TW200426369A - Reduction of the hook effect in assay devices - Google Patents
Reduction of the hook effect in assay devices Download PDFInfo
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- TW200426369A TW200426369A TW093107368A TW93107368A TW200426369A TW 200426369 A TW200426369 A TW 200426369A TW 093107368 A TW093107368 A TW 093107368A TW 93107368 A TW93107368 A TW 93107368A TW 200426369 A TW200426369 A TW 200426369A
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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Description
200426369 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 一般在流式化驗中使用各種不同分析程序及設備來測定 試驗樣本憎有的分析物與/或者漠度。例如,免疫分析利用免疫 系統機構,其中製造存有致病或與有機體無關的抗原之抗體。這些 抗體及抗原(即免疫反應物)能互相黏結,藉以引起高特定反應機 構,此可使用於測定生物樣本中存有的特殊抗原或濃度。 【先前技術】 有數個眾所周知的免疫方法,此使用標有可偵檢成分的免 疫反應物,因此可分析>ί貞檢分析物。舉例來說,“三明治型,, (sandwich-type)化驗一般牵涉試驗樣本與可偵檢探針混合,比如染 色乳液或放射性同位素,此與特定分析物的黏合構件結合。結合探 針形成具有分析物的合成物。然後這些合成物抵達固定抗體地區, 此處在抗體及分析物之間發生黏結,以形成三元的“三明治合成 物”(sandwichcomplexes)。三明治合成物位於偵檢分析物地區。此 技巧可使用於獲得定量或半定量結果。此三明治型化驗的一些範例 由ggibb等人描述於美國專利編號第4,168,146號以及Tom等人的 美國專利編號第4,366,241號。 供論如何’當暴露於較南分析物濃度時,許多傳統的“三 明治型”化驗構成遭遇相當不正確。換句話說,當分析物在高濃度 時,試驗樣本中有很多部分無法形成具有結合探針的合成物。因 此,根據偵檢地區,未合成的分析物為了黏合處而與合成的分析物 競爭。因為未合成的分析物不標有探針,因而無法偵檢。所以,假 使相當數目的黏結處變得被未合成的分析物佔領,化驗可表示‘‘偽 陰性’’(falsenegative)。此問題一般稱為“鉤扣效果,,(h〇〇keffect)。 已在免疫分析中提出減少“鉤扣效果”的各種不同技 術。例如,_mann等人的美國專利編號第6,184,042號描述在三 明治化驗中減少鉤扣效果的一種技術。此技術牵涉在固相中培養樣 本,此固相具有至少二個可黏結至分析物的受體。第一受體為黏結 5 Mavis-PK-001-0894-2004/7/28 200426369 分^的齊聚體,此選自抗體、抗體斷片及其混合物。第二受體黏結 或可黏結至固相。使用可溶解的絲體抗體意謂減少“釣扣^ 果”。 操論如何,仍需在簡單、有效率及較便宜方式中存有 “鉤扣效果”的改善技術。 【發明内容】 依照本發明的一實施例,揭發偵檢分析物在試驗樣本中的 存在或數量之方法。此方法包含: 〇提供流式化驗設備,此包含與偵檢探針聯繫的多孔薄 膜,此可產生一偵檢信號,偵檢探針與分析物的特定黏結構件結 合,多孔薄膜定義為固定接收材料内的偵檢地區; 1 將含有分析物的試驗樣本與結合偵檢探針接觸,因此 形成分析物/探針合成物及未合成分析物; 出)允許未合成分析物接受非特定黏結;以及 iv)在分析物/探針合成物與偵檢地區内的接受材料之間 形成二兀合成物,其中接受材料剩下較自由的未合成分析物。 例如,在一實施例中,未合成的分析物未具體黏結至至少 結合偵檢探針部分的範圍。在此實例中,含有此範圍的結合偵檢探 針可個別足義為構成約2G%至1GG%空隨積(被探針简)的中空 内側。這些“中空”探針可具有一内侧表面及一外側表面,其中= 側表面包括此範圍。在一實施例中,此範圍為疏水性。 依照本發明ό纟另-實補,揭發流式化驗設備,以備檢試 驗樣本内分析物的存在或數量。流式化驗設備包含一多孔薄膜,此 薄膜與可產生-偵檢信號的偵檢探針聯繫。當接觸時,偵檢探針與 分析物的特定縣構件結合,爾成與齡巾的讀物結合i 使得形成分析物/探針的合成物及未合成的分析物。結合備檢^針 進步含有此非特足黏結至未合成分析物的範圍。多孔薄膜也定義 為固定接受材料内的偵檢地區,此構成黏結至分析物/探針的合成 物。結合的偵檢探針可在偵檢地區内產生一偵檢信號,因此可g該 6 Mavis-PK-001-0894-2004/7/28 偵檢信號測定試驗樣本内的分析物。 本發明的其他特性及觀點將更詳述探 【實施方式】 土義 此處所使用“分析物’,(analyteH_胃偵檢的物質。例 如’分析物可包括抗原物質、半抗原、抗體及其結合物。分析物包 括(但不受限)毒素、有機化合物、蛋白質、縮氨酸、微生物、氨基 酸、核酸、荷爾蒙、類固醇、維他命、麻醉劑(包括那些施行治療 目的以及施行不法目的)、藥劑媒介或副產品、細菌、病毒顆粒及 代謝物或任何上面物質的抗體。-些分析物的特定範例包括血清蛋 白鐵;减断罐MIB(CK_MB);毛地黃;域鋪;犹比妥;卡 巴氮平;萬股黴素;見大黴素;茶鹼;帝拔癲(valpr〇ic add);異金難納 鹼;黃體化荷爾蒙(LH);促卵泡激素荷爾蒙(FSH);雌二酮、黃體脂 酮;C-反應蛋白;Hpocalins;IgE抗體;維他命B2微球蛋白;糖化血色 素(glycated hemoglobin)(Gly· Hb);腎上腺皮質醇;洋地黃毒素;N乙 普魯卡因(NAPA);proccainamide(用於治療不整脈);德國麻疹的抗體 (比如德國麻疹-IgG及德國麻療IgM);住血原病蟲的抗體(比如住血 原病蟲IgG(Toxo-IgG)及住血原病蟲igM(Toxo-IgM));睪丸激素;水 楊酸鹽;乙醯基氨基苯;B型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg);B型肝炎核 心抗體(比如B型肝炎核心抗體IgG及IgM(Anti-HBC));人體免疫缺 陷病毒1及2(HIV 1及2);人體T細胞血癌病毒1及2(HTLV);B型 肝炎e抗體(HBeAg);B型肝炎e抗體(Anti-HBe);流行性感冒病毒; 甲狀腺刺激荷爾蒙(TSH);甲狀腺素(T4);總三碘甲狀腺素(Total 丁3); 自由三碘甲狀腺素(Free T3);癌胚抗原(CEA);以及血中胎兒蛋白 (α-fetalprotein) (AFP)。濫用及控制物質的藥劑包括(但不受限)安 非他命;氧化血紅素;巴必妥酸鹽(比如戊巴必妥、西可巴必妥、戊基 巴必毋妥、苯巴必妥及巴必妥);苯二氮(比如librium及valium);大 麻鹼(比如印度大麻葉及大麻煙);古柯鹼;吩坦尼;LSD;白板;鎮靜劑 (比如海洛英、嗎钟、可待因、二氫嗎啡酮、氫可酮、美沙酮、可 7 Mavis-PK-001 -0894-2004/7/28 200426369 待因酮、羥二氫嗎啡酮及鴉片);環烴六胺;以及propoxyhene。其他 有可能的分析物可由Everhart等人描述於美國專利編號第 6,436,651號以及Tom等人的美國專利編號第4,366,241號。 此處所使用“試驗樣本”(test sample)—詞意謂涉嫌含有 分析物的材料。試驗樣本可直接使用作為獲自來源或下面預先處理 方式,以變更樣本特性。試驗樣本可衍生於任何生物來源,比如生 理流體,此包括血液、組織液、唾液、眼睛水晶體流體、腦脊髓液 (cerebral spinal fluid)、汗水、尿液、乳汁、腹水、沙啞、關節液、 腹膜液、陰道流體、羊水等等。在使用前可預先處理試驗樣本,比 如自血液、稀釋黏液等等準備血漿。處理方法可牵涉過爐、沉殿、 稀釋、蒸餾、混合、濃縮、減除妨害成分的活性及加入試劑。除了 生理流體外,可使用其他液體樣本,比如水、食品生成物等等,以 執行環境或食品製作化驗。另外,涉嫌含有分析物的固體材料可使 用作為試驗樣本。在一些實例中,此有益於變更固體試驗樣本,已 形成液體媒介物或將分析物分離。 詳述 目前的參考文獻將詳述此發明的各種不同實施例,下面發 表一或更多範例。每個範例經由此發明說明提供,對此發明無限 制。事實上,顯然精通技藝對本發明的各種不同變更及變動無須達 反此發明的範圍或精神。例如,說明或描述部分實施例的特性可使 用於另一實施例,以產生更進一步實施例。因此,本發明意圖在附 加申請專利範圍及其同等物内涵蓋此變更及變動。 一般而言,本發明為針對以薄膜為基礎的化驗設備,以偵 檢4驗樣本巾的分析物存在或數量。此設備對感興趣的分析物利用 含有特足雜構件的結合探針。當接觸時,特定黏結構件優先與試 驗樣本_分析物合成。辭未與特定雜構件合成的過多分析物 允彳接爻非特定黏結,比如範圍(例如表面、分子等等卜結果,限 制未合成分析物與合成分析物在設備的雜地區絲。因此,“偽 陰性”(false negatives)的發生雜於解、有鱗及較便宜的方式 8 Mavis-PK-001-0894-2004/7/28 引用第一圖列如,流式化驗設備(20)的一實施例可根據本 發明形成,此將詳述於下。如圖示,設備(20)含有一多孔薄膜(23), 此可任意由硬性材料⑵)支撐。一般而言,多孔薄膜(23)可由任何 各種不同材料經由可通過的試驗樣本製造。舉例來說,使用於形成 多孔薄膜(23)的材料可包括(但不受限)天然、合成或天然發生而合 成變更的材料,比如多醣類(例如纖維素材料(比如紙張)及纖維素衍 生物(例如纖維素酷酸人造絲及硝化纖維素));聚酸續胺;尼龍薄膜; 矽石;無機材料(比如無作用的礬土、矽藻土、Mgso4或其他無機細 ,材料,此一律分散於多孔聚合基質,具有聚合物,比如氯化埽、 氯化烯-丙埽共聚物及氯化晞_醋酸乙烯共聚物);布料、天然發生(例 如棉布)及合成(例如尼龍及人造絲);多孔凝膠(比如矽凝膠、洋菜、 右旋醣及骨膠);聚合薄膜(比如聚丙缔醯胺)等等。在一特別實施例 中’夕孔薄膜(23)由硝化纖維素與/或者聚g旨續胺材料形成。需了解 此項“硝化纖維素”(nitr〇cellul〇se)引用纖維素的硝酸酯,此可為單 硝化纖維素或硝酸及其他酸的混合酯,比如具有1置7個碳原子 的脂肪族羧酸。 μ 此設備(20)也可含有一芯吸襯墊(28)。芯吸襯墊(28)—般接 收移t全部多孔薄膜(23)的流體。如眾所周知的技藝,芯吸襯塾(28) 可幫助促進毛細管作用,且流體流經薄膜(23)。 欲發起偵檢試驗樣本内的分析物,使用者可經由移動而直 接將試驗樣本運用於多孔薄膜(23)部分。或者,試驗樣本首先可運 用於抽取襯墊(無圖示),此與多孔薄膜(23)流體聯繫。可使用於形 成抽取襯墊的一些適當材料包括(但不受限)硝化纖維素、纖維素、 多孔聚乙烯襯墊及玻璃纖維濾紙。假使理想的話,抽取襯墊也可含 有一或更多化驗預先處理試劑,此不是擴散性就是非擴散性附著。 在此說明的實施例中,試驗樣本自抽取襯墊(無圖示)移至 結合襯墊(22),此與抽取襯墊的一末端聯繫。結合襯墊(22)由可通 過試驗樣本的材料形成。舉例來說,在一實施例中,結合襯墊(22)
Mavis-PK-001 -0894-2004/7/28 200426369 由破璃纖維形成。雖然僅顯示一結合襯塾(22),需了解本發明也可 使用其他結合襯墊。 欲促進正確偵檢試驗樣本内分析物的存在與否,在設備 (20)的各種不同位置運用探針,此目的為偵檢與/或者校準。如更詳 述於下,騎—般含有標有產生信號物質的顆粒或小珠。例如,各 種不同適當標籤包括(但不受限)&素原;催化劑;勞光化合物;化合光 化合物;磷光化合物;放射性化合物;直視標籤(此包括膠質金屬&如 金)及非金屬顆粒、染料顆粒、酵素或臃作用物或有機聚合乳膠顆 粒);超微脂囊或其他含有產生信號物質的水泡等等。例如,適合使 用作為探針的-些酵素由述於美國專利編號帛 φ 4,275,149號,其為所有目的而完全合併於此作為參考。酵素/腾作 用物系統的一範例為酵素鹼性的活性磷酸酯膦及臃作用物硝酸藍 4-zolium-5-溴斗氯-3-p引α朵基磷酸鹽或衍生物或其相似物戈 物”基卿磷酸鹽。其他適當標射由 編號第5,670,381號以及迦ha等人的美國專利編號第5,252,459 號,其為所有目的而完全合併於此作為參考。 在一些實施例中,標籤可含有螢光化合物,此產生一可偵 檢k號。螢光化合物可為螢光分子、聚合物、樹狀聚合物、顆粒等 等。例如,適當螢光分子的一些範例包括(但不受限)螢光素、螯化 銪、藻膽蛋白、玫瑰紅顏料及其衍生物與相似物。視覺偵檢的有色 化合物也可使用作為標籤,藉以提供直接有色讀出分析物在樣本中 是否存在或濃度,此不需進一步產生信號試劑。 通常’探針顆粒以分析物的特定黏結構件變更,以形成結 合抓針。特定黏結構件引用特定黏結組的構件,即二個不同分子, 此處其中一分子乃化學與/或者物理黏結至第二分子。例如,免疫 反應特定黏結構件可包括抗原、半抗原、適合體、抗體及其合成物, 此包括由重組DNA方法或縮氨酸合成形成。抗體可為單株抗體或 多株抗體、重組蛋白或混合物或其斷片,以及為抗體及其他特定黏 結構件的混合物。此抗體及其適合使用作為特定黏結構件的詳述製 10 Mavis-PK-001 -0894-2004/7/28 備為眾所周知的精通技藝。其他共同特定黏結組包括(但不限定)維 生素=及抗生物性蛋白、碳水化合物及血球凝集物質(lec㈣、補充 核甘酸順序(包括探針捕獲核酸,此使用於DNA雜交化驗,以侦檢 t標核酸順序)、補充縮氨酸順序(包括由重組方法、作用器及受體 分子形成)、荷爾蒙及荷爾蒙黏結蛋白、酵素輔助因子及酵素、酵 素抗化劑及酵素等等。再者,特定黏馳可包括最初特定黏結構件 相似物的構件。舉例來說,可使用分析_衍生物或斷片(即相似 分析物)’只要與分析物一樣具有至少一抗原決定基。 —特定黏結構件可使用各種任何已知技術而附著至顆粒。例 如’特定黏結構件至顆粒的共舰結可使驗基、氨基、乙醛、溪 化乙醯基、碘化乙醯基、硫醇、環氧基及其他反應或連接官能基以 及剩餘自由叙基本陽軒完成,可經由蛋自偶合反應完成。表面 g旎基也可隨官能化共同單體而合併,因為顆粒表面可含有較高表 面濃度的極性邵分。另外,賴顆粒常常在合成後官能化,在某情 形中’比如聚硫紛,爾立可直接與蛋白共價連結,此無需進一步變 更。舉例來說,仙第二圖,說明本發明共價結合—雌的一實施 例、。如所7F,結合的第一步驟為使用碳化二亞胺使羧基在顆粒表面 的活化。、在第二步驟中,㉟活化的羧酸基與抗體的氨基反應,已形 成一醯胺鍵。活化與/或者抗體偶合可發生於緩衝物中,比如磷酸 鹽緩衝生理食鹽水(pBS)(例如pH 7 2)或嗎林乙基續酸(MES)(例如 PH5.3)。如圖示,然後結果中空顆粒可用乙醇胺封閉,例如封閉任 何剩餘活化處。整體而言,此作卿成結合,此處抗體共價附著至 顆粒。除了共價連結外,本發明也可利用其他附著技術(比如物質 吸附)。 再度引用第一圖,化驗設備(2〇)也可含有一偵檢地區 (31),此固定可黏結至結合探針的接收材料。舉例來說,在一些實 施例中’接收材料可為生物接收材料。此生物接收材料為熟知的技 藝’並可包括(但不受限)抗原、半抗原、抗體、蛋白質Α或G、抗 生物性蛋白、第二柷體及其合成物。在—些情形中,理想的是這些 11 Mavis-PK-001 -0894-2004/7/28 200426369 生物接收材科可黏結至探針上的特定黏結構件(例如抗體)。另外, 同樣理想為彻接收猶的各種不同非生物猶。例如,在一些實 施^1中,接收材料可包括聚合電解質。聚合電解質可具有淨正或負 私何’而且靜電荷—般為中性。例如,具有淨正電荷之聚合電解質 的-些適當範例包括(但不受限)聚離氨酸(商業上獲自密蘇里州路 Sigma-Aidriw匕學公司)、聚乙撐亞胺…環氧备丙燒-έ月色聚胺與/或者polyamid_ines(比如聚(二甲胺_共同f環氧-氯 -,));、二晞丙基二甲基氯化銨;陽離子纖維素衍生物(比如與四級 銨鹽水/谷性單體接枝的纖維素共聚物或纖維素衍生物)等等。在一
CelQuat® SC-230M 4 H.100(€ ^ National &化予么司)’此為含有四級铵鹽水溶性單體的纖維素衍生 物。再者,具有淨負電荷之聚合電解質的一些適當範例包括(但不 又限)聚丙埽酸(比如聚乙缔共甲基丙稀酸、納鹽)等等。也須了解也 可,用其他聚合電解質,比如兩性聚合電㈣(即具有極性及非極 ^刀)例如’適g兩性聚合電解質的一些範例包括(但不受限) ,(苯乙缔基姻_甲基2_乙缔錢财化物)及聚(苯乙缔基各丙缔 酸),二者獲自加拿大Dorval的Polymer s_e,Ine。 : 接收材料作為分析物/探針合成物的固定連結處。換句話 έ刀析物(比如抗體、抗原等等)一般具有二個黏結處。根據抵達 檢地區(31) ’其中-黏結處被結合探針的特定雜構件佔領。無 备士 I:刀析物的自由黏結處可黏結至固定的接收材料。根據黏結 至固足的接收材料,合成探_成新的三元三明治合成物。 …偵檢地區(31)-般可提供許多獨特偵檢區域,因此使用者 可較佳測賴驗樣本内的特定分析物濃度。每個區域可含有箱桐接 Ζ料或可含有不同接收材料,以捕獲多數分析物。舉例來說,偵 U區(31)可包括二或更多崎偵檢區域(例如線、點等等)。偵檢 =、可在大致與試驗樣本流經化驗設備(2〇)垂直的方向中以線形配 祕同樣地,在-些實施例巾,碰區域可在大致與試驗樣本流經 化驗設備平行的方向中以線形配置。
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Mavis-PK-001-0894-2004/7/28 200426369 雖然偵檢地區(31)可指示分析物的存在,單獨使用偵檢地 區(31)常常困於測定試驗樣本内分析物的相對濃度。因此,化驗設 備(20)也可包括一校準地區(32)。在此實施例中,在多孔薄膜(23) 上形成校準地區(32),並配置於校準地區(31)的下游。校準地區(32) 長:供可黏結至任何剩餘未捕獲的探針,此探針通過薄膜(23)的長 度。校準地區(32)中所利用的接收材料可與使用於偵檢地區(31)使 用的接收材料相同或相異。再者,與偵檢地區(31)類似的是,校準 地區(32)也可在任何方向提供許多個別校準區域,因此使用者可較 佳測足試驗樣本内的特別分析物濃度。每個區域可含有相同接收材 料’或可含有不同接收材料,以捕獲不同探針。 泰 校準區域可預先以不同數量的接收材料裝填於多孔薄膜 (23)上,因此由每個校準區域根據探針遷移而產生不同信號強度。 可禾I用不同尺寸的杈準區域與/或者改變每個校準區域中接收材料 的濃度或體積而改變每個校準區域内的所有黏結劑數量。假使理想 1話,過多探針可運用於化驗設備(20)中,因此每個校準區域達到 信號強度本身充滿及預定可能性。即,因為預定及設定已知程度在 才又準區域上運用的接收材料數量,則可預定校準區域的探針數量。 — 不分化驗設備的正確結構,結合探針含有感興趣分析物的
2争疋黏結構件。結果,當接觸時,結合探針能夠與分析物合成。不 5 4驗樣本中的分析物數量有時超過由特定黏結構件提供的合成 2數目。傳統上’為了位於偵檢地區(31)的接收材料,此未合成的 刀析物與合成的分析物競爭。欲關此“鉤扣效果,,(hGGkaffect), 發月和用優先及非特定黏結。換句話說,由於彼此為高吸引力, 1 十的特定雜構件優絲結至分析物。當特定麟構件變得完全 占辦’然後試驗樣本中的未合成分析物無經綱外黏結。 “、,因此,依照本發明,未合成分析物經歷“非特定,,黏結。 非特疋”黏結-般引用分析物的分子間引力至—分子或無特定 ^ f物雜構件的表面。可在各種方式中完成非候黏結。舉例來 '在-實施例中,非特定黏結透過二個疏水性範圍(例如表面、 13 Mavis-PK-001 -0894-2004/7/28 200426369 分子等等)之間的引力發生。即,雖然分析物中含有的試驗樣本為 水性,分析物本身含有疏水性範圍。因此,未合成分析物的疏水性 範圍並非特定藉疏水性引力而黏結至另一疏水性範圍。疏水性交互 作用通常描述非極性/分子/表面之間在水性環境中的引力。相信疏 水性引力最初經由自由能自疏水性表面獲得相關水分子分離而發 生’即與蓬鬆相中的水分子比較下,接觸疏水性表面的水分子在自 由能項目中為較不有利狀態。疏水性交互作用的更多詳述探討可由 Israelachvil 及 Wennerstrom,Nature, 1996 年,379,219-225; Israelachvili,Intermolecular 及 Source Forces(第二版),Academic
Press,1991 年;以及 van 〇ss,Interfacial Forces in Aqueous Media1 MarcelDekker,1994年。除了疏水性交互作用外,也發生其他非特 定黏結。舉例來說,可發生靜電引力(比如氬键結或離子鍵結),以 減少鉤扣效果。 欲避免減少化驗設備的正確性,一般理想為運用非特定黏 結技術可辨別合成及未合成分析物。在大部分實施例中,此差別由 尺寸區別完成。舉例來說,結合探針可含有足夠大的氣孔,以允許 較小的未合成分析物通過,但小到足以阻塞較大的合成分析物。舉 例來說,氣孔可具有約小於l〇〇nm(十億分之一公尺)的平均尺寸, 在一些實施例中約為5至100 nm,且在一些實施例中約為〇·ι至 60 nm。藉含有某尺寸的氣孔,結合探針可辨別合成及未合成的分 析物,此僅允許未合成分析物通過。 再者,在一些實施例中,結合探針也可為“中空”,即個 別疋義中空内側’此由約20%至100%構成,且在一些實施例中, 約’30%至100%的空間體積被探針佔領。即,每個中空探針的相當 空間部分剩餘為空的。中空内側可提供許多好處。例如,在一些實 施例中,顆粒的内側表面可較疏水性。結果,當未合成分析物移經 氣孔時,此可藉疏水性交互作用而非特定黏結至疏水性的内側表 面。在-實施例中,中空探針為乳膠的中空小珠,此由聚丙缔酸及 殼式聚合物及聚苯乙晞芯式聚合物。聚苯乙料式聚合物形成可非 14 Mavis-PK-001-0894-2004/7/28 200426369 特疋黏結至未合成分析物的疏水性内側表面。雖然此引力不如同分 析物及特定黏結構件之_成的鍵般賴,儘管如此,相信引力強 到足以阻止未合成分析物槪與合成分析物在偵檢地區競爭。無論 如何,假使理想的話,也須了解内侧表面也可為親水性。 另外,未合成分析物有時可锈入中空探針的内侧表面。在 ,實例中,未合成分析物無法與錢地區中連結處的合成分析物競 爭,此不分是否有非特定連結。舉例來說,在一實施例中,中空探 針可含有-親摊_表面及—疏雜或外織面。賴—些=人 成分析物將非歡翁至相表面,此可變概人_财性表; 内°進-步’進人探針巾空區_未合成精物可解緩慢下降, 因此在合成分析物連結至接收材料後,僅到達偵檢地區(31)。 、當利用時,一般可改變中空探針的形狀。例如,在一特別 實施例中’中空探針為球形。無論如何,需了解本發明也可考慮其 他形狀,比如盤子、棒子、圓盤、竿狀、管狀、不規卿狀等^ 另外’也可改變中空探針的尺寸。例如,中空顆粒的平均尺寸(例 如直徑)範圍達約為〇·1 nm至1,〇〇〇微米,在一些實施例中約為〇1 ^至100微米,且在一些實施例中約為丨肺至1〇微米。例如, 、米刻度”雌常為理想的。當利用時,此“微米刻度,,顆粒的 ,均尺寸約為1微米至Μ⑻微米,在_些實施例約為i微米至· 微米,且在-些實施例中約為i微米至1〇微米。同樣地,“毫微 刻度”顆粒的平均尺寸约為αΐ至1〇毫微米,在一些實施例 〇·1至5毫微米,且在—些實施例中約為毫微米。、、 、“如上所述,雖然可改變顆粒的形狀及尺寸,常常理想的是 ,粒為早蝴散’’(m〇n〇dispersedw匕為膠狀分散内的顆粒具有 3相同尺寸與/或者形狀。由於_般_定特性,單徑瀰散的中空 “針可提供改善可靠性及再生性。 、除了尺寸及形狀外,也可改變形成中空探針的材料。例 i Γ $探針事實上可為有機與7或者無機,並可為聚合物、寡聚 、分子等等。舉例來說,中空探針可由聚合物形成,比如聚苯乙 15 Mavis-PK-001-0894-2004/7/28 200426369 烯、甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物、乙稀叉二氯/丙缔赌共聚物等 等。其他適當的中空聚合顆粒可由Kowalski等人描埔从H同参利 編號第4,427,836號;Craig等人的美國專利編號第4,480,042 號;Mp_D_on_al.d_.等人的美國專利編號第4,973,670號;Choi等人的美國 專利編號第5,618,888號;以及Blankenshb菩人的美网參利編號第 6,139,961號,其為所有目的而完全合併於此作為參考。其他更多使 用的中空顆粒包括無機材料,比如玻璃中空顆粒。例如, ECCOSPHERES®為衍生於硼娃酸鈉的中空玻璃顆粒,此商業上獲 自Emerson及Curming合成材料有限公司。例如,衍生於無機材料 的其他代表性顆粒包括矽石中空微粒體,此獲自Miy〇shi Kasei,Inc. 的商標名“SILICABEADSS700”下。中空無機顆粒的其他範例由 座φη等人描述於美國專利編號第6,416,774號,其為所有目的而完 全合併於此作為參考。 在一特別實施例中,中空顆粒可由一或更多天然會合成的 乳膠聚合物形成。此乳膠中空顆粒的範例由jones等人描述於美國 專利編號第5,663,213號,其為所有目的而完全合併於此作為參考, 且商業上獲自賓夕凡尼亞州費城的Rohjn & Haas,此在名稱 SimSpheres®下。'213專利描述此乳膠中空顆粒(此一般為“微米刻 度尺寸)可使用於日光防禦。無論如何,本發明家也發現乳膠中 空顆粒在化驗設備中具有出乎意料的效用。 乳膠中空顆粒一般含有一芯式聚合物及一殼式聚合物。一 般可改變使用於形成芯式及殼式聚合物的單體。例如,可選擇殼式 聚合物來提供一玻璃轉移溫度(Tg),此高度足以支撐顆粒的空隙, 例如比方約大於5〇°c,在一些實施例中約大於60〇c,且在一些實 施例中約大於70。〇使用於形成殼式聚合物的適當單體之一些範例 包括(但不受限)非離子埽未飽和單體、含有至少一羧酸基的單一埽 未飽和單體等等。 形成芯式聚合物的單體可包括一或更多單一烯未飽和單 體’此含有至少一羧酸基。在一些實施例中,例如,至少約5游〇 16 Mavis-PK-001 -0894-2004/7/28 200426369 的芯式聚合物之單一浠未飽和單體含有至少一幾酸,此根據芯的總 單體重量而定。含有至少一羧酸基的適當單一烯未飽和單體之範例 包括(但不受限)甲基丙婦酸、丙晞氧丙酸、甲基丙婦氧丙酸、衣康 酸、丙埽三羧酸、馬來酸或脫水化合物、反丁埽二酸、丁稀駿、單 甲基順丁缔二酸鹽、單甲基反丁烯二酸酯、單甲基衣康酸等等。此 處所使用“甲基丙埽基”((meth)aciylic)—詞意謂作為一般表示含 有丙缔基及甲基丙烯基。 在一實施例中,含有至少一幾酸基的單一稀未飽和單體與 一或更多非離子(例如無離子基)烯未飽和單體異分子聚合。一些適 當非離子埽未飽和單體包括(但不受限)苯乙缔、乙錦r基甲苯、乙埽、 醋酸乙缔、氯化烯、乙稀叉二氯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙 缔酸的(CrC20)烷基或(CrC20)鏈埽酯(比如甲基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙 基(甲基)丙缔酸酯、丁基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-乙基己基(甲基)丙晞酸 酯、苯基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、十二基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、十八基(甲基) 丙烯酸酯、十六基(曱基)丙烯酸酯、十八醯(甲基)丙晞酸酯)等等。 芯式聚合物與/或者殼式聚合物可任意含有約0.1 wt%至 20 wt%,且在一些實施例中約為〇·ι wt%至3 wt%的聚烯未飽和單 體,此根據聚合物的總單體重量而定。此未飽和單體的範例包括(但 不受限)乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、烯丙基(甲基)丙晞酸酯、1,3_丁二 醇二(甲基)丙婦酸酯、乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基) 丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯或二乙晞苯。假使理想 的話,芯式聚合物與/或者殼式聚合物可含有約0.1 Wt%至60 wt% 的丁二晞,此根據聚合物的總單體重量而定。 欲製造乳膠顆粒中的空間,芯一般充滿膨脹劑,此含有一 或更多揮發性成分。膨脹劑滲入殼,以使芯膨脹。然後膨脹劑的揮 發性成分藉由乳膠顆粒除去,藉以引起在乳膠顆粒内形成空間。雖 然並不需要’膨脹劑可為水性。適當水性範例包括(但不受限)氨水、 氫氧化銨、鹼性金屬氫氧化物(比如氫氧化鈉)或揮發性胺(比如三甲 胺或三乙胺)。也可用其他方式完成除去樣板芯,比如在高溫中燒 17 Mavis-PK-001-0894-2004/7/28 200426369 成灰’或藉化學反應引起芯式材料分解。 除了芯-殼中空顆粒外,也可使用其他熟知技藝形成中空 顆粒。舉例來說,Caruso等人的美國專利編號第6,479,146號描述 使用靜私力开)成中空顆粒,其為所有目的而完全合併於此作為參 考。尤其,使用奈米粒子聚合物多層的模板式靜電一層一層 (LBL )沉積形成中空顆粒。例如,模板顆粒可含有有機聚合物 乳膠’比如聚苯乙烯或苯乙締共聚物乳膠。 模板顆粒交替塗佈聚合電解質分子及奈米粒子。聚合電解 質通常為具有離子式分離基的聚合物,此離子式分離基可為聚合鏈 的成分或取代基。奈米粒子一般為陶瓷顆粒,比如任意塗有其他金 屬氧化物的二氧化矽、二氧化鈦及二氧化锆;磁性顆粒,比如Fe3〇心 磁光顆粒;氮化顆粒,比如SisN4、碳化陶瓷顆粒;金屬顆粒,比如金、 銀及鈀;以及疏續或含selene顆粒,比如硫化鎘、硒化鎘等等。 在一實施例中,在使用奈米粒子及聚合電解質的交替層或 交替奈米粒子層之前,模板顆粒首先塗佈數層反電荷陽離子及陰離 子聚合電解質。-般模板雌塗佈至少二或高至六層的反電荷陽離 子及陰離子聚合電解質,例如三層。最外層的聚合電解質層一般為 關於放置奈米粒子的反電荷。在大部分實施例中,在已完成塗層 後,模板顆粒至少部分分解。它們可溶解於適當溶劑與/或者熱溶 解(例如以至少約50(rC的溫度鍛燒)。在模板顆粒溶解後,中^殼 剩下由奈米粒子及任意聚合電解質材料組成。 假使理想的話,形成靜電顆粒可改造成在至少一層含有氣 孔。此氣孔可由聚合電解質或奈米粒子本身形成。例如,使用於聚 合電解質沉澱的媒介物之高鹽濃度結果為高滲透性的殼壁。換句話 說,使用於奈米粒子(例如Si〇2)沉積結果為低滲透性的奈米粒子。 因此,藉調整沉積媒介物中的鹽濃度,理想下可控制殼的滲透性。 ,一步,殼的滲透特性可由分解芯的狀況變更,例如在鍛燒程序中 藉選擇溫度及加熱狀況。 一般而s ’各種流式化驗設備根據本發明構成。在此顧慮 18 Mavis-PK-001 -0894-2004/7/28 中,目前將更詳述本發明的各種不同實施例。無論如何,需了解下 面探討僅為示範,且本發明考慮其他實施例。例如,引用第三圖, 一特殊實施例顯示含有中空顆粒的偵檢探針(41)。在此實施例中, 偵檢探針(41)運用於結合襯墊(22),且因此在與試驗樣本聯繫時能 流經設備(20)(如以方向箭號L表示)。偵檢探針(41)與分析物a的 特定連結構件(90)結合,因此根據與分析物A接觸,探針(41)優先 合成,隨即形成分析物/探針合成物(49)。之後,任何剩下的分析物 進入探針(41)的内侧(無圖示),此處非明確連結至探真的内側表 面,或相反變得堵住。 然後探針/分析合成物(49)自結合襯墊(22)流經多孔薄膜 (23),直到抵達偵檢地區(31),此處連結至接收材料(91),比如抗體, 以形成三明治合成物(53)。因為未合成的分析物堵住探針(41)的内 側内,此無法與接收材料的合成分析物競爭。因此,在偵檢地區(31) 中’可從偵檢探針(41)的信號強度探查分析物的數量。假使理想的 話’此設備(20)也可使用校準探針(43),此流至校準地區(32),並連 結至接收材料(無圖示),比如聚合電解質。在此實例中,在偵檢地 區(31)中的信號強度可由校準地區(32)中的校準探針(43)之信號強 度校準。信號強度可目視測量或經由設備(比如螢光閱讀器)幫助測 量0 雖然上面已描述設備形狀的各種不同實施例,需了解本發 明的設備一般可具有任何理想形狀,並不需含有上面所述的所有成 分。例如,各種不同其他設備形狀與/或者化驗方式由Lambotte箏 4描述於美國專利編號第5,395,754號Joii等人的美國鼻利編號第 5,670,381號;以及的美國專利編號第6,194,220號,其 為所有目的而完全合併於此作為參考。 本發明參照下面範例而可更加了解。 範例1 提供SunSphere™中空顆粒(獲自R〇hm & Haas)。這些顆 19 Mavis-PK-001 -0894-2004/7/28 200426369 粒具有大约25%的固體含量,以及300 nm(十億分之一公尺)的平均 測量尺寸(根據SEM及顆粒分粒器而定)。以嗎林乙基磺酸緩衝物 (MES,pH 5·3)清洗500微升的顆粒溶液二次,每次1公撮。變成1 供錯的顆粒/MES緩衝溶液,加入30毫克的碳化二亞胺(Polysciences,
Inc·)。此反應允許10分鐘循環發生。 然後自反應溶液分離出空顆粒,並以1公撮的硼酸緩衝物 清洗。將1毫克的勞光染料(即5-(及-6)-((Ν-(5-氨基戊基)氨基)羰 基)4-甲基玫瑰紅顏料-(4-甲基玫瑰紅染料屍胺)加入硼酸緩衝溶 液。在一定旋轉下允許此反應發生1小時。在完成反應後,將表層 物丟掉,且以硼酸鹽緩衝物清洗中空顆粒,直到表層物變澄清,以 g 除去任何游離的螢光染料。然後中空顆粒再次懸浮於丨公撮的硼酸 緩衝物中’作為庫存。從庫存溶液中取出1〇〇微升,並稀釋於5〇〇 微升的硼酸緩衝物中。變成此中空顆粒溶液後,加入1〇〇微升的單 株柷體Mab 5811(Bi〇sPacific,6.4毫克/公撮),且在一定旋轉下允許 此反應發生超過56小時。此反應以2〇〇微升的乙醇胺抑制,且中 空顆粒以PBS緩衝物清洗,且最後儲存於5〇〇公撮的保管緩衝物 中’此緩衝物含有0.1克分子的PBS、〇 15克分子的Naa、1%的 BSA、5%的甘油及〇·ι%的NaN3。 範例2 · 說明依照本發明形成側流化驗的能力。最初,Minipore HF120硝化纖維素薄膜疊層具有長度大約為3〇公分的一致托卡 (supporting card) ° Aqueous Celquat® 100-H(獲自 National Starch &
ChemicaUnc·的纖維素聚合電解質衍生物)溶液剝成薄膜,以形成一 控制線。c-反應蛋白的單株抗體Mab 58〇4(1毫克/公撮,此獲自 BiosPacific,Inc·)固定於多孔薄膜樣本上,以形成一偵檢線。然後在 37°C溫度中將薄膜樣本乾燥!小時。纖維素纖維芯吸襯麵碰p〇re 公司)P付著至薄膜的其中-端,並切成4毫米的二分之-帶子。 將二分之一的桿帶放置各種不同微孔,此處結合範例1的 20 Mavis-PK-001-0894-2004/7/28 20微升螢光中空探針與20微升的CRP抗原溶液或2〇微升的TBS 、、爰衝物混合。含有緩衝物的微孔作為負面控制,同時含有Cpp抗 原的微孔作為正面樣本。當完成化驗時,取出二分之一桿棒,然後 使用具有直角放置的Fluorolog皿光譜螢光計(SPEX Industries,Inc., 新澤西州的Edison)測量偵檢線上的螢光強度。偵檢線上的螢光強 度直接與抗原三明治合成物的數量有關,因此直接與CRp抗原的 $辰度有關。 結果如下面表1所示,此處“Γ表示螢光中空探針的信 號強度。負面控制的信號強度考慮參考資料,並從含有CRP分析 物的樣本信號強度扣除。須注意,即使在5000ng/公撮的分析物濃 度,觀察無鉤扣效果。 表1:信猇栽度結果 分析物(ng/公撮) 信號強度“I” 〇(控制) 44 5 115 50 160 500 240 2500 320 5000 454 範例3 為了比較目的,此依照本發明不利用非特定連結來形成化 驗設備。最初,以嗎林乙基磺酸緩衝物(MES,pH 5.3)清洗125微升 的藍色乳膠顆粒(獲自Bangs Laboratory,Inc” 10%的0.3微米尺寸) 二次而形成結合乳膠珠,每次1公撮。乳膠顆粒再次懸浮於500微 升的MES緩衝物。50毫克的碳化二亞胺溶解於50微升的MES缓 衝物中,並與500微升的乳膠顆粒溶液混合。允許發生活化反應30 21 Mavis-PK-001 -0894-2004/7/28 200426369 分鐘。顆粒自反應溶液分離後,以硼酸緩衝物清洗二次。這些顆粒 再次懸浮於1公撮的硼酸緩衝物中,並加入15微升的單株CRP抗 體Mab 5811,且發生反應2又1/2小時。以1公撮的乙醇胺抑制乳 膠顆粒30分鐘,並進一步以PBS緩衝物清洗二次,且最後儲存於 1公撮的儲存緩衝物中。 欲形成化驗設備,Millipore HF 120硝化纖維素薄膜疊成 具有長度大約微30公分的一致托卡。Aqueous CelQuat® 100-H(獲 自National Starch & Chemical,Inc·的纖維素聚合電解質衍生物)溶 液剝成薄膜,以形成一控制線。C·反應蛋白的單株抗體Mab 5804(1 毫克/公撮,此獲自BiosPacific,Inc·)固定於多孔薄膜樣本上,以形 成一偵檢線。然後在37T溫度中將薄膜樣本乾燥1小時。纖維素 纖維芯吸襯墊(Millipore公司)附著至薄膜的其中一端,並切成4毫 米的二分之一帶子。將二分之一的桿帶放置各種不同微孔,此處為 19微升的2% Tween 20溶液與1微升的結合乳膠珠混合,且一起具 有20微升的CRP抗原溶液或20微升的TBS緩衝物。含有緩衝物 的微孔作為負面控制,同時含有CRP抗原的微孔作為正面樣本。 當完成化驗時,取出一半桿子,並以反射閱讀器測量偵檢 線上的強度。結果如第四圖所示,此顯示強度(在偵檢線區域中的 圖素)與分析物濃度的比較。如所示,在抵CRP濃度中發生“鉤扣 效果”,即約250置500ng/公撮。 範例4 為了比較目的,此依照本發明不利用非特定連結來形成化 驗設備。最初,探針由結合具有尺寸為4〇 nm單株抗體“北5811 的金製顆粒(在波長維530 nm,吸收率=1)形成。欲形成化驗設備, Millipore HF 120硝化纖維素薄膜疊成具有長度大約微3〇公分的一 致托卡。Aqueous CelQuat⑧ 100-H(獲自 National Starch & Chemical,
Inc.的纖維素聚合電解質衍生物)溶液剝成薄膜,以形成一控制線。 c-反應蛋白的單株抗體Mab5804(1毫克/公撮,此獲自Bi〇sPacific, 22 Mavis-PK-001-0894-2004/7/28 200426369
Inc.)固定於多孔薄膜樣本上,以形成一偵檢線。然後在37〇c溫度 中將薄膜樣本乾燥1小時。纖維素纖維芯吸襯墊(Millip0re公司 著至薄膜的其中一端,並切成4毫米的二分之一帶子。將二分之一 的桿帶放置各種不同微孔,此處為19微升的2% Tween 20溶液與i 微升的結合金製顆粒混合,且一起具有2〇微升的CRP抗原溶液或 20微升的TBS緩衝物。含有緩衝物的微孔作為負面控制,同時含 有CRP抗原的微孔作為正面樣本。 " 當完成化寺,取出一半桿子,並以反射閱讀器測量偵檢 線上的強度。結果如第五圖所示,此顯示強度(在偵檢線區域中的 圖素)與分析物濃度的比較。如所示,在抵CRP濃度中發生“釣扣 效果”,即約250置500 ng/公撮。 儘管發明已詳述關於特定實施例,已根據達成對前文的理 解而了解到精通技藝可輕易變更、變動及與這些實施例相當。因 此,本發明範圍依附加申請專利範圍及任何同等物評定。 【圖式簡單說明】 本發明全部及能揭發乃包括其最佳方式,此針對通常精通 的技藝,此尤其更發表於剩下的說明書中,並參考附圖,如下: 第一圖為本發明的流式化驗設備之一實施例的立體圖; 第二圖為將抗體共價連結至中空探針的一實施例之圖解 說明; 第三圖為本發明的流式化驗設備之一實施例的圖解說明; 第四圖為範例3結果的圖解敘述; 第五圖為範例4結果的圖解敘述;以及 第六圖為範例1所利用中空顆粒的SEM相片(放大1〇〇 倍)。 本說明書中重複使用的參考特性意圖表示此發明的相同 或相似特性或要素。 23 Mavis-PK-001 -0894-2004/7/28 200426369 【主要元件符號說明】 20 flow-through assay device 流式化驗設備 21 rigid material 硬性材料 22 conjugate pad 結合襯墊 23 porous membrane 多孔薄膜 28 wicking pad 芯吸襯墊 31 detection zone 偵檢地區 32 calibration zone 校準地區 41 detection probe 偵檢探針 49 probe/analyte complexes 探針/分析合成物 53 sandwich complexes 三明治合成物 90 probe member 探針構件 91 receptive material 接收材料
24
Mavis-PK-001-0894-2004/7/28
Claims (1)
- 卜、申請專利範圍: 0 4曰 1?^ »% 量的方法,該方法包含: 此 …沉式化驗設備,此包含觸檢探針聯繫的乡孔薄膜,〜 ϋ) iii) iv) ^產生-倾信號,該偵檢探針與分析物的特定黏結構件結 5,孩多孔薄膜定義為固定接收材料内的偵檢地區; 因此形成 將含有分析物的試驗樣本與該結合偵檢探針接觸 分析物/探針合成物及未合成分析物; 允許該未合成分析物接受非特定黏結;以及 在齡析物/探針合成物麵檢顧内的接受材料之間形成三 元合成物,其中接受材料剩下較自由的未合成分析物。 如申請專利細第丨項的雜,其中該未合成分析物未特定連結至 至少該連結偵檢探針部分上的範圍。 如申請專利範圍第2項的方法,其中含有個別範圍的結合探針定義 由被該探針佔領20%至100%空間體積所構成的中空内側,該探針 具有一内側表面及一外側表面。 如申請專利範圍第3項的方法,其中該内側表面包括該範圍。 如申請專利範圍第3項的方法,其中該結合偵檢探針為球形。 如申請專利範圍第3項的方法,其中該結合偵檢探針由芯式聚合物 及殼式聚合物形成。 如申請專利範圍第3項的方法,其中該結合偵檢探針由靜電層沉積 形成。 如申請專利範圍第2項的方法,其中該範圍為疏水性。 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法,其中該結合偵檢探針定義為具有平 均尺寸小於100 nm的氣孔。 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法’其中遠結合偵檢探針的平均尺寸範 圍為0.1 nm至100微米。 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法,其中該結合偵檢探針包含一物質, 此選自由色素原、催化劑、勞光化合物、化合光化合物、磷光化合 物、放射性化合物、直視標籤、微脂囊及其組合所組成。 25 Mavis-PK-001-0894-2004/7/28 200426369 12· —種偵檢試驗樣本内存有的分析物及數量的方法,該方法包 1)提供流式化驗設備,此包含與偵檢探針聯繫的多孔薄膜,此可產 生一偵檢k號,該偵檢探針與分析物的特定黏結構件結合,並 個別定義為由該探針佔領20%至100%空間體積所構成的;空内 側,該探針具有一内側表面及一外側表面,該多孔薄膜定^為 固定接收材料内的偵檢地區; … ϋ)將含有分析物的試驗樣本與該結合偵檢探針接觸,因此形成分 析物/探針合成物及未合成分析物; 沿)允許該未合成分析物非明確連結至該結合偵檢探針的内側表面· 以及 ’ iv)在遠分析物/探針合成物與偵檢地區内的接受材料之間形成二 元合成物,其中接雙材料剩下較自由的未合成分析物。 13·如申請專利範圍帛12項的方法,其中至少該内侧表面部分為疏 性。 b Μ.如申請專利範圍第U項的方法,其中該結合鑛探針定義為具有 平均尺寸小於1〇〇 nm的氣孔。 I5·如申請專利範圍帛I2項的方法,其中該結合偵檢探針為球形。 16·如申請專利範圍第12項的方法,其中該結合偵檢探針由一芯式聚 合物及一殼式聚合物形成。 17.如申巧專利範圍第丨2項的方法,其中該結合偵檢探針由靜電層沉 春 積形成。 IS·=申請專利範圍帛^項的方法,其中該結合偵檢探針的平均尺寸 範圍為〇· 1 nm至100微米。 I9· 一種偵檢試驗樣本内存有的分析物及數量的流式化驗設備,該流式 化鹽設備包含與偵檢探針聯繫的多孔薄膜,此可產生—偵檢信號, ^貞檢探針與分析物的特定連結構件結合,並在接騎構成與試驗 樣本中的分析物結合,使得形成分析物/探針合成及未合成分析 物’雜合偵檢探針進一步包含未明確連結至該未合成分析物的範 圍’該多孔薄膜定義Λ固定接受材料内的偵檢地區,此構成連結至 26 Mavis-PK-001 -0894-2004/7/28 20. 20. 21· 22· 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 13. 該分析物/探針合成物,其中該結合偵檢探針可產生一偵檢信號, 同時在該偵檢區域内,使得可自該偵檢信號測定試驗樣本内的分析 物數量。 如申請專利範圍第19項的流式化驗設備,其中該結合偵檢探針含 有個別定義為由該探針佔領20%至100%空間體積所構成的中空内 側範圍’該探針具有一内側表面及一外側表面。 如申請專利範圍第20項的流式化驗設備,其中該内側表面包括該 範圍。 如申請專利範圍第20項的流式化驗設備,其中該結合偵檢探針為 球形。 如申請專利範圍第20項的流式化驗設備,其中該結合偵檢探針由 一芯式聚合物及一殼式聚合物形成。 如申請專利範圍第20項的流式化驗設備,其中該結合偵檢探針由 靜電層沉積形成。 如申請專利範圍第19項的流式化驗設備,其中該範圍為疏水性。 如申請專利範園第19項的流式化驗設備,其中該結合偵檢探針定 義為具有平均尺寸小於100 nm的氣孔。 如申請專利範圍第19項的流式化驗設備,其中該結合偵檢探針的 平均尺寸範圍為0.1 nm至1〇〇微米。 如申請專利範圍第19項的流式化驗設備,其中該結合偵檢探針包 含一物質,此選自由色素原、催化劑、螢光化合物、化合光化合物、 磷光化合物、放射性化合物、直視標籤、微脂囊及其組合所組成。 27 Mavis-PK-001-0894-2004/7/28
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| US20040197819A1 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2004-10-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Assay devices that utilize hollow particles |
| US7439079B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2008-10-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Assay devices having detection capabilities within the hook effect region |
| US7829347B2 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2010-11-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Diagnostic test kits with improved detection accuracy |
| EP2034318B1 (en) * | 2006-06-26 | 2013-09-04 | Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation | Flow cell and process for manufacturing the same |
| US7935538B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2011-05-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Indicator immobilization on assay devices |
| GB0717043D0 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2007-10-10 | Inverness Medical Switzerland | Assay device |
| CN102036696A (zh) * | 2008-03-12 | 2011-04-27 | 安琪士摩奇株式会社 | 药物溶出型导管及制造该药物溶出型导管的方法 |
| DE102008019928A1 (de) * | 2008-04-21 | 2009-12-31 | Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Gmbh | Polyelektrolyt-Monoschichten mit kovalenten Bindungsstellen für optische Signalwandler |
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-
2003
- 2003-04-03 US US10/406,631 patent/US7851209B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-03-03 CN CN2004800073280A patent/CN1761880B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-03 AU AU2004232218A patent/AU2004232218A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-03-03 KR KR1020057017436A patent/KR101057918B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-03 CA CA2513895A patent/CA2513895C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-03 EP EP04716888A patent/EP1608981B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-03 WO PCT/US2004/006414 patent/WO2004095030A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-03-03 MX MXPA05009835A patent/MXPA05009835A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-03-19 TW TW093107368A patent/TW200426369A/zh unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1608981A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
| EP1608981B1 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
| KR101057918B1 (ko) | 2011-08-19 |
| WO2004095030A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
| CA2513895C (en) | 2013-07-02 |
| MXPA05009835A (es) | 2005-12-05 |
| US20040197820A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
| AU2004232218A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
| KR20050113231A (ko) | 2005-12-01 |
| US7851209B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 |
| CA2513895A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
| CN1761880B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
| CN1761880A (zh) | 2006-04-19 |
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