JPH0340614B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0340614B2
JPH0340614B2 JP58074762A JP7476283A JPH0340614B2 JP H0340614 B2 JPH0340614 B2 JP H0340614B2 JP 58074762 A JP58074762 A JP 58074762A JP 7476283 A JP7476283 A JP 7476283A JP H0340614 B2 JPH0340614 B2 JP H0340614B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
tube
blade
inner tube
fixed inner
tip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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JP58074762A
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English (en)
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JPS59200644A (ja
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Filing date
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Application filed filed Critical
Priority to JP58074762A priority Critical patent/JPS59200644A/ja
Priority to US06/602,607 priority patent/US4589414A/en
Priority to EP84302801A priority patent/EP0125070A3/en
Publication of JPS59200644A publication Critical patent/JPS59200644A/ja
Publication of JPH0340614B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0340614B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320016—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2217/00—General characteristics of surgical instruments
    • A61B2217/002—Auxiliary appliance
    • A61B2217/005—Auxiliary appliance with suction drainage system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/10—General characteristics of the apparatus with powered movement mechanisms
    • A61M2205/106—General characteristics of the apparatus with powered movement mechanisms reciprocating

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 ［発明の技術分野］ 本発明は、切開することなく体腔内に挿入し内
視鏡等の観察手段によつて観察しつつ外から該体
腔内、特に膝等の関節腔内における軟骨（関節半
月、関節軟骨等）、骨、繊維性組織、或は腫瘍等、
或は腰椎の椎間板内の髄核等を確実且つ容易に切
断又は切削することができると共に、前記体腔内
に挿入した状態で切片を排出することができるよ
うにした外科用切除器具に関するものである。
［発明の技術的背景とその問題点］ 従来、関節手術は、主として切開法（開放外
科）によつて行われていた。例えば、一般的は関
節の手術においては、膝蓋骨上の腫瘍を除去した
り、膝関節から破損した軟骨、骨等を切除するこ
と等であるが、比較的大きな切開を必要としてい
た。そのため、切開による外傷を生じ、苦痛と運
動制限とを伴い、直るまでに多くの時間を要する
という欠点を有していた。
そこで、近年関節鏡（内視鏡）の観察のもと
で、関節を切開しないで該関節に小さな穿刺孔を
形成し、この穿刺孔に挿入されるプローブを使用
して手術（閉鎖外科）する器具が提案されてい
る。例えば、特開昭54−77493号公報、米国特許
4246902号公報等にこれらが開示されている。前
者の従来技術に係る器具は、外周に軸方向に伸び
る切削口が形成された細長い固定外被チユーブ
と、この外被チユーブ内に回転自在に内装され前
記切削口において内部回転刃を形成しているチユ
ーブ状内側部材と、吸引装置と、駆動モータとを
備えて、真空引きによつて組織片等を切削口内に
吸引する一方、前記駆動モータで回転刃を回転し
て切削し、切削片をチユーブ状内側部材を経て吸
引排出するように構成したものである。
しかしながら、この構成では切削口が外被チユ
ーブの外周にあつて、その位置がわかりにくく、
その為に切除すべき組織を狙撃しにくい上に、組
織への食い付きも悪い。しかも、吸引手段で組織
を外被チユーブの切削口内に入れた上でなければ
切削できない。
後者の従来技術に係る器具は、外周に切削口を
有する細長いプローブ状の外側部材と、この外側
部材内に摺動自在に内装され、先端の前記切削口
に対応した位置に刃を有する内側切断部材と、吸
引装置と、内側切断部材用駆動機構とを備えて、
前記切削口内に吸引し取込んだ組織を内側切断部
材の摺動により切断する一方、切断された切片を
吸引し排出するように構成したものである。しか
しながら、この構成の切除器具も、前述の従来技
術と同様の不都合がある。
［発明の目的］ 本発明は、これらの事情に鑑みてなされたもの
で、切開することなく、内視鏡等の観察手段によ
る観察のもとで、体腔内、特に膝等の関節腔内に
おける軟骨（関節半月、関節軟骨）、骨、繊維性
組織、或は腫瘍等、或は腰椎の椎間板内の髄核等
を切断又は切削し、切片を排出するに際し、刃口
がすぐわかり対象組織への狙撃が容易で該組織へ
の食い付きが良好であつて逃げがなく、対象組織
の切断、切削を確実にでき、しかも吸引管内に回
転軸等他部材が貫通していたり、或は該吸引管が
摺動ないし回転することがなく切片の吸引排出を
円滑にできるようにした外科用切除器具を提供す
ることを目的としている。
［発明の概要］ 前記目的を達成するため本発明による外科用切
除器具は、先端を開口した外套管内へ先端有底状
の固定内管を内装して該固定内管の先端部を外套
管先端開口から突出させると共に、この固定内管
の先端突出部外周に組織取込刃口を開口し該刃口
の縁部に内刃を設ける一方、この固定内管を吸引
管として前記刃口に連通した管内を切片吸引移送
路とし、且つ前記外套管内周と固定内管外周との
間に摺動体を軸方向へ摺動自在に内装して前記固
定内管の刃口を開閉可能にすると共にこの摺動体
先端に前記刃口の内刃と噛合う外刃を設けて構成
されている。
［発明の実施例］ 以下図面を参照して変発明の実施例を説明す
る。第１図ないし第４図には本発明外科用切除器
具の一実施例が示されており、第１図は縦断面
図、第２図は取込刃口の形状を示す平面図、第３
図は第１図の−線断面図、第４図は駆動伝達
系を示す側面図である。
これらの図において符号１は外科用切除器具で
あり、手元側の把持部２と、この把持部２から前
方に延設されて体腔内、例えば関節腔内へ挿入さ
れる細長の挿入部３とから構成されている。前記
挿入部３は、把持部２の先端部に基部を固設する
一方先端及び後端を開口した外套管４と、この外
套管４内に内装され有底状先端部を外套管４の先
端開口から突出させた固定内管５と、これら外套
管４内周と固定内管５外周との間に軸方向へ摺動
自在に内装された摺動体７とから構成されてい
る。前記固定内管５は、先端有底状の突出部外周
に組織取込刃口８を開口して該刃口８縁部に内刃
９を形成している。又、この固定内管５は、刃口
８に連通した管内を切片吸引路１０とした吸引管
になつており、その基部を把持部２内に固定され
た固定部材１１に固定している。この固定部材１
１は、その内部に吸引路１０と連通した連通路１
２を有する一方、把持部２外周から螺入されたジ
ヨイント１３をこの連通路１２に連通させてい
る。尚、このジヨイント１３は、接続されるチユ
ーブ１４を介して吸引、回収装置１５に連通され
るようになつている（第５図参照）。又、前記固
定内管５の取込刃口８の形状は、切除対象組織の
種類、大きさ等に応じて例えば第２図Ａ，Ｂ，
Ｃ，Ｄの如く形成される。第２図Ａに示す形状は
軸方向に長い方形で、Ｂに示す形状は周方向に長
い方形であり固定内管５の先端突出長さを短く
し、Ｃに示す形状は前縁が底辺となる三角形状
で、Ｄに示す形状は先端が頂点となる三角形状で
ある。
一方、摺動体７は、（図示例では管体）その先
端に取込刃口８の内刃９と噛合う外刃１６が形成
されていると共に、前方への摺動時に前記取込刃
口８を閉塞し、後方への摺動時に取込刃口８を開
口するようになつている。そして、この摺動体７
の基部側は、把持部２の中空部２ａ内に挿入され
て該中空部２ａ内に内装した例えば駆動伝達系１
７に接続されている。前記駆動伝達系１７は、内
装モータ１８の駆動軸１９を、外周に周回状で前
後に傾斜したカム溝２０を有するカム２１の回転
中心孔２２に挿入して両者のスプライン１９ａ，
２２ａを噛合させている一方、前記カム溝２０に
カムガイドピン２３を係入してカム２１がカム溝
２０に沿つて回転摺動するようにされ、且つこの
カム２１の前面回転中心孔２４に摺動軸２５を挿
入し、軸受けしていると共に、この摺動軸２５を
分岐して分岐軸２５ａ，２５ａを固定部材１１の
貫通孔２６，２６に貫通させ、その貫通突出部に
摺動アタツチメント２７を固定して構成され、こ
のアタツチメント２７に前記摺動体７の基部を接
続して軸方向へ前後に摺動するようになつてい
る。尚、前記モータ１８は、把持部２から延設さ
れたケーブル２８を介して例えば制御部２９（第
５図参照）に電気的に接続され、電流、電圧或い
は周波数制御等により回転数を調整制御可能で、
図示しないフートスイツチ、或は把持部２に設け
る手元スイツチによつてオン、オフないし回転数
制御が可能になつている。
このような構成で体腔内、例えば関節腔内の対
象組織を切除する動作例を第５図を参照して説明
する。第５図に示すように目的とする部位、例え
ば膝関節内の対象組織を切除するには、膝部３０
に外科用切除器具１の挿入部３を挿入する小孔を
トラカール等の穿刺操作によつて設けてトラカー
ル等を介して又は直接挿入部３を挿入する。又、
この挿入部３の挿入前に、関節腔内を観察しなが
ら対象組織の切除手術が行えるように、照明及び
観察光学系が配設された関節鏡３１の挿入部３２
をトラカール等の穿刺操作によつて関節腔内に挿
入し、この関節鏡３１の接眼部より直接又は該接
眼部に装着したテレビカメラ３３によつて撮影し
た映像を表示する表示装置３４に関節腔内及び該
腔内に挿入された前記外科用切除器具１の挿入部
３を観察できる状態にする。さらに、関節腔内を
膨ませ切除手術が容易なように生理的食塩水を制
御された水圧で給水源３５から関節腔内に穿刺し
た給水管３６を経て該関節腔内に供給できる状態
にする。一方、外科用切除器具１の手元側把持部
２のジヨイント１３にチユーブ１４を接続し、吸
引、回収装置１５と連結し、又ケーブル２８の図
示しないコネクタをモータ制御部２９に接続しモ
ータ１８に電力が供給できる状態に設定する。
このような設定状態で術者は関節鏡３１によ
り、又は表示装置３４により関節腔内及び切除器
具１の挿入部３先端部を観察しながら、挿入部３
先端の取込刃口８を切除対象組織に当接させて該
刃口８内に取込み、この状態でスイツチをオンし
てモータ１８を駆動して駆動伝達系１７を介して
摺動体７を軸方向へ前後に摺動して外刃１６を刃
口８縁部の内刃９に噛合わせて前記刃口８内に取
込んだ組織を切断又は切削し、必要時又は常時吸
引、回収装置１５を作動して切片を固定内管５の
吸引路１０、固定部材１１の連通路１２、ジヨイ
ント１３、チユーブ１４を経て吸引、回収装置１
０に回収、排出するものである。
尚、摺動体の摺動運動を得るべく、モータの回
転力を往復運動に変換する手段は前述の実施例の
みならず他の、例えば公知の手段等が種々用いら
れる。尚又、前述の実施例では、摺動体７を管体
にした例を挙げているが、この摺動体７は先端側
のみが管状であつてその先端に外刃１６を形成し
てもよく、或は先端側が刃口８を閉塞できる幅、
形状を有すれば管状でなくてもよい。又、摺動体
７の後方側は管状、軸状、板状のいずれでもよ
い。更に、本発明では挿入部３の断面形状は円
形、楕円形、方形、三角形状のいずれでもよい。
更に又、摺動体７は手動（交叉状ハンドル或はレ
バー等による前後動手段）にて前後に軸方向へ摺
動するようにも構成される。又、本発明は関節腔
内のみならず他の体腔内の組織の切除にも適用さ
れる。
以上説明したように本発明によれば、対象組織
への狙撃が容易で該組織への食い付きが良好であ
つて逃げがなく、対象組織の切断、切削を確実に
でき、しかも吸引管内に回転軸が貫通していた
り、吸引管自体が摺動ないし回転することがない
ので、切片の吸引排出を円滑にできる効果があ
る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図ないし第４図は本発明外科用切除器具の
一実施例に係り、第１図は縦断面図、第２図は取
込刃口の形状を示す平面図、第３図は第１図の
−線断面図、第４図は駆動伝達系を示す側面
図、第５図は使用状態例を示す説明図である。 ２……把持部、３……挿入部、４……外套管、
５……固定内管、７……摺動体、８……取込刃
口、９……内刃、１６……外刃。

Claims (1)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. １ 先端を開口した外套管内へ先端有底状の固定
    内管を内装して該固定内管の先端部を外套管先端
    開口から突出させると共に、この固定内管の先端
    突出部外周に組織取込刃口を開口し該刃口の縁部
    に内刃を設ける一方、この固定内管を吸引管とし
    て前記刃口に連通した管内を切片吸引移送路と
    し、且つ前記外套管内周と固定内管外周との間に
    摺動体を軸方向へ摺動自在に内装して前記固定内
    管の刃口を開閉可能にすると共にこの摺動体先端
    に前記刃口の内刃と噛合う外刃を設けたことを特
    徴とする外科用切除器具。
JP58074762A 1983-04-27 1983-04-27 外科用切除器具 Granted JPS59200644A (ja)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58074762A JPS59200644A (ja) 1983-04-27 1983-04-27 外科用切除器具
US06/602,607 US4589414A (en) 1983-04-27 1984-04-20 Surgical cutting instrument
EP84302801A EP0125070A3 (en) 1983-04-27 1984-04-26 Surgical cutting instrument

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58074762A JPS59200644A (ja) 1983-04-27 1983-04-27 外科用切除器具

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59200644A JPS59200644A (ja) 1984-11-14
JPH0340614B2 true JPH0340614B2 (ja) 1991-06-19

Family

ID=13556611

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58074762A Granted JPS59200644A (ja) 1983-04-27 1983-04-27 外科用切除器具

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4589414A (ja)
EP (1) EP0125070A3 (ja)
JP (1) JPS59200644A (ja)

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US4589414A (en) 1986-05-20
JPS59200644A (ja) 1984-11-14
EP0125070A2 (en) 1984-11-14
EP0125070A3 (en) 1986-03-26

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