TW201740949A - 用作atr激酶抑制劑之化合物及其組合療法 - Google Patents
用作atr激酶抑制劑之化合物及其組合療法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於用作ATR蛋白激酶抑制劑之化合物及其組合療法。本發明亦關於包含本發明化合物之醫藥上可接受之組合物;使用本發明化合物治療各種疾病、病症及病狀之方法;製備本發明化合物之方法;用於製備本發明化合物之中間體;及使用該等化合物於活體外應用(諸如激酶在生物學及病理學現象中之研究,該等激酶所介導之細胞內訊息傳導路徑之研究,及新激酶抑制劑之比較評估)之方法。本發明化合物具有式I:□其中該等變量係如本文所定義。
Description
本發明主張2012年4月5日申請之美國臨時申請案第61/620,717號在35 U.S.C.§119下的權益,其全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。
ATR(「ATM及Rad3相關」)激酶係參與對DNA破壞之細胞反應之蛋白激酶。ATR激酶與ATM(「毛細血管擴張性失調突變」)激酶及許多其他蛋白一起作用以調控對DNA破壞之細胞反應(通常稱為DNA破壞反應(「DDR」))。DDR藉由活化細胞週期檢查點(其提供修復時間)刺激DNA修復、促進存活並停止細胞週期進程。在無DDR之情況下,細胞對DNA破壞更加敏感且容易因由內源性細胞過程(例如DNA複製)或常用於癌症療法中之外源性DNA破壞劑誘導之DNA損害而死亡。
健康細胞可依賴於大量用於DNA修復之不同蛋白(包括DDR激酶ATR)。在一些情形下,該等蛋白可藉由活化功能上多餘的DNA修復過程而互補。相反,許多癌細胞在其一些DNA修復過程(例如ATM信號傳導)中潛藏缺陷,且因此對其保持完整DNA修復蛋白(包括ATR)展示更大之依賴性。
另外,許多癌細胞表現活化致癌基因或缺乏關鍵腫瘤抑制因子,且此會使得該等癌細胞易於引起DNA複製階段失調,進而產生
DNA破壞。ATR視為DDR中反應DNA複製受破壞之重要組份。因此,該等癌細胞之存活比健康細胞更依賴於ATR活性。因此,ATR抑制劑可用於癌症治療(單獨或與DNA破壞劑組合使用),因為其關閉DNA修復機制,該DNA修復機制在許多癌細胞中比在健康正常細胞中對於細胞存活更為重要。
實際上,已顯示在不存在及存在DNA破壞劑時ATR功能破壞(例如因基因缺失所致)均促進癌細胞死亡。此表明ATR抑制劑可有效作為單一藥劑或作為放射線療法或遺傳毒性化學療法之高效敏化劑二者。
可使用文獻中已知之多種方法表現並分離ATR肽(例如,參見Ünsal-Kaçmaz等人,PNAS 99:10,第6673頁至第6678頁,2002年5月14日;亦參見Kumagai等人,Cell 124,第943頁至第955頁,2006年3月10日;Unsal-Kacmaz等人,Molecular and Cellular Biology,2004年2月,第1292頁至第1300頁;及Hall-Jackson等人,Oncogene 1999,18,6707-6713)。
出於所有該等原因,業內需要研發作為單一藥劑或作為組合療法之一部分用於治療癌症之高效選擇性ATR抑制劑。
本發明係關於用作ATR蛋白激酶抑制劑之化合物。本發明亦係關於包含本發明化合物之醫藥上可接受之組合物;使用本發明化合物治療各種疾病、病症及病狀之方法;製備本發明化合物之方法;用於製備本發明化合物之中間體;及在諸如以下活體外應用中使用該等化合物之方法:在生物學及病理學現象中之激酶研究;由該等激酶介導之細胞內訊息傳導路徑之研究;及新激酶抑制劑之比較評估法。
本發明化合物係極高效ATR抑制劑。
圖1:當用VE-821、ABT-888及電離輻射治療時來自MDA-MB-231乳癌細胞系之癌細胞形成細胞群落之存活性(Clonogenic survial)
圖2及3:當用VE-822、ABT-888及電離輻射治療時來自RKO及MDA-MB-231乳癌細胞系之癌細胞形成細胞群落之存活性
圖4:VE-822與PARP抑制劑瑞卡帕尼(Rucaparib)之組合在各種癌細胞系中之癌症選擇性協同效應
圖5:VE-822與PARP抑制劑瑞卡帕尼之組合在癌細胞中與在正常細胞中相比之癌症選擇性協同效應
圖6a:VE-822、PARP抑制劑瑞卡帕尼及電離輻射(IR)之組合之癌症選擇性協同效應
圖6b:VE-822、PARP抑制劑瑞卡帕尼及順鉑(cisplatin)之組合之癌症選擇性協同效應。
本發明之一態樣提供式I化合物:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中R1係具有0至4個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之5至6員單環芳基或雜芳基環,其中該單環芳基或雜芳基環視情況稠合至另一環,形成具有0至6個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之8至10員二環芳基或雜芳基環;各R1視情況經1至5個J1基團取代;R2係具有0至3個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之5至6員單環芳
基或雜芳基環,其中該單環芳基或雜芳基環視情況稠合至另一環,形成具有0至4個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之8至10員二環芳基或雜芳基環;各R2視情況經1至5個J2基團取代;L係-C(O)NH-或-C(O)N(C1-6烷基)-;n係0或1;各J1及J2獨立地係鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-V1-R或-(V2)m-Q;V1係C1-10脂族鏈,其中0至3個亞甲基單元視情況且獨立地經O、NR”、S、C(O)、S(O)或S(O)2置換;V1視情況經1至6個JV1取代;V2係C1-10脂族鏈,其中0至3個亞甲基單元視情況且獨立地經O、NR”、S、C(O)、S(O)或S(O)2置換;V2視情況經1至6個JV2取代;m係0或1;Q係具有0至4個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之3至8員飽和或不飽和單環或具有0至6個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之9至10員飽和或不飽和二環;各Q視情況經0至5個JQ取代;各JV1或JV2獨立地係鹵素、CN、NH2、NO2、C1-4脂族基、NH(C1-4脂族基)、N(C1-4脂族基)2、OH、O(C1-4脂族基)、CO2H、CO2(C1-4脂族基)、C(O)NH2、C(O)NH(C1-4脂族基)、C(O)N(C1-4脂族基)2、NHCO(C1-4脂族基)、N(C1-4脂族基)CO(C1-4脂族基)、SO2(C1-4脂族基)、NHSO2(C1-4脂族基)或N(C1-4脂族基)SO2(C1-4脂族基),其中該C1-4脂族基視情況經鹵基取代;R係H或C1-6脂族基,其中該C1-6脂族基視情況經1至4個NH2、NH(C1-4脂族基)、N(C1-4脂族基)2、鹵素、C1-4脂族基、OH、O(C1-4脂族基)、NO2、CN、CO2H、CO2(C1-4脂族基)、CO(C1-4脂族基)、O(鹵基C1-4脂族基)或鹵基C1-4脂族基取代;各JQ獨立地係鹵基、側氧基、CN、NO2、X-R或-(X)p-Q4;p係0或1;
X係C1-10脂族基;其中該C1-6脂族基之1至3個亞甲基單元視情況經-NR、-O-、-S-、C(O)、S(O)2或S(O)置換;其中X視情況且獨立地經1至4個NH2、NH(C1-4脂族基)、N(C1-4脂族基)2、鹵素、C1-4脂族基、OH、O(C1-4脂族基)、NO2、CN、CO(C1-4脂族基)、CO2H、CO2(C1-4脂族基)、C(O)NH2、C(O)NH(C1-4脂族基)、C(O)N(C1-4脂族基)2、SO(C1-4脂族基)、SO2(C1-4脂族基)、SO2NH(C1-4脂族基)、SO2N(C1-4脂族基)2、NHC(O)(C1-4脂族基)、N(C1-4脂族基)C(O)(C1-4脂族基)取代,其中該C1-4脂族基視情況經1至3個鹵基取代;Q4係具有0至4個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之3至8員飽和或不飽和單環或具有0至6個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之8至10員飽和或不飽和二環;各Q4視情況經1至5個JQ4取代;JQ4係鹵基、CN或C1-4烷基,其中最多2個亞甲基單元視情況經O、NR*、S、C(O)、S(O)或S(O)2置換;R係H或C1-4烷基,其中該C1-4烷基視情況經1至4個鹵基取代;R’、R”及R*各自獨立地係H、C1-4烷基或不存在;其中該C1-4烷基視情況經1至4個鹵基取代。
另一實施例提供式I化合物,其用於治療ATM信號傳導級聯或鹼基切除修復蛋白具有缺陷之癌症。
在一些實施例中,L係-C(O)NH-;且R1及R2係苯基。
另一實施例提供式IA-iii化合物:
其中
環A係或,J5o係H、F、Cl、C1-4脂族基、O(C1-3脂族基)或OH;
J5p係;J5p1係H、C1-4脂族基、氧環丁烷基、四氫呋喃基、四氫吡喃基;其中J5p1視情況經1至2個OH或鹵基取代;J5p2係H、甲基、乙基、CH2F、CF3或CH2OH;J2o係H、CN或SO2CH3;J2m係H、F、Cl或甲基;J2p係-SO2(C1-6烷基)、-SO2(C3-6環烷基)、-SO2(4至6員雜環基)、-SO2(C1-4烷基)N(C1-4烷基)2或-SO2(C1-4烷基)-(4至6員雜環基),其中該雜環基含有1個選自氧、氮或硫之雜原子;且其中該J2p視情況經1至3個鹵基、OH或O(C1-4烷基)取代。
在一些實施例中,環A係。
在其他實施例中,環A係。
另一實施例提供選自以下之化合物:
在又一實施例中,該化合物係選自WO 2010/071837中所述化合物。
在一些實施例中,該等變量係如在本揭示內容之化合物(包括本
文表中化合物)中所繪示。
本發明化合物包括彼等概述於本文中者,且進一步由本文所揭示之種類、子類及物質予以闡釋。除非另有說明,否則本文所用之以下定義應適用。出於本發明之目的,根據元素週期表,CAS版,Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,第75版來識別化學元素。此外,有機化學之一般原則闡述於「Organic Chemistry」,Thomas Sorrell,University Science Books,Sausalito:1999及「March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry」,第5版:Smith,M.B.及March,J.,John Wiley & Sons,New York:2001中,其全部內容皆以引用方式併入本文中。
如本文所述,原子之指定數字範圍包括其中之任一整數。舉例而言,具有1至4個原子之基團可具有1、2、3、或4個原子。
如本文所述,本發明化合物可視情況經一或多個取代基取代,如本文所概述,或如由本發明之特定種類、子類及物質所例示。應瞭解,片語「視情況經取代」可與片語「經取代或未經取代」互換使用。一般而言,術語「經取代」(不論前面是否存在術語「視情況」)係指使用指定取代基基團置換給定結構中之氫基團。除非另有說明,否則視情況經取代之基團可在該基團之各可取代位置處具有取代基,且在任一給定結構中之一個以上之位置可經一個以上之選自指定基團的取代基取代時,在各位置處之取代基可相同或不同。本發明設想之取代基之組合較佳係彼等可形成穩定或化學上可行化合物者。
除非另有說明,否則經自環中心繪製之鍵連接之取代基意指取代基可鍵合至環中任一位置。例如,在下文實例i中,J1可鍵合至吡啶基環上之任一位置。對於二環,藉助該兩個環繪製之鍵指示取代基可自二環之任一位置鍵合。例如,在下文實例ii中,J1可鍵合至5員環(例如,在氮原子上)及6員環。
本文所用術語「穩定」係指如下化合物:在出於本文所揭示之一或多個目的而經受其製備、檢測、回收、純化及使用之條件時,其並不發生實質性變化。在一些實施例中,穩定化合物或化學上可行之化合物係如下化合物:其在40℃或以下之溫度下、在不存在水分或其他化學反應條件下保持至少一週時並不發生實質性變化。
本文所用術語「脂族」或「脂族基」意指完全飽和或含有一或多個與分子其餘部分具有單一附接點之不飽和單元的直鏈(即,不具支鏈)、具支鏈或環狀經取代或未經取代之烴鏈。
除非另有說明,否則脂族基含有1至20個脂族碳原子。在一些實施例中,脂族基含有1至10個脂族碳原子。在其他實施例中,脂族基含有1至8個脂族碳原子。在再一些其他實施例中,脂族基含有1至6個脂族碳原子,且在又一些其他實施例中,脂族基含有1至4個脂族碳原子。脂族基可為直鏈或具支鏈經取代或未經取代之烷基、烯基或炔基。具體實例包括(但不限於)甲基、乙基、異丙基、正丙基、第二丁基、乙烯基、正丁烯基、乙炔基及第三丁基。脂族基亦可為環狀,或具有直鏈或具支鏈及環狀基團之組合。該等類型脂族基之實例包括(但不限於)環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環己烯基、-CH2-環丙基、CH2CH2CH(CH3)-環己基。
術語「環脂族」(或「碳環」或「碳環基」)係指完全飽和或含有一或多個與分子之其餘部分具有單一附接點之不飽和但不為芳族之單元的單環C3-C8烴或二環C8-C12烴,其中該二環系統中之任一個別環具有3至7個成員。環脂族基之實例包括(但不限於)環烷基及環烯基。具體實例包括(但不限於)環己基、環丙烯基及環丁基。
本文所用術語「雜環」、「雜環基」或「雜環」意指非芳族單環、二環或三環環系統,其中一或多個環成員係經獨立地選擇之雜原子。在一些實施例中,「雜環」、「雜環基」或「雜環」基團具有3至14個環成員,其中一或多個環成員係獨立地選自氧、硫、氮或磷之雜原子,且系統中之各環含有3至7個環成員。
雜環之實例包括(但不限於)3-1H-苯并咪唑-2-酮、3-(1-烷基)-苯并咪唑-2-酮、2-四氫呋喃基、3-四氫呋喃基、2-四氫苯硫基、3-四氫苯硫基、2-嗎啉基、3-嗎啉基、4-嗎啉基、2-硫代嗎啉基、3-硫代嗎啉基、4-硫代嗎啉基、1-吡咯啶基、2-吡咯啶基、3-吡咯啶基、1-四氫六氫吡嗪基、2-四氫六氫吡嗪基、3-四氫六氫吡嗪基、1-六氫吡啶基、2-六氫吡啶基、3-六氫吡啶基、1-吡唑啉基、3-吡唑啉基、4-吡唑啉基、5-吡唑啉基、1-六氫吡啶基、2-六氫吡啶基、3-六氫吡啶基、4-六氫吡啶基、2-四氫噻唑基、3-四氫噻唑基、4-四氫噻唑基、1-咪唑啶基、2-咪唑啶基、4-咪唑啶基、5-咪唑啶基、吲哚啉基、四氫喹啉基、四氫異喹啉基、苯并四氫噻吩、苯并二噻烷及1,3-二氫-咪唑-2-酮。
環狀基團(例如環脂族及雜環)可為線性稠合、橋接或螺環。
術語「雜原子」意指氧、硫、氮、磷或矽中之一或多者(包括氮、硫、磷、或矽之任一氧化形式;任一鹼性氮之四級銨化形式或;雜環之可取代氮,例如N(如3,4-二氫-2H-吡咯基中)、NH(如吡咯啶基中)或NR+(如N-取代之吡咯啶基中))。
本文所用術語「不飽和」意指具有一或多個不飽和單元之部分。如熟習此項技術者已知,不飽和基團可為部分地不飽和或完全不飽和。部分地不飽和基團之實例包括(但不限於)丁烯、環己烯及四氫吡啶。完全不飽和基團可為芳族、反芳族或非芳族。完全不飽和基團之實例包括(但不限於)苯基、環辛四烯、吡啶基、噻吩基及1-甲基吡
啶-2(1H)-酮。
本文所用術語「烷氧基」或「硫烷基」係指如先前所定義藉助氧(「烷氧基」)或硫(「硫烷基」)原子附接之烷基。
術語「鹵基烷基」、「鹵基烯基」、「鹵基脂族」及「鹵基烷氧基」意指烷基、烯基或烷氧基視情況經一或多個鹵素原子取代。此術語包含全氟烷基,例如-CF3及-CF2CF3。
術語「鹵素」、「鹵基」及「hal」意指F、Cl、Br或I。
單獨或作為較大部分之一部分(如在「芳烷基」、「芳烷氧基」或「芳氧基烷基」中)使用之術語「芳基」係指具有總計5至14個環成員之單環、二環及三環環系統,其中系統中之至少一個環係芳族且其中系統中之各環含有3至7個環成員。術語「芳基」可與術語「芳環」互換使用。
單獨或作為較大部分之一部分(如在「雜芳烷基」或「雜芳基烷氧基」中)使用之術語「雜芳基」係指具有總計5至14個環成員之單環、二環及三環環系統,其中系統中之至少一個環係芳族,系統中之至少一個環含有一或多個雜原子,且其中系統中之各環含有3至7個環成員。術語「雜芳基」可與術語「雜芳基環」或術語「雜芳族」互換使用。雜芳基環之實例包括(但不限於)2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、N-咪唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、5-咪唑基、苯并咪唑基、3-異噁唑基、4-異噁唑基、5-異噁唑基、2-噁唑基、4-噁唑基、5-噁唑基、N-吡咯基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-嘧啶基、嗒嗪基(例如,3-嗒嗪基)、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、四唑基(例如,5-四唑基)、三唑基(例如,2-三唑基及5-三唑基)、2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、苯并苯硫基、吲哚基(例如,2-吲哚基)、吡唑基(例如,2-吡唑基)、異噻唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,2,5-噁二唑基、1,2,4-噁二唑基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,3-噻二
唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基、1,2,5-噻二唑基、嘌呤基、吡嗪基、1,3,5-三嗪基、喹啉基(例如,2-喹啉基、3-喹啉基、4-喹啉基)及異喹啉基(例如,1-異喹啉基、3-異喹啉基或4-異喹啉基)。
應瞭解,術語「雜芳基」包括在兩種不同形式之間以平衡狀態存在之某些類型雜芳基環。更特定地,舉例而言,諸如氫吡啶及吡啶酮(且同樣羥基嘧啶及嘧啶酮)等物質意欲涵蓋於「雜芳基」之定義內。
本文所用術語「保護性基團」及「保護基團」可互換使用,且係指用於暫時性封阻具有多個反應位點之化合物中之一或多個期望官能團的試劑。在某些實施例中,保護性基團具有一或多個、或較佳地所有下列特性:a)以良好產率選擇性添加至官能團以得到經保護受質,該經保護受質b)對於在一或多個其他反應位點處發生之反應比較穩定;及c)可藉由並不攻擊重新生成之去保護之官能團之試劑以良好產率選擇性去除。如熟習此項技術者所瞭解,在一些情形下,該等試劑並不攻擊化合物中之其他反應性基團。在其他情形下,該等試劑亦可與化合物中之其他反應性基團發生反應。保護性基團之實例詳述於Greene,T.W.,Wuts,P.G,「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis」,第3版,John Wiley & Sons,New York:1999(及該書之其他版本)中,其全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。本文所用術語「氮保護性基團」係指用於暫時性封阻多官能化合物中之一或多個期望氮反應位點的試劑。較佳氮保護性基團亦擁有上文針對保護性基團所例示之特性,且某些實例性氮保護性基團亦詳述於第7章,Greene,T.W.,Wuts,P.G,「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis」,第3版,
John Wiley & Sons,New York:1999中,其全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。
在一些實施例中,烷基或脂族鏈之亞甲基單元視情況經另一原子或基團置換。該等原子或基團之實例包括(但不限於)氮、氧、硫、-C(O)-、-C(=N-CN)-、-C(=NR)-、-C(=NOR)-、-SO-及-SO2-。該等原子或基團可組合形成較大基團。該等較大基團之實例包括(但不限於)-OC(O)-、-C(O)CO-、-CO2-、-C(O)NR-、-C(=N-CN)、-NRCO-、-NRC(O)O-、-SO2NR-、-NRSO2-、-NRC(O)NR-、-OC(O)NR-及-NRSO2NR-,其中R係(例如)H或C1-6脂族。應瞭解,該等基團可經由單鍵、雙鍵或參鍵鍵合至脂族鏈之亞甲基單元。經由雙鍵鍵合至脂族鏈之可選置換法之實例(在此情形下氮原子)將為-CH2CH=N-CH3。在一些情形(尤其在末端上)下,可選置換法可經由參鍵鍵合至脂族基。此可選置換法之一實例將為CH2CH2CH2C≡N。應瞭解,在此情況下,末端氮未鍵合至另一原子。
亦應瞭解,術語「亞甲基單元」亦係指具支鏈或經取代之亞甲基單元。舉例而言,在異丙基部分[-CH(CH3)2]中,氮原子(例如NR)置換最先述及之「亞甲基單元」將產生二甲基胺[-N(CH3)2]。在諸如該等情形下,熟習此項技術者應瞭解,氮原子將沒有任何其他與其鍵合之原子,且在此情形下「NR」中之「R」將不存在。
除非另有說明,否則可選置換法係形成化學上穩定化合物。可選置換法可發生於鏈內及/或鏈之任一端;亦即在連接點處及/或亦在末端處。兩個可選置換法亦可出現在鏈內彼此毗鄰,只要產生化學上穩定之化合物即可。舉例而言,C3脂族可視情況經2個氮原子置換以形成-C-N≡N。可選置換法亦可完全置換鏈中所有碳原子。舉例而言,C3脂族可視情況經-NR-、-C(O)-及-NR-置換以形成-NRC(O)NR-(脲)。
除非另有說明,否則若置換法發生於末端處,則置換原子與末端處之氫原子結合。舉例而言,若-CH2CH2CH3之亞甲基單元視情況經-O-置換,則所得化合物可為-OCH2CH3、-CH2OCH3或-CH2CH2OH。應瞭解,若末端原子不含任一游離價電子,則在末端處無需氫原子(例如,-CH2CH2CH=O或-CH2CH2C≡N)。
除非另有說明,否則本文所繪示之結構亦意欲包括該結構之所有異構體(例如,對映異構體、非對映異構體、幾何異構體、構象異構體及旋轉異構體)形式。舉例而言,各不對稱中心之R及S組態、(Z)及(E)雙鍵異構體、及(Z)及(E)構象異構體皆包括於本發明中。熟習此項技術者應瞭解,取代基可在任一可旋轉鍵周圍自由旋轉。舉例而
言,繪製為之取代基亦代表。
因此,本發明化合物之單一立體化學異構體以及對映異構體、非對映異構體、幾何異構體、構象異構體及旋轉異構體混合物均屬於本發明範圍內。
除非另有說明,否則本發明化合物之所有互變異構體形式皆屬於本發明範圍內。
此外,除非另有說明,否則本文所繪示之結構亦意欲包括其差異僅在一或多個富集同位素之原子之化合物。舉例而言,具有本發明結構,但其中氫被氘或氚置換,或碳被富集13C-或14C之碳置換之化合物均仍屬於本發明範圍內。該等化合物適用作(例如)生物分析中之分析工具或探測物。
本發明化合物可呈游離形式,或若適宜,呈醫藥上可接受之鹽形式用於治療。
「醫藥上可接受之鹽」意指在投與受試者後能夠直接或間接提
供本發明化合物或其抑制性活性代謝物或殘質的本發明化合物之任一無毒性鹽。本文所用術語「其抑制性活性代謝物或殘質」意指其代謝物或殘質亦係ATR蛋白激酶抑制劑。
醫藥上可接受之鹽為業內所熟知。舉例而言,S.M.Berge等人在J.Pharmaceutical Sciences,1977,66:1-19中詳細闡述醫藥上可接受之鹽,該文章以引用方式併入本文中。本發明化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽包括彼等衍生自適宜無機及有機酸及鹼者。該等鹽可在化合物之最終分離及純化期間原位製得。酸加成鹽可藉由以下方式製得:1)使游離鹼形式之純化化合物與適宜有機或無機酸進行反應,及2)分離由此形成之鹽。
醫藥上可接受之無毒酸加成鹽之實例係用無機酸(例如鹽酸、氫溴酸、磷酸、硫酸及高氯酸)或用有機酸(例如乙酸、草酸、馬來酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、琥珀酸或丙二酸)或藉由使用業內所用之其他方法(例如離子交換)形成之胺基鹽。其他醫藥上可接受之鹽包含己二酸鹽、藻酸鹽、抗壞血酸鹽、天冬胺酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、硼酸酯、丁酸鹽、樟腦酸鹽、樟腦磺酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、環戊烷丙酸鹽、二葡萄糖酸鹽、十二烷基硫酸鹽、乙烷磺酸鹽、甲酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、葡庚糖酸鹽、甘油磷酸鹽、羥乙酸鹽、葡萄糖酸鹽、羥乙酸鹽、半硫酸鹽、庚酸鹽、已酸鹽、鹽酸鹽、氫溴酸鹽、氫碘酸鹽、2-羥基-乙烷磺酸鹽、乳糖酸鹽、乳酸鹽、月桂酸鹽、月桂基硫酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、2-萘磺酸鹽、煙酸鹽、硝酸鹽、油酸鹽、草酸鹽、棕櫚酸鹽、雙羥萘酸鹽、果膠酸鹽、過硫酸鹽、3-苯基丙酸鹽、磷酸鹽、苦味酸鹽、新戊酸鹽、丙酸鹽、水楊酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、硫酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、硫氰酸鹽、對-甲苯磺酸鹽、十一烷酸鹽、戊酸鹽及諸如此類。
鹼加成鹽可藉由以下方式製得:1)使呈酸形式之純化化合物與
適宜有機或無機鹼進行反應,及2)分離由此形成之鹽。自適宜鹼衍生之鹽包括鹼金屬(例如鈉、鋰及鉀)、鹼土金屬(例如鎂及鈣)、銨及N+(C1-4烷基)4鹽。本發明亦期望本文所揭示化合物之任何鹼性含氮基團的四級銨化作用。藉由該四級銨化作用,可獲得水或油可溶性或可分散性產物。
若適宜,其他醫藥上可接受之鹽包括無毒銨、四級銨及胺陽離子,其係使用諸如鹵離子、氫氧根、羧酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根、硝酸根、低碳烷基磺酸根及芳基磺酸根等抗衡離子來形成。其他酸及鹼儘管自身並非醫藥上可接受,但亦可用於製備在獲得本發明化合物及其醫藥上可接受之酸或鹼加成鹽時用作中間體之鹽。
使用下列縮寫:
DMSO 二甲基亞碸
ATP 三磷腺苷
1HNMR 質子核磁共振
HPLC 高效液相層析
LCMS 液相層析-質譜
TLC 薄層層析
Rt 滯留時間
本發明之一態樣提供化合物,該等化合物係ATR激酶抑制劑且因此可用於治療疾病、病狀或病症(其中ATR與該疾病、病狀或病症有關)或減輕其嚴重程度。
本發明之另一態樣提供可用於治療以過度或異常細胞增殖為特徵之疾病、病症及病狀之化合物。該等疾病包括增殖性或過度增殖性疾病。增殖性及過度增殖性疾病之實例包括(但不限於)癌症及骨髓增
殖性病症。
在一些實施例中,該等化合物係選自由式I化合物組成之群。術語「癌症」包括(但不限於)以下類型癌症:口腔癌、肺癌、胃腸道癌、泌尿生殖道癌、肝癌、骨癌、神經系統癌、婦科癌、皮膚癌、甲狀腺癌或腎上腺癌。更特定而言,「癌症」包括(但不限於)以下癌症:口腔癌症:頰腔癌、唇癌、舌癌、口癌、咽癌;賁門(Cardiac)癌症:肉瘤(血管肉瘤、纖維肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、脂肉瘤)、黏液瘤、橫紋肌瘤、纖維瘤、脂瘤及畸胎瘤;肺部癌症:枝氣管癌(鱗狀細胞癌或表皮樣癌、未分化小細胞癌、未分化大細胞癌、腺癌)、肺泡(小枝氣管)癌、支氣管腺瘤、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、軟骨錯構瘤、間皮瘤;胃腸道癌症:食道癌症(鱗狀細胞癌、喉癌、腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、淋巴瘤)、胃癌症(癌、淋巴瘤、平滑肌肉瘤)、胰臟癌症(導管腺癌、胰島瘤、升糖素瘤、胃泌素瘤、類癌腫瘤、血管活性腸肽瘤)、小腸癌症(腺癌、淋巴瘤、類癌腫瘤、卡波西氏肉瘤(Karposi’s sarcoma)、平滑肌瘤、血管瘤、脂瘤、神經纖維瘤、纖維瘤)、大腸癌症(腺癌、管狀腺瘤、絨毛狀腺瘤、錯構瘤、平滑肌瘤)、結腸癌、結腸-直腸癌結直腸癌、直腸癌;泌尿生殖道癌症:腎癌症(腺癌、威爾姆斯瘤(Wilm’s tumor)[腎胚細胞瘤]、淋巴瘤、白血病)、膀胱及尿道癌症(鱗狀細胞癌、移行細胞癌、腺癌)、前列腺癌症(腺癌、肉瘤)、睪丸癌症(精細胞瘤、畸胎瘤、胚胎性癌、畸胎癌、絨毛膜癌、肉瘤、間質細胞癌、纖維瘤、纖維腺瘤、腺瘤樣腫瘤、脂瘤);肝癌症:肝癌(肝細胞癌)、膽管癌、肝胚細胞瘤、血管肉瘤、肝細胞腺瘤、血管瘤、膽道癌;骨癌症:骨原性肉瘤(骨肉瘤)、纖維肉瘤、惡性纖維組織細胞瘤、軟骨肉瘤、尤因氏肉瘤(Ewing’s sarcoma)、惡性淋巴瘤(網狀細胞肉瘤)、多發性骨髓瘤、惡性巨細胞瘤、索脊瘤、骨軟骨瘤(osteochronfroma)(骨軟骨性外生骨疣)、良性軟骨瘤、軟骨胚細胞瘤、軟骨黏液樣纖維
瘤、骨樣骨瘤及巨細胞瘤;神經系統癌症:顱骨癌症(骨瘤、血管瘤、肉芽腫、黃瘤、畸形性骨炎)、腦膜癌症(腦脊髓膜瘤、髓膜肉瘤、神經膠瘤病)、腦癌症(星形細胞瘤、神經管胚細胞瘤、神經膠質瘤、室管膜瘤、胚細胞瘤[松果體瘤]、多形性神經膠質母細胞瘤、寡樹突神經膠細胞瘤、神經鞘瘤、視網膜胚細胞瘤、先天性腫瘤)、脊髓神經纖維瘤、腦脊髓膜瘤、神經膠質瘤、肉瘤);婦科癌症:子宮癌症(子宮內膜癌)、子宮頸癌症(子宮頸癌、瘤前子宮頸發育不良)、卵巢癌症(卵巢癌[漿液性囊腺癌、黏液性囊腺癌、未分類癌]、粒層-卵囊泡膜細胞瘤、塞特利-萊迪希細胞瘤(Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor)、惡性胚細胞瘤、惡性畸胎瘤)、陰唇癌症(鱗狀細胞癌、上皮內癌、腺癌、纖維肉瘤、黑色素瘤)、陰道癌症(透明細胞癌、鱗狀細胞癌、葡萄形肉瘤(胚胎性橫紋肌肉瘤)、輸卵管(癌)、乳癌;血液學癌症:血液(髓樣白血病[急性及慢性]、急性淋巴細胞性白血病、慢性淋巴球性白血病、骨髓增殖性疾病、多發性骨髓瘤、骨髓發育不良症候群)、霍奇金氏病(Hodgkin’s disease)、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤[惡性淋巴瘤]髮樣細胞;淋巴病症;皮膚癌症:惡性黑色素瘤、基底細胞癌、鱗狀細胞癌、卡波西氏肉瘤、角質棘皮瘤、結構不良痣(mole dysplastic nevi)、脂瘤、血管瘤、皮膚纖維瘤、瘢瘤、牛皮癬;甲狀腺癌症:乳突性甲狀腺癌、濾泡性甲狀腺癌、未分化甲狀腺癌、髓質性甲狀腺癌、2A型多發性內分泌瘤、2B型多發性內分泌瘤、家族性髓質性甲狀腺癌、嗜鉻細胞瘤、副神經節瘤;及腎上腺癌症:神經胚細胞瘤。
在一些實施例中,癌症係選自肺癌或胰臟癌。在其他實施例中,癌症係選自肺癌、頭頸癌、胰臟癌、胃癌或腦癌。在又一些其他實施例中,癌症係選自非小細胞肺癌、小細胞肺癌、胰臟癌、膽道癌、頭頸癌、膀胱癌、結直腸癌、神經膠質母細胞瘤、食道癌、乳癌、肝細胞癌或卵巢癌。
因此,本文所提供之術語「癌細胞」包括受上文所識別病狀中之任一者影響之細胞。在一些實施例中,癌症係選自結直腸癌、甲狀腺癌或乳癌。
術語「骨髓增殖性病症」包括諸如以下病症:真性紅血球增多症、血小板增多症、伴有骨髓纖維化之髓樣化生、嗜伊紅性白血球增多症候群、青少年骨髓單核球白血病、全身性肥大細胞病及造血系統病,具體而言急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)、急性前髓細胞性白血病(APL)及急性淋巴球性白血病(ALL)。
除本發明化合物外,本發明化合物之醫藥上可接受之衍生物或前藥亦可用於組合物中來治療或預防本文所識別之病症。
本發明化合物亦可作為醫藥上可接受之衍生物存在。
「醫藥上可接受之衍生物」係在投與有需要的患者時能夠直接或間接提供本文原本所述化合物或其代謝物或殘質的加合物或衍生物。醫藥上可接受之衍生物之實例包括(但不限於)酯及該等酯之鹽。
「醫藥上可接受之衍生物或前藥」意指本發明化合物之任一醫藥上可接受之酯、酯鹽或其其他衍生物或鹽,其在投與接受者後能夠直接或間接提供本發明化合物或其活性受到抑制之代謝物或殘質。尤其有利之衍生物或前藥係彼等如下衍生物或前藥:其在將該等化合物投與患者時會增加本發明化合物之生物可用性(例如,藉由使經口投與之化合物更易於吸收至血液中),或相對於母體物質會增加母體化合物至生物腔室(例如,腦或淋巴系統)之遞送。
本發明化合物之醫藥上可接受之前藥包括(不限於)酯、胺基酸酯、磷酸酯、金屬鹽及磺酸酯。
本發明亦提供用作ATR激酶抑制劑之化合物及組合物。
本發明之一態樣提供醫藥上可接受之組合物,其包含任一如本文所述之化合物且視情況包含醫藥上可接受之載劑、佐劑或媒劑。
如本文所使用,醫藥上可接受之載劑、佐劑或媒劑包括適用於所需特定劑型之任一種及所有溶劑、稀釋劑、或其他液體媒劑、分散或懸浮助劑、表面活性劑、等滲劑、增稠劑或乳化劑、防腐劑、固體黏合劑、潤滑劑及諸如此類。Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第16版,E.W.Martin(Mack Publishing公司,Easton,Pa.,1980)揭示用於調配醫藥上可接受之組合物之各種載劑及製備其之已知技術。任一習用載劑介質之使用皆涵蓋於本發明之範疇內,但若該習用載劑介質與本發明化合物不相容則屬例外,例如產生任何不合意之生物效應或另外以有害方式與醫藥上可接受之組合物中的任何其他組份相互作用。
一些用作醫藥上可接受之載劑之材料之實例包括(但不限於)離子交換劑、氧化鋁、硬脂酸鋁、卵磷脂、血清蛋白(例如人類血清白蛋白)、緩衝物質(例如磷酸鹽、甘胺酸、山梨酸或山梨酸鉀)、飽和植物脂肪酸之部分甘油酯混合物、水、鹽或電解質(例如硫酸魚精蛋白、磷酸氫二鈉、磷酸氫鉀、氯化鈉、鋅鹽、膠態二氧化矽、三矽酸鎂)、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、聚丙烯酸酯、蠟、聚乙烯-聚氧丙烯-嵌段聚合物、羊毛脂、糖(例如乳糖、葡萄糖及蔗糖);澱粉,例如玉米澱粉及馬鈴薯澱粉;纖維素及其衍生物,例如羧甲基纖維素鈉、乙基纖維素及乙酸纖維素;粉末狀磺蓍膠;麥芽;明膠;滑石粉;賦形劑,例如可可脂及栓劑蠟;油,例如花生油、棉籽油;紅花油;芝麻油;橄欖油;玉米油及大豆油;二醇;例如丙二醇或聚乙二醇;酯,例如油酸乙酯及月桂酸乙酯;瓊脂;緩衝劑,例如氫氧化鎂及氫氧化鋁;海藻酸;無致熱源之水;等滲鹽水;林格氏溶液(Ringer’s solution);乙醇及磷酸鹽緩衝溶液、以及其他無毒相容潤滑劑(例如月桂基硫酸鈉
及硬脂酸鎂),且根據配方設計師之判斷,該組合物中亦可存在著色劑、釋放劑、塗覆劑、甜味劑、矯味劑及芳香劑、防腐劑及抗氧化劑。
本發明之另一態樣係關於為有需要的個體治療癌症之方法,其包括投與本發明化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及另外治療劑。在一些實施例中,該方法包括依序或共同投與該化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及另外治療劑。
在一些實施例中,該另外治療劑係抗癌劑。在其他實施例中,該另外治療劑係DNA破壞劑。應瞭解,另外治療劑可能包括一或多種療法。在另一些其他實施例中,該另外治療劑係選自放射線療法、化學療法或通常與放射線療法或化學療法組合使用之其他試劑,例如輻射敏化劑及化學敏化劑。在又一些其他實施例中,該另外治療劑係電離輻射。在一些實施例中,該另外治療劑包含電離輻射及DNA破壞劑。
如熟習此項技術者已知,輻射敏化劑係可與放射線療法組合使用之試劑。輻射敏化劑以各種不同方式作用,包括(但不限於)使癌細胞對放射線療法更敏感、與放射線療法協同作用以提供改良之協同效應、與放射線療法加成性作用、或保護周圍健康細胞免於被放射線療法損傷。同樣地,化學敏化劑係可與化學療法組合使用之試劑。同樣,化學敏化劑亦以各種不同方式作用,包括(但不限於)使癌細胞對化學療法更敏感、與化學療法協同作用以提供改良之協同效應、與化學療法加成性作用、或保護周圍健康細胞免於被化學療法損傷。
可與本發明化合物組合使用之DNA破壞劑之實例包括(但不限於)鉑化試劑,例如卡鉑(Carboplatin)、奈達鉑(Nedaplatin)、沙鉑(Satraplatin)及其他衍生物;Topo I抑制劑,例如托泊替康
(Topotecan)、伊立替康(irinotecan)/SN38、盧比替康(rubitecan)及其他衍生物;Topo II抑制劑,例如依託泊苷(Etoposide)(VP-16)、柔紅黴素(Daunorubicin)、多柔比星(Doxorubicin)、米托蒽醌(Mitoxantrone)、阿柔比星(Aclarubicin)、表柔比星(Epirubicin)、伊達比星(Idarubicin)、胺柔比星(Amrubicin)、安吖啶(Amsacrine)、吡柔比星(Pirarubicin)、戊柔比星(Valrubicin)、佐柔比星(Zorubicin)、替尼泊苷(Teniposide)及其他衍生物;抗代謝藥,例如葉酸家族(胺甲蝶呤(Methotrexate)、培美曲塞(Pemetrexed)及相關物);嘌呤拮抗劑及嘧啶拮抗劑(硫鳥嘌呤(Thioguanine)、氟達拉濱(Fludarabine)、克拉屈濱(Cladribine)、阿糖胞苷(Cytarabine)、吉西他濱(Gemcitabine)、6-巰基嘌呤、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fluorouracil)(5FU)及相關物);烷基化試劑,例如氮芥(環磷醯胺(Cyclophosphamide)、美法侖(Melphalan)、氯芥苯丁酸(Chlorambucil)、二氯甲基二乙胺(mechlorethamine)、異環磷醯胺(Ifosfamide)及相關物);亞硝基脲(例如卡莫司汀(Carmustine));三氮烯(達卡巴嗪(Dacarbazine)、替莫唑胺(temozolomide));磺酸烷基酯(例如白消安(Busulfan));丙卡巴肼(Procarbazine)及氮丙啶;抗生素,例如羥基脲、蒽環類(多柔比星、柔紅黴素、表柔比星及其他衍生物);蒽二酮類(米托蒽醌及相關物);鏈黴菌屬(Streptomyces)家族(博來黴素(Bleomycin)、絲裂黴素C(Mitomycin C)、放線菌素(actinomycin));及紫外光。
可與本發明藥劑組合使用之其他療法或抗癌劑包括外科手術、放射療法(在少數實例中,舉例而言,γ-輻射、中子束放射線療法、電子束放射線療法、質子療法、近程療法及全身性放射性同位素)、內分泌療法、生物反應調節劑(舉例而言,干擾素、介白素及腫瘤壞死因子(TNF))、發熱及冷療法、減少任何不利作用之藥劑(例如,止吐藥)及其他經批准之化學治療藥物,包括(但不限於)本文所列示之
DNA破壞劑、紡錘體抑制劑(長春鹼(Vinblastine)、長春新鹼(Vincristine)、長春瑞濱(Vinorelbine)、紫杉醇(Paclitaxel))、鬼臼毒素(依託泊苷、伊立替康、托泊替康)、亞硝基脲(卡莫司汀、洛莫司汀(Lomustine))、無機離子(順鉑、卡鉑)、酶(天冬醯胺酶)及激素(他莫昔芬(Tamoxifen)、亮丙瑞林(Leuprolide)、氟他胺(Flutamide)及甲地孕酮(Megestrol))、GleevecTM、阿德力黴素(adriamycin)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)及環磷醯胺。
本發明化合物亦可與以下治療劑中之任一者組合用於治療癌症:阿巴瑞克(abarelix)(Plenaxis depot®);阿地白介素(aldesleukin)(Prokine®);阿地白介素(Proleukin®);阿侖珠單抗(Alemtuzumab)(Campath®);阿利維甲酸(alitretinoin)(Panretin®);別嘌呤醇(allopurinol)(Zyloprim®);六甲蜜胺(altretamine)(Hexalen®);胺磷汀(amifostine)(Ethyol®);阿那曲唑(anastrozole)(Arimidex®);三氧化二砷(Trisenox®);天冬醯胺酶(Elspar®);阿紮胞苷(azacitidine)(Vidaza®);貝伐單抗(bevacizumab)(Avastin®);貝沙羅汀(bexarotene)膠囊(Targretin®);貝沙羅汀凝膠(Targretin®);博萊黴素(Blenoxane®);硼替佐米(bortezomib)(Velcade®);靜脈內使用之白消安(Busulfex®);口服白消安(Myleran®);卡普睪酮(calusterone)(Methosarb®);卡培他濱(capecitabine)(Xeloda®);卡鉑(Paraplatin®);卡莫司汀(BCNU®、BiCNU®);卡莫司汀(Gliadel®);卡莫司汀與聚苯丙生20(Polifeprosan 20)植入物(Gliadel Wafer®);希樂葆(celecoxib)(Celebrex®);西妥昔單抗(cetuximab)(Erbitux®);氯芥苯丁酸(Leukeran®);順鉑(Platinol®);克拉屈濱(Leustatin®、2-CdA®);氯法拉濱(clofarabine)(Clolar®);環磷醯胺(Cytoxan®、Neosar®);環磷醯胺(Cytoxan Injection®);環磷醯胺(Cytoxan Tablet®);阿糖胞苷(Cytosar-U®);阿糖胞苷脂質體(DepoCyt®);達
卡巴嗪(DTIC-Dome®);更生黴素(dactinomycin)、放線菌素D(Cosmegen®);α達貝泊汀(Darbepoetin alfa)(Aranesp®);柔紅黴素脂質體(DanuoXome®);柔紅黴素/道諾黴素(daunomycin)(Daunorubicin®);柔紅黴素/道諾黴素(Cerubidine®);地尼白介素(Denileukin diftitox)(Ontak®);右雷佐生(dexrazoxane)(Zinecard®);多西他賽(docetaxel)(Taxotere®);多柔比星(Adriamycin PFS®);多柔比星(Adriamycin®、Rubex®);多柔比星(Adriamycin PFS Injection®);多柔比星脂質體(Doxil®);丙酸屈他雄酮(dromostanolone propionate)(dromostanolone®);丙酸屈他雄酮(masterone injection®);埃利奧溶液(Elliott’s B Solution)(Elliott's B Solution®);表柔比星(Ellence®);α依泊汀(Epoetin alfa)(epogen®);埃羅替尼(erlotinib)(Tarceva®);雌莫司汀(estramustine)(Emcyt®);磷酸依託泊苷(Etopophos®);依託泊苷/VP-16(Vepesid®);依西美坦(exemestane)(Aromasin®);非格司亭(Filgrastim)(Neupogen®);氟尿苷(floxuridine)(動脈內)(FUDR®);氟達拉濱(Fludara®);氟尿嘧啶/5-FU(Adrucil®);氟維司群(fulvestrant)(Faslodex®);吉非替尼(gefitinib)(Iressa®);吉西他濱(Gemzar®);吉妥珠單抗奧佐米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)(Mylotarg®);乙酸戈舍瑞林(goserelin acetate)(Zoladex Implant®);乙酸戈舍瑞林(Zoladex®);乙酸組胺瑞林(histrelin acetate)(Histrelin implant®);羥基脲(Hydrea®);替伊莫單抗(Ibritumomab Tiuxetan)(Zevalin®);伊達比星(Idamycin®);異環磷醯胺(IFEX®);甲磺酸伊馬替尼(imatinib mesylate)(Gleevec®);干擾素α2a(Roferon A®);干擾素α-2b(Intron A®);伊立替康(Camptosar®);來那度胺(lenalidomide)(Revlimid®);來曲唑(letrozole)(Femara®);甲醯四氫葉酸(leucovorin)(Wellcovorin®,Leucovorin®);乙酸亮丙瑞林(Leuprolide Acetate)(Eligard®);左旋咪
唑(levamisole)(Ergamisol®);洛莫司汀/CCNU(CeeBU®);二氯甲基二乙胺/氮芥(Mustargen®);乙酸甲地孕酮(Megace®);美法侖/L-PAM(Alkeran®);巰基嘌呤/6-MP(Purinethol®);美司鈉(mesna)(Mesnex®);美司鈉(Mesnex tabs®);胺甲蝶呤(Methotrexate®);甲氧沙林(methoxsalen)(Uvadex®);絲裂黴素C(Mutamycin®);米托坦(mitotane)(Lysodren®);米托蒽醌(Novantrone®);苯丙酸諾龍(nandrolone phenpropionate)(Durabolin-50®);奈拉濱(nelarabine)(Arranon®);諾非單抗(Nofetumomab)(Verluma®);奧普瑞白介素(Oprelvekin)(Neumega®);奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)(Eloxatin®);紫杉醇(Paxene®);紫杉醇(Taxol®);紫杉醇蛋白結合粒劑(Abraxane®);帕利夫明(palifermin)(Kepivance®);雷狄亞(pamidronate)(Aredia®);培加酶(pegademase)(Adagen(Pegademase Bovine)®);培門冬酶(pegaspargase)(Oncaspar®);培非司亭(Pegfilgrastim)(Neulasta®);培美曲塞二鈉(Alimta®);噴司他丁(pentostatin)(Nipent®);哌泊溴烷(pipobroman)(Vercyte®);普利黴素(plicamycin)、光輝黴素(mithramycin)(Mithracin®);卟吩姆鈉(porfimer sodium)(Photofrin®);丙卡巴肼(Matulane®);奎納克林(quinacrine)(Atabrine®);拉布立酶(Rasburicase)(Elitek®);利妥昔單抗(Rituximab)(Rituxan®);沙格司亭(sargramostim)(Leukine®);沙格司亭(Prokine®);索拉非尼(sorafenib)(Nexavar®);鏈脲菌素(streptozocin)(Zanosar®);馬來酸舒尼替尼(sunitinib maleate)(Sutent®);滑石粉(Sclerosol®);他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)(Nolvadex®);替莫唑胺(Temodar®);替尼泊苷/VM-26(Vumon®);睪內酯(testolactone)(Teslac®);硫鳥嘌呤/6-TG(Thioguanine®);塞替派(thiotepa)(Thioplex®);托泊替康(Hycamtin®);托瑞米芬(toremifene)(Fareston®);托西莫單抗(Tositumomab)(Bexxar®);托西莫單抗/I-
131托西莫單抗(Bexxar®);曲妥珠單抗(Trastuzumab)(Herceptin®);維甲酸(tretinoin)/ATRA(Vesanoid®);尿嘧啶氮芥(Uracil Mustard Capsules®);戊柔比星(Valstar®);長春鹼(Velban®);長春新鹼(Oncovin®);長春瑞濱(Navelbine®);唑來膦酸(zoledronate)(Zometa®)及伏立諾他(vorinostat)(Zolinza®)。
關於更新之癌症療法之深入論述,可參見http://www.nci.nih.gov/,一系列FDA批准之腫瘤學藥物可參見http://www.fda.gov/cder/cancer/druglistframe.htm及The Merck Manual,第17版,1999,其全部內容皆以引用方式併入本文中。
ATR激酶抑制劑或其醫藥鹽可調配成用於投與動物或人類之醫藥組合物。該等醫藥組合物(包括有效治療或預防本文所述疾病或病狀之一定量ATR抑制劑及醫藥上可接受之載劑)係本發明之另一實施例。
治療所需化合物之精確量在個體與個體之間有所不同,此視個體之種族、年齡及一般狀況、感染之嚴重程度、特定藥劑、其投與模式及諸如此類而定。本發明化合物較佳以劑量單元形式調配以便於投與及劑量一致。本文所用表述「劑量單元形式」係指適用於擬治療患者之試劑之物理離散單位。然而,應瞭解,本發明化合物及組合物之總日用量應由主治醫師在可靠醫學判斷範圍內決定。用於任一特定患者或有機體之具體有效劑量將取決於多種因素,包括所治療病症及病症之嚴重程度;所用具體化合物之活性;所用具體組合物;患者之年齡、體重、一般健康狀況、性別及飲食;所用具體化合物之投與時間、投與途徑及排泄速率;治療持續時間;與所有具體化合物組合或同時使用之藥物及諸如醫療界熟知之因素。本文所用術語「患者」意指動物,較佳係哺乳動物,且最佳係人類。
在一些實施例中,此等組合物視情況進一步包含一或多種另外治療劑。舉例而言,化學治療劑或其他抗增殖性藥劑可與本發明化合物組合以治療增殖性疾病及癌症。可與該等組合物組合之已知藥劑之實例列示於上文「組合療法」部分下以及整個說明書中。一些實施例提供同時、分開或依序使用之組合製劑。
根據所治療感染之嚴重程度,本發明之醫藥上可接受之組合物可以下列方式投與人類及其他動物:經口、經直腸、非經腸、腦池內、陰道內、腹膜腔內、局部(以粉劑、軟膏或滴劑形式)、經口腔(以經口或鼻噴霧形式)或諸如此類。在某些實施例中,本發明化合物可以約0.01mg/kg至約50mg/kg且較佳約1mg/kg至約25mg/kg個體體重/天之劑量每天一或多次經口或非經腸投與以獲得期望療效。
用於經口投與之液體劑型包括(但不限於)醫藥上可接受之乳液、微乳液、溶液、懸浮液、糖漿及酏劑。除活性化合物以外,液體劑型亦可含有業內常用惰性稀釋劑(例如,水或其他溶劑)、增溶劑及乳化劑,例如,乙醇、異丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲醯胺、油(尤其棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、胚芽油、橄欖油、蓖麻油及芝麻油)、甘油、四氫糠醇、聚乙二醇及山梨糖醇酐之脂肪酸酯及其混合物。除惰性稀釋劑以外,口服組合物亦可包括佐劑,例如潤濕劑、乳化及懸浮劑、甜味劑、矯味劑及芳香劑。
可根據已知技術使用適宜分散劑或潤濕劑及懸浮劑來調配可注射製劑,例如,無菌可注射水性或油性懸浮液。無菌可注射製劑亦可為存於無毒非腸道可接受之稀釋劑或溶劑中的無菌可注射溶液、懸浮液或乳液,例如呈存於1,3-丁二醇中之溶液形式。可使用之可接受媒劑及溶劑尤其為水、林格氏溶液、U.S.P.及等滲氯化鈉溶液。另外,
通常使用無菌不揮發性油作為溶劑或懸浮介質。出於此目的,可使用包括合成甘油單酸酯或甘油二酸酯之任一溫和不揮發性油。另外,在可注射製劑中可使用諸如油酸等脂肪酸。
可注射調配物可(例如)藉由經由細菌截留過濾器過濾或藉由納入殺菌劑來進行滅菌,該等殺菌劑呈可在使用前溶解或分散於無菌水或其他無菌可注射介質中之無菌固體組合物形式。
為延長本發明化合物之效果,通常合意地減緩自皮下或肌內注射之該化合物之吸收。此可藉由使用具有較差水溶性之結晶或非晶形材料之液體懸浮液達成。因此,化合物之吸收速率取決於其溶解速率,此溶解速率進而可取決於晶體尺寸及結晶形式。或者,可藉由將化合物溶解或懸浮於油媒劑中來達成非經腸投與化合物形式之延遲吸收。藉由形成化合物在生物可降解聚合物(例如聚乳交酯-聚乙交酯)中之微囊基質來製備可注射之儲積形式。由化合物與聚合物之比例及所用特定聚合物之性質可控制化合物之釋放速率。其他生物可降解聚合物之實例包括聚(原酸酯)及聚(酐)。儲積注射用調配物亦藉由將化合物包羅入與身體組織相容之脂質體或微乳液中製備。
用於直腸或陰道投與之組合物較佳為栓劑,其可由本發明化合物與適宜無刺激性賦形劑或載劑(例如可可脂、聚乙二醇或栓劑蠟)混合製備,該等賦形劑或載劑在環境溫度下為固體但在體溫下為液體,且因此在直腸或陰道腔內融化並釋放活性化合物。
經口投與之固體劑型包括膠囊、錠劑、丸劑、粉劑及粒劑。在該等固體劑型中,活性化合物係混合至少一種醫藥上可接受之惰性賦形劑或載劑(諸如檸檬酸鈉或磷酸二鈣)及/或:a)填充劑或增量劑,例如澱粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇及矽酸,b)黏合劑,例如羧甲基酸纖維素、藻酸鹽、明膠、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、蔗糖及阿拉伯膠,c)保濕劑,例如甘油,d)崩解劑,例如瓊脂、碳酸鈣、馬鈴薯
或木薯澱粉、海藻酸、某些矽酸鹽及碳酸鈉,e)阻溶劑(solution retarding agents),例如石蠟,f)吸收促進劑,例如四級銨化合物,g)潤濕劑,例如鯨蠟醇及甘油單硬脂酸酯,h)吸收劑,例如高嶺土及膨潤土,及i)潤滑劑,例如滑石粉、硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂、固體聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸鈉及其混合物。在膠囊、錠劑及丸劑之情形下,劑型亦可包含緩衝劑。
在使用諸如乳糖(lactose或milk sugar)以及高分子量聚乙二醇及諸如此類等賦形劑之軟質及硬質填充明膠膠囊中,亦可使用類似類型之固體組合物作為填充劑。固體劑型之錠劑、糖衣藥丸、膠囊、丸劑及粒劑可使用包衣及殼製備,例如腸溶包衣及醫藥調配技術中熟知之其他包衣。其可視情況含有遮光劑並且可為視情況以延遲方式僅(或優先)在腸道之某一部分中釋放活性成份的組合物。可使用之包埋用組份之實例包括聚合物質及蠟。在使用諸如乳糖(lactose或milk sugar)以及高分子量聚乙二醇及諸如此類等賦形劑的軟質及硬質填充明膠膠囊中,亦可使用相似類型之固體組合物作為填充劑。
活性化合物亦可與一或多種上述賦形劑形成微囊化形式。可使用諸如腸溶包衣、控制釋放包衣及醫藥調配技術中熟知之其他包衣等包衣及殼來製備錠劑、糖衣藥丸、膠囊、丸劑及微粒之固體劑型。在該等固體劑型中,可將活性化合物與至少一種惰性稀釋劑(例如蔗糖、乳糖或澱粉)混合。該等劑型除惰性稀釋劑以外亦可如同通常實踐一般包含另外物質,例如壓錠潤滑劑及其他壓錠助劑(例如硬脂酸鎂及微晶纖維素)。在膠囊、錠劑及丸劑之情形下,該等劑型亦可包含緩衝劑。其可視情況含有遮光劑並且可為視情況以延遲方式僅(或優先)在腸道之某一部分中釋放活性成份的組合物。可使用之包埋用組份之實例包括聚合物質及蠟。
用於局部或經皮投與本發明化合物之劑型包括軟膏、膏糊、乳
膏、洗劑、凝膠、粉劑、溶液、噴霧劑、吸入劑或貼片。若需要,可在無菌條件下將活性組份與醫藥上可接受之載劑及任何所需防腐劑或緩衝劑混合。眼用調配物、滴耳劑及滴眼劑亦涵蓋於本發明範圍內。此外,本發明涵蓋使用透皮貼片,其具有向身體提供化合物之受控遞送的另外優點。可藉由將化合物溶解或分配於合適介質中來製備該等劑型。亦可使用吸收增強劑來增加化合物穿過皮膚之通量。可藉由提供速率控制膜或藉由將化合物分配於聚合物基質或凝膠中來控制速率。
本發明組合物可經口、非經腸、藉由吸入噴霧、經局部、經直腸、經鼻、經口腔、經陰道或經由植入型藥盒投與。本文所用術語「非經腸」包括(但不限於)皮下、靜脈內、肌內、關節內、滑膜內、胸骨內、鞘內、肝內、病灶內及顱內注射或輸注技術。較佳地,經口、腹膜內或靜脈內投與該等組合物。
本發明組合物之無菌可注射形式可為水性或油性之懸浮液。該等懸浮液可根據業內已知技術使用適宜之分散或濕潤劑及懸浮劑進行調配。無菌可注射製劑亦可為存於無毒非經腸可接受之稀釋劑或溶劑中之無菌可注射溶液或懸浮液,例如,呈存於1,3-丁二醇中之溶液。可使用的可接受媒劑及溶劑包括水、林格氏溶液及等滲氯化鈉溶液。另外,通常使用無菌不揮發性油作為溶劑或懸浮介質。出於此目的,可使用任一溫和不揮發性油,包含合成之單-或二-甘油酯。脂肪酸(例如油酸及其甘油酯衍生物)可用於可注射物,例如天然之醫藥上可接受之油類,例如橄欖油或蓖麻油,其尤其呈其聚氧乙烯化形式。該等油溶液或懸浮液亦可含有長鏈醇稀釋劑或分散劑,例如羧甲基纖維素或類似分散劑,其通常用於調配包含乳液及懸浮液在內之醫藥上可接受之劑型。亦可將其他常用表面活性劑用於調配目的,例如Tween、Spans及其他通常用於製備醫藥上可接受之固體、液體、或其他劑型
的乳化劑或生物可用性增強劑。
本發明之醫藥組合物可以任何經口可接受劑型經口投與,該等劑型包括(但不限於)膠囊、錠劑、水性懸浮液或溶液。在供口服使用之錠劑之情形中,常用載劑包括(但不限於)乳糖及玉米澱粉。通常亦添加潤滑劑,例如硬脂酸鎂。對於以膠囊形式經口投與而言,有用稀釋劑包括乳糖及乾玉米澱粉。當需口服使用水性懸浮液時,可將活性成份與乳化劑及懸浮劑加以組合。若需要,亦可添加某些甜味劑、矯味劑或著色劑。
或者,本發明之醫藥組合物可以直腸投與之栓劑形式投與。可藉由將藥劑與適宜非刺激性賦形劑混合來製備該等組合物,該賦形劑在室溫下為固體但在直腸溫度下為液體,且因此可在直腸中融化而釋放藥物。該等材料包括(但不限於)可可脂、蜂蠟及聚乙二醇。
本發明之醫藥組合物亦可經局部投與,尤其當治療目標包含可藉由局部施加易於達到之區域或器官(包含眼睛、皮膚或較低腸道之疾病)時。可易於製備各該等區域或器官之適宜局部調配物。
可以直腸栓劑調配物(參見上文)或適宜灌腸調配物來實現較低腸道之局部施加。亦可使用局部經皮貼片。
對於局部施加,可將醫藥組合物調配於含有懸浮或溶解於一或多種載劑中之活性組份的適宜軟膏中。用於局部投與本發明化合物之載劑包括(但不限於):礦物油、液體石蠟、白軟石蠟、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚氧丙烯化合物、乳化蠟及水。或者,可將醫藥組合物調配於含有懸浮或溶解於一或多種醫藥上可接受載劑中之活性組份的適宜洗劑或乳膏中。適宜載劑包括(但不限於)礦物油、山梨糖醇酐單硬脂酸酯、聚山梨醇酯60、十六烷基酯蠟、鯨蠟硬脂醇、2-辛基十二烷醇、苯甲醇及水。
對於眼睛使用,可將醫藥組合物調配為存於等滲、pH經調節之
無菌鹽水中之微粒化懸浮液,或較佳調配為存於等滲、pH經調節之無菌鹽水中之溶液,其含有或不含防腐劑,例如氯苄烷銨。或者,對於眼睛使用,可將醫藥組合物調配於軟膏(例如礦脂)中。
亦可藉由經鼻氣溶膠或吸入劑來投與本發明之醫藥組合物。根據醫藥調配領域熟知之技術來製備該等組合物且可將其製備為鹽水溶液,其使用苯甲醇或其他適宜防腐劑、吸收促進劑(用於增強生物可用性)、碳氟化合物及/或其他習用增溶劑或分散劑。
可與載劑材料組合以製造單一劑型之蛋白激酶抑制劑之量應端視所治療主體、特定投與模式而變化。較佳地,應調配組合物以使得可投與接受該等組合物之患者劑量介於0.01mg/kg體重/天至100mg/kg體重/天之間之抑制劑。
亦應瞭解,用於任一特定患者之具體劑量及治療方案將取決於多種因素,包括所用具體化合物之活性、年齡、體重、一般健康狀況、性別、飲食、投與時間、排泄速率、藥物組合及治療醫師之判斷及所治療特定疾病之嚴重程度。抑制劑之量亦將取決於組合物中之特定化合物。
端視擬治療或預防之特定蛋白激酶介導之病狀而定,通常投與以治療或預防該病狀之另外藥物可與本發明化合物一起投與。
彼等另外藥劑可作為多重劑量方案之一部分與含有蛋白激酶抑制劑之化合物或組合物分開投與。或者,彼等藥劑可作為單一劑型之一部分與蛋白激酶抑制劑以單一組合物一起混合。
本發明之另一態樣係關於為有需要的個體治療癌症之方法,其包含依序或共同投與本發明化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及一或多種另外治療劑。另外治療劑之實例包括(但不限於)DNA破壞劑、抗癌劑及抑制或調節鹼基切除修復蛋白之藥劑。
本發明之另一態樣係關於為有需要的個體治療癌症之方法,其包含依序或共同投與本發明化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及抗癌劑。在一些實施例中,該抗癌劑係選自鉑化試劑,例如順鉑、奧沙利鉑、卡鉑、奈達鉑或沙鉑及其他衍生物;Topo I抑制劑,例如喜樹鹼(Camptothecin)、托泊替康、伊立替康/SN38、盧比替康及其他衍生物;Topo II抑制劑,例如依託泊苷(VP-16)、柔紅黴素、多柔比星、米托蒽醌、阿柔比星、表柔比星、伊達比星、胺柔比星、安吖啶、吡柔比星、戊柔比星、佐柔比星、替尼泊苷及其他衍生物;抗代謝藥,例如葉酸家族(胺甲蝶呤、培美曲塞及相關物);嘌呤家族(硫鳥嘌呤、氟達拉濱、克拉屈濱、6-巰基嘌呤及相關物);嘧啶家族(阿糖胞苷、吉西他濱、5-氟尿嘧啶及相關物);烷基化試劑,例如氮芥(環磷醯胺、美法侖、氯芥苯丁酸、二氯甲基二乙胺、異環磷醯胺及相關物);亞硝基脲(例如卡莫司汀);三氮烯(達卡巴嗪、替莫唑胺);磺酸烷基酯(例如白消安);丙卡巴肼及氮丙啶;抗生素,例如羥基脲;蒽環類(多柔比星、柔紅黴素、表柔比星及其他衍生物);蒽二酮類(米托蒽醌及相關物);鏈黴菌屬家族(博來黴素、絲裂黴素C、放線菌素)及紫外光。
另一實施例提供為有需要的個體治療癌症之方法,其包括投與本發明化合物與抑制或調節鹼基切除修復蛋白之另外治療劑。在一些實施例中,鹼基切除修復蛋白係選自UNG、SMUG1、MBD4、TDG、OGG1、MYH、NTH1、MPG、NEIL1、NEIL2、NEIL3(DNA轉葡糖基酶);APE1、APEX2(AP核酸內切酶);LIG1、LIG3(DNA連接酶I及III);XRCC1(LIG3附屬物);PNK、PNKP(多核苷酸激酶及磷酸酶);PARP1、PARP2(聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶);PolB、PolG(聚合酶);FEN1(核酸內切酶)或Aprataxin。在其他實施例中,鹼基切除修復蛋白係選自PARP1、PARP2或PolB。在又一些其他實施例中,鹼基切除
修復蛋白係選自PARP1或PARP2。
在一些實施例中,本發明化合物及抑制或調節鹼基切除修復蛋白之治療劑進一步與另外治療劑投與。在一些實施例中,另外治療劑係選自電離輻射或順鉑之DNA破壞劑。在一些實施例中,鹼基切除修復蛋白係PARP1或PARP2。在其他實施例中,抑制或調節PARP1或PARP2之藥劑係選自奧拉帕尼(Olaparib,亦稱為AZD2281或KU-0059436)、依尼帕尼(Iniparib,亦稱為BSI-201或SAR240550)、維利帕尼(Veliparib,亦稱為ABT-888)、瑞卡帕尼(亦稱為PF-01367338)、CEP-9722、INO-1001、MK-4827、E7016、BMN673或AZD2461。
另一實施例提供治療癌症之方法,其包括投與本發明化合物與選自電離輻射或順鉑之DNA破壞劑及抑制或調節PARP1或PARP2之藥劑。在一些實施例中,DNA破壞劑係順鉑。在其他實施例中,DNA破壞劑係電離輻射。在一些實施例中,該化合物係VE-821。在其他實施例中,該化合物係VE-822。
另一實施例提供治療癌症之方法,其包括投與式I化合物;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽(其中該等變量係如本文所定義)與抑制或調節PARP1或PARP2之藥劑。
在一些實施例中,該方法進一步包括投與患者DNA破壞劑。在一些實施例中,DNA破壞劑係順鉑。在其他實施例中,DNA破壞劑係電離輻射。
在一些實施例中,抑制或調節PARP1或PARP2之藥劑係選自奧拉
帕尼(亦稱為AZD2281或KU-0059436)、依尼帕尼(亦稱為BSI-201或SAR240550)、維利帕尼(亦稱為ABT-888)、瑞卡帕尼(亦稱為PF-01367338)、CEP-9722、INO-1001、MK-4827、E7016、BMN673或AZD2461。在其他實施例中,抑制或調節PARP1或PARP2之藥劑係維利帕尼(亦稱為ABT-888)或瑞卡帕尼。
在一些實施例中,該化合物係VE-821或VE 822。
作為ATR激酶抑制劑,本發明之化合物及組合物亦可用於生物樣品中。本發明一態樣係關於抑制生物樣品中之ATR激酶活性,該方法包括使該生物樣品與本文所述化合物或包括該化合物之組合物接觸。本文所用術語「生物樣品」意指活體外或離體樣品,其包括(不限於)細胞培養物或其提取物;自哺乳動物獲得之活檢組織材料或其提取物;及血液、唾液、尿、糞便、精液、眼淚或其他體液或其提取物。術語「本文所述化合物」包括式I化合物。
抑制生物樣品中之ATR激酶活性可用於熟習此項技術者已知之各種目的。此等目的之實例包括(但不限於)輸血、器官移植及生物標本儲存。
本發明之另一態樣係關於研究生物學及病理學現象中之蛋白激酶;研究由該等蛋白激酶調介之細胞內訊息傳導路徑;及對比性評估新穎蛋白激酶抑制劑。該等用途之實例包括(但不限於)生物分析,例如酶分析及基於細胞之分析。
作為蛋白激酶抑制劑之化合物之活性可在活體外、活體內或細胞系中進行分析。活體外分析包括測定經活化激酶之激酶活性或ATPase活性之抑制的分析。替代性活體外分析可量化抑制劑結合蛋白激酶之能力,且可藉由以下方式進行量測:在結合前放射性標記抑制
劑,分離抑制劑/激酶複合物並測定所結合放射性標記之量,或實施將新穎抑制劑與結合至已知放射性配體之激酶一起培育之競爭實驗。分析本發明所用作為ATR抑制劑化合物之詳細情況闡述於下文實例中。
本發明之另一態樣提供藉由使本文所述化合物與ATR激酶接觸來調節酶活性之方法。
在一態樣中,本發明提供治療疾病、病狀或病症(其中ATR激酶與疾病狀態有關)或減輕其嚴重程度的方法。在另一態樣中,本發明提供治療ATR激酶疾病、病狀、或病症(其中酶活性之抑制與疾病治療有關)或減輕其嚴重程度的方法。在另一態樣中,本發明提供使用藉由結合至ATR激酶來抑制酶活性之化合物治療疾病、病狀、或病症或減輕其嚴重程度的方法。另一態樣提供藉由使用ATR激酶抑制劑抑制ATR激酶之酶活性來治療激酶疾病、病狀、或病症或減輕其嚴重程度的方法。
本發明之一態樣係關於抑制患者之ATR激酶活性之方法,該方法包括投與患者本文所述化合物或包含該化合物之組合物。在一些實施例中,該方法用於治療或預防選自增殖性及過度增殖性疾病(例如癌症)之病狀。
本發明之另一態樣提供治療、預防或減輕增殖性或過度增殖性疾病之嚴重程度之方法,其包括投與有需要的個體有效量之化合物或包含化合物之醫藥上可接受之組合物。在一些實施例中,該個體係患者。本文所用術語「患者」意指動物,較佳係人類。
在一些實施例中,該方法用於治療或預防癌症。在一些實施例中,該方法用於治療或預防具有實體腫瘤之癌症類型。在又一實施例中,該癌症係選自以下癌症:口腔癌症:頰腔癌、唇癌、舌癌、口
癌、咽癌;賁門癌症:肉瘤(血管肉瘤、纖維肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、脂肉瘤)、黏液瘤、橫紋肌瘤、纖維瘤、脂瘤及畸胎瘤;肺部癌症:枝氣管癌(鱗狀細胞癌或表皮樣癌、未分化小細胞癌、未分化大細胞癌、腺癌)、肺泡(小枝氣管)癌、支氣管腺瘤、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、軟骨錯構瘤、間皮瘤;胃腸道癌症:食道癌症(鱗狀細胞癌、喉癌、腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、淋巴瘤)、胃癌症(癌、淋巴瘤、平滑肌肉瘤)、胰臟癌症(導管腺癌、胰島瘤、升糖素瘤、胃泌素瘤、類癌腫瘤、血管活性腸肽瘤)、小腸癌症(腺癌、淋巴瘤、類癌腫瘤、卡波西氏肉瘤(Karposi’s sarcoma)、平滑肌瘤、血管瘤、脂瘤、神經纖維瘤、纖維瘤)、大腸癌症(腺癌、管狀腺瘤、絨毛狀腺瘤、錯構瘤、平滑肌瘤)、結腸癌、結腸-直腸癌結直腸癌、直腸癌;泌尿生殖道癌症:腎癌症(腺癌、威爾姆斯瘤(Wilm’s tumor)[腎胚細胞瘤]、淋巴瘤)、膀胱及尿道癌症(鱗狀細胞癌、移行細胞癌、腺癌)、前列腺癌症(腺癌、肉瘤)、睪丸癌症(精細胞瘤、畸胎瘤、胚胎性癌、畸胎癌、絨毛膜癌、肉瘤、間質細胞癌、纖維瘤、纖維腺瘤、腺瘤樣腫瘤、脂瘤);肝癌症:肝癌(肝細胞癌)、膽管癌、肝胚細胞瘤、血管肉瘤、肝細胞腺瘤、血管瘤、膽道癌;骨癌症:骨原性肉瘤(骨肉瘤)、纖維肉瘤、惡性纖維組織細胞瘤、軟骨肉瘤、尤因氏肉瘤(Ewing’s sarcoma)、惡性淋巴瘤(網狀細胞肉瘤)、多發性骨髓瘤、惡性巨細胞瘤、索脊瘤、骨軟骨瘤(osteochronfroma)(骨軟骨性外生骨疣)、良性軟骨瘤、軟骨胚細胞瘤、軟骨黏液樣纖維瘤、骨樣骨瘤及巨細胞瘤;神經系統癌症:顱骨癌症(骨瘤、血管瘤、肉芽腫、黃瘤、畸形性骨炎)、腦膜癌症(腦脊髓膜瘤、髓膜肉瘤、神經膠瘤病)、腦癌症(星形細胞瘤、神經管胚細胞瘤、神經膠質瘤、室管膜瘤、胚細胞瘤[松果體瘤]、多形性神經膠質母細胞瘤、寡樹突神經膠細胞瘤、神經鞘瘤、視網膜胚細胞瘤、先天性腫瘤)、脊髓神經纖維瘤、腦脊髓膜瘤、神經膠質瘤、肉瘤);婦科 癌症:子宮癌症(子宮內膜癌)、子宮頸癌症(子宮頸癌、瘤前子宮頸發育不良)、卵巢癌症(卵巢癌[漿液性囊腺癌、黏液性囊腺癌、未分類癌]、粒層-卵囊泡膜細胞瘤、塞特利-萊迪希細胞瘤(Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor)、惡性胚細胞瘤、惡性畸胎瘤)、陰唇癌症(鱗狀細胞癌、上皮內癌、腺癌、纖維肉瘤、黑色素瘤)、陰道癌症(透明細胞癌、鱗狀細胞癌、葡萄形肉瘤(胚胎性橫紋肌肉瘤)、輸卵管(癌)、乳癌;皮膚癌症:惡性黑色素瘤、基底細胞癌、鱗狀細胞癌、卡波西氏肉瘤、角質棘皮瘤、結構不良痣、脂瘤、血管瘤、皮膚纖維瘤、瘢瘤、牛皮癬、甲狀腺癌症:乳突性甲狀腺癌、濾泡性甲狀腺癌、髓質性甲狀腺癌、2A型多發性內分泌瘤、2B型多發性內分泌瘤、家族性髓質性甲狀腺癌、嗜鉻細胞瘤、副神經節瘤;及腎上腺癌症:神經胚細胞瘤。
在一些實施例中,癌症係選自本文所述癌症。在一些實施例中,該癌症係肺癌、頭頸癌、胰臟癌、胃癌或腦癌。在其他實施例中,癌症係選自肺癌或胰臟癌。在一些實施例中,肺癌係非小細胞肺癌或小細胞肺癌,例如鱗狀非小細胞肺癌。在其他實施例中,癌症係選自乳癌,例如三重陰性乳癌。
在又一些其他實施例中,癌症係選自非小細胞肺癌、小細胞肺癌、胰臟癌、膽道癌、頭頸癌、膀胱癌、結直腸癌、神經膠質母細胞瘤、食道癌、乳癌、肝細胞癌或卵巢癌。
在某些實施例中,該化合物或醫藥上可接受之組合物之「有效量」係有效治療該疾病之量。本發明方法之化合物及組合物可使用有效治療或減輕該疾病之嚴重程度之任一量及任一投與途徑投與。
一態樣提供抑制患者之ATR之方法,其包括投與本文所述化合物,如本文所述。另一實施例提供治療癌症之方法,其包括投與患者本文所述化合物,其中該等變量係如本文所定義。
一些實施例包括投與該患者選自DNA破壞劑之另外治療劑;其
中該另外治療劑適用於所治療之疾病;且該另外治療劑係投與與該化合物形成單一劑型一起投與或與該化合物分開投作為多重劑型之一部分投與。
在一些實施例中,該DNA破壞劑係選自電離輻射、類放射性新製癌菌素、鉑化試劑、Topo I抑制劑、Topo II抑制劑、抗代謝藥、烷基化試劑、磺酸烷基酯、抗代謝藥或抗生素。在其他實施例中,該DNA破壞劑係選自電離輻射、鉑化試劑、Topo I抑制劑、Topo II抑制劑或抗生素。
鉑化試劑之實例包括順鉑、奧沙利鉑、卡鉑、奈達鉑、沙鉑及其他衍生物。其他鉑化試劑包括洛鉑(Lobaplatin)及三鉑(Triplatin)。其他鉑化試劑包括四硝酸鹽(Tetranitrate)、吡鉑(Picoplatin)、沙鉑、胺基丙二酸酯鉑絡合物(ProLindac)及奧沙利鉑脂質體(Aroplatin)。
Topo I抑制劑之實例包括喜樹鹼、托泊替康、伊立替康/SN38、盧比替康及其他衍生物。其他Topo I抑制劑包括貝洛替康(Belotecan)。
Topo II抑制劑之實例包括依託泊苷、柔紅黴素、多柔比星、米托蒽醌、阿柔比星、表柔比星、伊達比星、胺柔比星、安吖啶、吡柔比星、戊柔比星、佐柔比星及替尼泊苷。
抗代謝藥之實例包括葉酸家族、嘌呤家族(嘌呤拮抗劑)或嘧啶家族(嘧啶拮抗劑)之成員。葉酸家族之實例包括胺甲蝶呤、培美曲塞及相關物;嘌呤家族之實例包括硫鳥嘌呤、氟達拉濱、克拉屈濱、6-巰基嘌呤及相關物;嘧啶家族之實例包括阿糖胞苷、吉西他濱、5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)及相關物。
抗代謝藥之一些其他具體實例包括胺基蝶呤(Aminopterin)、胺甲蝶呤、培美曲塞、雷替曲塞(Raltitrexed)、噴司他丁、克拉屈濱、氯法拉濱、氟達拉濱、硫鳥嘌呤、巰基嘌呤、氟尿嘧啶、卡培他濱、替
加氟(Tegafur)、卡莫氟(Carmofur)、氟尿苷、阿糖胞苷、吉西他濱、阿紮胞苷及羥基脲。
烷基化試劑之實例包括氮芥、三氮烯、磺酸烷基酯、丙卡巴肼及氮丙啶。氮芥之實例包括環磷醯胺、美法侖、氯芥苯丁酸及相關物;亞硝基脲之實例包括卡莫司汀;三氮烯之實例包括達卡巴嗪及替莫唑胺;磺酸烷基酯之實例包括白消安。
烷基化試劑之其他具體實例包括二氯甲基二乙胺、環磷醯胺、異環磷醯胺、曲磷胺(Trofosfamide)、氯芥苯丁酸、美法侖、潑尼莫司汀(Prednimustine)、苯達莫司汀(Bendamustine)、烏拉莫司汀(Uramustine)、雌莫司汀、卡莫司汀、洛莫司汀、司莫司汀(Semustine)、福莫司汀(Fotemustine)、尼莫司汀(Nimustine)、雷莫司汀(Ranimustine)、鏈脲菌素、白消安、甘露舒凡(Mannosulfan)、曲奧舒凡(Treosulfan)、卡巴醌(Carboquone)、塞替派(ThioTEPA)、三亞胺醌(Triaziquone)、曲他胺(Triethylenemelamine)、丙卡巴肼、達卡巴嗪、替莫唑胺、六甲蜜胺、二溴甘露醇(Mitobronitol)、放線菌素、博來黴素、絲裂黴素及普利黴素。
抗生素之實例包括絲裂黴素、羥基脲;蒽環類、蒽二酮類、鏈黴菌屬家族。蒽環類之實例包括多柔比星、柔紅黴素、表柔比星及其他衍生物;蒽二酮類之實例包括米托蒽醌及相關物;鏈黴菌屬家族之實例包括博來黴素、絲裂黴素C及放線菌素。
在某些實施例中,該鉑化試劑係順鉑或奧沙利鉑;該Topo I抑制劑係喜樹鹼;該Topo II抑制劑係依託泊苷;且該抗生素係絲裂黴素。在其他實施例中,該鉑化試劑係選自順鉑、奧沙利鉑、卡鉑、奈達鉑或沙鉑;該Topo I抑制劑係選自喜樹鹼、托泊替康、伊立替康/SN38、盧比替康;該Topo II抑制劑係選自依託泊苷;該抗代謝藥係選自葉酸家族、嘌呤家族或嘧啶家族之成員;該烷基化試劑係選自氮
芥、亞硝基脲、三氮烯、磺酸烷基酯、丙卡巴肼或氮丙啶;且該抗生素係選自羥基脲、蒽環類、蒽二酮類或鏈黴菌屬家族。
在一些實施例中,另外治療劑係電離輻射。在其他實施例中,另外治療劑係順鉑或卡鉑。在又一些其他實施例中,另外治療劑係依託泊苷。在又一些其他實施例中,另外治療劑係替莫唑胺。
在某些實施例中,另外治療劑係選自以下中之一或多者:順鉑、卡鉑、吉西他濱、依託泊苷、替莫唑胺或電離輻射。
在其他實施例中,另外治療劑係選自以下中之一或多者:吉西他濱、順鉑或卡鉑及依託泊苷。在又一些其他實施例中,另外治療劑係選自以下中之一或多者:順鉑或卡鉑、依託泊苷及電離輻射。在一些實施例中,癌症係肺癌。在一些實施例中,肺癌係非小細胞肺癌或小細胞肺癌。
另一實施例提供治療小細胞肺癌之方法,其包括投與患者本發明化合物與順鉑及依託泊苷之組合。
另一實施例提供治療非小細胞肺癌之方法,其包括投與患者式I化合物與吉西他濱及順鉑之組合。在一些實施例中,非小細胞肺癌係鱗狀非小細胞肺癌。
另一實施例提供治療乳癌之方法,其包括投與患者式I化合物與順鉑之組合。在一些實施例中,乳癌係三重陰性乳癌。
在一些實施例中,該化合物係式I化合物。在其他實施例中,該化合物係VE-821。在其他實施例中,該化合物係VE-822。
另一實施例提供藉由投與本文所述化合物與另一已知胰臟癌治療之組合治療胰臟癌之方法。本發明之一態樣包括投與本文所述化合物與吉西他濱之組合。在一些實施例中,胰臟癌包含以下細胞系中之一者:PSN-1、MiaPaCa-2或Panc-1。根據另一態樣,癌症包含以下原發性腫瘤系中之一者:Panc-M或MRC5。
另一實施例提供利用本文所述化合物與鉑化試劑之組合治療乳癌之方法。在一些實施例中,乳癌係三重陰性乳癌。在其他實施例中,鉑化試劑係順鉑。另一實施例提供利用本文所述化合物與順鉑之組合治療三重陰性乳癌之方法。
另一實施例提供利用本文所述化合物與順鉑及依託泊苷之組合治療小細胞肺癌之方法。
另一實施例提供利用本文所述化合物與順鉑及吉西他濱之組合治療非小細胞肺癌之方法。在一些實施例中,非小細胞肺癌係鱗狀非小細胞肺癌。在一些實施例中,該化合物係式I化合物。在其他實施例中,該化合物係VE-822。
本發明之另一態樣包括投與本文所述化合物與放射線療法之組合。又一態樣提供藉由投與本文所述化合物與輻射治療之組合廢除輻射誘導之G2/M檢查點之方法。
另一態樣提供藉由投與胰臟癌細胞本文所述化合物與一或多種癌症療法之組合治療胰臟癌之方法。在一些實施例中,將該化合物與化學輻射、化學療法及/或放射線療法組合。如熟習此項技術者所瞭解,化學輻射係指包括化學療法(例如吉西他濱)及輻射二者之治療方案。在一些實施例中,該化學療法係吉西他濱。
又一態樣提供增加胰臟癌細胞對選自吉西他濱或放射線療法之癌症療法之敏感性之方法,其藉由投與本文所述化合物與癌症療法之組合。
在一些實施例中,癌症療法係吉西他濱。在其他實施例中,癌症療法係放射線療法。在又一實施例中,癌症療法係化學輻射。
另一態樣提供抑制Chk1(Ser 345)在胰臟癌細胞中磷酸化之方法,其包含在用吉西他濱(100nM)及/或輻射(6Gy)治療後投與胰臟癌細胞本文所述化合物。
另一態樣提供輻射敏化缺氧PSN-1、MiaPaCa-2或PancM腫瘤細胞之方法,其藉由投與該腫瘤細胞本文所述化合物與放射線療法之組合。
又一態樣提供敏化缺氧PSN-1、MiaPaCa-2或PancM腫瘤細胞之方法,其藉由投與該腫瘤細胞本文所述化合物與吉西他濱之組合。
另一態樣提供敏化PSN-1及MiaPaCa-2腫瘤細胞對化學輻射之方法,其藉由投與該腫瘤細胞本文所述化合物與化學輻射之組合。
另一態樣提供藉由投與胰臟癌細胞本文所述化合物與放射線療法之組合破壞損傷誘導之細胞週期檢查點之方法。
另一態樣提供藉由在胰臟癌細胞中同源重組抑制DNA破壞修復之方法,其藉由投與本文所述化合物與以下治療中之一或多者之組合:化學輻射、化學療法及放射線療法。
在一些實施例中,化學療法係吉西他濱。
另一態樣提供藉由在胰臟癌細胞中同源重組抑制DNA破壞修復之方法,其藉由投與本文所述化合物與吉西他濱及放射線療法之組合。
在一些實施例中,胰臟癌細胞係來源於選自PSN-1、MiaPaCa-2或Panc-1之胰臟細胞系。
在其他實施例中,胰臟癌細胞係存於癌症患者中。
本發明之另一態樣提供治療非小細胞肺癌之方法,其包括投與患者本文所述化合物與以下另外治療劑中之一或多者之組合:順鉑或卡鉑、依託泊苷及電離輻射。一些實施例包括投與患者本文所述化合物與順鉑或卡鉑、依託泊苷及電離輻射之組合。在一些實施例中,該組合係順鉑、依託泊苷及電離輻射。在其他實施例中,該組合係卡鉑、依託泊苷及電離輻射。
另一實施例提供促進在癌細胞中細胞死亡之方法,其包括投與
患者本文所述化合物或包含該化合物之組合物。
又一實施例提供防止在癌細胞中DNA破壞之細胞修復之方法,其包括投與患者本文所述化合物或包含該化合物之組合物。又一實施例提供防止癌細胞中由DNA破壞引起之細胞修復之方法,其包括投與患者式I化合物或包含該化合物之組合物。
另一實施例提供敏化細胞對DNA破壞劑之方法,其包括投與患者本文所述化合物或包含該化合物之組合物。
在一些實施例中,該方法用於在ATM信號傳導級聯中具有缺陷之癌細胞上。在一些實施例中,該缺陷係以下中之一或多者之表現或活性改變:ATM、p53、CHK2、MRE11、RAD50、NBS1、53BP1、MDC1、H2AX、MCPH1/BRIT1、CTIP或SMC1。在其他實施例中,該缺陷係以下中之一或多者之表現或活性改變:ATM、p53、CHK2、MRE11、RAD50、NBS1、53BP1、MDC1或H2AX。在另一實施例中,細胞係表現DNA破壞致癌基因之癌細胞。在一些實施例中,該癌細胞已改變以下中之一或多者之表現或活性:K-Ras、N-Ras、H-Ras、Raf、Myc、Mos、E2F、Cdc25A、CDC4、CDK2、細胞週期蛋白E、細胞週期蛋白A及Rb。
根據另一實施例,該方法用於癌症、癌細胞或參與鹼基切除修復之蛋白(「鹼基切除修復蛋白」)具有缺陷之細胞上。存在許多業內已知用於測定腫瘤是否具有鹼基切除修復缺陷之方法。舉例而言,可對腫瘤樣品之各鹼基切除修復基因(例如,UNG、PARP1或LIG1)之基因組DNA或mRNA產物實施測序以確定是否存在預期調節基因產物之功能或表現之突變(Wang等人,Cancer Research 52:4824(1992))。除突變失活外,腫瘤細胞可藉由高甲基化其啟動子區域來調節DNA修復基因,從而使得基因表現降低。此最通常使用甲基化特異性聚合酶鏈反應(PCR)來評價以定量對相關鹼基切除修復基因之啟動子之甲基化
程度。鹼基切除修復基因啟動子甲基化之分析可自市面購得(http://www.sabiosciences.com/dna_methylation_product/HTML/MEAH-421A.html)。
最後,可藉由使用諸如定量之反轉錄酶偶聯聚合酶鏈反應(RT-PCR)及免疫組織化學(IHC)等標準技術分別對各基因之mRNA及蛋白產物之含量直接定量來評價鹼基切除修復基因之表現程度(Shinmura等人,Carcinogenesis 25:2311(2004);Shinmura等人,Journal of Pathology 225:414(2011))。
在一些實施例中,鹼基切除修復蛋白係UNG、SMUG1、MBD4、TDG、OGG1、MYH、NTH1、MPG、NEIL1、NEIL2、NEIL3(DNA轉葡糖基酶);APE1、APEX2(AP核酸內切酶);LIG1、LIG3(DNA連接酶I及III);XRCC1(LIG3附屬物);PNK、PNKP(多核苷酸激酶及磷酸酶);PARP1、PARP2(聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶);PolB、PolG(聚合酶);FEN1(核酸內切酶)或Aprataxin。
在一些實施例中,鹼基切除修復蛋白係PARP1、PARP2或PolB。在其他實施例中,鹼基切除修復蛋白係PARP1或PARP2。
上文所述方法(基因序列、啟動子甲基化及mRNA表現)亦可用於表徵其他令人感興趣之基因或蛋白(例如腫瘤表現之DNA破壞致癌基因或細胞之ATM信號傳導級聯中之缺陷)之狀態(例如,表現或突變)。
又一實施例提供本文所述化合物作為輻射敏化劑或化學敏化劑之用途。
又一實施例提供式I化合物作為單一藥劑(單一療法)治療癌症之用途。在一些實施例中,式I化合物用於治療患有具有DNA破壞反應(DDR)缺陷之癌症之患者。在其他實施例中,該缺陷係ATM、p53、CHK2、MRE11、RAD50、NBS1、53BP1、MDC1或H2AX之突變或缺失。根據另一實施例,該方法用於癌症、癌細胞或表現DNA破壞致癌
基因之細胞上。
一實施例提供如本文所述化合物或組合物以用作輻射敏化劑或化學敏化劑。另一實施例提供如本文所述化合物或組合物以用作單一藥劑(單一療法)治療癌症。
另一實施例提供如本文所述化合物或組合物以用於治療患有具有DNA破壞反應(DDR)缺陷之癌症之患者。在一些實施例中,該缺陷係ATM、p53、CHK2、MRE11、RAD50、NBS1、53BP1、MDC1或H2AX之突變或缺失。在其他實施例中,該缺陷係TM、p53、CHK2、MRE11、RAD50、NBS1、53BP1、MDC1、H2AX、MCPH1/BRIT1、CTIP或SMC1之突變或缺失。
另一實施例提供本文所述化合物或組合物以治療癌症。在一些實施例中,將該化合物或組合物與本文所述另外治療劑進一步組合。在一些實施例中,將該化合物或組合物與本文所述DNA破壞劑進一步組合。
在一些實施例中,該癌症在本文所述路徑中具有缺陷。
一實施例提供本文所述化合物或組合物之用途,其用於製造用作輻射敏化劑或化學敏化劑之藥劑。另一實施例提供本文所述化合物或組合物之用途,其用於製造用作單一藥劑(單一療法)治療癌症之藥劑。
又一實施例提供本文所述化合物或組合物之用途,其用於製造治療患有DNA破壞反應(DDR)缺陷之癌症患者的藥劑。
在一些實施例中,該缺陷係ATM、p53、CHK2、MRE11、RAD50、NBS1、53BP1、MDC1或H2AX之突變或缺失。在其他實施例中,該缺陷係ATM、p53、CHK2、MRE11、RAD50、NBS1、
53BP1、MDC1、H2AX、MCPH1/BRIT1、CTIP或SMC1之突變或缺失。
另一實施例提供本文所述化合物或組合物之用途,其用於製造治療癌症之藥劑。在一些實施例中,將該化合物或組合物與本文所述另外治療劑(例如DNA破壞劑)組合。在另一實施例中,該癌症在本文所述路徑中具有缺陷。
本揭示內容之化合物可根據熟習此項技術者通常已知之步驟製備。更特定而言,該等化合物可根據WO 2010/071837中所述反應圖及實例製備,其內容以引用方式併入本文中。彼等化合物可藉由已知方法分析,包括(但不限於)LCMS(液相層析質譜)及NMR(核磁共振)。以下一般反應圖說明如何製備本發明之化合物。任何實例均係僅出於說明目的且不應視為以任一方式限制本發明之範圍。在400MHz下使用Bruker DPX 400儀器記錄1H-NMR光譜。在以單一MS模式使用電噴射離子化操作之MicroMass Quattro Micro質譜儀上分析質譜樣品。
本發明之環狀醯胺化合物(其中-L-R1係芳族醯胺)可根據與反應圖I-A1中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:在Suzuki條件下使市售酯1與酸反應,得到中間體2。使羧酸基團與胺進行偶合反應,得到式IA-
1之環狀醯胺化合物。
或者,本發明之化合物(其中-L-R1係芳族醯胺)可根據與反應圖I-A2中所繪示方法(反應圖I-A1中所繪示合成順序之變化形式,其在於自甲基酯1開始)類似之方法製備。將酯1轉化成羧酸3,使羧酸3與胺進行偶合反應,得到醯胺4。在Suzuki條件下使醯胺4與酸反應,得到式IA-2化合物。
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
本發明之化合物(其中環A係1,3,4-噁二唑)可根據與反應圖I-B1中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:在Suzuki條件下使甲基酯3與酸反應,得到中間體8。然後使8中之羧酸與醯肼(X=O)或硫代醯肼(X=S)進行偶合反應,形成9。最後,9中之醯基醯肼歷經環化去水,得到本發明之化合物(反應圖I-B1中之式I)。中間體8至式IB-1化合物之轉化亦係使用提供兩種用途(偶合及環化去水)之試劑以一鍋法(one-pot)程序實施。
反應圖I-B2:化合物(其中環A係1,3,4-噁二唑)之製備
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
或者,本發明之化合物(其中環A係1,3,4-噁二唑)可根據與反應圖I-B2中所繪示方法(反應圖I-B1中所繪示合成順序之變化形式)類似之方法製備。使醯肼5與羧酸官能基進行偶合反應,形成中間體9(X=O)。如在反應圖I-B1中,然後醯基醯肼歷經環化去水,得到式IB-2化合物。當R5係藉助C-N鍵結合至噁二唑環之部分時,則硫代異氰酸酯可用於產生中間體9(X=S);然後硫醯基醯肼歷經環化去水,得到式IB-2化合物。
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
或者,本發明之化合物(其中環A係1,3,4-噁二唑)可根據與反應圖I-B3中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:使10或6之R官能基(分別係酸及醯肼,二者分別藉助水解及肼解自甲基酯3製備)與適宜配偶體(當自10開始時係R5CXNHNH2;當自6開始時係R5COOH/R5==S)進行偶合,形成醯基醯肼中間體11。後續環化去水得到化合物12(其中已構建1,3,4-噁二唑環)。起點10或6至中間體12之轉化亦已使用用於兩種用途(偶合及環化去水)之試劑以一鍋法程序實施。然後在Suzuki條件下
使噁二唑12之溴手柄(handle)與酸反應,得到式IB-3化合物。當式IB-3之R基團含有羧酸部分時,可使用業內已知條件將其進一步轉化(例如轉化成醯胺)。
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
本發明之化合物(其中環A係1,2,4-噁二唑)可根據與反應圖I-C1中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:使腈2與羥基胺反應,得到中間體13。
使13之羥基與醯氯反應,得到中間體14,其歷經環化去水,得到式IC-1化合物。
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
或者,本發明之化合物(其中環A係1,2,4-噁二唑)可根據與反應圖I-C2中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:使市售腈1與羥基胺反應,得到中間體15。使15之羥基與醯氯反應,得到中間體16,其歷經環化去水,得到中間體17。然後使用17之溴手柄與酸偶合配偶體進行Suzuki反應,得到式IC-2化合物。當式IC-2之R基團含有羧酸部分時,可使用業內已知條件將其進一步轉化(例如轉化成醯胺)。
反應圖I-D1:化合物(其中環A係1,3,4-噻二唑)之製備
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
本發明之化合物(其中環A係1,3,4-噻二唑)可根據與反應圖I-D1中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:在Suzuki條件下使甲基酯3與酸反應,得到中間體8。然後使8之羧酸與硫代醯肼進行偶合反應,形成18。最後,18中之硫醯基醯肼歷經環化去水,得到式ID-1化合物。中間體8至式I-D1化合物之轉化可使用提供兩種用途(偶合及環化去水)之試劑以一鍋法程序實施。
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
或者,本發明之化合物(其中環A係1,3,4-噻二唑)可根據與反應圖I-D2中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:使10之酸官能基與適宜配偶體(R5CSNHNH2)進行偶合,形成硫醯基醯肼中間體19。後續環化去水得到化合物20(其中已構建1,3,4-噻二唑環)。起點10至20至之轉化係使用提供兩種用途(偶合及環化去水)之試劑以一鍋法程序實施。然後在Suzuki條件下使噻二唑20之溴手柄與酸反應,得到式I-D2化合物。當式I-D2之R基團含有羧酸部分時,可使用業內已知條件將其進一步轉化(例如轉化成醯胺)。
反應圖I-E1:化合物(其中環A係異噁唑)之製備
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
本發明之化合物(其中環A係異噁唑)可根據與反應圖I-E1中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:市售2-胺基-3,5-二溴吡嗪21與TMS-乙炔歷經Sonogashira偶合,得到中間體22,可對其胺基實施完全保護呈diBoc物質23形式。與剩餘的溴手柄進行Suzuki偶合並伴隨TMS去保護,得到中間體24。最後使炔24與N-羥基芳醯基氯進行環縮合反應,得到式I-E1化合物。
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
或者,本發明之化合物(其中環A係異噁唑)可根據與反應圖I-E2中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:可脫除反應圖I-E1中所述經TMS保護之中間體23保護以產生炔化合物25。使炔25與N-羥基芳醯基氯進行環縮合反應,提供中間體26(其中已構建異噁唑環)。然後在Suzuki條件下使異噁唑26之溴手柄與酸反應,得到化合物27。最後脫除27之N-保護基團保護,可產生式I化合物。當式I-E2之R基團含有羧酸部分時,可使用業內已知條件將其進一步轉化(例如轉化成醯胺)。
反應圖I-E3:化合物(其中環A係異噁唑)之製備
式I-E3化合物可根據反應圖I-E3中所概述之步驟來製備。在化合物1與胺(例如,J5p1-NH2)之間進行還原胺化,產生化合物2。還原胺化之條件包括(例如)使化合物1與J5p1-NH2在甲醇中化合以形成亞胺中間體,用NaBH4將其還原以形成化合物2。然後可用熟習此項技術者已知之氮保護基團保護化合物2。舉例而言,可使化合物2與(Boc)2O及Et3N在DCM中化合以形成化合物3(其中PG=Boc)。
可在適宜肟形成條件下將化合物3與羥基胺鹽酸鹽化合以形成化合物4。適宜肟形成條件包括一步程序或兩步程序。一步程序包含將1當量化合物3與1.1當量NH2OH.HCl攪拌於10:1 v/v THF/水混合物中。兩步程序包含首先在適宜去保護條件下脫除化合物3之縮酮基團保護形成醛,且然後在適宜兩步肟形成條件下形成肟,藉此形成化合物4。
可在適宜異噁唑形成條件下使化合物4與反應圖I-E3中所顯示經BOC保護之胺基吡嗪化合以形成化合物5。將化合物4轉化並進行[3+2]環加成以形成異噁唑5。此轉化可以一鍋法實施,但需要兩個不同步驟。第一步驟係將肟官能基氧化成硝酮或具有相同氧化程度之類似中間體(例如氯肟)。然後使此反應性物質與炔進行[3+2]環加成反應以形成異噁唑加合物。
最後,化合物5歷經金屬輔助之偶合反應以形成化合物6。舉例
而言,可在Suzuki交叉偶合條件下使化合物5與酸化合以形成式6化合物。
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
或者,本發明之化合物(其中環A係1,2,4-三唑)可根據與反應圖I-F1中所繪示方法類似之方法自甲基酯3開始製備。在Suzuki條件下使酯3與酸反應,得到中間體4。當R基團含有羧酸部分時,在此階段可使用業內已知條件將其進一步轉化(例如轉化成醯胺)。然後藉由與肼反應將4之甲基酯基團轉化成醯肼,得到5。最後,使5之醯肼基團與腈進行偶合反應且隨後歷經環化去水,得到式I-F1化合物。
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
或者,本發明之化合物(其中環A係1,2,4-三唑)可根據與反應圖I-F2中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:使1或3(分別為腈及甲基酯)之R官能基與適宜偶合配偶體(當自1開始時R5CONHNH2;若使用6則R5CN)進行偶合(在將3適當轉化成醯肼6後)。隨後實施環化去水,得到中間體7(其中已構建1,2,4-三唑環)。然後在Suzuki條件下使三唑7之溴手
柄與酸反應,得到式I-F2化合物。當式I-F2中之R基團含有羧酸部分時,可使用業內已知條件將其進一步轉化(例如轉化成醯胺)。
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
式VI之苯并噁唑化合物可根據與反應圖I-G1中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:使市售腈1與胺基苯酚反應,得到苯并噁唑,然後在Suzuki條件下使其與酸反應,得到式I-G1化合物。
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
式VI之苯并噻唑化合物可根據與反應圖I-H1中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:使市售腈1與胺基苯硫酚反應,得到苯并噻唑,然後在Suzuki條件下使其與酸反應,得到式I-H1化合物。
反應圖I-H2:化合物(其中環A係苯并噻唑)之製備
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
或者,使式VI之苯并噻唑化合物可根據反應圖I-H2製備;在Suzuki條件下使甲基酯3與酸反應,得到中間體8。使中間體8與胺基苯硫酚環化將得到式I-H2化合物。
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
式I之苯并咪唑化合物可根據與反應圖I-I1中所繪示方法類似之方法製備:在Suzuki條件下使甲基酯3與酸反應,得到中間體8。使中間體8與苯1,2-二胺環化將得到式I-I1化合物。
其中R係-(L-NR1R2)p或-(J2)q
或者,式I之苯并咪唑化合物可根據與反應圖I-I2中所繪示方法類
似之方法製備:使3之酸官能基與苯1,2-二胺反應,得到苯并咪唑中間體9。然後在Suzuki條件下使中間體9與酸反應,得到式I-I2化合物。
可針對化合物抑制細胞內ATR之能力使用免疫螢光顯微鏡分析檢測ATR受質組蛋白H2AX在經羥基脲處理之細胞中之磷酸化來篩選化合物。將HT29細胞以14,000個細胞/孔平鋪於96孔黑色成像板(BD 353219)中補充有10%胎牛血清(JRH Biosciences 12003)、以1:100稀釋之青黴素/鏈黴素溶液(Sigma P7539)及2mM L-麩醯胺酸(Sigma G7513)之McCoy 5A培養基(Sigma M8403)中,並在37℃與5% CO2中使其黏附過夜。然後將化合物添加至細胞培養基中(自25μM終濃度經3倍連續稀釋),並在37℃與5% CO2中培育細胞。在15min後,添加羥基脲(Sigma H8627)至2mM終濃度。
在用羥基脲處理45min後,在PBS中洗滌細胞,在稀釋於PBS(Polysciences公司18814)中之4%甲醛中固定10min,在存於PBS中之0.2% Tween-20(洗滌緩衝液)中洗滌,並在存於PBS中之0.5% Triton X-100中可滲透化處理10min,全部均係在室溫下進行。然後將細胞在洗滌緩衝液中洗滌一次並在室溫下在稀釋於洗滌緩衝液中之10%山羊血清(Sigma G9023)(阻斷緩衝液)中阻斷30min。為檢測H2AX磷酸化程度,然後在室溫下在以1:250稀釋於阻斷緩衝液中之一級抗體(小鼠單株抗-磷酸化組蛋白H2AX Ser139抗體;Upstate 05-636)中將細胞培育1h。然後在洗滌緩衝液中將細胞洗滌5次,然後在室溫下在黑暗中在二級抗體(山羊抗-小鼠Alexa Fluor 488偶聯抗體;Invitrogen A11029)與Hoechst染色劑(Invitrogen H3570)之混合物中培育1h;分別以1:500及1:5000稀釋於洗滌緩衝液中。然後在洗滌緩衝液中將細胞洗滌5次且最後將100μl PBS添加至各孔中,然後成像。
針對Alexa Fluor 488及Hoechst強度使用BD Pathway 855 Bioimager及Attovision軟體(BD Biosciences,版本1.6/855)使細胞成像以分別對磷酸化H2AX Ser139及DNA染色進行定量。然後使用BD Image數據Explorer軟體(BD Biosciences,版本2.2.15)計算各孔之磷酸化H2AX陽性細胞核在9個影像之20x放大率合成畫面中之百分比。磷酸化H2AX陽性細胞核定義為在未經羥基脲處理之細胞中所含Alexa Fluor 488強度為平均Alexa Fluor 488強度1.75倍之相關Hoechst陽性區域。最後繪製H2AX陽性細胞核之百分比對各化合物之濃度之曲線並使用Prism軟體(Macintosh,GraphPad Software,San Diego California,USA之3.0cx版本GraphPad Prism)測定細胞內ATR抑制之IC50。
亦可根據業內已知其他方法測試本文所述化合物(參見Sarkaria等人,「Inhibition of ATM and ATR Kinase Activities by the Radiosensitizing Agent,Caffeine:Cancer Research 59:4375-5382(1999);Hickson等人,「Identification and Characterization of a Novel and Specific Inhibitor of the Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase ATM」Cancer Research 64:9152-9159(2004);Kim等人,「Substrate Specificities and Identification of Putative Substrates of ATM Kinase Family Members」The Journal of Biological Chemistry,274(53):37538-37543(1999);及Chiang等人,「Determination of the catalytic activities of mTOR and other members of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase-related kinase family」Methods Mol.Biol.281:125-41(2004))。
可針對化合物抑制ATR激酶之能力使用放射性磷酸鹽納入分析來篩選化合物。在50mM Tris/HCl(pH 7.5)、10mM MgCl2及1mM DTT之混合物中實施分析。最終受質濃度係10μM[γ-33P]ATP(3mCi 33P
ATP/mmol ATP,Perkin Elmer)及800μM靶標肽(ASELPASQPQPFSAKKK)。
在25℃下在5nM全長ATR存在下實施分析。除ATP及相關測試化合物外,亦製備含有所有上文所列示試劑之分析儲備緩衝溶液。將13.5μL儲備溶液置於96孔板中,隨後一式兩份添加2μL含有經連續稀釋之測試化合物(通常自15μM終濃度開始經3倍連續稀釋)之DMSO儲備液(最終DMSO濃度為7%)。在25℃下將板預先培育10分鐘並藉由添加15μL[γ-33P]ATP(終濃度為10μM)來引發反應。
在24小時後藉由添加30μL含有2mM ATP之0.1M磷酸終止反應。用100μL 0.2M磷酸預處理multiscreen 96孔磷酸纖維素濾板(Millipore,目錄編號MAPHN0B50),隨後添加45μL終止分析混合物。用5×200μL 0.2M磷酸洗滌板。在乾燥後,將100μL Optiphase‘SuperMix’液體閃爍混合劑(Perkin Elmer)添加至孔中,然後進行閃爍計數(1450 Microbeta液體閃爍計數器,Wallac)。
在對所有數據點去除平均背景值後,使用Prism軟體包(Macintosh,GraphPad Software,San Diego California,USA之3.0cx版本GraphPad Prism)自初始速率數據之非線性回歸分析計算Ki(app)數據。
可使用96h細胞活力(MTS)分析針對化合物使HCT116結直腸癌細胞對順鉑敏感之能力來篩選化合物。將HCT116細胞(其具有針對順鉑之ATM信號傳導缺陷(參見,Kim等人;Oncogene 21:3864(2002);亦參見Takemura等人;JBC 281:30814(2006)))以470個細胞/孔平鋪於96孔聚苯乙烯板(Costar 3596)中之150μl補充有10%胎牛血清(JRH Biosciences 12003)、以1:100稀釋之青黴素/鏈黴素溶液(Sigma P7539)及2mM L-麩醯胺酸(Sigma G7513)之McCoy 5A培養基(Sigma M8403)
中,並在37℃與5% CO2中使其黏附過夜。然後將化合物及順鉑以自10μM最高終濃度之2倍連續稀釋液同時添加至細胞培養基中作為存於200μl最終細胞體積中之全濃度矩陣,且然後在37℃下在5% CO2下培育細胞。在96h後,將40μl MTS試劑(Promega G358a)添加至各孔中並在37℃與5% CO2中將細胞培育1h。最後,使用SpectraMax Plus 384讀數器(Molecular Devices)在490nm下量測吸光度,並可報告使單獨順鉑之IC50減少至少2/3(至1個小數位)所需之化合物濃度。
可使用96h細胞活力(MTS)分析法來篩選化合物對抗HCT116結直腸癌細胞之單一藥劑活性。將HCT116以470個細胞/孔接種於96孔聚苯乙烯板(Costar 3596)中補充有10%胎牛血清(JRH Biosciences 12003)、1:100稀釋之青黴素/鏈黴素溶液(Sigma P7539)及2mM L-麩醯胺酸(Sigma G7513)之150μl McCoy 5A培養基(Sigma M8403)中,並在37℃於5% CO2中使其黏附過夜。然後將化合物添加至該細胞培養基中(從10μM最高最終濃度經2倍連續稀釋成全系列濃度,最終細胞體積200μl中),然後在37℃於5% CO2中培育細胞。在96h後,將40μl MTS試劑(Promega G358a)添加至各孔中並在37℃於5% CO2中培育細胞1h。最後,使用SpectraMax Plus 384讀數器(Molecular Devices)在490nm測量吸光度,並可計算IC50值。
使用Watson Bioanalytical LIMS(版本7.4;Thermo Fisher Scientific)分析血液或血漿樣品之非分室藥物動力學參數。在靜脈內(IV)給藥後估算以下參數;最終清除半衰期(T1/2=ln(2)/λz),其中λz係與曲線之末端(對數-線性)部分相關之一級速率常數。
曲線下面積(AUClast=給藥時間相對於最後可測量濃度之曲線下面積)。曲線下面積外推至無限大(AUC0-∞=AUClast+Clast/λz)。清除率
(Cl;Cl=劑量IV/AUC0-∞)。第一動量曲線下面積(the area under the first moment curve)(AUMClast=給藥時間相對於最後可測量濃度之濃度乘以時間相對於時間曲線下面積)。第一動量曲線下面積外推至無限大(AUMC0-∞=AUMClast+Clast x t/λz+Clast/λz2)。平均滯留時間(MRT=AUMC0-∞/AUC0-∞)及穩態分佈體積(Vdss=MRT×Cl)。
亦可使用熟習此項技術者已知之方法獲得清除率及分佈體積(參見例如Handbook of Essential Pharmacokinetics,Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism for Industrial Scientists,Younggil Kwon,第18頁至第28頁(非分室方法))。
可在熟習此項技術者已知之條件下在形成細胞群落之細胞存活性分析中測試化合物以評估各種組合療法對癌細胞之效果。
在形成細胞群落之細胞存活性分析中利用單獨輻照(電離輻射)以及與ABT-888(高效PARP1及PARP2抑制劑)之組合來測試ATR抑制劑VE-821及VE-822。評估來自RKO及MDA-MB-231癌細胞系之癌細胞形成細胞群落之存活性且結果顯示於圖1、2及3中。
圖4.將H23非小細胞肺癌(a)、U2OS骨肉瘤(b)、HCT116結直腸癌(c)、MCF7乳癌(d)、HT144黑色素瘤(e)、HT29結直腸癌(f)及PSN1胰臟癌(g)細胞依一式三份使用指定濃度之VE-822及瑞卡帕尼處理96h,藉由3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-5-(3-羧基甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-磺苯基)-2H-四唑鎓(MTS)分析來量測細胞密度並利用MacSynergy II軟體以95%可信區間分析協同作用。觀察到從強(a)至可忽略不計(g)之一系列協同作用。可使用Reaper等人,「Selective Killing of ATM- or p53-deficient cancer cells through inhibition of ATR」,Nat.Chem.Bio.,2011年4月13日;9(7):428-430中所述方法來分析協同作用圖表。數
據表明在活體外VE-822與PARP抑制劑瑞卡帕尼在許多(但非所有)癌細胞系中協同作用。
圖5.將H23非小細胞肺癌(a)及HFL1正常肺(b)細胞依一式三份使用指定濃度之VE-822及瑞卡帕尼處理96h,藉由3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-5-(3-羧基甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-磺苯基)-2H-四唑鎓(MTS)分析來量測細胞密度並利用MacSynergy II軟體以95%可信區間分析協同作用。可使用Reaper等人,「Selective Killing of ATM- or p53-deficient cancer cells through inhibition of ATR」,Nat.Chem.Bio.,2011年4月13日;9(7):428-430中所述方法來分析協同作用圖表。數據表明在活體外VE-822與PARP抑制劑瑞卡帕尼在癌細胞(而非正常細胞)中協同作用。
圖6a. 將H23非小細胞肺癌(a)及HFL1正常肺(b)細胞依一式三份使用指定濃度之VE-822及瑞卡帕尼併用2戈雷(Gy)IR處理,在96h藉由3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-5-(3-羧基甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-磺苯基)-2H-四唑鎓(MTS)分析來量測細胞密度並利用針對三重組合研究法改良之MacSynergy II軟體(Nguyen等人,PLOS One 5:9332)以95%可信區間分析協同作用。可使用Reaper等人,「Selective Killing of ATM- or p53-deficient cancer cells through inhibition of ATR」,Nat.Chem.Bio.,2011年4月13日;9(7):428-430中所述方法來分析協同作用圖表。數據表明VE-822、PARP抑制劑瑞卡帕尼及電離輻射(IR)之組合之癌症選擇性協同效應。
圖6b. 將H23非小細胞肺癌(a)及HFL1正常肺(b)細胞依一式三份使用指定濃度之VE-822及瑞卡帕尼併用80nM順鉑處理,在96h後藉由3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-5-(3-羧基甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-磺苯基)-2H-四
唑鎓(MTS)分析來量測細胞密度並利用針對三重組合研究法改良之MacSynergy II軟體(Nguyen等人,PLOS One 5:9332)以95%可信區間分析協同作用。可使用Reaper等人,「Selective Killing of ATM- or p53-deficient cancer cells through inhibition of ATR」,Nat.Chem.Bio.,2011年4月13日;9(7):428-430中所述方法來分析協同作用圖表。數據表明VE-822、PARP抑制劑瑞卡帕尼及順鉑之組合之癌症選擇性協同效應。
儘管已對本發明之許多實施例加以闡述,但顯而易見,可對基本實例加以修改以提供可利用本發明之化合物、方法及過程之其他實施例。因此,應瞭解,本發明之範圍將由隨附申請專利範圍而非由本文實例所代表之具體實施例界定。
Claims (1)
- 一種用於治療患者癌症之醫藥組合物,其包含式I化合物成份;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中R1係具有0至4個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之5至6員單環芳基或雜芳基環,其中該單環芳基或雜芳基環視情況稠合至另一環,形成具有0至6個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之8至10員二環芳基或雜芳基環;各R1視情況經1至5個J1基團取代;R2係具有0至3個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之5至6員單環芳基或雜芳基環,其中該單環芳基或雜芳基環視情況稠合至另一環,形成具有0至4個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之8至10員二環芳基或雜芳基環;各R2視情況經1至5個J2基團取代;L係-C(O)NH-或-C(O)N(C1-6烷基)-;n係0或1;各J1及J2獨立地係鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-V1-R或-(V2)m-Q;V1係C1-10脂族鏈,其中0至3個亞甲基單元視情況且獨立地經O、NR”、S、C(O)、S(O)或S(O)2置換;V1視情況經1至6個JV1取代;V2係C1-10脂族鏈,其中0至3個亞甲基單元視情況且獨立地經O、NR”、S、C(O)、S(O)或S(O)2置換;V2視情況經1至6個JV2取代; m係0或1;Q係具有0至4個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之3至8員飽和或不飽和單環,或具有0至6個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之9至10員飽和或不飽和二環;各Q視情況經0至5個JQ取代;各JV1或JV2獨立地係鹵素、CN、NH2、NO2、C1-4脂族基、NH(C1-4脂族基)、N(C1-4脂族基)2、OH、O(C1-4脂族基)、CO2H、CO2(C1-4脂族基)、C(O)NH2、C(O)NH(C1-4脂族基)、C(O)N(C1-4脂族基)2、NHCO(C1-4脂族基)、N(C1-4脂族基)CO(C1-4脂族基)、SO2(C1-4脂族基)、NHSO2(C1-4脂族基)或N(C1-4脂族基)SO2(C1-4脂族基),其中該C1-4脂族基視情況經鹵基取代;R係H或C1-6脂族基,其中該C1-6脂族基視情況經1至4個NH2、NH(C1-4脂族基)、N(C1-4脂族基)2、鹵素、C1-4脂族基、OH、O(C1-4脂族基)、NO2、CN、CO2H、CO2(C1-4脂族基)、CO(C1-4脂族基)、O(鹵基C1-4脂族基)或鹵基C1-4脂族基取代;各JQ獨立地係鹵基、側氧基(oxo)、CN、NO2、X-R或-(X)p-Q4;p係0或1;X係C1-10脂族基;其中該C1-6脂族基之1至3個亞甲基單元視情況經-NR、-O-、-S-、C(O)、S(O)2或S(O)置換;其中X視情況且獨立地經1至4個NH2、NH(C1-4脂族基)、N(C1-4脂族基)2、鹵素、C1-4脂族基、OH、O(C1-4脂族基)、NO2、CN、CO(C1-4脂族基)、CO2H、CO2(C1-4脂族基)、C(O)NH2、C(O)NH(C1-4脂族基)、C(O)N(C1-4脂族基)2、SO(C1-4脂族基)、SO2(C1-4脂族基)、SO2NH(C1-4脂族基)、SO2N(C1-4脂族基)2、NHC(O)(C1-4脂族基)、N(C1-4脂族基)C(O)(C1-4脂族基)取代,其中該C1-4脂族基視情況經1至3個鹵基取代; Q4係具有0至4個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之3至8員飽和或不飽和單環,或具有0至6個獨立地選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子之8至10員飽和或不飽和二環;各Q4視情況經1至5個JQ4取代;JQ4係鹵基、CN或C1-4烷基,其中多至2個亞甲基單元視情況經O、NR*、S、C(O)、S(O)或S(O)2置換;R係H或C1-4烷基,其中該C1-4烷基視情況經1至4個鹵基取代;R’、R”及R*各獨立地係H、C1-4烷基或不存在;其中該C1-4烷基視情況經1至4個鹵基取代;及另外治療劑,其中該另外治療劑抑制或調節PARP1或PARP2。
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| KR102678021B1 (ko) | 2015-09-30 | 2024-06-26 | 버텍스 파마슈티칼스 인코포레이티드 | Dna 손상제와 병용되는, atr 저해제를 포함하는 암 치료용 약제학적 조성물 |
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