se extiende en la proximidad axial del orificio 162 para conectarse eléctricamente con el contacto de clavija 170 del conector de cordón 132 cuando el último está acoplado con el conector de aleta 156 (figura 15). Una parte inferior de cada contacto 168 del conector de aleta 156 está posicionada para conectarse eléctricamente con un contacto correspondiente de los contactos de base 154 de la base de conector 152 del sensor de TLS.
La figura 14B muestra una primera fase de conexión, en la que el conector de aleta 156 está acoplado de manera retirable con la base de conector 152 del sensor de TLS mediante el enganche deslizante de la parte de cilindro inferior 160 del conector de aleta con el canal de base 152A de conector. Este enganche conecta eléctricamente los contactos de base 154 de conector con los contactos de aleta 168 correspondientes.
La figura 14C muestra una segunda fase de conexión, en la que el conector de cordón 132 está acoplado de manera retirable con el conector de aleta 156 mediante el enganche deslizante del canal de conector de cordón 172 con la parte de cilindro superior 166 del conector de aleta. Este enganche conecta eléctricamente el contacto de clavija 170 del conector de cordón con el contacto trasero 168 del conector de aleta 156, como puede observarse de la mejor manera en la figura 15. En la presente realización, el movimiento deslizante horizontal del conector de cordón 132 con respecto al conector de aleta 156 es en el mismo sentido de enganche que cuando el conector de aleta se acopla de
manera deslizante con el canal de base 152A de conector del sensor (figura 14B). En una realización, uno o ambos del estilete 130/conector de cordón 132 y del conector de aleta 156 son desechables. Además, en una realización, el conector de cordón puede acoplarse con el conector de aleta tras haberse acoplado el conector de aleta con el sensor de TLS, mientras que en otra realización el conector de cordón puede acoplarse en primer lugar con el conector de aleta a través del paño quirúrgico antes de acoplar el conector de aleta con el sensor de TLS.
En el esquema de conexión mostrado en la figura 14C, el estilete 130 está conectado operativamente con el sensor de TLS 50 por medio del conector de cordón 132, permitiendo por tanto que el conjunto de sensor por ECG del estilete comunique señales de ECG al sensor de TLS. Además, los pares de cable/electrodo 158 de ECG están conectados operativamente al sensor de TLS 50. Por tanto, en una realización, el conector de cordón 132 se denomina primer nódulo de comunicación para el estilete 130, mientras que el conector de aleta 156 se denomina segundo nódulo de comunicación para el sensor de TLS 50.
Obsérvese que pueden emplearse otros diversos esquemas y estructuras de conexión para establecer una comunicación operativa entre el estilete y el sensor de TLS. Por ejemplo, el conector de cordón puede usar un contacto de corte en lugar de un contacto de clavija para perforar el paño. O el conector de aleta puede estar formado de manera solidaria con el sensor de TLS. Por tanto, estas y otras configuraciones están comprendidas dentro del alcance de las realizaciones de la presente descripción.
Como se observa en la figura 15, un paño estéril 174 usado durante la colocación del catéter para establecer un campo estéril se interpone entre la interconexión del conector de cordón 132 con el conector de aleta 156. Tal como se acaba de describir, el conector de cordón 132 incluye el contacto de clavija 170 que está configurado para perforar el paño 174 cuando los dos componentes están acoplados. Esta perforación forma un pequeño orificio, o perforación 175, en el paño estéril 174 que ocupa el contacto de clavija 170, minimizando por tanto el tamaño de la perforación en el paño por el contacto de clavija. Además, el ajuste entre el conector de cordón 132 y el conector de aleta 156 es tal que la perforación en el paño estéril realizada por la perforación del contacto de clavija 170 está rodeada por el canal de conector de cordón 172, conservando por tanto la esterilidad del paño e impidiendo una rotura en el paño que podría comprometer el campo estéril establecido por el mismo. El canal de conector de cordón 172 está configurado para plegar el paño estéril 174 hacia abajo antes de la perforación mediante el contacto de clavija 170 de modo que el contacto de clavija no perfora el paño hasta que está dispuesto próximo al orificio 162 del conector de aleta 156. Se observa en este caso que el conector de cordón 132 y un conector de aleta 156 están configurados para facilitar la alineación entre los mismos de manera ciega a través del paño estéril 174 opaco, es decir, a través de palpación sin visualización por parte del médico de ambos componentes.
Obsérvese además que los contactos de aleta 168 del conector de aleta 156 tal como se muestra en la figura 15 están configurados para acoplarse con los contactos de base 154 del sensor de tal manera que se ayuda a retener el conector de aleta enganchado con el canal de base 152A del sensor. Esto reduce a su vez la necesidad de un aparato adicional para fijar el conector de aleta 156 al sensor de TLS 50.
La figura 16 muestra una forma de onda 176 de ECG típica, incluyendo una onda P y un complejo QRS. Generalmente, la amplitud de la onda P varía en función de la distancia del conjunto de sensor por ECG desde el nódulo SA, lo que produce la forma de onda 176. Un médico puede usar esta relación a la hora de determinar cuándo está posicionada apropiadamente la punta del catéter próxima al corazón. Por ejemplo, en una implementación la punta del catéter se coloca de manera deseable dentro del tercio (1/3) inferior de la vena cava superior, tal como se ha comentado. Los datos de ECG detectados por el conjunto de sensor por ECG del estilete 130 se usan para reproducir formas de onda tales como la forma de onda 176, para su representación en la pantalla 30 del sistema 10 durante el modo ECG.
A continuación se hace referencia a la figura 17 para describir aspectos de presentación de datos de señales de ECG en la pantalla 30 cuando el sistema 10 está en el modo ECG, la tercera modalidad descrita más arriba, según una realización. La captura de pantalla 178 de la pantalla 30 incluye elementos de la modalidad TLS, incluyendo una imagen 120 representativa del sensor de TLS 50, y puede incluir el icono 114 correspondiente a la posición del extremo distal del estilete 130 durante el tránsito a través de la vasculatura del paciente. La captura de pantalla 178 incluye además una ventana 180 en la que se presenta la forma de onda de ECG actual capturada por el conjunto de sensor por ECG del estilete 130 y procesada por el sistema 10. La ventana 180 se actualiza continuamente a medida que se detectan nuevas formas de onda.
La ventana 182 incluye una representación sucesiva de las formas de onda de ECG detectadas más recientes, e incluye una barra de actualización 182A, que se mueve lateralmente para actualizar las formas de onda a medida que se detectan. La ventana 184A se usa para presentar una forma de onda de ECG de referencia, capturada antes de llevar el conjunto de sensor por ECG a la proximidad del nódulo SA, con fines comparativos para ayudar al médico a determinar cuándo se ha alcanzado la localización de punta de catéter deseada. Las ventanas 184B y 184C pueden archivarse con formas de onda de ECG detectadas seleccionadas por el usuario cuando el usuario pulsa un botón predeterminado en la sonda 40 o la interfaz de botones de consola 32. Las formas de onda en las ventanas 184B y 184C se conservan hasta que se sobrescriben con nuevas formas de onda como resultado de la selección del usuario mediante pulsaciones de botón u otras entradas. Tal como en los modos anteriores, la escala de profundidad 124, las indicaciones de estado/acción 126 y los iconos de botón 128 están incluidos en la pantalla 30. También está incluido
un indicador de integridad 186 en la pantalla 30 para proporcionar una indicación de si los pares de cable/electrodo 158 de ECG están conectados operativamente al sensor de TLS 50.
Por tanto, como se observó anteriormente, la pantalla 30 representa en una realización elementos de modalidades tanto de TLS como de ECG simultáneamente en una única visualización, ofreciendo por tanto al médico datos abundantes para ayudar en la colocación de la punta distal del catéter en una posición deseada. Obsérvese además que en una realización el sistema 10 puede guardar, imprimir o conservar de otra manera una impresión de la captura de pantalla o datos de ECG o TLS seleccionados para permitir que se documente la colocación apropiada del catéter. Aunque las realizaciones descritas en la presente memoria descriptiva se refieren a una configuración particular de un catéter, tal como una PICC o CVC, tales realizaciones se ofrecen meramente a modo de ejemplo. Por consiguiente, los principios de la presente invención pueden extenderse a catéteres de muchas configuraciones y diseños diferentes. Las realizaciones descritas deben considerarse en todos los aspectos sólo como ilustrativas, no restrictivas. Por tanto, el alcance de las realizaciones se indica por las realizaciones adjuntas más que por la descripción anterior.
Claims (7)
- REIVINDICACIONESi. Un sistema de colocación de catéter (10) configurado para colocar con precisión un catéter (72) dentro de la vasculatura de un paciente, teniendo el catéter una punta (76A), una luz y un estilete (100) dispuesto en la luz, estando configurado el sistema para emplear al menos dos modalidades para mejorar la precisión de la colocación del catéter:(i) el guiado asistido por ultrasonidos para introducir el catéter (72) en la vasculatura del paciente; y (ii) seguimiento con base magnética de la punta (76A) del catéter durante su avance a través de la vasculatura para detectar y facilitar la corrección de cualquier mala posición de la punta durante tal avance, en el que el sistema (10) comprende:una consola (20) del sistema que comprende:un procesador de control (1122);un sensor de localización de punta (50) para la colocación temporal en una parte del cuerpo del paciente; y una sonda de ultrasonidos (40),en el que el sensor de localización de punta (50) está configurado para detectar un campo magnético del estilete (100) cuando el catéter (72) está dispuesto en la vasculatura y la sonda de ultrasonidos (40) está configurada para obtener imágenes por ultrasonidos de una parte de la vasculatura antes de la introducción del catéter en la vasculatura.
- 2. El sistema según la reivindicación 1, en el que la sonda de ultrasonidos (40) incluye controles de entrada de usuario para controlar el uso de la sonda de ultrasonidos (40) en un modo de ultrasonidos y el uso del sensor de localización de punta (50) en un modo de localización de punta.
- 3. El sistema según la reivindicación 1 ó 2, en el que el sistema (10) está configurado para emplear una tercera modalidad basada en guiado de la punta del catéter basado en señales de ECG para permitir el guiado de la punta (76A) del catéter hasta una posición deseada con respecto al nódulo del corazón del paciente desde el que se originan las señales de ECG.
- 4. El sistema según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que la sonda de ultrasonidos (40) es una sonda manual.
- 5. El sistema según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que el estilete (100) incluye un extremo proximal (100A) del estilete y un extremo distal (100B) del estilete, en el que en el extremo proximal (100A) del estilete está incluido un asidero, extendiéndose un hilo de núcleo (104) de manera distal desde el mismo, estando dispuesto un conjunto magnético de manera distal con respecto al hilo de núcleo (104) e incluyendo uno o más elementos magnéticos (106) dispuestos adyacentes entre sí próximos al extremo distal (100B) del estilete y encapsulado por tubos (108).
- 6. El sistema según la reivindicación 5, en el que se incluye una pluralidad de elementos magnéticos (106), incluyendo cada elemento magnético un imán ferromagnético de forma cilíndrica macizo apilado extremo con extremo con los otros elementos magnéticos.
- 7. El sistema según la reivindicación 6, en el que una punta adhesiva (110) ocupa la punta distal de los tubos (108), de manera distal con respecto a los elementos magnéticos (106).
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