JPH10509475A - 原子(または基)移動・ラジカル重合に基づく新規な共重合体および新規な重合方法 - Google Patents
原子(または基)移動・ラジカル重合に基づく新規な共重合体および新規な重合方法Info
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.下記の工程が含まれる原子または基移動ラジカル重合方法。 ラジカル移動可能な原子または基、遷移金属化合物および(共)重合体を形成す るための配位子を有する開始剤の存在下で1個以上のラジカル重合可能な単量体 を重合化するが、前記遷移金属化合物は前記開始剤でレドックスサイクルに加わ り、固定された重合体連鎖に入り込むことが可能であり、前記配位子は遷移金属 にσ結合で配位結合できるN,O,PまたはS含有化合物、または遷移金属にπ 結合で配位結合できる炭素含有化合物であり、遷移金属と成長する重合体ラジカ ルとの間で直接結合は形成されない工程;および 形成された(共)重合体の単離する工程 2.前記単量体、前記開始剤、前記遷移金属化合物および前記配位子の量は成長 するラジカルが前記重合化の間に10-9mol/Lから10-6mol/Lの範囲の濃度で含ま れ、固定された重合体連鎖は前記重合化の間に10-4mol/Lから1mol/Lまでの範 囲の濃度で含まれることを特徴とする請求項1の方法。 3.前記成長するラジカルの濃度が10-8mol/Lから10-4mol/Lまでの範囲である ことを特徴とする請求項2の方法。 4.前記固定された重合体連鎖の濃度が10-4mol/Lから1mol/Lまでの範囲であ ることを特徴とする請求項2の方法。 5.前記単量体が下記式: (式中R1とR2は水素、ハロゲン、CN1、CF3、1個から20個の炭素原子を有 するストレートまたは分岐アルキル、2個から10個の炭素原子を有するα、βー 不飽和ストレートまたは分岐アルケニルまたはアルキニル、1個のハロゲンで置 換された2個から6個の炭素原子を有するα、β不飽和ストレートまたは分岐ア ルケニル、C3-C8のシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリル、C(=Y)R5、C(=Y)N R6R7、およびYC(=Y) R8から成る部類から別個に選ばれるが、その場合にYはNR8またはOでもよく ;R5は1個から20個の炭素原子を有するアルキル、1個から20個の炭素原子を 有するアルコキシ、アリーロキシまたはヘテロシクリロキシであり;R6および R7は別個に水素または1個から20個の炭素原子を有するアルキルであるか、ま たはR6とR7は結合されて2個から5個の炭素原子を有するアルキレン基を形成 し、3員または6員の環状を形成してもよく;R8は水素、ストレートまたは分 枝のC1-C20のアルキルまたはアリールであり;R3およびR4は水素、ハロゲン 、C1-C6アルキルおよびCOOR9から成る部類から別個に選ばれ,R9は水素 、アルカリ金属またはC1-C6アルキル基であり;または R1およびR3は結合された式(CH2)n'の基、または式C(=O)-Y-C(=O)の基 であり、その場合にn'は2から6までの範囲であり、前記基(CH2)nは1から2n 'のハロゲン原子またはC1-C4のアルキル基で置換されてもよく、Yは上記に定 義されたとおりであり; R1、R2、R3およびR4の内の少なくとも2個はHまたはハロゲンである) で表されることを特徴とする請求項1の方法。 6.前記開始剤が下記式: (式中XはCl,Br,I,OR10,SR14,SeR14,OP(=O)R14,OP(=O) (OR14)2,OP(=O)OR14,O-N(R14)2,およびS-C(=S)N(R14)2から 成る部類から選ばれ;R10は1から20個の炭素原子を有するアルキルであり、水 素原子のそれぞれは別個にハロゲン化物により置換されてもよく;R14はアリー ル基またはストレートまたは分岐のC1-C20のアルキル基であり;N(R14)2基 が存在する場合は、2個のR14基が結合されて5員または6員の複素環式環を形 成してもよく;そして R11、R12、およびR13は水素、ハロゲン、C1-C20のアルキル、C3-C8のシ クロアルキル、C(=Y)R5、C(=Y)NR6R7、COCl、OH、CN、C2-C20 のアルケニル、C2-C20のアルキニルオキシラニル、グリシジル、アリール、ヘ テロシクリル、アラルキル、アラルケニル、水素原子の1個から全部までがハロ ゲンと置き換えられるC1-C6のアルキル、及びC1-C4のアルコキシ、アリール 、ヘテロシクリル、C(=Y)R5、C(=Y)NR6R7から成る部類から選ばれる1 個から3個の置換基で置換されたC1-C6のアルキル、オ キラニルおよびグリシジルから成る部類からそれぞれ別個に選ばれ; R5は1個から20個の炭素原子を有するアルキル、1個から20個の炭素原子を有 するアルコキシ、アリールオキシまたはヘテロシクリルオキシであり;R6およ びR7は結合されて2個から5個の炭素原子を有するアルキレン基を形成して、 3員から6員までの環を形成してもよく; R11、R12、およびR13の内の2個だけが水素であることを特徴とする請求項1 の方法。 7.R11、R12、およびR13の内の1個だけがHであることを特徴とする請求項 6の方法。 8.前記遷移金属化合物が式Mt n+X'nで表され、 (式中Mt n+はCu1+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Ru2+,Ru3+,Cr2+,Cr3+,Mo3 + ,W2+,W3+,Mn3+,Mn4+,Rh3+,Rh4+,Re2+,Re3+,Co+,Co2+,V2+ ,V3+,Zn+,Zn2+,Au+,Au2+,Ag+およびAg2+から成る部類から選ば れてもよく; X'はハロゲン、C1-C6のアルコキシ、(SO4)1/2、(PO4)1/3、(R14PO4)1 /2 、(R14 2PO4)、トリフレート、ヘサフルオロホスフェート、メタンスルフォ ネート、アリールスルフォネート、CNおよびR15CO2から成る部類から選ば れるが、R15はHまたはハロゲンで1-5回置換できるストレートまたは分岐C1 -C6のアルキル基であり; nは金属のフォーマル・チャージ(0≦n≦7)である) ことを特徴とする請求項1の方法。 9.前記配位子が下記の式: (式中R15およびR17はH、C1-C20のアルキル、アリール、ヘテロシクリル、 C1-C6のアルコキシで置換されたC1-C6のアルキル、C1-C4のジアルキルア ミノ、C(=Y)R5、C(=Y)R6R7、およびYC(=Y)R8から成る部類から別個 に選ばれ、その場合にYはNR8またはOであり;R5は1個から20個の炭素原子 を有するアルキル、1個から20個の炭素原子を有するアルコキシ、アリールオキ シまたはヘテロシクリルオキシであり;R6およびR7は別個に水素または1個か ら20個の炭素原子を有するアルキルであり、R6とR7は結合されて2個から5個 の炭素原子を有するアルキレン基を形成し、3員から6員の環を形成してもよく ;R8はH、ストレートまたは分岐のC1-C20のアル キルまたはアリールであり; ZはO、S、NR19またはPR19であり、R19はR16およびR17と同じ部類から 選ばれ、ZはPR19であり、R19はまたC1-C20のアルコキシであり; 各R18はC3-C8のシクロアルカンジイル、C3-C8のシクロアルケンジイル、ア レンジイル、および各Zに対する共有結合が隣接位置にあるヘテロシクリレン、 および各Zに対する共有結合が隣接する位置またはβ位置にあるC2-C4のアル キレンとC2-C4のアルケニレンから成る部類から別個に選ばれる二価の基であ り; mは1から6までの数である)で表される化合物; R16およびR17が結合されて、飽和環、不飽和環または複素環を形成できる上記 式の化合物; R16-ZおよびR17-ZのそれぞれがR18基を有する環を形成し、それにZが結合 されて、連結されたまたは融合された複素環式環系を形成する上記式の化合物; R16とR17の一方または両方がヘテロシクリルであり、Zが共有結合、CH2、 またはR16またはR17またはその両方に融合された4員から7員までの環である 上記式の化合物; CO; 1-6個のハロゲン原子、C1-C6のアルキル基、C1-C6のアルコキシ基、C1- C6のアルコキシカルボニル基、アリール基、ヘテロシクリル基、およびさらに 1-3個のハロゲンで置換されたC1-C6のアルキル基で置換できるポルフィリン 及びポルフィセン; 式R20R21C(C(=Y)R5)2(式中YおよびR5は上記に定義されたとおりであり 、R20およびR21のそれぞれがH、ハロゲン、C1-C20のアルキル、アリールお よびヘテロシクリルから成る部類から別個に選ばれ、R20とR21は結合されてC1 -C8のシクロアルキル環または水素化芳香族または複素環式環を形成し、その いずれも(Hとハロゲンを除く)さらに1-5個のC1-C6のアルキル基、C1-C6 のアルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、アリール基、またはその組み合わせたもので置 換される)で表される化合物;および アレーンおよびシクロペンタジエニル配位子(前記シクロペンタジエニル配位子 は1個から5個のメチル基で置換され、またはエチレンまたはプロピレン鎖によ り第二シクロペンタジエニル配位子に連結されてもよい) から成る部類から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項1の方法。 10.開始剤が10-4Mから1Mまでの範囲の濃度で含まれることを特徴とする請求 項1の方法。 11.開始剤と単量体の含有量が10-4:1から10-1:1までのモル比を提供する量で あることを特徴とする請求項1の方法。 12.遷移金属化合物の含有量が遷移金属化合物対開始剤のモル比が0.001:1から 10:1までの範囲となるような量であることを特徴とする請求項1の方法。 13.配位子の含有量は(a)遷移金属化合物上の配位占有割合対(b)配位子の配位占 有割合が1:1から100:1までの範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1の方法。 14.(a)前記重合工程における開始の速度が、(b)前記重合工程の成長の速度ま たはラジカルの移動可能な基が重合体ラジカルへ移動する速度より1,000倍以上 減速するように単量体、開始剤、遷移金属化合物および配位子が選ばれることを 特徴とする請求項1の方法。 15.下記の式: (式中XはCl,Br,I,OR10,SR14,SeR14,O-N(R14)2,S-C(=S) N(R14)2,H,OH,N3,NH2,COOHおよびCONH2から成る部類から 選ばれ、その場合にR10は水素原子のそれぞれが別個にハロゲン化物により置換 されてもよい1-20個の炭素原子を有するアルキルであり、R14はアリールまた はストレートまたは分岐のC1-C20のアルキル基であり、N(R14)2の基が存在 する場合に2個のR14基が結合されて5員または6員の複素環式環を形成しても よく; R11、R12、およびR13はH、ハロゲン、C1-C20のアルキル、C3-C8のシク ロアルキル、C(=Y)R5、C(=Y)NR6R7、COCl、OH、CN、C2-C20の アルケニル、C2-C20のアルキニルオキシラニル、グリシジル、アリール、ヘテ ロシクリル、アラルキル、アラルケニル、水素原子の1個から全部までがハロゲ ンと置き換えられるC1-C6のアルキル、及びC1-C4のアルコキシ、アリール、 ヘテロシクリル、C(=Y)R5、C(=Y)NR6R7から成る部類から選ばれる1個 から3個の置換基で置換されたC1-C6のアルキル、オキラ ニルおよびグリシジルから成る部類からそれぞれ別個に選ばれ; R5は1個から20個の炭素原子を有するアルキル、1個から20個の炭素原子を有 するアルコキシ、アリールオキシまたはヘテロシクリルオキシであり;R6およ R7は結合されて2個から5個の炭素原子を有するアルキレン基を形成して、3 員から6員までの環を形成してもよく; R11、R12、およびR13の内の2個だけがHである;そして M1,M2,M3...Muまではそれぞれ隣接するブロックの単量体が同じでない ように選ばれるラジカル重合可能な単量体であり、p,q,r,...sまでは別個に 各ブロックの数平均分子量が1,000から250,000g/molまでの範囲であるように選 ばれる); 下記式: (式中R11、R12、R13、X,M1,M2,M3...Muまでおよびp,q,r,...s までは上記で定義したとおりである); 下記式: (式中R11、R12、R13およびXは上記に定義したとおりであり、 M1およびM2は異なるラジカル重合可能な単量体であり、MVはM1およびM2の いずれか一方であり、MYはM1およびM2の他方であり、p,q,r,...sまでは別 個に共重合体の数平均分子量が1,000から1,000,000g/molまでの範囲であるよう に選ばれる); 下記式: (式中R11'、R12'、R13'はR11'、R12'、R13'を合計したものが2から5ま でのX基を含有するという条件付きでR11、R12、R13と同じであり、Xは上記 に定義したとおりであり; M1,M2,M3...Muまでは上記に定義したとおりであり;zは3から6まで の数である);および 下記式: (式中R11、R12、R13およびXは上記に定義したとおりであり、M1およびM2 は異なるラジカル重合可能な単量体であり、a,b,c,d,e,f,g,hはa+b=c+d= 100であり、(e-f),(g+h)および(i+j)のどれかまたはすべてが=100または0とな るように別個に選ばれるマイナスでない数であり、a:bの比が100:0から0:100 までの範囲内で、c:dの比が95:5から5:95までの範囲内で、c<aおよびd>bとな るように選ばれ、適用できる場合は、e:fの比は90:10から10:90までの範囲で、e <cおよびf>dとなるように選ばれ、そして連続的なブロックにおいて第一単量体 対第二単量体のモル比の範囲の最終点は5だけ漸次的に減少または増加し、e:f の比は5:95から95:5までの範囲内で、e≠cおよびf≠dとなるように選ばれ、i: jの比は0:100から100:0までの範囲内で、i≠eおよびj≠fとなるように選ばれ る) で表される共重合体。 16.下記の式: (式中XはCl,Br,I,OR10,SR14,SeR14,O-N(R14)2,S-C(=S) N(R14)2,H,OH,N3,NH2,COOH およびCONH2から成る部類か ら選ばれ、その場合にR10は水素原子のそれぞれが別個にハロゲン化物により置 換されてもよい1-20個の炭素原子を有するアルキルであり、R14はアリールま たはストレートまたは分岐のC1-C20のアルキル基であり、N(R14)2の基が存 在する場合に2個のR14基が結合されて5員または6員の複素環式環を形成して もよく; R11、R12、およびR13はH、ハロゲン、C1-C20のアルキル、C3-C8のシク ロアルキル、 C(=Y)R5、C(=Y)NR6R7、COCl、OH、CN、C2-C20のアルケニル、 C2-C20のアルキニルオキシラニル、グリシジル、アリール、ヘテロシクリル、 アラルキル、アラルケニル、水素原子の1個から全部までがハロゲンと置換でき るC1-C6のアルキル、およびC1-C4のアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロシクリル 、C(=Y)R5、C(=Y)NR6R7から成る部類から選ばれる1個から3個の置換 基で置換されたC1-C6のアルキル、オキラニルおよびグリシジルから成る部類 からそれぞれ別個に選ばれ; R5は1個から20個の炭素原子を有するアルキル、1個から20個の炭素原子を有 するアルコキシ、アリールオキシまたはヘテロシクリルオキシであり;R6およ R7は結合されて2個から5個の炭素原子を有するアルキレン基を形成して、3 員から6員までの環を形成してもよく; R11、R12、およびR13の内の2個だけがHである;そして M1,M2,M3...Muまではそれぞれ隣接するブロックの単量体が同じでない ように選ばれるラジカル重合可能な単量体であり、p,q,r,...sまでは別個に 各ブロックの数平均分子量が1,000から250,000g/molまでの範囲であるように選 ばれる) で表される請求項15の共重合体。 17.下記式: (式中R11、R12、R13、X,M1,M2,M3...Muまでおよびp,q,r,...s までは請求項15で定義したとおりである) で表される請求項15の共重合体。 18.下記式: (式中R11、R12、R13およびXは請求項15に定義したとおりであり、 M1およびM2は異なるラジカル重合可能な単量体であり、MVはM1およびM2の いずれか一方であり、MYはM1およびM2の他方であり、p,q,r,...sまでは別 個に共 重合体の数平均分子量が1,000から1,000,000g/molまでの範囲であるように選ば れる) で表される請求項15の共重合体。 19.下記式: (式中R11'、R12'、R13'は請求項15で定義されたR11、R12、R13、と同じで あり、Xは上記に定義したとおりであり; M1,M2,M3...Muまでは上記に定義したとおりであり;zは3から6まで の数である) で表される請求項15の共重合体。 20.下記式: (式中R11、R12、R13およびXは請求項15に定義したとおりであり、M1および M2は異なるラジカル重合可能な単量体であり、a,b,c,d,e,f,g,hはa+b= c+d-100であり、(e+f),(g+h)および(i+j)のどれかまたはすべてが=100または0 となるように別個に選ばれるマイナスでない数であり、a:bの比が100:0から0: 100までの範囲内で、c:dの比が95:5から5:95までの範囲内で、c<aおよびd>bと なるように選ばれ、適用できる場合は、e:fの比は90:10から10:90までの範囲で 、e<cおよびf>dとなるように選ばれ、そして連続的なブロックにおいて第一単量 体対第二単量体のモル比の範囲の最終点は5だけ漸次的に減少または増加し、e: fの比は5:95から95:5までの範囲内で、e≠cおよびf≠dとなるように選ばれ、i :jの比は0:100から100:0までの範囲内で、i≠eおよびj≠fとなるように選ばれ る) で表される請求項15の共重合体。
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| PCT/US1996/003302 WO1996030421A1 (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1996-03-19 | Novel (co)polymers and a novel polymerization process based on atom (or group) transfer radical polymerization |
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| MX244246B (en) | 2007-03-20 |
| CN1183107A (zh) | 1998-05-27 |
| KR19980703419A (ko) | 1998-11-05 |
| TW520380B (en) | 2003-02-11 |
| ATE317405T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
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| US5763548A (en) | 1998-06-09 |
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| US6407187B1 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
| US6624263B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 |
| MX206034B (ja) | 2002-01-18 |
| IL117626A (en) | 2006-08-20 |
| US20020193538A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
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