JP2017537680A - パターン状有孔ウェブ、積層体、及びこれらの作成方法 - Google Patents
パターン状有孔ウェブ、積層体、及びこれらの作成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017537680A JP2017537680A JP2017523963A JP2017523963A JP2017537680A JP 2017537680 A JP2017537680 A JP 2017537680A JP 2017523963 A JP2017523963 A JP 2017523963A JP 2017523963 A JP2017523963 A JP 2017523963A JP 2017537680 A JP2017537680 A JP 2017537680A
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- layer
- patterned
- holes
- perforated web
- web
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Abstract
Description
本明細書で説明するように、本開示のパターン状有孔ウェブは、従来の有孔トップシートよりも多くの利点を持つ。図1〜4に、パターン状有孔ウェブ10の4つの例を示す。図示のとおり、パターン状有孔ウェブ10はいくつかの構成を取り得る。孔には参照符号12が付され、ランド領域(無孔領域)には参照符号14が付される。パターン状有孔ウェブの他の例をその他図に示す。いくつかのパターン状有孔ウェブは、ランド領域幅が約4mm以上、約5mm以上、約6mm以上、約7mm以上、約8mm以上、約9mm以上、約10mm以上、又は約4mm〜約15mmの範囲であってもよく、具体的には、当該範囲内の特定の範囲及び全体で0.1mm刻みの全ての数値を含む。ランド領域幅は、アメリカ国立標準技術研究所認定/認証定規で一方の孔の縁から他方の孔の縁の間を任意の方向に測定することで得られてもよい。一例として、図2は分散した孔パターンを示す(例えば、他の孔パターンと比して特徴的)。
本開示のパターン状有孔ウェブは、1つの有孔層(図1〜4参照)、又は例えば2層、3層、4層のような複数の層(有孔、無孔含む)を含んでもよい。「層」という用語は、自立型ウェブ(例えば、不織布又はフィルム)を意味し、非自立型ウェブ(例えば、SMMS不織布のスパンボンド層)を含まない。したがって、本開示において、SMMS(スパンボンド/メルトブロー/メルトブロー/スパンボンド)不織布材料はフィルム同様単一層とみなされる。パターン状有孔ウェブは、穿孔処理を施しておらず、部材形成の際に細孔(本開示では孔とみなされない)のみを有する、1つ以上の無孔層を有してもよい。2つの有孔層がパターン状有孔ウェブに設けられている場合、各層の孔パターンは同じでもそれぞれ異なっていてもよい。
本明細書内に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブのうちの任意の層は、不織布、織布、セルロース材料、フィルム、弾性部材、非弾性部材、ハイロフト材料、及び/又は泡状物質のような当該技術分野で既知の材料のうち任意のものを含んでもよいが、これらに限定されない。パターン状有孔ウェブは更に、例えば1つ以上の不織布材料、1つ以上の膜、異なる不織布材料の組み合わせ、異なる膜の組み合わせ、1つ以上の膜と1つ以上の不織布材料の組み合わせ、又は1つ以上の異なる材料の組み合わせの1つ以上の層を有してもよい。本開示の範囲は、同一又は類似材料の1つ以上の層を有するパターン状有孔ウェブも包含する。各種層内の各種材料の坪量、色、不透明性、親水性、平均孔間距離、平均絶対フェレ角、有効孔面積、有効開口面積、又はその他パラメータや特徴は同一又は異なっていてもよい。
あるパターン状有孔ウェブに複数の層が設けられている場合、それら層は、当業者に周知の任意の結合方法で互いに結合されてもよく、そのような方法としては接着剤による結合、パターン状接着剤の塗布、超音波結合、熱結合、機械結合や、これら結合方法の任意の組み合わせを含む。或いは、各種層は強接合加工により、孔の縁でのみ結合、又は孔の縁の一部で結合されてもよい。パターン状の結合部又は配列された結合部により結合が行われてもよい。パターンは、規則的、均等且つ均一なパターン、或いは不規則、不均等且つ不均一なパターンであってもよい。結合パターンは、略連続的結合パターンを含んでもよく、或いは分散的結合点により形成されてもよい。分散的結合点はパターン状であってもよい。結合点のパターンは、均等でも、不均等でもよい。パターン状有孔ウェブの一領域の結合パターンは、パターン状有孔ウェブの別領域の結合パターンと異なっていてもよい。例えば、結合パターンはパターン状有孔ウェブ積層体の縦方向又は横方向で異なっていてもよい。例えば、パターン状有孔ウェブを有する吸収性物品は、前側領域と後ろ側領域、中央領域と側部領域、股領域と腰部領域、或いは吸収性物品のトップシート又は外側カバーの第1部位と第2部位とで結合パターンが異なっていてもよい。パターン状有孔ウェブでの結合は、パターン状有孔ウェブの各種層のランド領域の結合により実現されることが多い。結合処理にて接着剤が使用される場合、接着剤は色付け、着色されていてもよく、更に/或いは孔パターン(複数可)に対して相補的、又は対照的なパターンとなるようパターン状になっていてもよい。
有孔、無孔に関わらず、パターン状有孔ウェブの任意の層は、パターン状有孔ウェブのその他層と同じ又は異なる色であってもよい。例えば、2層パターン状有孔ウェブにおいて、第1層が青色で、第2層が白色であってもよく、或いは第1層は濃い青色で、第2層が薄い青色でもあってもよい。少なくともいくつかの層同士には色差があってもよい。より詳細に後述するように、層同士が同じ不透明性又は異なる不透明性を有してもよい。単一層パターン状有孔ウェブにも色付けされてもよい。
図11〜15に、パターン状有孔ウェブ10の更なる例を示す。
パターン状有孔ウェブの少なくとも1つの層の不透明度は、パターン状有孔ウェブの少なくとも1つの別の層の不透明度と異なっていてもよい。不透明度は、本明細書における不透明度試験で測定される。例えば、パターン状有孔ウェブのうち、外側の観者と最も近い層は、その下の層よりも不透明度が低くてもよく、これにより層の間の観察可能なコントラスト差を最大限発揮でき、更に/或いは印刷物又は着色接着剤を観察可能となる。或いは、パターン状有孔ウェブのうち、外側の観者と最も近い層は、その下の層よりも不透明度が高くてもよく、それにより身体からの滲出物(例えば、尿、経血、又は排便)がより効果的に隠すことができ、或いはその下の層とより大きな色コントラストを提供できる。パターン状有孔ウェブが透液性トップシートに使用される場合、外側の観者に最も近い層が、着用者側表面となる。一態様として、パターン状有孔ウェブが吸収性物品の外表面にある場合(例えば、外側カバー、締結システム要素、ストレッチイヤー、生理用ナプキンの羽根、ベルト、又はサイドパネル)、外側の観者に最も近い層が、衣服側表面となる。例えば、吸収性物品内のパターン状有孔ウェブの特定の配向に応じて、無孔層はパターン状有孔層よりも不透明度が低くてもよく、その逆でもよい。
本開示のパターン状有孔ウェブは、吸収性物品の構成要素として使用できる。単一の吸収性物品に対して、複数のパターン状有孔ウェブを使用できる。そのような場合、パターン状有孔ウェブは以下のものの少なくとも一部を形成してもよい。トップシート、トップシート及び保持層、生理用ナプキン、生理用ナプキンの羽根、トップシート、及び流通層の一部、トップシート、保持層、流通層(又は2015年9月3日出願の米国特許出願第14/844,037(P&G Docket No.13971MQ)に開示されたような流通層用のキャリア層のような、トップシートと吸収性コアとの間のその他任意の層)、保持層及び流通層、外側カバー、不織布材料により形成される外側カバー及びパターン状有孔ウェブのフィルム(無孔層)により形成されるバックシート、レッグカフ、イヤー又はサイドパネル、締め具、ウエストバンド、ベルト、又はその一部、或いは吸収性物品のその他適切な部位。パターン状有孔ウェブは、吸収性物品のその他製品への特定の使用に応じて、ランド及び孔部分の構成、パターンが異なっていてもよい。パターン状有孔ウェブ内の層の数も、パターン状有孔ウェブの用途に依存してもよい。
パターン状有孔ウェブは、生理用ナプキン(又はその羽根)、ライナー、タンポンを含む生理用品のような吸収性物品の構成要素としても使用できる。単一の生理用品に対して、複数のパターン状有孔ウェブを使用できる。生理用ナプキンの場合、パターン状有孔ウェブは以下のものの少なくとも一部を形成してもよい。トップシート、トップシート及び保持層、トップシート及び流通層、トップシート及び補助トップシート、外側カバー、外側カバー及びバックシート、羽根、羽根及びトップシート又はバックシート、タンポン用外側カバー、或いは生理用品のその他適切な部位。パターン状有孔ウェブは、その生理用品に対する用途応じて、ランド及び孔部分の構成、パターンが異なっていてもよい。パターン状有孔ウェブ内の層の数も、パターン状有孔ウェブの用途に依存してもよい。
パターン状有孔ウェブは、クリーニング基材、ダスティング基材、及び/又は拭き取り用品のような吸収性物品の構成要素としても使用できる。単一のクリーニング又はダスティング基材及び/又は拭き取り用品に対して、複数のパターン状有孔ウェブを使用できる。パターン状有孔ウェブは、クリーニング基材、ダスティング基材、及び/又は拭き取り用品での用途に応じて、ランド及び孔部分の構成、パターンが異なっていてもよい。パターン状有孔ウェブ内の層の数も、パターン状有孔ウェブの用途に依存してもよい。
本開示のパターン状有孔ウェブは、吸収性物品、生理用品、クリーニング基材、ダスティング基材、拭き取り用品、又はその他消費者製品での予定された又は所望の用途に応じて物理的特性が異なっていてもよい。例えば、密度、坪量、孔パターン、ランド領域パターン、紙厚、不透明度、三次元性、及び/又は弾性のような特性は、パターン状有孔ウェブの所望の用途に応じて変更可能である。所定のデザイン基準によっては同様の又は異なる複数のパターン状有孔ウェブを互いに組み合わせてもよい。
本開示のパターン状有孔ウェブは概して、1997年5月13日に付与された、「Method for Selectively Aperturing a Nonwoven Web」という名称の米国特許第5,628,097号と、2003年1月20日公開の「High Elongation Apertured Nonwoven Web and Method of Making」という名称の米国特許出願公開第2003/0021951号とに開示された概略的方法により製造できる。この方法は下記に、より詳細に説明される。パターン状有孔ウェブは、油圧形成によりけん縮ウェブとして、レーザーカッティング、パターン付きロールによりパンチング、又はその他適切な方法で生成されてもよい。
材料102が横方向にどの程度延伸できるかは、孔のサイズ、形状、面積と相関関係があり得る。通常、横方向伸張装置132’により材料102が横方向に延ばされる量が大きいほど、孔の面積がより大きく、より大きく開口し得る。その為、製造業者は更に、材料に対してかけられる横方向引張力に基づいて、同じ材料の溶融安定化パターンでも、孔パターンを異ならせても良い。図31は、漸増延伸工程132及び横方向延伸工程132’前の、材料102における強接合部パターンを示す。参照符号202は、複数の溶融安定化箇所を示す。その後、材料は漸増延伸工程132及び横方向伸張装置132’で処理される。横方向伸張装置132’は、漸増延伸工程132を経た後、材料102をそのCD幅「W」の100%を超えて、例えばWの125%、135%、145%、155%に延ばすように設定されてもよい。他の例では、材料102は横方向に、Wの約110%〜約180%、Wの約120%〜約170%の範囲で伸張してもよく、具体的には、当該範囲内の特定の範囲及び全体で0.5%刻みの全ての数値を含む。図32は、図31の強接合部パターンを有する材料102がWの125%まで延伸された例を示す。図33は、図31の強接合部パターンを有する材料102がWの135%まで延伸された例を示す。図34は、図31の強接合部パターンを有する材料102がWの145%まで延伸された例を示す。図35は、図31の強接合部パターンを有する材料102がWの155%まで延伸された例を示す。図示のように横方向延伸量は、生成されるパターン状有孔ウェブの重要な要素となり得る。
本明細書で説明するように、本開示のパターン状有孔ウェブは、吸収性物品の1つ以上の構成要素として使用してもよい。例示的吸収性物品を以下に説明する。図36は、平らに展開した非収縮状態にある(即ち、弾性によって収縮する部分を引き伸ばした)おむつ520の平面図であり、おむつ520の構造をより明確に見せるために構造の一部を切り取るとともに、おむつ520の着用者に面する部分、即ち、内面540を観察者の方に向けている。おむつ520は、液体透過性トップシート524と、トップシートに接合した液体不透過性バックシート26と、トップシート24とバックシート26との間に少なくとも部分的に配置された吸収性コア528と、を備える、シャーシ522を備えてもよい。おむつ520は、弾性サイドパネル530と、弾性レッグカフ532と、弾性ウエストバンド534と、衣服側又は外表面542上の一対の固定部材537及びランディング部材又はランディング領域を含んでもよい締着システム536と、を含んでよい。おむつ520は更に、本開示の1つ以上のパターン状接着剤ウェブを有してもよい外側カバー533を有してもよい。外側カバー533は、不織布材料及び/又はフィルムを含んでもよい。
図40に示すとおり、吸収性物品は生理用ナプキン310であってもよい。トップシート、第2トップシート、羽根、又は、生理用ナプキンのその他の部分は、本開示のパターン付き有孔ウェブの1つ以上を含み得る。生理用ナプキン310は、液体透過性トップシート314と、液体透過性、又は、実質的に液体透過性のバックシート316と、トップシート314とバックシート316との中間に配置された吸収性コア318と、を含み得る。吸収性コア318は、吸収性コア28に関して本明細書で説明する特徴部のいずれか又は全てを有し得、いくつかの態様では、先に開示した保持層(複数可)の代わりに二次トップシートを有し得る。生理用ナプキン310は、生理用ナプキン310の長手方向軸線380に関して外向きに延在する羽根320を含んでもよい。生理用ナプキン310はまた、横方向軸線390を含み得る。羽根320は、トップシート314、バックシート316、及び/又は吸収性コア318に接合されていてもよい。生理用ナプキン310はまた、前縁部322と、前縁部322と長手方向で対向する後縁部324と、第1の側縁部326と、第1の側縁部326と長手方向で対向する第2の側縁部328と、を含み得る。長手方向軸線380は、前側腰部縁部322の中点から後縁部324の中点まで延在し得る。横方向軸線390は、第1の側縁部328の中点から第2の側縁部328の中点まで延在してもよい。生理用ナプキン310には、当該技術分野において既知のとおり、生理用ナプキンに一般的に見出される追加の特徴も提供されてもよい。
本開示の任意のパターン状有孔ウェブ及び/又は吸収性物品又はその一部は、1つ以上のパターン状接着剤が塗布されるか、印刷されていてもよい。パターン状接着剤は、パターン状有孔ウェブ上又はパターン状有孔ウェブ下に設けられてもよく、孔又は無孔領域からパターン状有孔ウェブを通じて、パターン状接着剤の少なくとも一部が視認可能であってもよい。パターン状接着剤は、パターン状有孔ウェブの1つ以上の層、又は当該ウェブの層間に、特にパターン状に塗布され、これにより吸収性物品又はその一部に所定のパターン、可視パターン及び/又は所定の感触を与えるものであってもよい。
パターン状有孔ウェブの少なくとも1つの層の孔は、間隔を有する孔の列としてグループ化されてもよい(例えば、図1〜4、43参照)。図43は、「A」が付された例示的孔の列を示す。孔列は、孔列同士の距離よりもかなり狭い間隔を有する2つ以上又は3つ以上の孔を含んでもよい。列と別の孔の間の距離は、列中の孔同士の最大距離の約1.5倍以上、約2倍以上、又は約3倍以上であってもよい。孔列は、規則的又はハート型、多角形、楕円形、矢印、V字型、及び/又はパターンとして知られているその他形状のようなよく知られた形状を形成してもよい。孔列は、パターン状有孔ウェブの部位間で異なっていてもよい。吸収性物品の場合、孔列は、吸収性物品の領域間で異なっていてもよい。孔列は、凹型、凸型又は凹凸を含む外周を有してもよい。孔列は、より高次構造となる「マクロアレイ」となるよう整列されてもよい。例えば、図43及び44に、連続的で相互接続されたランド領域パターン1004により分けられ得る孔アレイ1002を有するパターン状有孔ウェブ1000を示す。ランド領域パターン1004は、液体流通路として機能してもよく、孔アレイ1002は液体用「ドレイン」として機能してもよく、液体の、その下の吸収性材料又は吸収性コアへの到達を促進する。孔アレイの形状により、身体からの滲出物(即ち、尿、下痢便、経血)のような液体に対する、列の管理能力を向上できる。例えば、吸収性物品における液体を浴びる箇所に面した凹部を有する孔アレイは、液体が凹部を「ランド領域」に沿って凹部の端までながれるようにする、液体捕獲「トラップ」を機能し得る。当該箇所では、液体が流路方向に沿って孔に入るか、横方向に流れた液体は凹部の一方の側に沿って孔に入り得る。凹部を有する孔アレイの例示的形状としては、いくつか例示するだけでも、ハート型、星型、いくつかの多角形、三日月型、V字型等が挙げられる。
あらゆる用途、特に吸収性物品での用途でのパターン状有孔ウェブは、複数領域に分けて用いられてよい。例えば、吸収性物品のトップシート又は外側カバーの第1領域が、第1パターンを有する第1パターン状有孔ウェブを有し、吸収性物品のトップシート又は外側カバーの第2領域が、異なる第2パターンを有する第2パターン状有孔ウェブを有してもよい。トップシートの場合、例えば異なる領域におけるパターンは、身体からの所定の滲出物を受容したり、任意の方向への流れを促進又は阻害したりするように構成されてもよい。例えば、第1パターンが尿の受容及び/又は流通に有利で、第2パターンが下痢便の受容及び/又は流通に有利であるように構成されてもよい。或いは、パターン状有孔ウェブが吸収性物品のトップシートに使用されている場合に、第1パターンを有する第1パターン状有孔ウェブが、身体からの滲出物の激しい噴射を受けるように構成されて、異なる第2パターンを有する第2パターン状有孔ウェブが身体からの滲出物の任意の横方向流を規制するように構成されてもよい。例えば、第1パターンが吸収性物品の中心又はまた領域に配置され、第2パターンが吸収性物品の前後ウエスト領域又は外周トップシート領域に配置されてもよい。例えば、第1パターンが吸収性物品の中心又はまた領域に配置され、第2パターンが吸収性物品の前後ウエスト領域又は外周トップシート領域に配置されてもよい。
孔、パターン状孔、孔アレイ、三次元的要素、印刷物、パターン状接着剤、又はこれら「テクスチャ要素」の任意の組み合わせにより、パターン状有孔ウェブに視覚的に認識できる可変のテクスチャを実現できる。可視テクスチャの可変性は、心理学、神経学で深く研究されている。小さなテクスチャ要素は、他と比較して人間の視覚システムで非常に迅速に(「即座に」)検出しやすい。同様の「二次」(iso−dipole)統計を有するテクスチャパターンの多くは、短い「瞬間的」観察では見分けがつかない。しかし、例外(即ち、見分けがつきやすいiso−dipoleテクスチャ要素)は、「texton」として文献で定義され、知られている。texton形状を形成するテクスチャ要素を含むパターン状有孔ウェブは、積層体又は吸収性物品で、認識しやすい「領域」を生成する手段となり、これにより異なる機能の領域の通知、及び/又は着用者に対する製品の正しい向き(例えば、前後)を明示できる。本開示のパターン状有孔ウェブの態様は、準共線性、コーナー特徴、局地特徴の閉方を含むtexton形状を形成するテクスチャ要素を含んでもよい。Julesz、BらによるVisual Discrimination of Textures with Identical Third−Order Statistics、Biological Cybernetics vol.31、1978、pp 137〜140)を参照されたい。
パターン状有孔ウェブは、有効開口面積が、約3%〜約50%、約5%〜約50%、約5%〜約40%、約10%〜約40%、約10%〜約35%、約10%〜約30%、約15%〜約30%であってもよく、具体的には、当該範囲内の特定の範囲及び全体で0.1%刻みの全ての数値を含む。有効開口面積の割合は全て、本明細書に記載の孔試験で決定される。有効開口面積が大きいパターン状有孔ウェブは、吸収性物品におけるトップシート或いは保持層又はシステムにより有用で(身体からの滲出物の吸収能が高い)、有効開口面積が小さいパターン状有孔ウェブは、吸収性物品の外側カバーに利用し得る(より装飾性が強いか、通気性のため)。
パターン状有孔ウェブは、その孔の有効孔面積が、約0.3mm2〜約15mm2、約0.3mm2〜約14mm2、約0.4mm2〜約12mm2、約0.3mm2〜約10mm2、約0.5mm2〜約8mm2、又は約1.0mm2〜約8mm2の範囲であってもよく、具体的には、当該範囲内の特定の範囲及び全体で0.05mm刻みの全ての数値を含む。有効孔面積の割合は全て、本明細書に記載の孔試験で決定される。パターン状有孔ウェブの複数の孔は、それぞれ異なる有効孔面積を有してもよい。例えば、パターン状有孔ウェブの有効孔面積の相対標準偏差は、約50%以上、約55%以上、約60%以上であってもよい。
例えば、本明細書における孔試験によると、本開示のパターン状有孔ウェブの孔は、1超、2超、3超、5超、又は10超のアスペクト比を有してもよいが、典型的に15未満である。パターン状有孔ウェブの孔パターンは、複数の個別の母集団があるような場合や、0超の勾配となるようなアスペクト比の略連続的分布となるような場合等、2つ以上のアスペクト比が得られるような孔を有してもよい。更に、パターン状有孔ウェブの孔パターンは、2つ以上の個別の母集団或いは、0超の勾配となるようなアスペクト比の分布により、3つ以上の有効孔面積が得られるような孔を有してもよい。パターン状有孔ウェブの孔アスペクト比の相対標準偏差は、約30%以上、約40%以上、約45%以上であってもよい。
例えば、本明細書における孔試験によると、本開示のパターン状有孔ウェブの孔は約150以上、約175以上、約200以上、又は約300以上の孔密度を有し得る。
パターン状有孔ウェブを製造する方法が提供される。前記方法は、長手方向中心軸線を有するウェブを設けることを含んでもよい。前記ウェブは、前記長手方向中心軸線に平行、又は略平行に延在する複数の強接合部を有してもよい。略平行とは、±5度又は±3度を指す。この方法は、ウェブを縦方向に進める工程を含み得る。縦方向は、ウェブの長手方向中心軸線の延長方向に略平行、又は平行であってもよい。前記方法は、前記縦方向と略直交(±5度又は±3度以下含む)する横方向にウェブを引き延ばして、前記強接合部の少なくとも一部、ほぼ全て、又は全てを少なくとも部分的又は完全に破断させて、前記ウェブ内にパターン状孔を少なくとも部分的に形成又は形成することを含む。パターン状孔の少なくとも一部は、本明細書における孔試験による絶対フェレ角が、約10度以上、約15度以上、約20度以上、約25度以上、約30度以上、約35度以上、約40度以上、約45度以上、又は約10度〜約45度、又は約15〜約35度の範囲であってもよく、具体的には、当該範囲内の特定の範囲及び全体で0.1度刻みの全ての数値を含む。パターン状孔の少なくとも一部は、本明細書における孔試験によるアスペクト比が、約1.5:1超、約1.8:1超、約2:1超、約2.5:1超、約3:1超、又は約1.5:1〜約10:1、約2:1〜約6:1、約2:1〜約5:1、又は約2:1〜約4:1の範囲であってもよく、具体的には、当該範囲内の特定の範囲及び全体で0.1刻み(例えば1.6:1、1.7:1、1.8:1)の全ての数値を含む。例えば、図16、17、24〜30に図示しこれら図を参照に説明した処理により、強接合部を少なくとも部分的に破断するか、完全に破断して、パターン状孔を形成してもよい。
図54に図示のとおり、本開示のパターン状有孔ウェブにおける孔12の少なくとも一部の周囲の領域は、1つ以上の溶融部5000を含んでもよい。孔12は少なくとも部分的又は完全に溶融部5000に囲繞されてもよい。溶融部5000は、孔12の外周の約25%以上から最大約100%を囲繞してもよい。一部の例では、溶融部5000は、孔12の横側には形成され、前後縁には形成されなくてもよい(図54の縦横方向の矢印を参照されたい)。溶融部5000は、強接合工程で形成され、パターン状有孔ウェブを強化するものと思われる。
図55〜60は、図16のローラー110のような強接合ローラーに使用できる、いくつかの更なる強接合パターンの例示的概略図である。当業者であれば、図示のパターンの変更例や、その他適切な強結合パターンも本開示の範囲内であることが理解できよう。
パターン状有孔ウェブ又はその層は、本明細書における孔試験による孔の平均孔間距離が、約3.5mm未満、約3mm未満、約2.5mm未満、約2mm未満、約1.5mm未満、約1mm未満、約1mm〜約3.5mmの範囲、約1mm〜約3mmの範囲、約1mm〜約2.5mmの範囲、約3.5mm〜約10mmの範囲であってもよく、具体的には、当該範囲内の特定の範囲及び全体で0.1mm刻みの全ての数値を含む。
パターン状有孔ウェブは、本明細書における孔試験による絶対フェレ角が、約15度以上、約18度以上、約20度以上、約22度以上、約25度以上、約30度以上、約35度以上、約40度以上、約15度〜約80度の範囲、約20度〜約75度の範囲、約20度〜約70度の範囲、又は約25度〜約65度の範囲の1以上の孔を備えていてもよく、具体的には、当該範囲内の特定の範囲及び全体で0.1度刻みの全ての数値を含む。
積層体は、1つ以上の予歪み層を有してもよい。予歪み層は、有孔でも無孔であってもよい。積層体のその他層も有孔でも無孔であってもよい。有孔層(複数可)は、均等のサイズ及び間隔を有する孔、又は本明細書で説明される様々なパターン状孔パターンのような不均一パターン状孔を有してもよい。パターン状孔は、本明細書に記載の任意の特徴又はパラメータを有してもよい。層は、不織布、フィルム、セルロースウェブ、泡状部材、又はその他部材を含んでもよい。無孔層は、パターン状の複数の強接合部を含んでもよい。1つ又は複数の予歪み層は、1つ以上の非予歪み層に接合されて、予歪み解除後に三次元積層体が形成されてもよい。予歪み層は、その長さ又は幅の約5%からその長さ又は幅の約40%の量、又はその長さ又は幅の約5%からその長さ又は幅の約20%の量だけ予歪を受けていてもよく、具体的には、当該範囲内の特定の範囲及び全体で0.1%刻みの全ての数値を含む。或いは、予歪み層は例えば約5%、約10%、約15%、又は約20%の予歪みを受けてもよい。予歪み層は、非予歪み層に接合後、少なくとも部分的に復元して、非予歪み層に三次元構造を形成するものであってもよい。
本開示の吸収性物品は、少なくとも1つの有孔又はパターン状有孔層を備える衣服側層又は衣服側積層体を有してもよい。吸収性物品は、吸収性物品の着用者側に透液トップシートを有し、吸収性物品の衣服側に衣服側積層体又は衣服側層を有してもよい。衣服側積層体は、第1層又は第1不織布層と、不織布層に結合される第2層とを有してもよい。第1層又は第1不織布層は複数の孔を有してもよい。本明細書における孔試験によると、反復単位において、複数の孔のうち少なくとも3個、少なくとも5個、又は少なくとも10個が異なる1つ以上のサイズ、異なる形状、又は異なる絶対フェレ角を有する。反復単位において、第1不織布層の複数の孔のうち少なくとも3個、少なくとも5個、又は少なくとも10個が不均一であってもよい。衣服側層は、衣服側積層体の第1層又は第1不織布層の特性を持つ単層のみを有してもよい。吸収性物品は、透液トップシートと衣服側積層体又は衣服側層との間に少なくとも部分的に配置された吸収性コアを有してもよい。衣服側積層体の第1又は第2層は、本明細書で説明するように予歪みを受けて、非予歪み層又は両層で三次元構造を形成するようにしてもよい。予歪みを受けた第1又は第2層は孔を有さなくてもよい。
本開示は、モアレ効果を発揮する積層体も含む。モアレ効果とは、第1材料の一パターンが、第2材料の別パターンに重ねられて、一パターンが他パターンに対してずらされているときに顕著な視覚的画像である。任意で更なるパターンを実現するように、2つ以上の材料を使用してもよい。消費者製品又は吸収性物品の各種層でモアレ効果を出すことは、製品又は物品の目を惹く外観が実現されるため、非常に商業的に望ましい。吸収性物品の場合、モアレ効果を発揮することで、消費者に奥行、吸収性、品質、向上したウィッキング、及び/又は空気流を印象付けられる。
図104〜107は、領域型パターン状有孔ウェブの態様を示す。領域1、領域2等を指定するため、各種領域がZ1、Z2等で表される。図104〜107では、領域型パターン状有孔ウェブ衣服側層又は積層体或いは着用者側層又は積層体の何れかで示されているが、領域型パターン状有孔ウェブは、層が単数又は複数であるに関わらず、吸収性物品又はその他消費者製品の任意の部位としても使用可能であることが理解されよう。例えば、領域型パターン状有孔ウェブは、イヤーパネル、拭き取り用品、及び/又はバリアレッグカフとして使用されてもよい。領域型パターン状有孔ウェブは、本明細書記載のとおり、1つ以上の層が予歪みを受け、非予歪み層に接合されるようにしてもよい。
本発明の吸収性物品は、パッケージに収容されてもよい。パッケージは、高分子フィルム及び/又は他の材料を含んでよい。吸収性物品の特性に関するグラフィック及び/又は表示部は、パッケージの外側部分に形成され、印刷され、位置付けられ、及び/又は配置されてよい。それぞれのパッケージは、複数の吸収性物品を含んでよい。吸収性物品は、パッケージの寸法を縮小するように圧縮下でパッキングされて、なお、1パッケージ当たり妥当な量の吸収性物品を提供することができる。吸収性物品を圧縮下でパッケージ化することにより、介護者は容易にパッケージを扱い、保管することができると同時に、パッケージのサイズによる流通コストの削減を製造者にもたらし得る。
強接合部を有する材料及び/又は積層体も本開示の範囲に含まれる。材料は、単一の自立型ウェブであってもよく、積層体は1つ以上の単一の自立型ウェブが互いに接合されたものであってもよい。積層体の場合、単一の層が強接合部を有しても、全ての層が強接合部を有してもよい。強接合部が積層体の1つ以上の層に設けられる場合、互いに同一又は異なるパターンを有してもよい。積層体の任意の層は、予歪みを受けてもよい。ウェブは、フィルム、不織布、又はその他適切な材料、更に/或いは本明細書記載の任意のその他材料であってもよい。強接合部は、例えば図19〜23、31、53、55〜60に図示したような任意の適切なパターンで配置されてもよい。強接合部は、不織布供給業者又は、不織布製造業者で塗布されてもよく(その際横方向延伸工程(複数可)は行われない)、横方向延伸工程(複数可)も行われる場所にて塗布されてもよい。横方向延伸工程の例は、図16、24〜30を参照して本明細書で説明したとおりである。強接合された材料及び/又は積層体を使用して、本開示のパターン状有孔ウェブを製造してもよい。
坪量試験
パターン状有孔ウェブの秤量は、いくつかの利用可能な技術によって判定され得るが、単純な代表的な技術では、他の吸収性製品を用意し、存在し得るあらゆる弾性を除去して、吸収性製品又はその他消費者製品を全長まで延伸させることを伴う。その後、45.6cm2の面積を有する打抜き型を使用して、吸収性物品又はその他消費者製品をパターン状有孔ウェブのほぼ中心から、存在し得る、他の層にパターン状有孔ウェブと固着するために使用され得る接着剤が可能な限り存在しない範囲でパターン状有孔ウェブの一部を切り取り、パターン状有孔ウェブを別の層から脱着する(必要であればCyto−Freeze、Control Company、Houston、Texasなど、低温スプレーを使用する)。その後、試料を秤量して打抜き型の面積で割ると、パターン状有孔ウェブの秤量が得られる。結果を5つの試料の平均を0.1cm2単位で報告する。
孔寸法、有効孔面積、%有効開口面積、孔間距離測定等は、フラットベッドスキャナにより得られた試料画像から得られる。スキャナは、解像度6400dpiで、8ビットグレースケールの反射モードで走査可能である(Long Beach CAのEpson America Inc.製のEpson Perfection V750 Pro等のスキャナが適切である)。スキャナは、画像分析プログラムが動作するコンピュータとつながっている(National Institute of Health、USA製ImageJ v.1.47等のプログラムが適切である)。試料画像は、距離がNIST認証定規の取得画像に対して較正される。鋼製フレームは試料を載せた後、黒ガラスタイル(HunterLab、Reston、VAから入手可能なP/N11−0050−30)により、試料画像の前に支持される。得られた画像を閾値処理し、試料材料領域から開口孔領域を分けて、画像分析プログラムにより分析する。全ての試験は、約23±2℃及び約50±2%の相対湿度に維持された調湿室内で行われる。
平面構成の固い平坦面に、吸収性物品を貼り付けて試料とする。あらゆる脚部の弾性体(leg elastics)を、物品の平らな配置を促進するために切り落とすことができる。直線的鋼フレーム(100mm角、厚さ1.5mm、開口60mm角)を、試料を置くのに使用する。鋼製フレームを取って、内部開口を囲繞する底面上に両面接着テープを貼る。テープのリリースペーパーを取り去り、物品の有孔層に鋼製フレームを付着させる。フレームを有孔層の縦方向(MD)及び横方向(CD)に対して平行、垂直になるよう揃える。かみそりの刃を用いて、フレームの外周部の周りの物品の下層から有孔層を切り取る。孔の歪みを避けるよう、縦方向及び横方向の拡張部が維持されるように試料を丁寧に取り除く。必要であれば、低温スプレー(Cyto−Freeze(テキサス州Houston所在のControl Companyなど)を使用して、試料を下層から取り除くことができる。5つの実質的に同様の物品から取得された5つの複製試験片を分析のために用意する。対象の有孔層が鋼製フレームには小さすぎる場合、フレーム寸法を適宜短くして、有孔層の十分な範囲を走査可能となるよう、十分なサイズの開口を残しながら、孔が歪まないように試料を取り除くという目的を達成する。有孔又はパターン状有孔基材原料を、吸収性物品で使用する際と同様の処理条件及び同程度に延伸し、活性化し、その後試験用に鋼に貼り付けることで、試験用に用意する。試験前に約2時間掛けて約23℃±2℃及び約50%±2%の相対湿度で、試料を調整する。
スキャナベッド上に定規をスキャナガラスの辺に対して平行となるよう置き、蓋を閉じる。鋼フレーム内部の寸法に対応する視界で、6400dpi(1mmあたり約252画素)及び8ビットグレースケールの反射モードで定規の較正画像を取得する。較正画像を圧縮前のTIFF書式ファイルとして保存する。蓋を持ち上げて定規を取り除く。較正画像を取得した後、全ての試料を同じ条件下で走査して同じ較正ファイルに基づいて測定する。次に、試料の外側面を走査装置のガラス面に対向した状態でフレーム付きの試料を走査装置ベッドのセンター上に平らにして置く。フレームの辺がスキャナのガラス面の辺に対して平行及び直交するように揃えて、試料を配向することで、得られる試料画像の縦方向が上から下に垂直に伸びる。黒のガラスタイルを、試料を覆うフレーム上に置き、蓋を閉じて、走査画像を取得する。残り4つの複製を同様に走査する。必要であれば、有孔領域を囲うような四角の視界に合わせて全ての画像をトリミングし、ファイルを再度保存する。
画像分析プログラムの較正画像ファイルを開き、撮像された定規を使用して直線較正を実施する。この距離較正スケールが、以降の試料画像の全てに対し、分析前に適用される。画像分析プログラムの試料画像を開き、距離スケールを設定する。8ビットヒストグラム(0〜255、GL毎1ビン)を見て、孔の暗画素ピークと試料材料のより明るい画素ピークとの間に位置する最小母集団のグレーレベル(GL)値を特定する。画像の閾値を最小グレーレベル値に設定して2値画像を生成する。2値画像において、孔はGL値255の黒で映っており、試料はGL値0の白で映っている。
画像分析プログラム内の較正画像(定規を含む)ファイルを開く。バイキュービック補間により、元の画像の解像度6400dpiを640dpi(1mmあたり約25.2画素)まで落とすリサイズを行う。定規画像で線形距離較正を行う。この距離較正スケールが、以降の試料画像の全てに対し、分析前に適用される。画像分析プログラムの試料画像を開く。バイキュービック補間により、元の画像の解像度6400dpiを640dpi(1mmあたり約25.2画素)まで落とすリサイズを行う。距離スケールを設定する。8ビットヒストグラム(0〜255、GL毎1ビン)を見て、孔の暗画素ピークと試料材料のより明るい画像ピークとの間に位置する最小母集団のグレーレベル(GL)値を特定する。画像の閾値を最小グレーレベル値に設定して2値画像を生成する。2値画像において、孔はGL値255の黒で映っており、試料はGL値0の白で映っている。次に、2値画像に対して、2つのモフォロジー処理を実行する。まず、クロージング(膨張演算の後に収縮演算、反復=1、ピクセル数=1)により、孔の穴から無駄な繊維を取り除く。そしてオープニング(収縮演算の後に膨張演算、反復=1、ピクセル数=1)により、孤立した黒画素を除去する。収縮演算中に画像のエッジを足して、演算中に黒境界画素が維持されることを保証する。最後に、黒孔領域内に残る空白があれば、全て埋める。
平均値、標準偏差、中央値、最大孔間距離は、孔寸法測定に使用された2値画像を更に分析することで測定できる。まず、リサイズされた2値画像の複製を得て、モフォロジー処理を行い、画像分析プログラムを使用してヴォロノイ処理を実行する。これにより、2つの最も近くで隣接するパターン状孔の境界に対して等距離の画像の線により仕切られたセル画像が得られ、2値画像のユークリッド距離地図(EDM)で、画素値が出力される。EDMは、2値画像内の各孔間画素がそれぞれ対応する画素の最も近いパターン状孔に等しい値に置き換えられることで生成される。次に、背景のゼロを除去して、距離値の統計分析を可能とする。画像演算部により、ヴォロノイセル画像をそのもので割って、全てのセル線が1の値をとる32ビット浮動小数点画像を生成することで行われ、画像の残りの部分は非数(ナン)として認識される。最後に、画像演算部を使用して、この画像に元のヴォロノイセル画像をかけて、セル線上の距離値が維持され、全てのゼロ値がナンに置き換えられた32ビット浮動小数点画像を生成する。次に、画像の値に、画像の画素解像度(1画素あたり約0.04mm)をかけて、値が孔間の中点距離を表すため、また画像に2をかけて、画素距離値を実際の孔間距離に変換する。画像の平均値、標準偏差、中央値、最大孔間距離を0.01mm単位で測定し記録する。全ての複製画像に対してこの処理を繰り返す。標準偏差を平均値で割り、100をかけて、孔間距離の%相対標準偏差(RSD)を計算する。
標準的CIE L*a*b*色測定に適した0°/45°分光光度計(例えば、Hunter Associates Laboratory Inc.,Reston VA製のHunterlab Labscan XE spectrophotometer等)でコントラスト比測定により、不透明度を測定する。器具の測定口の直径は、関心領域のみが測定口に含まれるように選択されるものとする。分析は、約23℃±2℃及び相対湿度50%±2%で制御された室内で行う。試料は、試験前に2時間、同条件で調整された。
光透過試験は、試料の特定の領域を透過する光の平均量を測定する。フラットベッドスキャナを用いることで、較正された光透過画像が得られる。周りのランド領域から、分散した孔領域を分けるため、バイナリーマスクを利用する。次いで、バイナリーマスクを光透過画像に対して位置合わせし、光透過画像において、ランド領域から孔を除外するために使用する。これにより、計算されるべき各ランド領域についての平均光透過率値が得られる。
光透過測定は、CIE L*a*b*表色系(CIELAB)に基づく。800dpiで24ビットカラーの最小値を走査することが可能であり、カラーマネジメントの手動制御機能を有する、フラットベッドスキャナ(好適なスキャナは、Epson America Inc.,Long Beach CA Epson Perfection V750 Pro等である)を使用して、画像を取得する。スキャナは、カラーマネジメントソフトウェアを実行するコンピュータと連動させる(好適なカラーマネジメントソフトウェアは、X−Rite Grand Rapids,MIから入手可能なMonacoEZColor等である)。スキャナは、カラーマネジメントソフトウェアを用いて、カラー透過ターゲット及びANSI方法IT8.7/1−1993に準拠する、対応する参照ファイルに対して較正して、較正されたカラープロファイルを構築する。結果として得られた、較正されたスキャナプロファイルを使用して、CIE L*a*b*におけるサンプリングをサポートする画像解析プログラム内で試料からの画像を色補正する(好適なプログラムは、Adobe Systems Inc.,San Jose,CAから入手可能なPhotoshop S4等である)。全ての試験は、約23±2℃及び約50±2%の相対湿度に維持された調湿室内で行われる。
有孔領域及びランド領域の境界を、L*チャネル画像に閾値を設定することで特定してバイナリーイメージを生成し、周囲のランド領域から有孔領域を分離する。次いで、対応する光透過画像に対するマスクとしてこのバイナリーイメージを使用して、ランド領域のみの平均光透過率値を測定する。
画像解析ソフトウェアにおいて、色補正された光透過画像及び対応するバイナリーマスク画像の両方を開く。試料の光透過画像を解析するために、まずL*、a*、及びb*チャネルを分離し、L*チャネルのみを解析用に選択する。光透過画像と、バイナリーマスクを互いに関連付けて登録する。光透過画像から孔を取り除くのにバイナリーマスクを使用し、残った周囲のランド領域についての平均L*値(光透過率値)を計算する。この値を、ランド領域光透過率値として0.1単位で記録する。同様の様式で、複製された試料の全てに対してこの手順を繰り返す。5つの個々のランド領域光透過率値の平均を0.1単位で計算し、報告する。
吸収性物品のパッケージのバッグ内スタック高さは、以下のとおりに判定される。
平坦な剛性の水平スライディングプレートを備えた厚さテスタが使用される。厚さテスタは、水平スライディングプレートが、平坦な合成の水平ベースプレートの上で直接水平方向に常に維持された状態で、水平スライディングプレートが垂直方向に自由に移動するように構成される。厚さ試験機は、水平摺動板と、水平基板との間の±0.5mm内の間隙の測定に適した装置を含む。水平摺動板と水平基板は、吸収性物品パッケージの各板と接する表面より大きい。即ち各板は、吸収性物品パッケージの接触面よりも全方向に広がっている。水平スライディングプレートは、吸収性物品パッケージに下方への力8.34N(850±1重量グラム)を加えるが、これはスライディングプレートの合計質量に付加重量を足して850±1グラムとなるように、水平スライディングプレートのパッケージに接触しない上面の中央に好適な重しを置くことによって達成し得る。
吸収性物品パッケージを、測定前に、23±2℃及び50±5%の相対湿度で平衡化する。
Claims (15)
- パターン状有効ウェブであって、
前記パターン状有孔ウェブ内の複数のランド領域と、
前記パターン状有孔ウェブ内に形成された複数の孔であって、前記ランド領域の少なくとも一部が、前記孔の少なくとも一部を囲繞する、複数の孔と、を備え、
本明細書における孔試験によると、前記パターン状有孔ウェブは、5%〜50%の範囲の有効開口面積を有し、
本明細書における孔試験によると、前記パターン状有孔ウェブは、複数の孔間距離を有し、前記孔間距離は、中央値と、前記中央値よりも大きい平均値と、を有する分布を有する、パターン状有孔ウェブ。 - 本明細書における孔試験によると、前記複数の孔は、20度以上の平均絶対フェレ角を有する、請求項1に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- 前記平均値は、前記中央値よりも4%以上25%未満の割合で大きく、好ましくは8%以上20%未満の割合で大きい、請求項1又は2に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- 本明細書における孔試験によると、前記複数の孔の少なくとも一部は、2を超える、好ましくは2.5を超えるアスペクト比を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- 前記複数の孔の少なくとも一部は、前記孔の外周に溶融部分を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- 前記ランド領域の少なくとも一部は、5mm以上、好ましくは10mmの幅を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- 本明細書における孔試験によると、前記孔は、0.3mm2〜15mm2の範囲の有効孔面積を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- 本明細書における孔試験によると、前記孔のうち少なくとも3つは、異なるサイズ、異なる形状、異なる絶対フェレ角のうちの2つを有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- 前記パターン状有孔ウェブは2つ以上の層を有し、前記複数の孔は、前記層のうちの少なくとも一つに形成されている、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- 前記2つ以上の層はそれぞれ、不織布材料を備える、請求項9に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- 第1層は不織布材料を備え、第2層は異なる材料を備える、請求項9に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- 第1層が、第2層と異なる不透明度を有する、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- 第1層が、第2層と異なる色を有する、請求項9〜12のいずれか一項に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- パターン状接着剤が、前記第1層又は前記第2層に配置され、前記接着剤は、前記第1層の色又は前記第2層の色と異なる、請求項13に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
- 前記層の1つは目印を備え、前記目印は、第1層又は第2層とは異なる色である、請求項13に記載のパターン状有孔ウェブ。
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| JP2017523833A Pending JP2017535333A (ja) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-05 | パターン化有孔ウェブの作製方法 |
| JP2017522581A Pending JP2017536874A (ja) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-05 | 有孔ウェブ及びその製造方法 |
| JP2017522584A Pending JP2017537677A (ja) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-05 | 予ひずみ状積層体及びその作製方法 |
| JP2019016964A Pending JP2019088857A (ja) | 2014-11-06 | 2019-02-01 | 衣類に面する積層体を含む吸収性物品 |
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| US (31) | US10272000B2 (ja) |
| EP (11) | EP4268779A3 (ja) |
| JP (10) | JP2017535452A (ja) |
| CN (10) | CN107249534A (ja) |
| BR (2) | BR112017009580A2 (ja) |
| CA (2) | CA2967001A1 (ja) |
| CL (1) | CL2017001114A1 (ja) |
| MX (2) | MX2017005908A (ja) |
| RU (4) | RU2017115220A (ja) |
| WO (10) | WO2016073727A1 (ja) |
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- 2015-11-05 RU RU2017115220A patent/RU2017115220A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
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| TWI802776B (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2023-05-21 | 日商大王製紙股份有限公司 | 拋棄式穿著用物品 |
| JP2021112421A (ja) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-08-05 | 花王株式会社 | 吸収性物品 |
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