ES2559927T3 - Prevención y reducción de pérdida de sangre y respuesta inflamatoria - Google Patents
Prevención y reducción de pérdida de sangre y respuesta inflamatoria Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2559927T3 ES2559927T3 ES10180486.2T ES10180486T ES2559927T3 ES 2559927 T3 ES2559927 T3 ES 2559927T3 ES 10180486 T ES10180486 T ES 10180486T ES 2559927 T3 ES2559927 T3 ES 2559927T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- phe
- cys
- pep
- glu
- polypeptide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Abstract
Un polipéptido que comprende la secuencia de aminoácidos:**Fórmula** en la que dicho polipéptido inhibe la calicreína, para uso en tratamiento o prevención de una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica en un individuo.
Description
Las FIGS. 3A y 3B proporcionan una alineación de secuencias de aminoácidos de estas secuencias, la secuencia de LACI natural de la que proceden estas variantes (SEC ID Nº 32) y otros dominios de Kunitz conocidos (SEC ID Nº 5 29-31 y 33-53).
Los polipéptidos IC útiles en los métodos y las composiciones descritos en la presente memoria se pueden preparar de manera sintética usando cualquier protocolo y equipo de síntesis de polipéptidos clásico. Por ejemplo, la síntesis por etapas de un polipéptido IC descrito en la presente memoria se puede llevar a cabo por la eliminación de un grupo protector (N) amino-terminal de un aminoácido inicial (es decir, carboxi-terminal) y acoplamiento al mismo del 10 extremo carboxilo del siguiente aminoácido en la secuencia del polipéptido. Este aminoácido también está protegido
9
previamente a inducción de la anestesia. Después, en la inducción de la anestesia, se puede inyectar una segunda dosis de polipéptido IC en el fluido de cebado de CPB ("volumen de cebado de la bomba"). Se puede poner después al paciente una dosis de infusión intravenosa continua y controlada durante la duración del procedimiento quirúrgico y después del procedimiento si se indica.
5 En la actualidad hay dos regímenes homologados en los Estados Unidos para administrar aprotinina a un paciente que experimenta un procedimiento de CABG (véase, etiqueta e inserto del producto para TRASYLOL®, Bayer Corporation Pharmaceutical Division, West Haven, Connecticut). Uno de dichos regímenes homologados usa una dosis de carga intravenosa de 2 millones de UIC, 2 millones de UIC en el volumen de cebado de la bomba y 500.000 UIC por hora de cirugía. Otro régimen homologado usa una dosis de carga intravenosa de 1 millón de UIC, 1 millón
10 de UIC en el volumen de cebado de la bomba y 250.000 UIC por hora de cirugía. Como estos regímenes se basan en UIC, los regímenes se adaptan fácilmente a cualquier polipéptido IC descrito en la presente memoria una vez que ha sido determinada la actividad específica y UIC de un polipéptido IC particular por ensayos clásicos. Debido a la afinidad de unión y la actividad inhibidora mejoradas en los polipéptidos IC representativos descritos en la presente memoria relativos a aprotinina, se espera que dichas composiciones y métodos de la invención requieran
15 probablemente menos miligramos (mg) por paciente para proporcionar a un paciente el número requerido o la concentración requerida de UIC.
Se pueden ilustrar varias consideraciones considerando la dosificación con un polipéptido IC en métodos descritos en la presente memoria como ejemplo con el polipéptido IC PEP-1 representativo de la invención con la secuencia de aminoácidos de la SEC ID Nº 2 (peso molecular de 7.054 Daltons).
20 La Tabla 1, a continuación, proporciona una comparación de la afinidad (Ki,app) del polipéptido IC PEP-1 para calicreína y otras once proteasas de plasma conocidas.
Tabla 1.
- Sustrato de proteasa
- Ki,pp PEP-1 (pM) Ki,app Aprotinina (pM)
- calicreína de plasma humano
- 44 3,0 x 104
- calicreína de orina humana
- >1 x 108 4,0 x 103
- calicreína pancreática porcina
- 2,7 x 107 550
- C1r humana, activada
- >2,0 x 108 >1,0 x 107
- C1s humana, activada
- >2,0 x 107 >1,0 x 108
- factor de plasma humano XIa
- 1,0 x 104 ND
- factor de plasma humano XIIa
- >2,0 x 107 >1,0 x 108
- plasmina humana
- 1,4 x 105 894
- tripsina pancreática humana
- >2 x 107 ND
- quimotripsina pancreática humana
- >2,0 x 107 7,3 x 105
- elastasa de neutrófilos humana
- >2,0 x 107 1,7 x 106
- trombina de plasma humano
- >2,0 x 107 >1,0 x 108
- ND = no determinado
Claramente, el polipéptido IC PEP-1 es altamente específico para calicreína de plasma humano. Además, la afinidad 25 (Ki,app) de PEP-1 para calicreína es 1.000 veces mayor que la afinidad de la aprotinina para calicreína: la Ki,app, de PEP-1 para calicreína es aproximadamente 44 pM (Tabla 1), mientras que la Ki,app de aprotinina para calicreína es
14 5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
sobre una base por mol. Sin embargo, la consideración de otros diversos factores puede proporcionar una estimación más precisa de la dosis de PEP-1 requerida en la práctica. Dichos factores incluyen la cantidad de calicreína activada durante CPB en un paciente particular, la concentración de calicreína requerida para provocar una SIR y la biodisponibilidad y la distribución farmacológica de PEP-1 en un paciente. Sin embargo, se espera aún el uso de un polipéptido IC en los métodos de acuerdo con la invención y proporcionado en dosis homologadas en la actualidad para el uso de aprotinina para proporcionar mejoras significativas por el uso actual de la aprotinina bovina, menor afinidad, menos específica.
Por ejemplo, la cantidad total de pre-calicreína de circulación en plasma es estimada en aproximadamente 500 nM (Silverberg, M. et al., "The Contact System and Its Disorders," en Sangre: Principles and Practice of Hematology, Handin, R. et al., eds., JB Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1.995). Si toda la precalicreína fuera activada, entonces se requeriría al menos 500 nM de PEP-1 para una inhibición estequiométrica de la calicreína. Un individuo con 5 litros de plasma requeriría por lo tanto aproximadamente 18 mg de PEP-1 para conseguir una concentración en plasma de 500 nM.
Otro factor que se tiene que considerar es la concentración umbral de calicreína requerida para inducir una SIR en un paciente. Si la concentración de calicreína activa se debe mantener por debajo de, por ejemplo, 1 nM, entonces debido a su alta afinidad por calicreína, PEP-1 ofrece una ventaja significativa sobre la aprotinina en la cantidad de proteína que se requeriría para inhibir SIR. En particular, una concentración de PEP-1 de 1 nM inhibiría el 99,6% de la calicreína presente a 1 nM (es decir, sólo 0,4 pM de calicreína libre que permanece en la sangre), mientras una concentración de aprotinina de 1 nM inhibiría solamente el 24,5% de la calicreína presente a 1 nM. Para que la aprotinina inhiba el 99% de la calicreína a 1 nM, se requiere una concentración de aprotinina en el plasma de al menos 3 µM (es decir, concentración 3.000 veces mayor que para PEP-1).
Para un paciente que experimenta CPB, se puede estimar una dosis clínica inicial de PEP-1 a partir de un régimen de dosificación recomendado de aprotinina (1 x 106 UIC) mencionado anteriormente. Se indica en un inserto de envase que la aprotinina tiene una actividad inhibidora específica de 7.143 UIC/mg determinada usando un ensayo de presión sanguínea de perro. Por lo tanto, 1 x 106 UIC de aprotinina es equivalente a 140 mg de aprotinina (es decir, 1 x 106 UIC/7.143 UIC/mg = 140 mg de aprotinina). En un paciente con un volumen de plasma sanguíneo de 5 litros, 140 mg corresponde a aproximadamente aprotinina 4,3 µM (el peso molecular de aprotinina es 6.512 Daltons). La actividad específica de la aprotinina en el ensayo inhibidor clásico usado para PEP-1 es 0,4 UIC/mg de polipéptido. Una dosis de 140 mg correspondería una dosis de carga para aprotinina de 56 UIC (140 mg x 0,4 UIC/mg = 56 UIC). Por el contrario, puesto que la actividad específica del polipéptido IC PEP-1 es 10 UIC/mg en el ensayo de inhibición clásico, se requeriría una dosis de sólo 5,6 mg de PEP-1 para proporcionar el número de UIC equivalentes a 140 mg de aprotinina. En un paciente con un volumen de plasma de 5 litros, esto corresponde a PEP1 aproximadamente 160 nM (el peso molecular de PEP-1 es 7.054 Daltons), aunque se puede requerir una dosis superior del polipéptido IC PEP-1 si se activa toda la calicreína del plasma (500 nM) y/o si este polipéptido IC está deficientemente distribuido en un paciente.
Además, los polipéptidos IC no se pueden encontrar en la naturaleza y se pueden producir de manera sintética o de manera recombinante, como se indicó anteriormente, evitándose de ese modo la contaminación potencial de enfermedades transmisibles que pueden surgir durante el aislamiento de una proteína de una fuente animal natural, tal como en el caso de la aprotinina, que se aísla de pulmón bovino. Cada vez más importante para la aceptación administrativa y pública de un tratamiento o composición farmacéutica que comprende un polipéptido es evitar la posible contaminación con, y la transmisión a, pacientes humanos de diversos agentes patológicos. Es de particular interés para la seguridad de las proteínas aisladas de un tejido bovino la eliminación del posible riesgo de exposición a enfermedades mediadas por virus, enfermedades mediadas por bacterias y, especialmente, encefalopatías espongiformes bovinas transmisibles.
Como variantes del dominio 1 de Kunitz de la proteína LACI humana, se esperan menos efectos secundarios de administrar los polipéptidos IC a pacientes que para aprotinina, que es una proteína bovina que está documentado que produce respuestas anafilácticas y anafilactoides en pacientes, especialmente en administraciones repetidas, tales como procedimientos de CABG de segunda vez. Adicionalmente, la unión altamente específica de los polipéptidos IC descrita en la presente memoria para calicreína limitará o eliminará con eficacia las tendencias trombóticas observadas con la aprotinina y reducirá los problemas observados con la permeabilidad del injerto siguiendo procedimientos de CABG.
La invención se describirá además con referencia a los siguientes ejemplos no limitantes. Las explicaciones de todas las patentes, solicitudes de patente y todas las demás publicaciones y sitios web citados en la presente memoria se incorporan como referencia en su totalidad.
Ejemplificación
Ejemplo 1: Un polipéptido IC representativo.
Un polipéptido IC (PEP-1) que no se encuentra en la naturaleza, útil en las composiciones y los métodos de la invención se identificó como un polipéptido de unión de calicreína mostrado en un fago recombinante de una
15
biblioteca de presentación de fagos. PEP-1 tiene la siguiente secuencia de aminoácidos: Glu Ala Met His Ser Phe Cys Ala Phe Lys Ala Asp Asp Gly Pro Cys Arg Ala Ala His Pro Arg Trp Phe Phe Asn Ile Phe Thr Arg Gln Cys Glu Glu Phe Ile Tyr Gly Gly Cys Glu Gly Asn Gln Asn Arg Phe Glu Ser Leu Glu Glu Cys Lys Lys Met Cys Thr Arg Asp (SEC ID Nº 2). El peso molecular de PEP-1 es 7.054 Daltons.
5 La secuencia de nucleótidos (SEC ID Nº 3) del ADN de fago recombinante que codifica la secuencia de aminoácidos de PEP-1 (aminoácidos 3-60 de la SEC ID Nº 2) se aisló y se secuenció por métodos clásicos determinados a partir del ADN de fago recombinante. Se produjo PEP-1 en cantidades útiles para caracterización adicional como una proteína recombinante en células huésped de fenotipo His4-de cepa de levadura Pichia pastoris.
Ejemplo 2: Construcción de un plásmido recombinante para expresar polipéptidos IC.
10 El plásmido inicial, pHIL-D2, es resistente a ampicilina y contiene un alelo natural de His4 de P. pastoris. La secuencia de ADN final que comprende la secuencia codificadora para la proteína de fusión Prepro-PEP-1 matα en el plásmido de expresión recombinante pPIC-K503 se muestra en la FIG. 2. La secuencia de ADN de pHIL-D2 se modificó para producir pPIC-K503, como sigue:
1. El sitio BstBI en la región 3' AOX1 de pHIL-D2, situada aguas abajo del gen His4, se retiró por digestión de
15 restricción parcial, relleno y ligadura, alterando la secuencia de TTCGAA (SEC ID Nº 23) a TTCGCGAA (SEC ID Nº 24). Esta modificación se realizó para facilitar y dirigir la clonación de la casete de expresión en el plásmido.
2. El sitio AatII que soporta el gen bla situado aguas abajo de His4 se retiró por digestión de restricción, llenado y ligadura modificando la secuencia de GACGTC (SEC ID Nº 25) a GACGTACGTC (SEC ID Nº 26). 20 Esta modificación se realizó para facilitar la clonación de casetes de expresión con sitios AatII en el plásmido. El ADN que codifica PEP-1 fue sintetizado basándose en la secuencia de nucleótidos del fago que muestra la unión de calicreína original y constaba de 450 pares de bases (pb). La secuencia de ADN final del inserto en el plásmido pHIL-D2 es flanqueada por una secuencia 5' AOX1 y una secuencia 3' AOX1 (porciones de las cuales se muestran en la FIG. 2) y codifica una proteína de fusión que comprende el 25 péptido de señal prepro matα de S. cerevisiae fusionado a la secuencia codificadora estructural para el polipéptido IC PEP-1. Se añadió el péptido de señal para facilitar la secreción de PEP-1 de las células huésped de levadura. Se sintetizaron los oligonucleótidos para formar el inserto y se obtuvieron comercialmente (Genesis Labs, The Woodlands, TX) y el inserto fue generado por reacción de cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). El ADN sintético ligado que codifica la proteína de fusión prepro/PEP-1 matα se
30 incorporó después por ligadura en el plásmido pHIL-D2 modificado entre los sitios BstBI y EcoRI.
Los productos de ligadura se usaron para transformar la cepa de Escherichia coli XL1 Blue. Se usó un ensayo PCR para detectar sistemáticamente transformantes de E. coli para la construcción de plásmido deseada. Se multiplicó ADN de extractos celulares por PCR usando cebadores que contenían las secuencias 5' AOX1 y 3' AOX1 (véase anteriormente y FIG. 2). Se secuenciaron los productos PCR del número correcto de pares de bases. Además, se 35 secuenciaron aproximadamente 20-50 pb en cada lado de los sitios de clonación y se obtuvo la secuencia prevista. La secuencia de ADN final del inserto en el plásmido pHIL-D2 (para proporcionar plásmido pPIC-K503) se muestra en la FIG. 2 junto con porciones de las secuencias 5' y 3' AOX1 de franqueo y la correspondiente secuencia de aminoácidos de la proteína de fusión que comprende el péptido de señal prepro matα de S. cerevisiae fusionado a la secuencia codificadora estructural para el polipéptido IC PEP-1. Se selecciona un transformante con la construcción
40 de plásmido de expresión deseada, plásmido pPIC-K503, para preparar estirpes celulares de levadura para producción de rutina de PEP-1.
Ejemplo 3: Fabricación de PEP-1 de estirpe celular de levadura recombinante.
Se transformaron esferoplastos de P. pastoris GS 115 con el fenotipo His4-con el plásmido de expresión pPIC-K503 (anterior) siguiendo linearización del plásmido en el sitio SacI y recombinación homóloga del ADN de plásmido en el
45 sitio del huésped 5' AOX1. El fenotipo de la cepa de producción es His4+ . Se insertó el plásmido completo en la secuencia genómica 5' AOX1 de la levadura.
En los aislados de la transformación se detectó sistemáticamente el crecimiento en ausencia de histidina exógena con metanol como la única fuente de carbono. Más del 95% de los transformantes retuvieron la capacidad original de crecer con metanol como la única fuente de carbono, demostrando de ese modo que el plásmido había sido 50 insertado en el genoma huésped por recombinación homóloga más bien que trasplante. Estos transformantes no requirieron histidina exógena para crecimiento, demostrándose de ese modo que el plásmido se había integrado en el genoma huésped. Se clonaron las colonias seleccionadas. Se realizaron estudios de expresión de pequeño cultivo para identificar clones que segregan los niveles más altos de PEP-1 activo en el medio de cultivo. Los niveles de secreción de PEP-1 en disoluciones de sobrenadante de cultivo clarificadas se cuantificaron para niveles de PEP-1
55 mediante electroforesis de gel de dodecilsulfato de sodio y poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE) y se evaluó la inhibición de calicreína. Se seleccionó un clon de levadura para producción de PEP-1 basándose en su alto nivel de expresión de PEP-1 entre los cultivos muestreados.
16
Claims (1)
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| ES10180484.7T Expired - Lifetime ES2528254T3 (es) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-06-06 | Polipéptidos de dominio Kunitz modificado y su uso para reducir la isquemia o el inicio de una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica asociada con un procedimiento quirúrgico |
| ES10180486.2T Expired - Lifetime ES2559927T3 (es) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-06-06 | Prevención y reducción de pérdida de sangre y respuesta inflamatoria |
| ES07023364T Expired - Lifetime ES2372978T3 (es) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-06-06 | Polipéptido con dominio de kunitz modificado. |
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| ES03757339T Expired - Lifetime ES2348230T3 (es) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-06-06 | Prevención y reducción de la isquemia. |
| ES10180484.7T Expired - Lifetime ES2528254T3 (es) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-06-06 | Polipéptidos de dominio Kunitz modificado y su uso para reducir la isquemia o el inicio de una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica asociada con un procedimiento quirúrgico |
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| ES07023364T Expired - Lifetime ES2372978T3 (es) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-06-06 | Polipéptido con dominio de kunitz modificado. |
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