JPH0349420B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0349420B2 JPH0349420B2 JP59028134A JP2813484A JPH0349420B2 JP H0349420 B2 JPH0349420 B2 JP H0349420B2 JP 59028134 A JP59028134 A JP 59028134A JP 2813484 A JP2813484 A JP 2813484A JP H0349420 B2 JPH0349420 B2 JP H0349420B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- carbon atoms
- emulsion
- salt
- general formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 84
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 48
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004181 carboxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004964 sulfoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 62
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 44
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 44
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 40
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 30
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 28
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 28
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 28
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 20
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 17
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 6
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJGMBLNIHDZDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Ethylaniline Chemical compound CCNC1=CC=CC=C1 OJGMBLNIHDZDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanamide Chemical compound CCCC(N)=O DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JWOJWISLEDXYME-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium oxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-lambda4-sulfane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([S-])=S JWOJWISLEDXYME-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000006518 morpholino carbonyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(C(*)=O)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRHUHDUEXWHZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dihydropyrazol-5-one Chemical compound O=C1CC=NN1 ZRHUHDUEXWHZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole Chemical compound SC1=NN=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGHIBGNXEGJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyne Chemical group CCCCC#C CGHIBGNXEGJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-tetrazol-1-ium-5-thiolate Chemical class SC1=NN=NN1 JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLDZVCMRASJQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=C(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)C=C1O CLDZVCMRASJQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKQCSJBQLWJEPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 IKQCSJBQLWJEPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTLHLXYADXCVCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-amino-n-ethyl-3-methylanilino)ethanol Chemical compound OCCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1 QTLHLXYADXCVCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFXLRLQSHRNHCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-amino-n-ethylanilino)ethanol Chemical compound OCCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 WFXLRLQSHRNHCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHPYXVIHDRDPDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-1h-benzimidazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(Br)=NC2=C1 PHPYXVIHDRDPDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYPSHJCKSDNETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1h-benzimidazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(Cl)=NC2=C1 AYPSHJCKSDNETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(C)=O SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRTDQDCPEZRVGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitro-1h-benzimidazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC([N+](=O)[O-])=NC2=C1 KRTDQDCPEZRVGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSIAIROWMJGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazol-4-amine Chemical class NC1=CNN=N1 JSIAIROWMJGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBHTTYDJRXOHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine Chemical class N1=NC=CC2=C1N=NN2 CBHTTYDJRXOHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWIRCRREDNEXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitro-1h-indazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C([N+](=O)[O-])=NNC2=C1 OWIRCRREDNEXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRZDIHADHZSFBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-n,3-diphenylpropanamide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XRZDIHADHZSFBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1,3-thiazole-2-thione Chemical class SC1=NC=CS1 OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLNKRLLYLJYWEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2,2-dibutoxyethoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCOC(OCCCC)COC(=O)CCC(O)=O YLNKRLLYLJYWEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSVIHYOAKPVFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C)(CO)CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 DSVIHYOAKPVFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001255 4-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000590 4-methylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XBTWVJKPQPQTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-diethyl-2-methylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1 XBTWVJKPQPQTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-diethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFAJEKUNEVVYCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-ethyl-4-n-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound COCCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1 FFAJEKUNEVVYCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTMDJGPRCLQPBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitro-1h-1,2,3-benzotriazole Chemical class [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 UTMDJGPRCLQPBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetyl tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCCCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCCCC QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHBQMWCZKVMBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KHBQMWCZKVMBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CWNSVVHTTQBGQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diethyldodecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CC)CC CWNSVVHTTQBGQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical group [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiosulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001231 benzoyloxy group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- COPHVUDURPSYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dioctyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCCCCCC COPHVUDURPSYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001661 cadmium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XWVQUJDBOICHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl nonanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC XWVQUJDBOICHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)([O-])OC1=CC=CC=C1 ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carbonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006081 fluorescent whitening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002343 gold Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AKCUHGBLDXXTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-oxo-phenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical compound SS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AKCUHGBLDXXTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PTFYQSWHBLOXRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazo[4,5-e]indazole Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC=NC2=C2C=NN=C21 PTFYQSWHBLOXRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine monobromide Chemical compound IBr CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monothioglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)CS PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylidenehydroxylamine Chemical class ON=C SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical class [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dicarboxybenzene Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VECVSKFWRQYTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VECVSKFWRQYTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005691 oxidative coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006678 phenoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002006 poly(N-vinylimidazole) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003142 primary aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidin-3-one Chemical class O=C1CCNN1 NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2-thiol Chemical class SC1=NC=CC=N1 HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003748 selenium group Chemical group *[Se]* 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011272 standard treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ASWXCJULGBPXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraazanium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;dihydrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O.O.[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O ASWXCJULGBPXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOKRTWPWTUPKGI-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium tetraacetate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.C(C)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C(C)(=O)[O-].C(C)(=O)[O-].C(C)(=O)[O-] JOKRTWPWTUPKGI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- FEJQDYXPAQVBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;ethane-1,2-diamine;tetraacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.NCCN FEJQDYXPAQVBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000003475 thallium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole-4-thiol Chemical class SC1=CSN=N1 JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJPOTNJJCSJJPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(C(=O)OCCCC)=CC(C(=O)OCCCC)=C1 NJPOTNJJCSJJPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003639 trimesic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
- G03C1/28—Sensitivity-increasing substances together with supersensitising substances
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
ïŒç£æ¥äžã®å©çšåéïŒ
æ¬çºæã¯ã«ã©ãŒåçæå
ææã«é¢ãããã®ã§ã
ããç¹ã«ãã®å¢æåŠçé©æ§ãæ¹è¯ããæè¡ã«é¢ã
ããã®ã§ããã ïŒåŸæ¥æè¡ïŒ ã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææã¯éåžžãæ¯æäœäžã«åã ç°
ãªãæè²æ§ïŒããã§æè²æ§ãšã¯å¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®
ïŒã€ã®é åãããªãã¡èµ€ãç·ãéã®ããããã®å
ã«æå ããæ§è³ªãããïŒãæã€å°ãªããšãïŒå±€ã®
ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãæããŠãããããããã®å±€
ã«ã¯ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãšè²çŽ 圢æã«ãã©ãŒãããª
ãã¡çºè²çŸååŠçã«ãããŠè³éŠæïŒçŽã¢ãã³çŸå
è¬ïŒäŸãã°ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³èªå°äœãã¢ããã
ãšããŒã«èªå°äœãªã©ïŒã®é žåäœãšã®ã«ãããªã³ã°
ã«ããçºè²ãããååç©ãæããŠããã ããŠãåçæå ææã¯ãé²å éã®æ¥µããŠå°ãªã
æ¡ä»¶ã§äœ¿çšãããããšã§ãããäŸãã°éãã·ã€ã
ã¿ãŒé床ã®èŠæ±ãããã¹ããŒãåçãããã¯æã
åå Žå ã§ã®èå°åçãªã©ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§ããããã®ãã
ãªæ®åœ±ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ床ã®é«ãåçæå ææãèŠ
æ±ãããŠãããæå ææã®é«æ床åããã³åŠçã«
ããæ床å¢å ãè¡ãªãããŠããããã®åŠçã«ãã
æ床å¢å ã¯éåžžãå¢æåŠçããšåŒã°ããæšæºåŠç
ããçŸå液ã®çµæãå€æŽãããããŸãçŸå枩床ã
äžæããããããããã¯çŸåæéã延é·ããããš
ã«ããè¡ãªãããŠããã ããããªãããåŸæ¥ã®åçæå ææã¯å¿ ããã
ååãªå¢æåŠçé©æ§ãæãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã å¢æåŠçãè¡ãªã€ãå ŽåãæšæºåŠçããã®æ
床ã®å¢å å¹ ïŒä»¥äžãå¢æå¹ ãšèšãïŒãäžååã§
ãã€ãã åãæè²æ§ãæããä¹³å€å±€ãé«æ床局ãšäœæ
床局ã«åå²ããæ§æãæ¡çšããæå ææã«ãã
ãŠã¯ãäž¡å±€ã®å¢æå¹ ãç°ãªãããå¢æåŠçã®å Ž
åãæšæºåŠçã§ã®èª¿åïŒé調ïŒãšã¯ç°ãªããã®
ã§ãã€ãã ç¹ã«ã«ã©ãŒæå ææã«ãããŠã¯ãèµ€æå±€ãç·
æå±€ãéæå±€ã®å±€éã®å¢æå¹ ã®çžç°ã«ãããå¢
æåŠçãããšãã«ã«ã©ãŒãã©ã³ã¹ã®å£åãèµ·ã
ããã®ã§ãã€ããããã åŸã€ãŠãç¹ã«ã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææã«ãããŠãã
ã®å¢æåŠçé©æ§ãæ¹è¯ããããã«ã¯ãå¢æå¹ ã®å
å倧ããªããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ãéçºãããšãšã
ã«ãããã«ãã®å¢æå¹ ãåºãç¯å²ã«ããã€ãŠç²Ÿå¯
ã«èª¿ç¯ããæè¡ã®éçºãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããã ïŒçºæã®ç®çïŒ æ¬çºæã¯ãã®æè¡çèŠè«ã«å¯ŸããŠãªããããã®
ã§ããããã®ç®çã¯å¢æåŠçé©æ§ã®æ¹è¯ãããã«
ã©ãŒåçæå ææãæäŸããããšã§ãããããã«
å¢æå¹ ãåºãç¯å²ã«ããã€ãŠèªåšã«èª¿ç¯ãããæ
è¡ãæäŸããããšã§ããã å¢æå¹ ãèªåšã«èª¿ç¯ããããã«ã¯ããããæ¡å€§
ããæ段ãšãçž®å°ããæ段ãæããã°ãªããªãã
ããã²ã³åéã®æå æ³¢é·ã¯éè²å ãŸã§ã§ãããã
ã®æ床ãããã«é·æ³¢é·åã«ãŸã§åºããæ段ãšã
ãŠãããããå¢æè²çŽ ãçšããã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢ææ
è¡ã¯åœæ¥çã®åšç¥æè¡ã§ããããã®å¢æè²çŽ ã¯æ¬
çºæè ãã®ç 究ã®çµæãã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æã®ã¿ãªã
ãå¢æåŠçé©æ§ã«å¯ŸããŠå€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããããš
ãæãããšãªã€ããããªãã¡ãããçš®ã®å¢æè²çŽ
ãçšããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã§ã¯ãå¢æåŠçæã®å¢
æå¹ ã倧ããããŸãä»ã®ããçš®ã®å¢æè²çŽ ãçšã
ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã§ã¯å¢æå¹ ã¯å°ãããããã
ã€ãŠåè ã®ãããªå¢æè²çŽ ã§å¢æãããããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€ã«å¯ŸããŠãçŸåã«å¯ŸããŠæå¶çã«åãç©
質ãçµã¿ãããããšå¢æå¹ ãåºãç¯å²ã«ããã€ãŠ
èªåšã«èª¿ç¯ããããšãå¯èœã§ããããšäºæ³ãã
ããããããªããçŸåã«å¯ŸããŠæå¶çã«åãç©è³ª
ãšããŠã¯ãå¢æåŠçæã®ã¿æå¹ã«åãç©è³ªã§ã
ããæšæºåŠçæã«ã¯å šãæå¶äœçšã瀺ããªããã®
ãæãŸãããããªãã¡å¢æè²çŽ ãšçµã¿ããããŠäœ¿
çšããããšã«ããå¢æå¹ ãçž®å°ããäœçšãæã€
ããæšæºåŠçã§ã®åçæ床ã倧ããäœäžãããã
é調ã倧ããå€åãããªããã®ã§ãªããã°ãªã
ãããããèŠåºãããšã¯æ¥µããŠå°é£ã§ãã€ãã ïŒçºæã®æ§æïŒ æ¬çºæè ã¯ããã®èãæ¹ã§éææ€èšã®çµæãæ
æå±€äžã«çŸåã«å¯ŸããŠæå¶çã«åãç©è³ªã§ããäž
èšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæããååç©ãäž
è¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããå¢æè²çŽ ã§ã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢
æãããèµ€ææ§ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãšçµã¿ãããã
ããšã«ããåèšç®çãéæãããããšãèŠåºã
ãã æ¬çºæã¯ä¹³å€ç²åãšããŠè¡šé¢äœãšãŒãåã®æ²è
åéã奜ãŸãããããã«è©²ç²åã®æ·±ã200â«ãŸã§
ã®è¡šé¢ãããã¯äºè¡šé¢éšåã«ããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«
åœã10-7ã10-2ã¢ã«ã®æ²çŽ ã€ãªã³ãåžçããã
ã¯ãããã²ã³å€æãããŠå«æãããããšãããã«
é«ãèµ€æã 床ãåŸã€ã€ãåèšç®çãéæããããš
ãå¯èœã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠè¡šé¢äœãšãŒãåä¹³å€ãš
ã¯ãæ²èåéç²åã®è¡šé¢éšåã®æ²çŽ å«æéããç²
åå éšã®æ²çŽ å«æéã«æ¯ã¹ãŠäœãæ²èåéç²åã
ããªãä¹³å€ã®ããšãããããã詳现ã«ã¯ãšãŒãå«
éãïŒã10ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãïŒç²åå šäœïŒã§ïŒžç·å
ææ³ã«ãããŠãé«ãšãŒãå±€ã«ç±æ¥ããããŒã¯ãå
åšãããã€XPSæ³ïŒïŒžç·å é»ååå æ³ïŒã«ãã
ãŠè¡šé¢ãšãŒãå«éã0.5ãïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ã以äž
ã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ã§ããã 奜ãŸããã¯ããšãŒãå«éã1.5ãïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»
ã³ãã§ãç·åææ³ã«ãããŠãåãããé«ãšãŒã
å±€ãšäœãšãŒãå±€ã«ç±æ¥ããããŒã¯ãååšããã
ã€ãXPSæ³ïŒïŒžç·å é»ååå æ³ïŒã«ãããŠè¡šé¢
ãšãŒãå«éãïŒã3.5ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ã以äžã®æ²è
åéä¹³å€ã§ããã äžèšã®XPSæ³ã¯ããç¥ãããæ¹æ³ã§ãããã
ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠãšãŒãå«éã容æã«æ±ããããšã
ã§ãããæ¬æ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯è©³çŽ°ã«ã¯ãP.M.Kellyã
M.G.Masonã®J.Appl.Physics.ã47ïŒ11ïŒã4721â
4725ïŒ1976ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœ
ããç²åã®æ·±ã200A.ãŸã§ã®è¡šé¢ãããã¯äºè¡šé¢
éšåã«åžçãããã¯ããã²ã³å€æãããŠå«æãã
ããæ²çŽ ã€ãªã³éã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ããŠæ±ãããããª
ãã¡ãè¡šé¢ãã200AãŸã§ã®è¡šé¢ãããã¯äºè¡šé¢
ã«ãããŠå«æããæ²çŽ ã®éãããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«
åœããã¢ã«ãšããã 次ã«ãè¡šé¢ãã200Aã®äœçœ®ã§ã®æ²çŽ æ¿åºŠãã
è¡šé¢ãŸã§äžå®ã«ä¿æããããšä»®å®ãããšãããã®
è¡šé¢ãããã¯äºè¡šé¢ã«ãããŠå«æããæ²çŽ ã®éã
ããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœããã¢ã«ãšãããïŒïŒ¡â
ïŒã¢ã«å€ãããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœããç²åã®æ·±
ã200AãŸã§ã®è¡šé¢ãããã¯äºè¡šé¢éšåã«åžçã
ããã¯ããã²ã³å€æãããŠå«æããããæ²çŽ ã€ãª
ã³éãšããŠæ±ããã ç²åè¡šé¢ããç²åå éšæ¹åãžã®æ²çŽ æ¿åºŠååžã¯
åæ²ã®P.M.KellyãM.G.Masonã®J.Appl.
Physics.ã47ïŒ11ïŒã4721â4725ïŒ1976ïŒèšèŒã®æ¹
æ³ã«ããæ±ããããšãã§ããç²åè¡šé¢ç©ã¯BET
æ³ã«ããæ±ããããšãã§ãããäž¡è ã®å€ããïŒïŒ¡
âïŒå€ã¯å®¹æã«æ±ããããšãã§ãããäžèšã®
BETæ³ã¯ããç¥ãããæ¹æ³ã§ããã詳现ã«ã¯æ¥
æ¬ååŠç·šïŒå®éšååŠè¬åº§ïŒãçé¢ååŠãäžžåæ ªåŒ
äŒç€ŸïŒ1968ïŒãPP490ã«èšãããŠããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæããååç©ãå
ç¬ã§ææå±€äžã«æ·»å ããŠãã«ããªãæå¶ããæè¡
ã¯ç¹å ¬æ46â15471å·å ¬å ±ã«èšãããŠããããã
ãã¯ãäžèšååç©ã®åç¬ã®å¹æãè¿°ã¹ããã®ã«ã
ããããŸããå¢æåŠçé©æ§ã®æ¹è¯ã«é¢ããŠã¯å šã
è¿°ã¹ãããŠããªãããããã€ãŠäžèšçºæã¯æ¬çºæ
ãšã¯å šãç°ãªã€ããã®ã§ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ ããã§ãR1ã¯âORãâSRã
ããç¹ã«ãã®å¢æåŠçé©æ§ãæ¹è¯ããæè¡ã«é¢ã
ããã®ã§ããã ïŒåŸæ¥æè¡ïŒ ã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææã¯éåžžãæ¯æäœäžã«åã ç°
ãªãæè²æ§ïŒããã§æè²æ§ãšã¯å¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®
ïŒã€ã®é åãããªãã¡èµ€ãç·ãéã®ããããã®å
ã«æå ããæ§è³ªãããïŒãæã€å°ãªããšãïŒå±€ã®
ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãæããŠãããããããã®å±€
ã«ã¯ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãšè²çŽ 圢æã«ãã©ãŒãããª
ãã¡çºè²çŸååŠçã«ãããŠè³éŠæïŒçŽã¢ãã³çŸå
è¬ïŒäŸãã°ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³èªå°äœãã¢ããã
ãšããŒã«èªå°äœãªã©ïŒã®é žåäœãšã®ã«ãããªã³ã°
ã«ããçºè²ãããååç©ãæããŠããã ããŠãåçæå ææã¯ãé²å éã®æ¥µããŠå°ãªã
æ¡ä»¶ã§äœ¿çšãããããšã§ãããäŸãã°éãã·ã€ã
ã¿ãŒé床ã®èŠæ±ãããã¹ããŒãåçãããã¯æã
åå Žå ã§ã®èå°åçãªã©ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§ããããã®ãã
ãªæ®åœ±ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ床ã®é«ãåçæå ææãèŠ
æ±ãããŠãããæå ææã®é«æ床åããã³åŠçã«
ããæ床å¢å ãè¡ãªãããŠããããã®åŠçã«ãã
æ床å¢å ã¯éåžžãå¢æåŠçããšåŒã°ããæšæºåŠç
ããçŸå液ã®çµæãå€æŽãããããŸãçŸå枩床ã
äžæããããããããã¯çŸåæéã延é·ããããš
ã«ããè¡ãªãããŠããã ããããªãããåŸæ¥ã®åçæå ææã¯å¿ ããã
ååãªå¢æåŠçé©æ§ãæãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã å¢æåŠçãè¡ãªã€ãå ŽåãæšæºåŠçããã®æ
床ã®å¢å å¹ ïŒä»¥äžãå¢æå¹ ãšèšãïŒãäžååã§
ãã€ãã åãæè²æ§ãæããä¹³å€å±€ãé«æ床局ãšäœæ
床局ã«åå²ããæ§æãæ¡çšããæå ææã«ãã
ãŠã¯ãäž¡å±€ã®å¢æå¹ ãç°ãªãããå¢æåŠçã®å Ž
åãæšæºåŠçã§ã®èª¿åïŒé調ïŒãšã¯ç°ãªããã®
ã§ãã€ãã ç¹ã«ã«ã©ãŒæå ææã«ãããŠã¯ãèµ€æå±€ãç·
æå±€ãéæå±€ã®å±€éã®å¢æå¹ ã®çžç°ã«ãããå¢
æåŠçãããšãã«ã«ã©ãŒãã©ã³ã¹ã®å£åãèµ·ã
ããã®ã§ãã€ããããã åŸã€ãŠãç¹ã«ã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææã«ãããŠãã
ã®å¢æåŠçé©æ§ãæ¹è¯ããããã«ã¯ãå¢æå¹ ã®å
å倧ããªããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ãéçºãããšãšã
ã«ãããã«ãã®å¢æå¹ ãåºãç¯å²ã«ããã€ãŠç²Ÿå¯
ã«èª¿ç¯ããæè¡ã®éçºãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããã ïŒçºæã®ç®çïŒ æ¬çºæã¯ãã®æè¡çèŠè«ã«å¯ŸããŠãªããããã®
ã§ããããã®ç®çã¯å¢æåŠçé©æ§ã®æ¹è¯ãããã«
ã©ãŒåçæå ææãæäŸããããšã§ãããããã«
å¢æå¹ ãåºãç¯å²ã«ããã€ãŠèªåšã«èª¿ç¯ãããæ
è¡ãæäŸããããšã§ããã å¢æå¹ ãèªåšã«èª¿ç¯ããããã«ã¯ããããæ¡å€§
ããæ段ãšãçž®å°ããæ段ãæããã°ãªããªãã
ããã²ã³åéã®æå æ³¢é·ã¯éè²å ãŸã§ã§ãããã
ã®æ床ãããã«é·æ³¢é·åã«ãŸã§åºããæ段ãšã
ãŠãããããå¢æè²çŽ ãçšããã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢ææ
è¡ã¯åœæ¥çã®åšç¥æè¡ã§ããããã®å¢æè²çŽ ã¯æ¬
çºæè ãã®ç 究ã®çµæãã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æã®ã¿ãªã
ãå¢æåŠçé©æ§ã«å¯ŸããŠå€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããããš
ãæãããšãªã€ããããªãã¡ãããçš®ã®å¢æè²çŽ
ãçšããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã§ã¯ãå¢æåŠçæã®å¢
æå¹ ã倧ããããŸãä»ã®ããçš®ã®å¢æè²çŽ ãçšã
ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã§ã¯å¢æå¹ ã¯å°ãããããã
ã€ãŠåè ã®ãããªå¢æè²çŽ ã§å¢æãããããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€ã«å¯ŸããŠãçŸåã«å¯ŸããŠæå¶çã«åãç©
質ãçµã¿ãããããšå¢æå¹ ãåºãç¯å²ã«ããã€ãŠ
èªåšã«èª¿ç¯ããããšãå¯èœã§ããããšäºæ³ãã
ããããããªããçŸåã«å¯ŸããŠæå¶çã«åãç©è³ª
ãšããŠã¯ãå¢æåŠçæã®ã¿æå¹ã«åãç©è³ªã§ã
ããæšæºåŠçæã«ã¯å šãæå¶äœçšã瀺ããªããã®
ãæãŸãããããªãã¡å¢æè²çŽ ãšçµã¿ããããŠäœ¿
çšããããšã«ããå¢æå¹ ãçž®å°ããäœçšãæã€
ããæšæºåŠçã§ã®åçæ床ã倧ããäœäžãããã
é調ã倧ããå€åãããªããã®ã§ãªããã°ãªã
ãããããèŠåºãããšã¯æ¥µããŠå°é£ã§ãã€ãã ïŒçºæã®æ§æïŒ æ¬çºæè ã¯ããã®èãæ¹ã§éææ€èšã®çµæãæ
æå±€äžã«çŸåã«å¯ŸããŠæå¶çã«åãç©è³ªã§ããäž
èšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæããååç©ãäž
è¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããå¢æè²çŽ ã§ã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢
æãããèµ€ææ§ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãšçµã¿ãããã
ããšã«ããåèšç®çãéæãããããšãèŠåºã
ãã æ¬çºæã¯ä¹³å€ç²åãšããŠè¡šé¢äœãšãŒãåã®æ²è
åéã奜ãŸãããããã«è©²ç²åã®æ·±ã200â«ãŸã§
ã®è¡šé¢ãããã¯äºè¡šé¢éšåã«ããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«
åœã10-7ã10-2ã¢ã«ã®æ²çŽ ã€ãªã³ãåžçããã
ã¯ãããã²ã³å€æãããŠå«æãããããšãããã«
é«ãèµ€æã 床ãåŸã€ã€ãåèšç®çãéæããããš
ãå¯èœã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠè¡šé¢äœãšãŒãåä¹³å€ãš
ã¯ãæ²èåéç²åã®è¡šé¢éšåã®æ²çŽ å«æéããç²
åå éšã®æ²çŽ å«æéã«æ¯ã¹ãŠäœãæ²èåéç²åã
ããªãä¹³å€ã®ããšãããããã詳现ã«ã¯ãšãŒãå«
éãïŒã10ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãïŒç²åå šäœïŒã§ïŒžç·å
ææ³ã«ãããŠãé«ãšãŒãå±€ã«ç±æ¥ããããŒã¯ãå
åšãããã€XPSæ³ïŒïŒžç·å é»ååå æ³ïŒã«ãã
ãŠè¡šé¢ãšãŒãå«éã0.5ãïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ã以äž
ã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ã§ããã 奜ãŸããã¯ããšãŒãå«éã1.5ãïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»
ã³ãã§ãç·åææ³ã«ãããŠãåãããé«ãšãŒã
å±€ãšäœãšãŒãå±€ã«ç±æ¥ããããŒã¯ãååšããã
ã€ãXPSæ³ïŒïŒžç·å é»ååå æ³ïŒã«ãããŠè¡šé¢
ãšãŒãå«éãïŒã3.5ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ã以äžã®æ²è
åéä¹³å€ã§ããã äžèšã®XPSæ³ã¯ããç¥ãããæ¹æ³ã§ãããã
ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠãšãŒãå«éã容æã«æ±ããããšã
ã§ãããæ¬æ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯è©³çŽ°ã«ã¯ãP.M.Kellyã
M.G.Masonã®J.Appl.Physics.ã47ïŒ11ïŒã4721â
4725ïŒ1976ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœ
ããç²åã®æ·±ã200A.ãŸã§ã®è¡šé¢ãããã¯äºè¡šé¢
éšåã«åžçãããã¯ããã²ã³å€æãããŠå«æãã
ããæ²çŽ ã€ãªã³éã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ããŠæ±ãããããª
ãã¡ãè¡šé¢ãã200AãŸã§ã®è¡šé¢ãããã¯äºè¡šé¢
ã«ãããŠå«æããæ²çŽ ã®éãããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«
åœããã¢ã«ãšããã 次ã«ãè¡šé¢ãã200Aã®äœçœ®ã§ã®æ²çŽ æ¿åºŠãã
è¡šé¢ãŸã§äžå®ã«ä¿æããããšä»®å®ãããšãããã®
è¡šé¢ãããã¯äºè¡šé¢ã«ãããŠå«æããæ²çŽ ã®éã
ããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœããã¢ã«ãšãããïŒïŒ¡â
ïŒã¢ã«å€ãããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœããç²åã®æ·±
ã200AãŸã§ã®è¡šé¢ãããã¯äºè¡šé¢éšåã«åžçã
ããã¯ããã²ã³å€æãããŠå«æããããæ²çŽ ã€ãª
ã³éãšããŠæ±ããã ç²åè¡šé¢ããç²åå éšæ¹åãžã®æ²çŽ æ¿åºŠååžã¯
åæ²ã®P.M.KellyãM.G.Masonã®J.Appl.
Physics.ã47ïŒ11ïŒã4721â4725ïŒ1976ïŒèšèŒã®æ¹
æ³ã«ããæ±ããããšãã§ããç²åè¡šé¢ç©ã¯BET
æ³ã«ããæ±ããããšãã§ãããäž¡è ã®å€ããïŒïŒ¡
âïŒå€ã¯å®¹æã«æ±ããããšãã§ãããäžèšã®
BETæ³ã¯ããç¥ãããæ¹æ³ã§ããã詳现ã«ã¯æ¥
æ¬ååŠç·šïŒå®éšååŠè¬åº§ïŒãçé¢ååŠãäžžåæ ªåŒ
äŒç€ŸïŒ1968ïŒãPP490ã«èšãããŠããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæããååç©ãå
ç¬ã§ææå±€äžã«æ·»å ããŠãã«ããªãæå¶ããæè¡
ã¯ç¹å ¬æ46â15471å·å ¬å ±ã«èšãããŠããããã
ãã¯ãäžèšååç©ã®åç¬ã®å¹æãè¿°ã¹ããã®ã«ã
ããããŸããå¢æåŠçé©æ§ã®æ¹è¯ã«é¢ããŠã¯å šã
è¿°ã¹ãããŠããªãããããã€ãŠäžèšçºæã¯æ¬çºæ
ãšã¯å šãç°ãªã€ããã®ã§ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ ããã§ãR1ã¯âORãâSRã
ãåŒããè¡šã
ããããã³Râ²ã¯ããããããæ°ŽçŽ ååãççŽ
æ°ïŒã12ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãããããã·ã¢ã«ãã«åºã
ã¹ã«ãã¢ã«ãã«ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒåºãã«ã«ããã·
ã«ã¢ã«ãã«ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒåºãã¢ã©ã«ãã«åºã
ãŸãã¯ã¹ã«ãïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒâãã«ã«ããã·ã«
ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒâãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«âã
ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·âãããã¯ããã²ã³â
ã®çœ®æåºããã€ããããã¯ãããªãççŽ æ°ïŒã12
ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºããŸãã¯ã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºã瀺ãã
ãŸãã¯ïŒ²ããã³Râ²ããšãã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ç°ããã
ã¯ââãå«ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ç°ã圢æããŠããŠãã
ãã R2ãR3ãR4ããã³R5ã¯ããããããæ°ŽçŽ åå
ãŸãã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šããã Y1ãY2ãY3ããã³Y4ã¯ããããããççŽ æ°ïŒ
ã12ã®ããªã¡ãã¬ã³åºãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«
åºã§çœ®æãããççŽ æ°ïŒã12ã®ããªã¡ãã¬ã³åºãŸ
ãã¯ã¹ã«ãïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒâãã«ã«ããã·ã«
ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒâãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«âã
ããã¯ããã²ã³âã®çœ®æåºããã€ããããã¯ãã
ãªãã¢ãªã¬ã³åºããŸãã¯ã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³åºãè¡š
ããã ã¯ââãâSO2âãŸãã¯âCH2âãè¡šããã ïœããã³ïœã¯ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒãè¡šããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ åŒäžãã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãããã¯çœ®æ
ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããR1ãR2ã¯ããããåäžãŸ
ãã¯ç°ã€ãŠããŠããããã¢ã«ãã«åºã眮æã¢ã«ã
ã«åºãŸãã¯ã¢ãªã«åºãè¡šãããäœããR1ãR2ã®
ãã¡ãå°ããšãïŒã€ã¯é žçœ®æåºïŒäŸãã°ãã¹ã«ã
åºãã«ã«ããã·ã«åºãªã©ïŒãæããã¢ã«ãã«åºã§
ããã ããã³ïŒ¹ã¯ããããåäžãŸãã¯ç°ã€ãŠããŠã
ãããæ°ŽçŽ ååãããã²ã³ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã
ãããã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãã¢ã·ã«åºãã¢ã·ã«ãª
ãã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«
åºãããã¯çœ®æã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«
åºãããã¯çœ®æã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãã·ã¢ãåºãã«
ã«ããã·ã«åºãã¹ã«ãåºãããªãã«ãªãã¡ãã«
åºãããšãã«åºãŸãã¯ãã³ãŸçž®åç°ãè¡šãããäœ
ãããŸãã¯ïŒ¹ã®å°ããšãïŒã€ã¯ããããã·åºã
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãŸãã¯ã«
ã«ããã·ã«åºãè¡šããã ã¯ã¢ããªã³ãè¡šãããïœã¯ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒãè¡šã
ããè²çŽ ãååå å¡©ã圢æãããšãã¯ïœïŒïŒã§ã
ãã 次ã«æ¬çºæã«çšããããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ã
åäœãæããååç©ã®ä»£è¡šçãªãã®ã瀺ãããæ¬
çºæã«çšããååç©ããããã«éå®ããããã®ã§
ã¯ãªãã 次ã«ãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã説æããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããå¢æè²çŽ ã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«
ãããŠãå眮æåºã§å¥œãŸããã¯äžèšã®çœ®æåºãçš
ããããã å³ã¡ãã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ç¡çœ®æã¢
ã«ãã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºããããã«
åºãããã«åºããã³ãã«åºãããã·ã³åºãªã©ïŒãŸ
ãã¯çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒçœ®æåºãšããŠãäŸãã°ãã
ã²ã³ååãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããããã·åºãã«ã«ã
ãã·ã«åºãããšãã«åºããªã©ïŒ R1ãR2ã¯ããããåäžãŸãã¯ç°ã€ãŠããŠãã
ããççŽ æ°12以äžã®ç¡çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡
ãã«åºããšãã«åºããããã«åºãããã«åºããã³
ãã«åºãããã·ã«åºããªã¯ãã«åºãªã©ïŒãŸãã¯çœ®
æã¢ã«ãã«åºïœçœ®æåºãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ã«ã«ãã
ã·ã«åºãã¹ã«ãåºãããããã·åºãã·ã¢ãåºãã
ãã²ã³ååïŒäŸãã°ããçŽ ååãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ
ååãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒäŸãã°
ã¡ããã·åºããšããã·åºããã³ãžã«ãªãã·åºãã
ãšããã«ãªãã·åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ã³ã
ã·ã«ã«ããã«åºïŒäŸãã°ãã¡ããã·ã«ã«ããã«
åºããšããã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãããšããã·ã«ã«ãã
ã«åºããã³ãžã«ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°
10以äžã®ã¢ãªãŒã«ãªãã·åºïŒäŸãã°ããšããã·
åºãïœâããªã«ãªãã·åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢
ã·ã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¢ã»ãã«åºãããããªãã«åºãã
ã³ãŸã€ã«åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®çœ®æãŸãã¯ç¡çœ®
æã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãïŒäŸãã°ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã
âãžã¡ãã«ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ã«ããªãã«ã«ã
ãã«åºããããªãžãã«ã«ããã«åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒ
以äžã®ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«
åºãïŒïŒ®âãžã¡ãã«ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ã«ã
ãªãã¹ã«ããã«åºããããªãžãã¹ã«ããã«åºãª
ã©ïŒççŽ æ°10以äžã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒäŸãã°ããšãã«
åºãïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«åºãïŒâãããããšãã«
åºãïŒâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºãïŒâã«ã«ããã·ã«ã
ãšãã«åºãαâãããã«åºãªã©ïŒïœãè¡šãããäœ
ããR1ãR2ã®ãã¡å°ããšãïŒã€ã¯ãã¹ã«ãåºã
ãŸãã¯ã«ã«ããã·ã«åºãæããã ããã³ïŒ¹ã¯ããããåäžãŸãã¯ç°ã€ãŠããŠã
ãããæ°ŽçŽ ååãããã²ã³ååïŒäŸãã°ããçŽ å
åãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååãªã©ïŒãççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®
ã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãããã
ã«åºãããã«åºãªã©ïŒããããã·åºãççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥
äžã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡ããã·ã«
ã«ããã«åºããšããã·ã«ã«ããã«åºããã³ãžã«ãª
ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã·ã«åº
ïŒäŸãã°ã¢ã»ãã«åºãããããªãã«åºããã³ãŸã€
ã«åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã·ã«ãªãã·åºïŒäŸã
ã°ã¢ã»ããã·åºãããããªãã«ãªãã·åºããã³ãŸ
ã€ã«ãªãã·åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·
ïŒäŸãã°ã¡ããã·åºããšããã·åºããããããã·
åºãããããã·åºããã³ãžã«ãªãã·åºãªã©ïŒççŽ
æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãããã¯çœ®æã«ã«ãã¢
ã€ã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºããâãžã¡ã
ã«ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ã«ããªãã«ã«ããã«åºãª
ã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãããã¯çœ®
æã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºã
ïŒïŒ®âãžã¡ãã«ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ãªããªã
ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãªã©ïŒã·ã¢ãåºãã«ã«ããã·ã«
åºãã¹ã«ãåºãããªãã«ãªãã¡ãã«åºãããšãã«
åºãããã¯ãã³ãŸçž®åç°ãè¡šãããäœããã
ã®å°ããšãïŒã€ã¯ããããã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºã
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ã«åºãè¡šã
ãã æ¬çºæã¯äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ãã€ãŠè¡šããããè²çŽ
ã®å ·äœäŸãäŸç€ºãããããããããã®ã¿ã«éå®ã
ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã æ¬çºæã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããç¹°ãè¿ãå
äœãæããååç©ã¯ãå ¬ç¥ã®ãã®ã§ãããç¹å ¬æ
46â15471å·å ¬å ±ã«èšèŒãããŠããæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠ
容æã«åæããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãå ¬
ç¥ã§ããåŸæ¥ããç¥ãããæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠå®¹æã«å
æããããšãã§ãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2704718å·æ现æžãå第2704714å·æ现æžãªã©ã«èš
èŒãããŠããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæããååç©ã®æ·»
å éã¯ãç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªãããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€
ã«çšããå Žåã¯ã0.01ã50ïœïŒã¢ã«Agãä¿è·å±€
ãŸãã¯äžéå±€ã«çšããå Žåã¯ãç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªã
ãã0.05ã250ïœïŒKgãŒã©ãã³ã奜ãŸããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ååç©ã®æ·»å éã¯ãç¹ã«å¶éã¯
ãªãããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ã«çšããå Žåã¯ãïŒ
Ã10-5ãïŒÃ10-3ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã奜ãŸããã ãŸããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæããåå
ç©ã¯äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ååç©ã§å¢æãããä¹³å€ãšå
äžä¹³å€å±€ã«çšããã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããããä»ã®å±€ã«
䜿çšããŠãããããŸãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœ
ãæããååç©ã¯çŸååŠç液äžã«çšããŠãããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæããååç©ãäž
è¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã¯ãåžžçšã®æ¹æ³ã«
ãã€ãŠåçä¹³å€äžã«å«æãããããšãã§ãããé
åžžã¯ã¡ã¿ããŒã«ããšã¿ããŒã«ãæ°Žãã¡ãã«ã»ããœ
ã«ããæ°Žã«å¯æº¶ã§ããã±ãã³é¡ãªã©ã®æº¶åªã«ãšã
ããŠä¹³å€ãå ãããæ·»å ããææã¯ä¹³å€è£œé å·¥çš
äžãããªã段éã§ãè¯ãã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããå¢æè²çŽ ã¯ä»ã®å¢æè²
çŽ äŸãã°ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãè€å
ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãè€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãããããŒ
ã©ãŒã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãããã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¹ããªã«
è²çŽ ããã³ãããªããœããŒã«è²çŽ ãªã©ãšçµã¿åã
ãŠçšããŠããããå¢æè²çŽ ã®çµã¿åããã¯ç¹ã«åŒ·
è²å¢æã®ç®çã§ãã°ãã°çšãããããäžè¬åŒ
ïŒïŒã®å¢æè²çŽ ãšçµã¿åãããŠäœ¿çšãããå¢æ
è²çŽ ãšããŠäžèšã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããè²çŽ ã
ããã ïŒããã§ãY5ã¯é žçŽ ååãŸãã¯ã€ãªãŠååãè¡š
ãããX3ããã³X4ã¯ã€ãªãŠååãŸãã¯ã»ã¬ã³å
åãè¡šãããZ3ããã³Z4ã¯ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãŸãã¯ãã
ã¿ã¬ã³ç°ã圢æããã«å¿ èŠãªééå±åå矀ãè¡šã
ããR11ããã³R12ã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ãã«åº
ãŸãã¯ãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãå¡©çŽ å
åãããçŽ ååãããã¯ããšãã«åºã«ãã€ãŠçœ®æ
ãããççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããR13
ããã³R14ã¯ççŽ æ°10以äžã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãŸãã¯ã¹
ã«ããªåºãããããã·åºãã«ã«ããã·åºãã«ã«ã
ã¢ã€ã«åºãã¹ã«ããªããšãã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ããš
ãã«åºãããã¯ããã²ã³ååã§çœ®æãããççŽ æ°
ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šããã 次ã«ãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã®ãã¡
奜ãŸãããã®ãäžè¬åŒïŒâïŒããã³ïŒâ
ïŒã«ãã€ãŠè¡šããã ããã㯠ããã§Y6ããã³Y7ã¯é žçŽ ååãããã¯ã€ãªãŠ
ååã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯é žçŽ ååã§ããã R22ãR23ãR28ããã³R29ã¯ãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒ
ã®äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®äœ
çŽã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãå¡©çŽ ååãããçŽ ååãããšã
ã«åºã§çœ®æãããŠããŠããããïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ãã¢
ã«ã³ãã·åºã§çœ®æãããã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãããïŒ
R24ãR25ãR30ããã³R31ã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¹ã«
ãã¢ã«ãã«åºãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®ã«ã«ããã·ã¢ã«
ãã«åºãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®ããããã·ã¢ã«ãã«
åºãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®ç¡çœ®æã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãæ
ããã¢ã«ãã«åºãççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åº
ãè¡šãããäœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯ãããçŽ ååãã¯ã
ã«ååãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããšã
ã«åºãã¹ã«ããªããšãã«åºã§çœ®æãããŠããŠãã
ãã R26ãR27ãR32ããã³R33ã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååãå¡©çŽ
ååãèçŽ ååãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«
åºãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®äœçŽã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãã«ã«ã
ãã·åºããããã·åºãççŽ ç·æ°ãïŒããïŒã®ã¢ã«
ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãã¢ã·ã«åºéšåã®ççŽ æ°ãïŒ
ããïŒã®ã¢ã·ã«ã¢ããåºãããšãã«åºãè¡šããã
ããšãã«åºã¯ãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååãççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥
äžã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºã§
眮æãããŠããŠããããR22ãR23ãR28ããã³
R29ã¯åäžã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠãããã ãŸããR26ãR27ãR32ããã³R33ã¯åäžã§ãç°
ã€ãŠããŠãããã ãŸããR24ãR25ãR30ããã³R31ãšããŠã¯ã¡ã
ã«åºããšãã«åºãã¹ã«ããªãããã«åºããéžã°ã
ãåºãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã X7ãX8ãX9ããã³X10ã¯ã€ãªãŠååãŸãã¯ã»
ã¬ã³ååã§ããåäžã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠãããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããè²çŽ ã®å ·äœäŸãšããŠã
以äžã®ãã®ããããããããããã®ã¿ã«éå®ãã
ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããå¢æè²çŽ ã¯ã¢ã«æ¯ã§
äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã®1/5ã1/200çš
ããããããšã奜ãŸãã1/10ã1/100çšãããã
ããšãæŽã«å¥œãŸããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠããã²ã³åéç²åè¡šé¢ã«åžçã
ããã¯ããã²ã³å€æã«ããååšããããæ²çŽ ã€ãª
ã³ã®æ·»å ãå€ããããšãããã²ã³åéç²åã®åºæ
æžæã倧ãããªããè²å¢æåŸãæ床ãäœäžããæ¬
ç¹ãçããããããã²ã³åéç²åã®çŸåé床ãé
ããªãæ¬ ç¹ãçããããšãããããŸãæ²çŽ ã€ãªã³
ã®æ·»å éãå°ãªããããšãå¢æè²çŽ ã®åžçãåå
ä¿é²ãããæ床ãäœäžããããããã€ãŠãæ²çŽ ã€
ãªã³ã®æ·»å éã¯äžè¿°ã®ããšãæ¬ ç¹ã®çããããšã®
å°ãªãç¯å²ãéžæããããšã奜ãŸããããã®ãã
ãªç¹ãããããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœãã«åžçããã
ã¯ããã²ã³å€æãããŠååšããããæ²çŽ ã€ãªã³ãš
ããŠã¯10-7ã10-2ã¢ã«ã奜ãŸããã10-6ã10-3ã¢
ã«ãããã«å¥œãŸãããæ²çŽ ã€ãªã³ã¯æ²åãããªãŠ
ã ãæ²åã«ãªãŠã ãæ²åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãªã©ã®æ°Žæº¶
液ãšããŠæ·»å ãããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæ
ããååç©ããã³ãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããå
åç©ããã³ãæ²çŽ ã€ãªã³ã®æ·»å ã®é åºã«ã¯ç¹ã«å¶
éã¯ãªãã ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ãããè¡šé¢äœãšãŒãåã®æ²èå
éç²åãšã¯æ²èåéç²åã®è¡šé¢éšåã®æ²çŽ å«æé
ãç²åå éšã®æ²çŽ å«æéã«æ¯ã¹ãŠäœãæ²èåéç²
åã®ããšãæå³ããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ã«ã¯ããã²
ã³åéãšããŠèåéãæ²èåéãæ²å¡©èåéãå¡©
èåéããã³å¡©åéã®ããããçšããŠãããã åçä¹³å€äžã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãç«æ¹äœãå «
é¢äœã®ãããªèŠåçïŒregularïŒãªçµæ¶äœãæã
ããã®ã§ãããããŸãçç¶ãæ¿ç¶ãªã©ã®ãããªå€
åçïŒirregularïŒãªçµæ¶åœ¢ããã€ãã®ãããã
ã¯ãããã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®è€å圢ããã€ãã®ã§ãããã
çš®ã ã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®ç²åã®æ··åããæã€ãŠãããã ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯æœåãäž»ãšããŠè¡šé¢ã«åœ¢æ
ããããããªç²åã§ããããç²åå éšã«äž»ãšããŠ
圢æããããããªç²åã§ãã€ãŠãããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããåçä¹³å€ã¯P.Glafkidesè
Chimie et Physique PhotographiqueïŒPaul
Montel瀟åã1967幎ïŒãG.F.Duffinè
Photographic Emulsion ChemistryïŒThe Focal
Pressåã1966幎ïŒãV.L.Zelikman et alè
Makig and Coating Photographic Emulsion
ïŒThe Focal Pressåã1964幎ïŒãªã©ã«èšèŒãã
ãæ¹æ³ãçšããŠèª¿è£œããããšãã§ãããããªã
ã¡ãé žæ§æ³ãäžæ§æ³ãã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢æ³çã®ãããã§
ãããããŸãå¯æº¶æ§éå¡©ãšå¯æº¶æ§ããã²ã³å¡©ãå
å¿ããã圢åŒãšããŠã¯çåŽæ··åæ³ãåææ··åæ³ã
ãããã®çµåããªã©ã®ããããçšããŠãããã ç²åãéã€ãªã³éå°ã®äžã«ãããŠåœ¢æãããæ¹
æ³ïŒããããéæ··åæ³ïŒãçšããããšãã§ããã
åææ··åæ³ã®äžã€ã®åœ¢åŒãšããŠããã²ã³åéã®ç
æããã液çžäžã®pAgãäžå®ã«ä¿ã€æ¹æ³ãããªã
ã¡ããããã³ã³ãããŒã«ãã»ããã«ãžãšããæ³ã
çšããããšãã§ããã ãã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããšãçµæ¶åœ¢ãèŠåçã«ç²åãµã€
ãºãåäžã«è¿ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãããããã å¥ã ã«åœ¢æããïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã
æ··åããŠçšããŠãããã ããã²ã³åéç²å圢æãŸãã¯ç©ççæã®éçšã«
ãããŠãã«ãããŠã å¡©ãäºéå¡©ãéå¡©ãã¿ãªãŠã
å¡©ãã€ãªãžãŠã å¡©ãŸãã¯ãã®é¯å¡©ãããžãŠã å¡©ãŸ
ãã¯ãé¯å¡©ãéå¡©ãŸãã¯éé¯å¡©ãéå¡©ãŸãã¯éé¯
å¡©ãªã©ãå ±åãããŠãããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããåçä¹³å€ã«ã¯ãæå ææã®
補é å·¥çšãä¿åäžãããã¯åçåŠçäžã®ã«ããªã
é²æ¢ããããã¯åçæ§èœãå®å®åãããç®çã§ã
çš®ã ã®ååç©ãå«æãããããšãã§ãããããªã
ã¡ã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ããšãã°ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã å¡©ãã
ããã€ã³ããŸãŒã«é¡ãããããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«
é¡ãã¯ãããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«é¡ãããã¢ãã³ãº
ã€ãããŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«
ã«ãããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãºã€
ãããŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¢
ããããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã
ãããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸ
ãŒã«é¡ïŒç¹ã«ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâã¡ã«ã«ãããã
ã©ãŸãŒã«ïŒãªã©ïŒã¡ã«ã«ããããªããžã³é¡ïŒã¢ã¶
ã€ã³ãã³é¡ãããšãã°ããªã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ããã
ã©ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒç¹ã«ïŒâããããã·çœ®æ
ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ3aïŒïŒïŒããã©ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒããã³
ã¿ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ãªã©ïŒãã³ãŒã³ããªã¹ã«ããªã³
é žããã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žããã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ããªã³
é žã¢ããçã®ãããªã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãŸãã¯å®å®å€ãš
ããŠç¥ãããå€ãã®ååç©ãå ããããšãã§ã
ããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±3954474å·ãå3982947å·ãç¹
å ¬æ52â28660å·ã«èšèŒããããã®ãçšããããš
ãã§ããã æ²æŸ±åœ¢æåŸãããã¯ç©ççæåŸã®ä¹³å€ããå¯æº¶
æ§å¡©é¡ãé€å»ããããã«ã¯ãŒã©ãã³ãã²ã«åãã
ãŠè¡ãªãããŒãã«æ°ŽæŽæ³ãçšããŠãããããŸãç¡
æ©éé¡ãã¢ããªã³æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã¢ããªã³æ§ããªã
ãŒïŒããšãã°ããªã¹ãã¬ã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žïŒãããã
ã¯ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœïŒããšãã°ã¢ã·ã«åãŒã©ãã³ã
ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åãŒã©ãã³ãªã©ïŒãå©çšããæ²éæ³
ïŒããããŠã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ïŒãçšããŠãããã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ãéåžžã¯ååŠå¢æãããã
ååŠå¢æã®ããã«ã¯ãäŸãã°H.Frieserç·šDie
Grundlager der Photographischen Prozesse
mit SilberhalogenidenïŒAkrdemische
Verlagsgesellschaft.1968ïŒ675ã734é ã«èšèŒã®
æ¹æ³ãçšããããšãã§ããã ããªãã¡ã掻æ§ãŒã©ãã³ãéãšåå¿ãåŸãç¡«é»
ãå«ãååç©ïŒäŸãã°ãããªç¡«é žå¡©ãããªå°¿çŽ
é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ããååç©é¡ãããŒããã³é¡ïŒãçšã
ãç¡«é»å¢ææ³ïŒéå æ§ç©è³ªïŒäŸãã°ã第äžãã
å¡©ãã¢ãã³é¡ãããã©ãžã³èªå°äœããã«ã ã¢ããž
ã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žãã·ã©ã³ååç©ïŒãçšããéå å¢
ææ³ïŒè²Žéå±ååç©ïŒäŸãã°ãéé¯å¡©ã®ã»ãã
PtãIrãPdãªã©ã®åšæåŸè¡šæã®éå±ã®é¯å¡©ïŒ
ãçšãã貎éå±å¢ææ³ãªã©ãåç¬ãŸãã¯çµåããŠ
çšããããšãã§ããã ãããã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãç¡«é»å¢ææ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±ç¬¬1574944å·ãå第2410689å·ãå第2278947
å·ãå第2728668å·ãå第3656955å·çãéå å¢æ
æ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2983609å·ãå第2419974
å·ãå第4054458å·çã貎éå±å¢ææ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2399083å·ãå第2448060å·ãè±åœç¹èš±
第618061å·çã®åæ现æžã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ã«ã¯æ床äž
æãã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãäžæããŸãã¯çŸåä¿é²ã®ç®ç
ã§ãäŸãã°ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããŸãã¯ãã®ãš
ãŒãã«ããšã¹ãã«ãã¢ãã³ãªã©ã®èªå°äœãããªãš
ãŒãã«ååç©ãããªã¢ã«ããªãªã³é¡ãåçŽã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã å¡©ååç©ããŠã¬ã¿ã³èªå°äœãå°¿çŽ èªå°äœã
ã€ãããŸãŒã«èªå°äœãïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³é¡çãå«
ãã§ããããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±2400532å·ãå
2423549å·ãå2716062å·ãå3617280å·ãå
3772021å·ãå3808003å·ãè±åœç¹èš±1488991å·ç
ã«èšèŒããããã®ãçšããããšãã§ããã åçä¹³å€ã®çµåå€ãŸãã¯ä¿è·ã³ãã€ããšããŠ
ã¯ããŒã©ãã³ãçšããã®ãæå©ã§ãããããã以
å€ã®æ°æ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããçšããããšãã§ããã ããšãã°ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœããŒã©ãã³ãšä»ã®é«å
åãšã®ã°ã©ããããªããŒãã¢ã«ããã³ãã«ãŒã€ã³
çã®èçœè³ªïŒããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã«ã«
ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã»ã«ããŒãºç¡«é žãšã¹ã
ã«é¡çã®åŠãã»ã«ããŒã¹èªå°äœãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãœãŒ
ãã柱ç²èªå°äœãªã©ã®ç³èªå°äœïŒããªããã«ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ãããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«éšåã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã«ã
ããªââããã«ãããªãã³ãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žã
ããªã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããªã
ãã«ã€ãããŸãŒã«ãããªããã«ãã©ãŸãŒã«çã®å
äžãããã¯å ±éåäœã®åŠãå€éã®åæ芪氎æ§é«å
åç©è³ªãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ã«ã¯è²åœ¢æ
ã«ãã©ãŒãããªãã¡çºè²çŸååŠçã«ãããŠè³éŠæ
ïŒçŽã¢ãã³çŸåè¬ïŒäŸãã°ãããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³
èªå°äœããã¢ããããšããŒã«èªå°äœãªã©ïŒãšã®é ž
åã«ãããªã³ã°ã«ãã€ãŠçºè²ãããååç©ãäŸã
ã°ãããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠãïŒâãã©ãŸãã³ã«
ãã©ãŒããã©ãŸããã³ãã€ãããŸãŒã«ã«ãã©ãŒã
ãžã¢ãã¢ã»ãã«ã¯ããã³ã«ãã©ãŒãééã¢ã·ã«ã¢
ã»ããããªã«ã«ãã©ãŒçããããã€ãšããŒã«ãã©
ãŒãšããŠãã¢ã·ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããã«ãã©ãŒïŒäŸãã°
ãã³ãŸã€ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãé¡ããããã€ã«ã¢ã»ã
ã¢ããªãé¡ïŒãçããããã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠã
ããããŒã«ã«ãã©ãŒãããã³ããšããŒã«ã«ãã©
ãŒãçãããããããã®ã«ãã©ãŒã¯ååäžã«ãã©
ã¹ãåºãšãã°ããçæ°Žåºãæããéæ¡æ£ã®ãã®ã
æãŸãããã«ãã©ãŒã¯éã€ãªã³ã«å¯ŸãïŒåœéæ§ã
ããã¯ïŒåœéæ§ã®ã©ã¡ãã§ãããããŸãè²è£æ£ã®
å¹æããã€ã«ã©ãŒãã«ãã©ãŒããããã¯çŸåã«ãš
ããªã€ãŠçŸåæå¶å€ãæŸåºããã«ãã©ãŒïŒããã
ãDIRã«ãã©ãŒïŒã§ãã€ãŠãããã ãŸãDIRã«ãã©ãŒä»¥å€ã«ããã«ãããªã³ã°åå¿
ã®çæç©ãç¡è²ã§ãã€ãŠçŸåæå¶å€ãæŸåºããç¡
åè²DIRã«ãããªã³ã°ååç©ãå«ãã§ãããã ã«ãã©ãŒãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ã«å°å ¥ããã«ã¯
å ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ããšãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±2322027å·ã«èšèŒã®
æ¹æ³ãªã©ãçšãããããããšãã°ãã¿ãŒã«é žã¢ã«
ãã«ãšã¹ãã«ïŒãžããã«ãã¿ã¬ãŒãããžãªã¯ãã«
ãã¿ã¬ãŒããªã©ïŒããªã³é žãšã¹ãã«ïŒãžããšãã«
ããªã¹ããšãŒããããªããšãã«ããªã¹ããšãŒãã
ããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ããªã¹ããšãŒãããžãªã¯ãã«ããã«
ããªã¹ããšãŒãïŒãã¯ãšã³é žãšã¹ãã«ïŒããšãã°
ã¢ã»ãã«ã¯ãšã³é žããªããã«ïŒãå®æ¯éŠé žãšã¹ã
ã«ïŒããšãã°å®æ¯éŠé žãªã¯ãã«ïŒãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã
ãïŒããšãã°ãžãšãã«ã©ãŠã«ã¢ããïŒãèèªé žãš
ã¹ãã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ãžãããã·ãšãã«ãµã¯ã·ããŒ
ãããžãªã¯ãã«ã¢ãŒã¬ãŒãïŒãããªã¡ã·ã³é žãšã¹
ãã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ããªã¡ã·ã³é žããªããã«ïŒãª
ã©ããŸãã¯æ²žç¹çŽ30âä¹è³150âã®ææ©æº¶åªãã
ãšãã°é ¢é žãšãã«ãé ¢é žããã«ã®ããšãäœçŽã¢ã«
ãã«ã¢ã»ããŒããããããªã³é žãšãã«ãïŒçŽãã
ã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãã¡ãã«ã€ãœããã«ã±ãã³ãβâãš
ããã·ãšãã«ã¢ã»ããŒããã¡ãã«ã»ããœã«ãã»ã
ãŒãçã«æº¶è§£ããã®ã¡ã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãã«åæ£ã
ãããäžèšã®é«æ²žç¹ææ©æº¶åªãšäœæ²žç¹ææ©æº¶åªãš
ãæ··åããŠçšããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®ã«ã©ãŒæå ææã«ã¯ããã®ä»çš®ã ã®å ¬
ç¥ã®æ·»å å€ãäŸãã°ãææã硬èå€ãçé¢æŽ»æ§
å€ãéè²é²æ¢å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€ãUVåžåå€ããã
ãå€ãè¢å å¢çœå€ããæããããšãã§ããã ãããã®å ·äœäŸã«ã€ããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãªãµãŒãã»
ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒResearch DisclosureïŒ
176å·ãRDâ17643ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã«ãããŠåçä¹³å€å±€ãã®
ä»ã®å±€ã¯åçæå ææã«éåžžçšããããŠãããã©
ã¹ããã¯ãã€ã«ã ãçŽãåžãªã©ã®å¯ææ§æ¯æäœã«
å¡åžããããå¯ææ§æ¯æäœãšããŠæçšãªãã®ã¯ã
ç¡é žã»ã«ããŒã¹ãé ¢é žã»ã«ããŒã¹ãé ¢é žé ªé žã»ã«
ããŒã¹ãããªã¹ãã¬ã³ãããªå¡©åããã«ãããªãš
ãã¬ã³ãã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒããããªã«ãŒãããŒãçã®å
åæãŸãã¯åæé«ååããæããã€ã«ã ããã©ã€
ã¿å±€ãŸãã¯Î±âãªã¬ãã€ã³ããªããŒïŒäŸãã°ããª
ãšãã¬ã³ãããªãããã¬ã³ããšãã¬ã³ïŒããã³å ±
éåäœïŒçãå¡åžãŸãã¯ã©ãããŒãããçŽçã§ã
ããæ¯æäœã¯ææãé¡æãçšããŠçè²ãããŠãã
ããé®å ã®ç®çã§é»è²ã«ããŠãããããããã®æ¯
æäœã®è¡šé¢ã¯äžè¬ã«ãåçä¹³å€å±€çãšã®æ¥çãã
ãããããã«äžå¡åŠçããããæ¯æäœè¡šé¢ã¯äžå¡
åŠçã®åãŸãã¯åŸã«ãã³ããæŸé»ã玫å€ç·ç §å°ã
ç«çåŠççãæœããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒæå ææãšããŠã¯
å ·äœçã«ã¯ãã«ã©ãŒãã¬ãã€ã«ã ãã«ã©ãŒå転ã
ã€ã«ã ãªã©ã®æ®åœ±çšã«ã©ãŒãã€ã«ã ã®ä»ã«ã©ãŒã
ãŒããŒãªã©ã®ããªã³ãçšææãªã©ãæããããšã
ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã®åçåŠçã«ã¯ãäŸãã°ãªãµ
ãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒResearch
DisclosureïŒ176å·ç¬¬28ã30é ïŒRDâ17643ïŒã«
èšèŒãããŠãããããªãå ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³åã³å ¬ç¥ã®åŠ
ç液ã®ãããããé©çšããããšãã§ãããåŠçæž©
床ã¯æ®é18âãã50âã®éã«éžã°ãããã18âã
ãäœã枩床ãŸãã¯50âãè¶ãã枩床ãšããŠãã
ãã è²çŽ åã圢æããå Žåã«ã¯åžžæ³ãé©çšã§ããã
ããšãã°ããã¬ããžæ³ïŒäŸãã°âJournal of the
Society of Motion Picture and Television
EngineersâïŒ61å·»ïŒ1953幎ïŒã667ã701é ã«èšèŒ
ãããŠããïŒïŒé»çœçŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãçŸå液ã§çŸå
ããŠãã¬éåãã€ãããã€ãã§å°ãªããšãäžåã®
äžæ§ã®é²å ãŸãã¯ä»ã®é©åœãªã«ããªåŠçãè¡ãª
ããåŒãç¶ããŠçºè²çŸåãè¡ãªãããšã«ããè²çŽ
éœç»åãåŸãã«ã©ãŒå転æ³ïŒè²çŽ ãå«ãåçä¹³å€
å±€ãé²å åŸçŸåããŠéç»åãã€ããããããæŒçœ
觊åªãšããŠè²çŽ ãæŒçœããéè²çŽ æŒçœæ³ãªã©ãçš
ããããã ã«ã©ãŒçŸå液ã¯ãäžè¬ã«çºè²çŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãã¢
ã«ã«ãªæ§æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ããæããçºè²çŸåäž»è¬ã¯å ¬ç¥ã®
äžçŽè³éŠæã¢ãã³çŸåå€ãäŸãã°ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢
ãã³é¡ïŒäŸãã°ïŒâã¢ããâïŒïŒ®âãžãšãã«ã¢
ããªã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããâïŒïŒ®âãžãš
ãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¢ããââãšãã«ââβ
âããããã·ãšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâ
ã¢ããââãšãã«ââβâããããã·ãšãã«
ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããââãšãã«
ââβâã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ãã¢ãããšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒ
âã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ââãšãã«ââβâã¡
ããã·ãšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãªã©ïŒãçšããããšãã§ã
ãã ãã®ä»L.F.A.MasonèPhotographic
Processing ChemistryïŒFocal Pressåã1966幎ïŒ
ã®226ã229é ãç±³åœç¹èš±2193015å·ãå2592364
å·ãç¹éæ48â64933å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ãçšã
ãŠããã ã«ã©ãŒçŸå液ã¯ãã®ã»ãPHç·©è¡å€ãçŸåæå¶å€
ãªããã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãªã©ãå«ãããšãã§ããããŸ
ãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠã硬氎è»åå€ãä¿æå€ãææ©æº¶
å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€ãè²çŽ 圢æã«ãã©ãŒã競äºã«ãã©
ãŒããã¶ããå€ãè£å©çŸåè¬ãç²æ§ä»äžå€ãããª
ã«ã«ãã³é žç³»ãã¬ãŒãå€ãé žåé²æ¢å€ãªã©ãå«ã
ã§ãããã ãããæ·»å å€ã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ã
ãŒãžã€ãŒïŒRDâ17643ïŒã®ä»ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4083723å·ã西ç¬å ¬éïŒOLSïŒ2ã622950å·ãªã©ã«
èšèŒãããŠããã çºè²çŸååŸã®åçä¹³å€å±€ã¯éåžžãæŒçœåŠçãã
ããæŒçœåŠçã¯å®çåŠçãšåæã«è¡ãªãããŠãã
ãããåæã«è¡ãªãããŠãããæŒçœå€ãšããŠã¯é
ïŒïŒãã³ãã«ãïŒïŒãã¯ãã ïŒïŒãé ïŒïŒãª
ã©ã®å€äŸ¡éå±ã®ååç©ãéé žé¡ãããã³é¡ããã
ãã³ååç©ãªã©ãçšããããã æŒçœãŸãã¯æŒçœå®ç液ã«ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±3042520
å·ãå3241966å·ãç¹å ¬æ45â8506å·ãç¹å ¬æ45
â8836å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒã®æŒçœä¿é²å€ãç¹éæ53â
65732å·ã«èšèŒã®ããªãŒã«ååç©ã®ä»ãçš®ã ã®æ·»
å å€ãå ããããšãã§ããã 以äžã«å®æœäŸãæãæ¬çºæã詳现ã«èª¬æããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ããªã¢ã»ããŒããã€ã«ã ããŒã¹äžã«ã以äžã®é
åºã«ç¬¬ïŒã第12å±€ãå¡åžããŠãã«ã©ãŒå転åçæ
å ææãäœã€ãã 第ïŒå±€ïŒãã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢å±€ïŒé»è²ã³ãã€ãéã
å«æãããŒã©ãã³å±€ïŒã 第ïŒå±€ïŒãŒã©ãã³äžéå±€ã ïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâãªã¯ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãã
ãžããã«ãã¿ã¬ãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãšãã«100c.c.ã«
溶解ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãšé«éæ¹æã
ãŠåŸãããä¹³åç©ãïŒKgãååŠå¢æããŠããªã埮
ç²åä¹³å€ïŒç²åãµã€ãº0.06ÎŒãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ æ²èåé
ä¹³å€ïŒïŒKgãšãšãã«10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³1.5Kgã«æ··åãã
也ç¥èå2ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããïŒéé0.4ïœïŒ
m2ïŒã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäœæ床赀æä¹³å€å±€ ãšãŒçŽ ã€ãªã³ã4.0ã¢ã«ïŒ å«æããããã«ãžãš
ããæ³ã«ããè¡šé¢äœãšãŒãåæ²èåéä¹³å€ãäžèš
æ¹æ³ã«ãããŠèª¿è£œããã 60âã«ä¿æž©ããåå¿æ§œäžã«ãæ°ŽïŒ1000c.c.ãäžæŽ»
æ§ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ25ïœæ²åã«ãªãŠã ïŒïŒïœãèåã«ãª
ãŠã ïŒ10ïœãååšãããé£ç¶ããŠæ¹æããã ãã®åå¿æ§œãžãæ°Ž300c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ããç¡é žé100ïœ
ãšæ°Ž250ïœã«æº¶è§£ããèåã«ãªãŠã 85ïœã®åã ã®
溶液ã36åéé£ç¶ããŠæ·»å ãããç¶ããŠãä¹³å€ã
å·åŽããŠåºåããããŒããªã³ã°ããæ°Žã§æŽæµã«å¯
溶ç©è³ªãé€ãã ç¶ããŠèåã«ãªãŠã ïŒã¢ã«æº¶æ¶²ã§pAgïŒ9.0ã«
調ç¯ããåå¿æ§œã®æž©åºŠã60âã«ä¿ã¡ããžããªãµã«
ãã¢ã€ãéïŒïŒé žãããªãŠã 0.01ã¢ã«æº¶æ¶²ãïŒ
mlïŒKgä¹³å€æ·»å ã30åçæããã ãã®æ¹æ³ã§åŸãå¹³åç²ä¿0.6ÎŒïœã®æ²èåéä¹³å€
ã«æ²åã«ãªãŠã ã5.20Ã10-4ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«âAgã®
å²åã§æ·»å ããããã«ãâïŒã§ç€ºãããå¢æè²
çŽ ãïŒÃ10-4ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«âAgããããŠåŒ·è²å¢æ
å€ãšããŠâ17ã§ç€ºãããååç©ãïŒÃ10-5ã¢
ã«ïŒã¢ã«âAgã®å²åã§æ·»å ããŠã該ç²åã«åžç
ãããèµ€ææ²èåéä¹³å€ã調補ãããã®ïŒKgã«å¯Ÿ
ãã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã§ããïŒâïŒããã¿ãã«ãªãã
ãã«ã¢ããïŒâïŒâïœ2â²âïŒ2â³.4â³âãžâïœâã¢ãã
ããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ããïœâããšããŒã«100ïœ
ããããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ãã¹ããšãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãš
ãã«100c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãš
é«éæ¹æããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©500ïœããæ··åã也
ç¥èå1ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžãããïŒéé0.5ïœïŒ
m2ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒå±€ïŒé«æèµ€æä¹³å€å±€ 第ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³å€ãšé¡äŒŒã®ããã²ã³åéç²å圢ææ¹
æ³ã§ãšãŒãå«é6.0ã¢ã«ïŒ ãç²åãµã€ãº1.0ÎŒïœã®
æ²èåéç²åã圢æãã第ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³å€ãšåæ§ã®è±
å¡©ãååŠå¢æå·¥çšã«ãã調補ããä¹³å€ã«æ²åã«ãª
ãŠã ã2.10Ã10-4ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã®å²åã§æ·»å ãã
ããã«âïŒã§ç€ºãããå¢æè²çŽ ãïŒÃ10-4ã¢
ã«ïŒã¢ã«AgããããŠåŒ·è²å¢æå€ãšããŠâ17ã§
瀺ãããååç©ãïŒÃ10-6ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã®å²å
ã§æ·»å ããŠè©²ç²åã«åžçããããèµ€ææ§æ²èåé
ä¹³å€ã調補ãããã®ïŒKgã«âã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãïŒâïŒããã¿ãã«ãªãããã«ã¢ããïŒâïŒâ
ïœ2â²âïŒ2â³.4â³âãžâïœâã¢ããããšããã·ïŒããã«
ã¢ããïœâããšããŒã«100ïœããããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ãã¹
ããšãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãšãã«100c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ãã10
ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãšé«éæ¹æããŠåŸãããä¹³
åç©1000ïœããæ··åã也ç¥èå2.5ÎŒã«ãªãããã«
å¡åžãããïŒéé0.8ïœïŒm2ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒå±€ïŒäžéå±€ 2.5âãžâïœâãªã¯ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãããž
ããã«ãã¿ã¬ãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãšãã«100c.c.ã«æº¶
解ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã«æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãšé«éæ¹æããŠ
åŸãããä¹³åç©ïŒKgãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒKgã«æ··å
ãã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäœæç·æä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãïŒâïŒ2.4.6âããªã¯ããããšãã«ïŒâïŒâïœïŒâ
ïŒ2.4âãžâïœâã¢ãã«ããšããã·ã¢ã»ã¿ããïŒã
ã³ãºã¢ããïœâïŒâãã©ãŸãã³ãçšããä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒ
å±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©300ïœãã
ç·ææ§ã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgïŒé70ïœããŒã©ãã³60
ïœãå«ã¿ããšãŒãå«éã¯ïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也
ç¥èå1.3ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžãããïŒéé1.1ïœïŒ
m2ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒå±€ïŒé«æç·æä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãïŒâïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¯ããããšãã«ïŒâïŒâ
ïœïŒâïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâã¢ãã«ããšããã·ã¢ã»ã¿
ããïŒãã³ãºã¢ããïœâïŒâãã©ãŸãã³ãçšãã
ä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©
1000ïœããç·ææ§ã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgïŒé70ïœã
ãŒã©ãã³60ïœãå«ã¿ããšãŒãå«éã¯ïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒã«
æ··åãã也ç¥èå3.5ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã
ïŒéé1.1ïœïŒm2ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒå±€ïŒé»è²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ é»è²ã³ãã€ãéãå«ãä¹³å€ãã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«
ãªãããå¡åžããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäœæéæä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ã€ãšããŒã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãαâïŒãããã€ã«ïŒâαâïŒïŒâãã³ãžã«âïŒâ
ãšããã·âïŒâããã³ãã€ãã«ïŒâïŒâã¯ããâ
ïŒâããã·ã«ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãã
çšããä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸããã
ä¹³åç©1000ïœããéææ§ã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgïŒé
70ïœããŒã©ãã³60ïœãå«ã¿ããšãŒãå«éã¯ïŒã¢ã«
ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå1.5ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžã
ããïŒéé0.4ïœïŒm2ïŒ ç¬¬10å±€ïŒé«æéæä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ã€ãšããŒã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãαâïŒãããã€ã«ïŒâαâïŒïŒâãã³ãžã«âïŒâ
ãšããã·âïŒâããã³ãã€ãã«ïŒâïŒâã¯ããâ
ïŒâããã·ã«ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãã
çšããä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸããã
ä¹³åç©1000ïœããéææ§ã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgïŒé
70ïœããŒã©ãã³60ïœãå«ã¿ããšãŒãå«éã¯ïŒã¢ã«
ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå3ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžã
ããïŒéé0.8ïœïŒm2ïŒ ç¬¬11å±€ïŒç¬¬ïŒä¿è·å±€ 10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã也ç¥èå2ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åž
ããã 第12å±€ïŒç¬¬ïŒä¿è·å±€ è¡šé¢ããã¶ããã埮ç²åä¹³å€ïŒç²åãµã€ãº
0.06ÎŒãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ æ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒãå«ã10ïŒ ãŒã©
ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãéå¡åžé0.1ïœïŒm2ã也ç¥èå0.8ÎŒ
ã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã 以äžã®ããã«ããŠäœè£œããè©Šæãè©ŠæïŒãšã
ãã æ¬æã«èšèŒããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæ
ããçš®ã ã®ååç©ã第ïŒå±€äœæ床赀æä¹³å€å±€ã«è¡š
âïŒã®åŠãã«æ·»å ããŠè©Šæ11ã16ã調補ãããæ¯
èŒå¯Ÿç §è©ŠæãšããŠäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæ
ããããã€çŸåæ§ã«åœ±é¿ããããŒãååç©â
ïŒãâïŒãè¡šâïŒã®åŠãã«æ·»å ããŠãè©Šæ21ã
26ã調補ããã åŸãããè©Šæã4800ãã®å æºã«ãŠãé²å é¢ç §åºŠ
1000ã«ãã¯ã¹ã®ããšã«ãŠçœè²å ã«ãŠã»ã³ã·ãã¡ã
ãªãŒçšãŠãšããžãéããŠé²å ãã次ãã§åŸèšã®å
転æšæºåŠçããã³å転å¢æåŠçãè¡ã€ãŠè²ç»åã
åŸãã ããã§çšããåŠçå·¥çšåã³åŠç液ã¯ä»¥äžã®éã
ã§ããã æšæºåŠçå·¥çš å·¥ çš æé 枩床 第äžçŸå ïŒå 38â æ°Ž æŽ ïŒå ã å 転 ïŒå ã çºè²çŸå ïŒå ã 調 æŽ ïŒå ã æŒ çœ ïŒå ã å® ç ïŒå ã æ°Ž æŽ ïŒå ã å® å® ïŒå åžžæž© 也 ç¥ å¢æåŠçå·¥çš å·¥ çš æé 枩床 第äžçŸå 10å 38â æ°Ž æŽ ïŒå ã å 転 ïŒå ã çºè²çŸå ïŒå ã 調 æŽ ïŒå ã æŒ çœ ïŒå ã å® ç ïŒå ã æ°Ž æŽ ïŒå ã å® å® ïŒå åžžæž© 也 ç¥ åŠç液ã®çµæã¯ä»¥äžã®ãã®ãçšããã 第äžçŸå液 æ°Ž 700ml ããã©ããªãªã³é žãããªãŠã ïŒïœ äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 20ïœ ãã€ããããã³ã»ã¢ãã¹ã«ããªããŒã 30ïœ çé žãããªãŠã ïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 30ïœ ïŒâããšãã«ã»ïŒã¡ãã«ã»ïŒâããããã·ã¡ãã«
âïŒãã©ãŸãªãã³ ïŒïœ èåã«ãªãŠã 2.5ïœ ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã«ãªãŠã 1.2ïœ ãšãŠåã«ãªãŠã ïŒ0.1ïŒ æº¶æ¶²ïŒ ïŒml æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml ïŒPH10.1ïŒ å転液 æ°Ž 700ml ãããã»ïŒ®ã»ïŒ®ã»ïŒ®âããªã¡ãã¬ã³ãªã¹ãã³é žã»
6Naå¡© ïŒïœ å¡©å第ïŒã¹ãºïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ ïŒïœ ïœâã¢ããããšããŒã« 0.1ïœ æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ïŒïœ æ°·é ¢é ž 15ml æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml çºè²çŸå液 æ°Ž 700ml ããã©ããªãªã³é žãããªãŠã ïŒïœ äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã ïŒïœ 第ïŒãªã³é žãããªãŠã ïŒ12æ°Žå¡©ïŒ 36ïœ èåã«ãªãŠã ïŒïœ åŠåã«ãªãŠã ïŒ0.1ïŒ æº¶æ¶²ïŒ 90ml æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ïŒïœ ã·ãã©ãžã³é ž 1.5ïœ ïŒ®ã»ãšãã«ââïŒÎ²âã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ããªã³ã¢ãã
ãšãã«ïŒâïŒã»ã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããã¢ããªã³ã»ç¡«
é žå¡© 11ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ ïŒïœ æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml 調æŽæ¶² æ°Ž 700ml äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 12ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ãããã©é ¢é žãããªãŠã ïŒïŒæ°Ž
å¡©ïŒ ïŒïœ ããªã°ãªã»ãªã³ 0.4ml æ°·é ¢é ž ïŒml æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml æŒçœæ¶² æ°Ž 800ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é žãããªãŠã ïŒïŒæ°Ž
å¡©ïŒ 2.0ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é žéïŒïŒã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 120.0ïœ èåã«ãªãŠã 100.0ïœ æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml å®ç液 æ°Ž 800ml ããªç¡«é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 80.0ïœ äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 5.0ïœ éäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 5.0ïœ æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml å®å®æ¶² æ°Ž 800ml ãã«ããªã³ïŒ37ééïŒ ïŒ 5.0ml å¯å£«ãã©ã€ãŠãšã« 5.0ml æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml åŸãããè©Šæã«ã€ããŠãã®ã·ã¢ã³ç»åã®å åŠæ¿
床ãèµ€ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒãéããŠæž¬å®ããå¢æçŸåæ§ã
è©äŸ¡ãããç¹æ§æ²ç·ãããäžå®æ¿åºŠïŒïŒ€ïŒ1.00ïŒ
ã®ã·ã¢ã³æ¿åºŠãåŸãã«å¿ èŠãªé²å éã®éæ°ã®å¯Ÿæ°
ã§ãã€ãŠæ床ã衚瀺ããã åŸãããçµæãè¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãã æ¬çºæãçšããè©ŠæïŒè©Šæçªå·11ã13ã14ã
16ïŒã§ã®çµæãã¿ããšãååç©ïŒ©âïŒïŒïŒ©âïŒã®
éã調ç¯ããããšã«ããå¢æå¹ ãåºãç¯å²ã«ãã
ã€ãŠèªåšã«èª¿ç¯ããããšãã§ããããšããããã
ïŒïŒ©âïŒã§ã¯0.25ãã0.15ãŸã§0.20ã®ç¯å²ãâïŒ
ã§ã¯0.45ãã0.27ãŸã§0.18ã®ç¯å²ïŒäžæ¹ãæ¯èŒå¯Ÿ
ç §ãšããŠç€ºããè©ŠæïŒè©Šæçªå·21ã23ã24ã26ïŒ
ã§ã®çµæãã¿ããšååç©âïŒã§ã¯ãã®é調ç¯ã
ãŠãå¢æå¹ ã®èª¿ç¯ã§ããç¯å²ã¯å°ããïŒ0.45ãã
0.40ãŸã§0.05ã®ç¯å²ïŒãâïŒã§ã¯ããåºãã
ïŒ0.45ãã0.36ãŸã§0.09ã®ç¯å²ïŒæšæºåŠçæã®æ床
äœäžãèããïŒ1.00ãã0.80ãžæžæïŒããã®ãã
ã«æ¬çºæã§çšããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããååç©
ãçšãããšå¥œãŸããå¢æå¹ ã調ç¯ããããšãã§ã
ãã
æ°ïŒã12ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãããããã·ã¢ã«ãã«åºã
ã¹ã«ãã¢ã«ãã«ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒåºãã«ã«ããã·
ã«ã¢ã«ãã«ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒåºãã¢ã©ã«ãã«åºã
ãŸãã¯ã¹ã«ãïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒâãã«ã«ããã·ã«
ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒâãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«âã
ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·âãããã¯ããã²ã³â
ã®çœ®æåºããã€ããããã¯ãããªãççŽ æ°ïŒã12
ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºããŸãã¯ã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºã瀺ãã
ãŸãã¯ïŒ²ããã³Râ²ããšãã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ç°ããã
ã¯ââãå«ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ç°ã圢æããŠããŠãã
ãã R2ãR3ãR4ããã³R5ã¯ããããããæ°ŽçŽ åå
ãŸãã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šããã Y1ãY2ãY3ããã³Y4ã¯ããããããççŽ æ°ïŒ
ã12ã®ããªã¡ãã¬ã³åºãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«
åºã§çœ®æãããççŽ æ°ïŒã12ã®ããªã¡ãã¬ã³åºãŸ
ãã¯ã¹ã«ãïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒâãã«ã«ããã·ã«
ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒâãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«âã
ããã¯ããã²ã³âã®çœ®æåºããã€ããããã¯ãã
ãªãã¢ãªã¬ã³åºããŸãã¯ã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³åºãè¡š
ããã ã¯ââãâSO2âãŸãã¯âCH2âãè¡šããã ïœããã³ïœã¯ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒãè¡šããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ åŒäžãã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãããã¯çœ®æ
ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããR1ãR2ã¯ããããåäžãŸ
ãã¯ç°ã€ãŠããŠããããã¢ã«ãã«åºã眮æã¢ã«ã
ã«åºãŸãã¯ã¢ãªã«åºãè¡šãããäœããR1ãR2ã®
ãã¡ãå°ããšãïŒã€ã¯é žçœ®æåºïŒäŸãã°ãã¹ã«ã
åºãã«ã«ããã·ã«åºãªã©ïŒãæããã¢ã«ãã«åºã§
ããã ããã³ïŒ¹ã¯ããããåäžãŸãã¯ç°ã€ãŠããŠã
ãããæ°ŽçŽ ååãããã²ã³ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã
ãããã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãã¢ã·ã«åºãã¢ã·ã«ãª
ãã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«
åºãããã¯çœ®æã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«
åºãããã¯çœ®æã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãã·ã¢ãåºãã«
ã«ããã·ã«åºãã¹ã«ãåºãããªãã«ãªãã¡ãã«
åºãããšãã«åºãŸãã¯ãã³ãŸçž®åç°ãè¡šãããäœ
ãããŸãã¯ïŒ¹ã®å°ããšãïŒã€ã¯ããããã·åºã
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãŸãã¯ã«
ã«ããã·ã«åºãè¡šããã ã¯ã¢ããªã³ãè¡šãããïœã¯ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒãè¡šã
ããè²çŽ ãååå å¡©ã圢æãããšãã¯ïœïŒïŒã§ã
ãã 次ã«æ¬çºæã«çšããããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ã
åäœãæããååç©ã®ä»£è¡šçãªãã®ã瀺ãããæ¬
çºæã«çšããååç©ããããã«éå®ããããã®ã§
ã¯ãªãã 次ã«ãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã説æããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããå¢æè²çŽ ã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«
ãããŠãå眮æåºã§å¥œãŸããã¯äžèšã®çœ®æåºãçš
ããããã å³ã¡ãã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ç¡çœ®æã¢
ã«ãã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºããããã«
åºãããã«åºããã³ãã«åºãããã·ã³åºãªã©ïŒãŸ
ãã¯çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒçœ®æåºãšããŠãäŸãã°ãã
ã²ã³ååãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããããã·åºãã«ã«ã
ãã·ã«åºãããšãã«åºããªã©ïŒ R1ãR2ã¯ããããåäžãŸãã¯ç°ã€ãŠããŠãã
ããççŽ æ°12以äžã®ç¡çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡
ãã«åºããšãã«åºããããã«åºãããã«åºããã³
ãã«åºãããã·ã«åºããªã¯ãã«åºãªã©ïŒãŸãã¯çœ®
æã¢ã«ãã«åºïœçœ®æåºãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ã«ã«ãã
ã·ã«åºãã¹ã«ãåºãããããã·åºãã·ã¢ãåºãã
ãã²ã³ååïŒäŸãã°ããçŽ ååãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ
ååãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒäŸãã°
ã¡ããã·åºããšããã·åºããã³ãžã«ãªãã·åºãã
ãšããã«ãªãã·åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ã³ã
ã·ã«ã«ããã«åºïŒäŸãã°ãã¡ããã·ã«ã«ããã«
åºããšããã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãããšããã·ã«ã«ãã
ã«åºããã³ãžã«ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°
10以äžã®ã¢ãªãŒã«ãªãã·åºïŒäŸãã°ããšããã·
åºãïœâããªã«ãªãã·åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢
ã·ã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¢ã»ãã«åºãããããªãã«åºãã
ã³ãŸã€ã«åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®çœ®æãŸãã¯ç¡çœ®
æã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãïŒäŸãã°ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã
âãžã¡ãã«ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ã«ããªãã«ã«ã
ãã«åºããããªãžãã«ã«ããã«åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒ
以äžã®ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«
åºãïŒïŒ®âãžã¡ãã«ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ã«ã
ãªãã¹ã«ããã«åºããããªãžãã¹ã«ããã«åºãª
ã©ïŒççŽ æ°10以äžã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒäŸãã°ããšãã«
åºãïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«åºãïŒâãããããšãã«
åºãïŒâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºãïŒâã«ã«ããã·ã«ã
ãšãã«åºãαâãããã«åºãªã©ïŒïœãè¡šãããäœ
ããR1ãR2ã®ãã¡å°ããšãïŒã€ã¯ãã¹ã«ãåºã
ãŸãã¯ã«ã«ããã·ã«åºãæããã ããã³ïŒ¹ã¯ããããåäžãŸãã¯ç°ã€ãŠããŠã
ãããæ°ŽçŽ ååãããã²ã³ååïŒäŸãã°ããçŽ å
åãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååãªã©ïŒãççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®
ã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãããã
ã«åºãããã«åºãªã©ïŒããããã·åºãççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥
äžã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡ããã·ã«
ã«ããã«åºããšããã·ã«ã«ããã«åºããã³ãžã«ãª
ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã·ã«åº
ïŒäŸãã°ã¢ã»ãã«åºãããããªãã«åºããã³ãŸã€
ã«åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã·ã«ãªãã·åºïŒäŸã
ã°ã¢ã»ããã·åºãããããªãã«ãªãã·åºããã³ãŸ
ã€ã«ãªãã·åºãªã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·
ïŒäŸãã°ã¡ããã·åºããšããã·åºããããããã·
åºãããããã·åºããã³ãžã«ãªãã·åºãªã©ïŒççŽ
æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãããã¯çœ®æã«ã«ãã¢
ã€ã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºããâãžã¡ã
ã«ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ã«ããªãã«ã«ããã«åºãª
ã©ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãããã¯çœ®
æã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºã
ïŒïŒ®âãžã¡ãã«ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ãªããªã
ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãªã©ïŒã·ã¢ãåºãã«ã«ããã·ã«
åºãã¹ã«ãåºãããªãã«ãªãã¡ãã«åºãããšãã«
åºãããã¯ãã³ãŸçž®åç°ãè¡šãããäœããã
ã®å°ããšãïŒã€ã¯ããããã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºã
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ã«åºãè¡šã
ãã æ¬çºæã¯äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ãã€ãŠè¡šããããè²çŽ
ã®å ·äœäŸãäŸç€ºãããããããããã®ã¿ã«éå®ã
ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã æ¬çºæã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããç¹°ãè¿ãå
äœãæããååç©ã¯ãå ¬ç¥ã®ãã®ã§ãããç¹å ¬æ
46â15471å·å ¬å ±ã«èšèŒãããŠããæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠ
容æã«åæããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãå ¬
ç¥ã§ããåŸæ¥ããç¥ãããæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠå®¹æã«å
æããããšãã§ãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2704718å·æ现æžãå第2704714å·æ现æžãªã©ã«èš
èŒãããŠããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæããååç©ã®æ·»
å éã¯ãç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªãããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€
ã«çšããå Žåã¯ã0.01ã50ïœïŒã¢ã«Agãä¿è·å±€
ãŸãã¯äžéå±€ã«çšããå Žåã¯ãç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªã
ãã0.05ã250ïœïŒKgãŒã©ãã³ã奜ãŸããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ååç©ã®æ·»å éã¯ãç¹ã«å¶éã¯
ãªãããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ã«çšããå Žåã¯ãïŒ
Ã10-5ãïŒÃ10-3ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã奜ãŸããã ãŸããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæããåå
ç©ã¯äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ååç©ã§å¢æãããä¹³å€ãšå
äžä¹³å€å±€ã«çšããã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããããä»ã®å±€ã«
䜿çšããŠãããããŸãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœ
ãæããååç©ã¯çŸååŠç液äžã«çšããŠãããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæããååç©ãäž
è¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã¯ãåžžçšã®æ¹æ³ã«
ãã€ãŠåçä¹³å€äžã«å«æãããããšãã§ãããé
åžžã¯ã¡ã¿ããŒã«ããšã¿ããŒã«ãæ°Žãã¡ãã«ã»ããœ
ã«ããæ°Žã«å¯æº¶ã§ããã±ãã³é¡ãªã©ã®æº¶åªã«ãšã
ããŠä¹³å€ãå ãããæ·»å ããææã¯ä¹³å€è£œé å·¥çš
äžãããªã段éã§ãè¯ãã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããå¢æè²çŽ ã¯ä»ã®å¢æè²
çŽ äŸãã°ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãè€å
ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãè€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãããããŒ
ã©ãŒã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãããã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¹ããªã«
è²çŽ ããã³ãããªããœããŒã«è²çŽ ãªã©ãšçµã¿åã
ãŠçšããŠããããå¢æè²çŽ ã®çµã¿åããã¯ç¹ã«åŒ·
è²å¢æã®ç®çã§ãã°ãã°çšãããããäžè¬åŒ
ïŒïŒã®å¢æè²çŽ ãšçµã¿åãããŠäœ¿çšãããå¢æ
è²çŽ ãšããŠäžèšã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããè²çŽ ã
ããã ïŒããã§ãY5ã¯é žçŽ ååãŸãã¯ã€ãªãŠååãè¡š
ãããX3ããã³X4ã¯ã€ãªãŠååãŸãã¯ã»ã¬ã³å
åãè¡šãããZ3ããã³Z4ã¯ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãŸãã¯ãã
ã¿ã¬ã³ç°ã圢æããã«å¿ èŠãªééå±åå矀ãè¡šã
ããR11ããã³R12ã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ãã«åº
ãŸãã¯ãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãå¡©çŽ å
åãããçŽ ååãããã¯ããšãã«åºã«ãã€ãŠçœ®æ
ãããççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããR13
ããã³R14ã¯ççŽ æ°10以äžã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãŸãã¯ã¹
ã«ããªåºãããããã·åºãã«ã«ããã·åºãã«ã«ã
ã¢ã€ã«åºãã¹ã«ããªããšãã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ããš
ãã«åºãããã¯ããã²ã³ååã§çœ®æãããççŽ æ°
ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šããã 次ã«ãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã®ãã¡
奜ãŸãããã®ãäžè¬åŒïŒâïŒããã³ïŒâ
ïŒã«ãã€ãŠè¡šããã ããã㯠ããã§Y6ããã³Y7ã¯é žçŽ ååãããã¯ã€ãªãŠ
ååã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯é žçŽ ååã§ããã R22ãR23ãR28ããã³R29ã¯ãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒ
ã®äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®äœ
çŽã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãå¡©çŽ ååãããçŽ ååãããšã
ã«åºã§çœ®æãããŠããŠããããïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ãã¢
ã«ã³ãã·åºã§çœ®æãããã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãããïŒ
R24ãR25ãR30ããã³R31ã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¹ã«
ãã¢ã«ãã«åºãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®ã«ã«ããã·ã¢ã«
ãã«åºãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®ããããã·ã¢ã«ãã«
åºãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®ç¡çœ®æã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãæ
ããã¢ã«ãã«åºãççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åº
ãè¡šãããäœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯ãããçŽ ååãã¯ã
ã«ååãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããšã
ã«åºãã¹ã«ããªããšãã«åºã§çœ®æãããŠããŠãã
ãã R26ãR27ãR32ããã³R33ã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååãå¡©çŽ
ååãèçŽ ååãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«
åºãççŽ æ°ïŒããïŒã®äœçŽã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãã«ã«ã
ãã·åºããããã·åºãççŽ ç·æ°ãïŒããïŒã®ã¢ã«
ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãã¢ã·ã«åºéšåã®ççŽ æ°ãïŒ
ããïŒã®ã¢ã·ã«ã¢ããåºãããšãã«åºãè¡šããã
ããšãã«åºã¯ãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååãççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥
äžã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãççŽ æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºã§
眮æãããŠããŠããããR22ãR23ãR28ããã³
R29ã¯åäžã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠãããã ãŸããR26ãR27ãR32ããã³R33ã¯åäžã§ãç°
ã€ãŠããŠãããã ãŸããR24ãR25ãR30ããã³R31ãšããŠã¯ã¡ã
ã«åºããšãã«åºãã¹ã«ããªãããã«åºããéžã°ã
ãåºãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã X7ãX8ãX9ããã³X10ã¯ã€ãªãŠååãŸãã¯ã»
ã¬ã³ååã§ããåäžã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠãããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããè²çŽ ã®å ·äœäŸãšããŠã
以äžã®ãã®ããããããããããã®ã¿ã«éå®ãã
ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããå¢æè²çŽ ã¯ã¢ã«æ¯ã§
äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã®1/5ã1/200çš
ããããããšã奜ãŸãã1/10ã1/100çšãããã
ããšãæŽã«å¥œãŸããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠããã²ã³åéç²åè¡šé¢ã«åžçã
ããã¯ããã²ã³å€æã«ããååšããããæ²çŽ ã€ãª
ã³ã®æ·»å ãå€ããããšãããã²ã³åéç²åã®åºæ
æžæã倧ãããªããè²å¢æåŸãæ床ãäœäžããæ¬
ç¹ãçããããããã²ã³åéç²åã®çŸåé床ãé
ããªãæ¬ ç¹ãçããããšãããããŸãæ²çŽ ã€ãªã³
ã®æ·»å éãå°ãªããããšãå¢æè²çŽ ã®åžçãåå
ä¿é²ãããæ床ãäœäžããããããã€ãŠãæ²çŽ ã€
ãªã³ã®æ·»å éã¯äžè¿°ã®ããšãæ¬ ç¹ã®çããããšã®
å°ãªãç¯å²ãéžæããããšã奜ãŸããããã®ãã
ãªç¹ãããããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœãã«åžçããã
ã¯ããã²ã³å€æãããŠååšããããæ²çŽ ã€ãªã³ãš
ããŠã¯10-7ã10-2ã¢ã«ã奜ãŸããã10-6ã10-3ã¢
ã«ãããã«å¥œãŸãããæ²çŽ ã€ãªã³ã¯æ²åãããªãŠ
ã ãæ²åã«ãªãŠã ãæ²åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãªã©ã®æ°Žæº¶
液ãšããŠæ·»å ãããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæ
ããååç©ããã³ãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããå
åç©ããã³ãæ²çŽ ã€ãªã³ã®æ·»å ã®é åºã«ã¯ç¹ã«å¶
éã¯ãªãã ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ãããè¡šé¢äœãšãŒãåã®æ²èå
éç²åãšã¯æ²èåéç²åã®è¡šé¢éšåã®æ²çŽ å«æé
ãç²åå éšã®æ²çŽ å«æéã«æ¯ã¹ãŠäœãæ²èåéç²
åã®ããšãæå³ããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ã«ã¯ããã²
ã³åéãšããŠèåéãæ²èåéãæ²å¡©èåéãå¡©
èåéããã³å¡©åéã®ããããçšããŠãããã åçä¹³å€äžã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãç«æ¹äœãå «
é¢äœã®ãããªèŠåçïŒregularïŒãªçµæ¶äœãæã
ããã®ã§ãããããŸãçç¶ãæ¿ç¶ãªã©ã®ãããªå€
åçïŒirregularïŒãªçµæ¶åœ¢ããã€ãã®ãããã
ã¯ãããã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®è€å圢ããã€ãã®ã§ãããã
çš®ã ã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®ç²åã®æ··åããæã€ãŠãããã ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯æœåãäž»ãšããŠè¡šé¢ã«åœ¢æ
ããããããªç²åã§ããããç²åå éšã«äž»ãšããŠ
圢æããããããªç²åã§ãã€ãŠãããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããåçä¹³å€ã¯P.Glafkidesè
Chimie et Physique PhotographiqueïŒPaul
Montel瀟åã1967幎ïŒãG.F.Duffinè
Photographic Emulsion ChemistryïŒThe Focal
Pressåã1966幎ïŒãV.L.Zelikman et alè
Makig and Coating Photographic Emulsion
ïŒThe Focal Pressåã1964幎ïŒãªã©ã«èšèŒãã
ãæ¹æ³ãçšããŠèª¿è£œããããšãã§ãããããªã
ã¡ãé žæ§æ³ãäžæ§æ³ãã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢æ³çã®ãããã§
ãããããŸãå¯æº¶æ§éå¡©ãšå¯æº¶æ§ããã²ã³å¡©ãå
å¿ããã圢åŒãšããŠã¯çåŽæ··åæ³ãåææ··åæ³ã
ãããã®çµåããªã©ã®ããããçšããŠãããã ç²åãéã€ãªã³éå°ã®äžã«ãããŠåœ¢æãããæ¹
æ³ïŒããããéæ··åæ³ïŒãçšããããšãã§ããã
åææ··åæ³ã®äžã€ã®åœ¢åŒãšããŠããã²ã³åéã®ç
æããã液çžäžã®pAgãäžå®ã«ä¿ã€æ¹æ³ãããªã
ã¡ããããã³ã³ãããŒã«ãã»ããã«ãžãšããæ³ã
çšããããšãã§ããã ãã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããšãçµæ¶åœ¢ãèŠåçã«ç²åãµã€
ãºãåäžã«è¿ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãããããã å¥ã ã«åœ¢æããïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã
æ··åããŠçšããŠãããã ããã²ã³åéç²å圢æãŸãã¯ç©ççæã®éçšã«
ãããŠãã«ãããŠã å¡©ãäºéå¡©ãéå¡©ãã¿ãªãŠã
å¡©ãã€ãªãžãŠã å¡©ãŸãã¯ãã®é¯å¡©ãããžãŠã å¡©ãŸ
ãã¯ãé¯å¡©ãéå¡©ãŸãã¯éé¯å¡©ãéå¡©ãŸãã¯éé¯
å¡©ãªã©ãå ±åãããŠãããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããåçä¹³å€ã«ã¯ãæå ææã®
補é å·¥çšãä¿åäžãããã¯åçåŠçäžã®ã«ããªã
é²æ¢ããããã¯åçæ§èœãå®å®åãããç®çã§ã
çš®ã ã®ååç©ãå«æãããããšãã§ãããããªã
ã¡ã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ããšãã°ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã å¡©ãã
ããã€ã³ããŸãŒã«é¡ãããããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«
é¡ãã¯ãããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«é¡ãããã¢ãã³ãº
ã€ãããŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«
ã«ãããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãºã€
ãããŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¢
ããããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã
ãããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸ
ãŒã«é¡ïŒç¹ã«ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâã¡ã«ã«ãããã
ã©ãŸãŒã«ïŒãªã©ïŒã¡ã«ã«ããããªããžã³é¡ïŒã¢ã¶
ã€ã³ãã³é¡ãããšãã°ããªã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ããã
ã©ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒç¹ã«ïŒâããããã·çœ®æ
ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ3aïŒïŒïŒããã©ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒããã³
ã¿ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ãªã©ïŒãã³ãŒã³ããªã¹ã«ããªã³
é žããã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žããã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ããªã³
é žã¢ããçã®ãããªã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãŸãã¯å®å®å€ãš
ããŠç¥ãããå€ãã®ååç©ãå ããããšãã§ã
ããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±3954474å·ãå3982947å·ãç¹
å ¬æ52â28660å·ã«èšèŒããããã®ãçšããããš
ãã§ããã æ²æŸ±åœ¢æåŸãããã¯ç©ççæåŸã®ä¹³å€ããå¯æº¶
æ§å¡©é¡ãé€å»ããããã«ã¯ãŒã©ãã³ãã²ã«åãã
ãŠè¡ãªãããŒãã«æ°ŽæŽæ³ãçšããŠãããããŸãç¡
æ©éé¡ãã¢ããªã³æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã¢ããªã³æ§ããªã
ãŒïŒããšãã°ããªã¹ãã¬ã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žïŒãããã
ã¯ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœïŒããšãã°ã¢ã·ã«åãŒã©ãã³ã
ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åãŒã©ãã³ãªã©ïŒãå©çšããæ²éæ³
ïŒããããŠã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ïŒãçšããŠãããã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ãéåžžã¯ååŠå¢æãããã
ååŠå¢æã®ããã«ã¯ãäŸãã°H.Frieserç·šDie
Grundlager der Photographischen Prozesse
mit SilberhalogenidenïŒAkrdemische
Verlagsgesellschaft.1968ïŒ675ã734é ã«èšèŒã®
æ¹æ³ãçšããããšãã§ããã ããªãã¡ã掻æ§ãŒã©ãã³ãéãšåå¿ãåŸãç¡«é»
ãå«ãååç©ïŒäŸãã°ãããªç¡«é žå¡©ãããªå°¿çŽ
é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ããååç©é¡ãããŒããã³é¡ïŒãçšã
ãç¡«é»å¢ææ³ïŒéå æ§ç©è³ªïŒäŸãã°ã第äžãã
å¡©ãã¢ãã³é¡ãããã©ãžã³èªå°äœããã«ã ã¢ããž
ã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žãã·ã©ã³ååç©ïŒãçšããéå å¢
ææ³ïŒè²Žéå±ååç©ïŒäŸãã°ãéé¯å¡©ã®ã»ãã
PtãIrãPdãªã©ã®åšæåŸè¡šæã®éå±ã®é¯å¡©ïŒ
ãçšãã貎éå±å¢ææ³ãªã©ãåç¬ãŸãã¯çµåããŠ
çšããããšãã§ããã ãããã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãç¡«é»å¢ææ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±ç¬¬1574944å·ãå第2410689å·ãå第2278947
å·ãå第2728668å·ãå第3656955å·çãéå å¢æ
æ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2983609å·ãå第2419974
å·ãå第4054458å·çã貎éå±å¢ææ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2399083å·ãå第2448060å·ãè±åœç¹èš±
第618061å·çã®åæ现æžã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ã«ã¯æ床äž
æãã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãäžæããŸãã¯çŸåä¿é²ã®ç®ç
ã§ãäŸãã°ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããŸãã¯ãã®ãš
ãŒãã«ããšã¹ãã«ãã¢ãã³ãªã©ã®èªå°äœãããªãš
ãŒãã«ååç©ãããªã¢ã«ããªãªã³é¡ãåçŽã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã å¡©ååç©ããŠã¬ã¿ã³èªå°äœãå°¿çŽ èªå°äœã
ã€ãããŸãŒã«èªå°äœãïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³é¡çãå«
ãã§ããããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±2400532å·ãå
2423549å·ãå2716062å·ãå3617280å·ãå
3772021å·ãå3808003å·ãè±åœç¹èš±1488991å·ç
ã«èšèŒããããã®ãçšããããšãã§ããã åçä¹³å€ã®çµåå€ãŸãã¯ä¿è·ã³ãã€ããšããŠ
ã¯ããŒã©ãã³ãçšããã®ãæå©ã§ãããããã以
å€ã®æ°æ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããçšããããšãã§ããã ããšãã°ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœããŒã©ãã³ãšä»ã®é«å
åãšã®ã°ã©ããããªããŒãã¢ã«ããã³ãã«ãŒã€ã³
çã®èçœè³ªïŒããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã«ã«
ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã»ã«ããŒãºç¡«é žãšã¹ã
ã«é¡çã®åŠãã»ã«ããŒã¹èªå°äœãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãœãŒ
ãã柱ç²èªå°äœãªã©ã®ç³èªå°äœïŒããªããã«ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ãããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«éšåã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã«ã
ããªââããã«ãããªãã³ãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žã
ããªã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããªã
ãã«ã€ãããŸãŒã«ãããªããã«ãã©ãŸãŒã«çã®å
äžãããã¯å ±éåäœã®åŠãå€éã®åæ芪氎æ§é«å
åç©è³ªãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ã«ã¯è²åœ¢æ
ã«ãã©ãŒãããªãã¡çºè²çŸååŠçã«ãããŠè³éŠæ
ïŒçŽã¢ãã³çŸåè¬ïŒäŸãã°ãããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³
èªå°äœããã¢ããããšããŒã«èªå°äœãªã©ïŒãšã®é ž
åã«ãããªã³ã°ã«ãã€ãŠçºè²ãããååç©ãäŸã
ã°ãããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠãïŒâãã©ãŸãã³ã«
ãã©ãŒããã©ãŸããã³ãã€ãããŸãŒã«ã«ãã©ãŒã
ãžã¢ãã¢ã»ãã«ã¯ããã³ã«ãã©ãŒãééã¢ã·ã«ã¢
ã»ããããªã«ã«ãã©ãŒçããããã€ãšããŒã«ãã©
ãŒãšããŠãã¢ã·ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããã«ãã©ãŒïŒäŸãã°
ãã³ãŸã€ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãé¡ããããã€ã«ã¢ã»ã
ã¢ããªãé¡ïŒãçããããã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠã
ããããŒã«ã«ãã©ãŒãããã³ããšããŒã«ã«ãã©
ãŒãçãããããããã®ã«ãã©ãŒã¯ååäžã«ãã©
ã¹ãåºãšãã°ããçæ°Žåºãæããéæ¡æ£ã®ãã®ã
æãŸãããã«ãã©ãŒã¯éã€ãªã³ã«å¯ŸãïŒåœéæ§ã
ããã¯ïŒåœéæ§ã®ã©ã¡ãã§ãããããŸãè²è£æ£ã®
å¹æããã€ã«ã©ãŒãã«ãã©ãŒããããã¯çŸåã«ãš
ããªã€ãŠçŸåæå¶å€ãæŸåºããã«ãã©ãŒïŒããã
ãDIRã«ãã©ãŒïŒã§ãã€ãŠãããã ãŸãDIRã«ãã©ãŒä»¥å€ã«ããã«ãããªã³ã°åå¿
ã®çæç©ãç¡è²ã§ãã€ãŠçŸåæå¶å€ãæŸåºããç¡
åè²DIRã«ãããªã³ã°ååç©ãå«ãã§ãããã ã«ãã©ãŒãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ã«å°å ¥ããã«ã¯
å ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ããšãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±2322027å·ã«èšèŒã®
æ¹æ³ãªã©ãçšãããããããšãã°ãã¿ãŒã«é žã¢ã«
ãã«ãšã¹ãã«ïŒãžããã«ãã¿ã¬ãŒãããžãªã¯ãã«
ãã¿ã¬ãŒããªã©ïŒããªã³é žãšã¹ãã«ïŒãžããšãã«
ããªã¹ããšãŒããããªããšãã«ããªã¹ããšãŒãã
ããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ããªã¹ããšãŒãããžãªã¯ãã«ããã«
ããªã¹ããšãŒãïŒãã¯ãšã³é žãšã¹ãã«ïŒããšãã°
ã¢ã»ãã«ã¯ãšã³é žããªããã«ïŒãå®æ¯éŠé žãšã¹ã
ã«ïŒããšãã°å®æ¯éŠé žãªã¯ãã«ïŒãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã
ãïŒããšãã°ãžãšãã«ã©ãŠã«ã¢ããïŒãèèªé žãš
ã¹ãã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ãžãããã·ãšãã«ãµã¯ã·ããŒ
ãããžãªã¯ãã«ã¢ãŒã¬ãŒãïŒãããªã¡ã·ã³é žãšã¹
ãã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ããªã¡ã·ã³é žããªããã«ïŒãª
ã©ããŸãã¯æ²žç¹çŽ30âä¹è³150âã®ææ©æº¶åªãã
ãšãã°é ¢é žãšãã«ãé ¢é žããã«ã®ããšãäœçŽã¢ã«
ãã«ã¢ã»ããŒããããããªã³é žãšãã«ãïŒçŽãã
ã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãã¡ãã«ã€ãœããã«ã±ãã³ãβâãš
ããã·ãšãã«ã¢ã»ããŒããã¡ãã«ã»ããœã«ãã»ã
ãŒãçã«æº¶è§£ããã®ã¡ã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãã«åæ£ã
ãããäžèšã®é«æ²žç¹ææ©æº¶åªãšäœæ²žç¹ææ©æº¶åªãš
ãæ··åããŠçšããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®ã«ã©ãŒæå ææã«ã¯ããã®ä»çš®ã ã®å ¬
ç¥ã®æ·»å å€ãäŸãã°ãææã硬èå€ãçé¢æŽ»æ§
å€ãéè²é²æ¢å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€ãUVåžåå€ããã
ãå€ãè¢å å¢çœå€ããæããããšãã§ããã ãããã®å ·äœäŸã«ã€ããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãªãµãŒãã»
ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒResearch DisclosureïŒ
176å·ãRDâ17643ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã«ãããŠåçä¹³å€å±€ãã®
ä»ã®å±€ã¯åçæå ææã«éåžžçšããããŠãããã©
ã¹ããã¯ãã€ã«ã ãçŽãåžãªã©ã®å¯ææ§æ¯æäœã«
å¡åžããããå¯ææ§æ¯æäœãšããŠæçšãªãã®ã¯ã
ç¡é žã»ã«ããŒã¹ãé ¢é žã»ã«ããŒã¹ãé ¢é žé ªé žã»ã«
ããŒã¹ãããªã¹ãã¬ã³ãããªå¡©åããã«ãããªãš
ãã¬ã³ãã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒããããªã«ãŒãããŒãçã®å
åæãŸãã¯åæé«ååããæããã€ã«ã ããã©ã€
ã¿å±€ãŸãã¯Î±âãªã¬ãã€ã³ããªããŒïŒäŸãã°ããª
ãšãã¬ã³ãããªãããã¬ã³ããšãã¬ã³ïŒããã³å ±
éåäœïŒçãå¡åžãŸãã¯ã©ãããŒãããçŽçã§ã
ããæ¯æäœã¯ææãé¡æãçšããŠçè²ãããŠãã
ããé®å ã®ç®çã§é»è²ã«ããŠãããããããã®æ¯
æäœã®è¡šé¢ã¯äžè¬ã«ãåçä¹³å€å±€çãšã®æ¥çãã
ãããããã«äžå¡åŠçããããæ¯æäœè¡šé¢ã¯äžå¡
åŠçã®åãŸãã¯åŸã«ãã³ããæŸé»ã玫å€ç·ç §å°ã
ç«çåŠççãæœããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒæå ææãšããŠã¯
å ·äœçã«ã¯ãã«ã©ãŒãã¬ãã€ã«ã ãã«ã©ãŒå転ã
ã€ã«ã ãªã©ã®æ®åœ±çšã«ã©ãŒãã€ã«ã ã®ä»ã«ã©ãŒã
ãŒããŒãªã©ã®ããªã³ãçšææãªã©ãæããããšã
ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã®åçåŠçã«ã¯ãäŸãã°ãªãµ
ãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒResearch
DisclosureïŒ176å·ç¬¬28ã30é ïŒRDâ17643ïŒã«
èšèŒãããŠãããããªãå ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³åã³å ¬ç¥ã®åŠ
ç液ã®ãããããé©çšããããšãã§ãããåŠçæž©
床ã¯æ®é18âãã50âã®éã«éžã°ãããã18âã
ãäœã枩床ãŸãã¯50âãè¶ãã枩床ãšããŠãã
ãã è²çŽ åã圢æããå Žåã«ã¯åžžæ³ãé©çšã§ããã
ããšãã°ããã¬ããžæ³ïŒäŸãã°âJournal of the
Society of Motion Picture and Television
EngineersâïŒ61å·»ïŒ1953幎ïŒã667ã701é ã«èšèŒ
ãããŠããïŒïŒé»çœçŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãçŸå液ã§çŸå
ããŠãã¬éåãã€ãããã€ãã§å°ãªããšãäžåã®
äžæ§ã®é²å ãŸãã¯ä»ã®é©åœãªã«ããªåŠçãè¡ãª
ããåŒãç¶ããŠçºè²çŸåãè¡ãªãããšã«ããè²çŽ
éœç»åãåŸãã«ã©ãŒå転æ³ïŒè²çŽ ãå«ãåçä¹³å€
å±€ãé²å åŸçŸåããŠéç»åãã€ããããããæŒçœ
觊åªãšããŠè²çŽ ãæŒçœããéè²çŽ æŒçœæ³ãªã©ãçš
ããããã ã«ã©ãŒçŸå液ã¯ãäžè¬ã«çºè²çŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãã¢
ã«ã«ãªæ§æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ããæããçºè²çŸåäž»è¬ã¯å ¬ç¥ã®
äžçŽè³éŠæã¢ãã³çŸåå€ãäŸãã°ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢
ãã³é¡ïŒäŸãã°ïŒâã¢ããâïŒïŒ®âãžãšãã«ã¢
ããªã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããâïŒïŒ®âãžãš
ãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¢ããââãšãã«ââβ
âããããã·ãšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâ
ã¢ããââãšãã«ââβâããããã·ãšãã«
ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããââãšãã«
ââβâã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ãã¢ãããšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒ
âã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ââãšãã«ââβâã¡
ããã·ãšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãªã©ïŒãçšããããšãã§ã
ãã ãã®ä»L.F.A.MasonèPhotographic
Processing ChemistryïŒFocal Pressåã1966幎ïŒ
ã®226ã229é ãç±³åœç¹èš±2193015å·ãå2592364
å·ãç¹éæ48â64933å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ãçšã
ãŠããã ã«ã©ãŒçŸå液ã¯ãã®ã»ãPHç·©è¡å€ãçŸåæå¶å€
ãªããã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãªã©ãå«ãããšãã§ããããŸ
ãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠã硬氎è»åå€ãä¿æå€ãææ©æº¶
å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€ãè²çŽ 圢æã«ãã©ãŒã競äºã«ãã©
ãŒããã¶ããå€ãè£å©çŸåè¬ãç²æ§ä»äžå€ãããª
ã«ã«ãã³é žç³»ãã¬ãŒãå€ãé žåé²æ¢å€ãªã©ãå«ã
ã§ãããã ãããæ·»å å€ã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ã
ãŒãžã€ãŒïŒRDâ17643ïŒã®ä»ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4083723å·ã西ç¬å ¬éïŒOLSïŒ2ã622950å·ãªã©ã«
èšèŒãããŠããã çºè²çŸååŸã®åçä¹³å€å±€ã¯éåžžãæŒçœåŠçãã
ããæŒçœåŠçã¯å®çåŠçãšåæã«è¡ãªãããŠãã
ãããåæã«è¡ãªãããŠãããæŒçœå€ãšããŠã¯é
ïŒïŒãã³ãã«ãïŒïŒãã¯ãã ïŒïŒãé ïŒïŒãª
ã©ã®å€äŸ¡éå±ã®ååç©ãéé žé¡ãããã³é¡ããã
ãã³ååç©ãªã©ãçšããããã æŒçœãŸãã¯æŒçœå®ç液ã«ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±3042520
å·ãå3241966å·ãç¹å ¬æ45â8506å·ãç¹å ¬æ45
â8836å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒã®æŒçœä¿é²å€ãç¹éæ53â
65732å·ã«èšèŒã®ããªãŒã«ååç©ã®ä»ãçš®ã ã®æ·»
å å€ãå ããããšãã§ããã 以äžã«å®æœäŸãæãæ¬çºæã詳现ã«èª¬æããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ããªã¢ã»ããŒããã€ã«ã ããŒã¹äžã«ã以äžã®é
åºã«ç¬¬ïŒã第12å±€ãå¡åžããŠãã«ã©ãŒå転åçæ
å ææãäœã€ãã 第ïŒå±€ïŒãã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢å±€ïŒé»è²ã³ãã€ãéã
å«æãããŒã©ãã³å±€ïŒã 第ïŒå±€ïŒãŒã©ãã³äžéå±€ã ïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâãªã¯ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãã
ãžããã«ãã¿ã¬ãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãšãã«100c.c.ã«
溶解ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãšé«éæ¹æã
ãŠåŸãããä¹³åç©ãïŒKgãååŠå¢æããŠããªã埮
ç²åä¹³å€ïŒç²åãµã€ãº0.06ÎŒãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ æ²èåé
ä¹³å€ïŒïŒKgãšãšãã«10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³1.5Kgã«æ··åãã
也ç¥èå2ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããïŒéé0.4ïœïŒ
m2ïŒã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäœæ床赀æä¹³å€å±€ ãšãŒçŽ ã€ãªã³ã4.0ã¢ã«ïŒ å«æããããã«ãžãš
ããæ³ã«ããè¡šé¢äœãšãŒãåæ²èåéä¹³å€ãäžèš
æ¹æ³ã«ãããŠèª¿è£œããã 60âã«ä¿æž©ããåå¿æ§œäžã«ãæ°ŽïŒ1000c.c.ãäžæŽ»
æ§ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ25ïœæ²åã«ãªãŠã ïŒïŒïœãèåã«ãª
ãŠã ïŒ10ïœãååšãããé£ç¶ããŠæ¹æããã ãã®åå¿æ§œãžãæ°Ž300c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ããç¡é žé100ïœ
ãšæ°Ž250ïœã«æº¶è§£ããèåã«ãªãŠã 85ïœã®åã ã®
溶液ã36åéé£ç¶ããŠæ·»å ãããç¶ããŠãä¹³å€ã
å·åŽããŠåºåããããŒããªã³ã°ããæ°Žã§æŽæµã«å¯
溶ç©è³ªãé€ãã ç¶ããŠèåã«ãªãŠã ïŒã¢ã«æº¶æ¶²ã§pAgïŒ9.0ã«
調ç¯ããåå¿æ§œã®æž©åºŠã60âã«ä¿ã¡ããžããªãµã«
ãã¢ã€ãéïŒïŒé žãããªãŠã 0.01ã¢ã«æº¶æ¶²ãïŒ
mlïŒKgä¹³å€æ·»å ã30åçæããã ãã®æ¹æ³ã§åŸãå¹³åç²ä¿0.6ÎŒïœã®æ²èåéä¹³å€
ã«æ²åã«ãªãŠã ã5.20Ã10-4ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«âAgã®
å²åã§æ·»å ããããã«ãâïŒã§ç€ºãããå¢æè²
çŽ ãïŒÃ10-4ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«âAgããããŠåŒ·è²å¢æ
å€ãšããŠâ17ã§ç€ºãããååç©ãïŒÃ10-5ã¢
ã«ïŒã¢ã«âAgã®å²åã§æ·»å ããŠã該ç²åã«åžç
ãããèµ€ææ²èåéä¹³å€ã調補ãããã®ïŒKgã«å¯Ÿ
ãã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã§ããïŒâïŒããã¿ãã«ãªãã
ãã«ã¢ããïŒâïŒâïœ2â²âïŒ2â³.4â³âãžâïœâã¢ãã
ããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ããïœâããšããŒã«100ïœ
ããããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ãã¹ããšãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãš
ãã«100c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãš
é«éæ¹æããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©500ïœããæ··åã也
ç¥èå1ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžãããïŒéé0.5ïœïŒ
m2ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒå±€ïŒé«æèµ€æä¹³å€å±€ 第ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³å€ãšé¡äŒŒã®ããã²ã³åéç²å圢ææ¹
æ³ã§ãšãŒãå«é6.0ã¢ã«ïŒ ãç²åãµã€ãº1.0ÎŒïœã®
æ²èåéç²åã圢æãã第ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³å€ãšåæ§ã®è±
å¡©ãååŠå¢æå·¥çšã«ãã調補ããä¹³å€ã«æ²åã«ãª
ãŠã ã2.10Ã10-4ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã®å²åã§æ·»å ãã
ããã«âïŒã§ç€ºãããå¢æè²çŽ ãïŒÃ10-4ã¢
ã«ïŒã¢ã«AgããããŠåŒ·è²å¢æå€ãšããŠâ17ã§
瀺ãããååç©ãïŒÃ10-6ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã®å²å
ã§æ·»å ããŠè©²ç²åã«åžçããããèµ€ææ§æ²èåé
ä¹³å€ã調補ãããã®ïŒKgã«âã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãïŒâïŒããã¿ãã«ãªãããã«ã¢ããïŒâïŒâ
ïœ2â²âïŒ2â³.4â³âãžâïœâã¢ããããšããã·ïŒããã«
ã¢ããïœâããšããŒã«100ïœããããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ãã¹
ããšãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãšãã«100c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ãã10
ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãšé«éæ¹æããŠåŸãããä¹³
åç©1000ïœããæ··åã也ç¥èå2.5ÎŒã«ãªãããã«
å¡åžãããïŒéé0.8ïœïŒm2ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒå±€ïŒäžéå±€ 2.5âãžâïœâãªã¯ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãããž
ããã«ãã¿ã¬ãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãšãã«100c.c.ã«æº¶
解ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã«æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãšé«éæ¹æããŠ
åŸãããä¹³åç©ïŒKgãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒKgã«æ··å
ãã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäœæç·æä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãïŒâïŒ2.4.6âããªã¯ããããšãã«ïŒâïŒâïœïŒâ
ïŒ2.4âãžâïœâã¢ãã«ããšããã·ã¢ã»ã¿ããïŒã
ã³ãºã¢ããïœâïŒâãã©ãŸãã³ãçšããä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒ
å±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©300ïœãã
ç·ææ§ã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgïŒé70ïœããŒã©ãã³60
ïœãå«ã¿ããšãŒãå«éã¯ïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也
ç¥èå1.3ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžãããïŒéé1.1ïœïŒ
m2ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒå±€ïŒé«æç·æä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãïŒâïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¯ããããšãã«ïŒâïŒâ
ïœïŒâïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâã¢ãã«ããšããã·ã¢ã»ã¿
ããïŒãã³ãºã¢ããïœâïŒâãã©ãŸãã³ãçšãã
ä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©
1000ïœããç·ææ§ã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgïŒé70ïœã
ãŒã©ãã³60ïœãå«ã¿ããšãŒãå«éã¯ïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒã«
æ··åãã也ç¥èå3.5ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã
ïŒéé1.1ïœïŒm2ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒå±€ïŒé»è²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ é»è²ã³ãã€ãéãå«ãä¹³å€ãã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«
ãªãããå¡åžããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäœæéæä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ã€ãšããŒã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãαâïŒãããã€ã«ïŒâαâïŒïŒâãã³ãžã«âïŒâ
ãšããã·âïŒâããã³ãã€ãã«ïŒâïŒâã¯ããâ
ïŒâããã·ã«ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãã
çšããä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸããã
ä¹³åç©1000ïœããéææ§ã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgïŒé
70ïœããŒã©ãã³60ïœãå«ã¿ããšãŒãå«éã¯ïŒã¢ã«
ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå1.5ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžã
ããïŒéé0.4ïœïŒm2ïŒ ç¬¬10å±€ïŒé«æéæä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ã€ãšããŒã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãαâïŒãããã€ã«ïŒâαâïŒïŒâãã³ãžã«âïŒâ
ãšããã·âïŒâããã³ãã€ãã«ïŒâïŒâã¯ããâ
ïŒâããã·ã«ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãã
çšããä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸããã
ä¹³åç©1000ïœããéææ§ã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgïŒé
70ïœããŒã©ãã³60ïœãå«ã¿ããšãŒãå«éã¯ïŒã¢ã«
ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå3ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžã
ããïŒéé0.8ïœïŒm2ïŒ ç¬¬11å±€ïŒç¬¬ïŒä¿è·å±€ 10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã也ç¥èå2ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åž
ããã 第12å±€ïŒç¬¬ïŒä¿è·å±€ è¡šé¢ããã¶ããã埮ç²åä¹³å€ïŒç²åãµã€ãº
0.06ÎŒãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ æ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒãå«ã10ïŒ ãŒã©
ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãéå¡åžé0.1ïœïŒm2ã也ç¥èå0.8ÎŒ
ã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã 以äžã®ããã«ããŠäœè£œããè©Šæãè©ŠæïŒãšã
ãã æ¬æã«èšèŒããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæ
ããçš®ã ã®ååç©ã第ïŒå±€äœæ床赀æä¹³å€å±€ã«è¡š
âïŒã®åŠãã«æ·»å ããŠè©Šæ11ã16ã調補ãããæ¯
èŒå¯Ÿç §è©ŠæãšããŠäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæ
ããããã€çŸåæ§ã«åœ±é¿ããããŒãååç©â
ïŒãâïŒãè¡šâïŒã®åŠãã«æ·»å ããŠãè©Šæ21ã
26ã調補ããã åŸãããè©Šæã4800ãã®å æºã«ãŠãé²å é¢ç §åºŠ
1000ã«ãã¯ã¹ã®ããšã«ãŠçœè²å ã«ãŠã»ã³ã·ãã¡ã
ãªãŒçšãŠãšããžãéããŠé²å ãã次ãã§åŸèšã®å
転æšæºåŠçããã³å転å¢æåŠçãè¡ã€ãŠè²ç»åã
åŸãã ããã§çšããåŠçå·¥çšåã³åŠç液ã¯ä»¥äžã®éã
ã§ããã æšæºåŠçå·¥çš å·¥ çš æé 枩床 第äžçŸå ïŒå 38â æ°Ž æŽ ïŒå ã å 転 ïŒå ã çºè²çŸå ïŒå ã 調 æŽ ïŒå ã æŒ çœ ïŒå ã å® ç ïŒå ã æ°Ž æŽ ïŒå ã å® å® ïŒå åžžæž© 也 ç¥ å¢æåŠçå·¥çš å·¥ çš æé 枩床 第äžçŸå 10å 38â æ°Ž æŽ ïŒå ã å 転 ïŒå ã çºè²çŸå ïŒå ã 調 æŽ ïŒå ã æŒ çœ ïŒå ã å® ç ïŒå ã æ°Ž æŽ ïŒå ã å® å® ïŒå åžžæž© 也 ç¥ åŠç液ã®çµæã¯ä»¥äžã®ãã®ãçšããã 第äžçŸå液 æ°Ž 700ml ããã©ããªãªã³é žãããªãŠã ïŒïœ äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 20ïœ ãã€ããããã³ã»ã¢ãã¹ã«ããªããŒã 30ïœ çé žãããªãŠã ïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 30ïœ ïŒâããšãã«ã»ïŒã¡ãã«ã»ïŒâããããã·ã¡ãã«
âïŒãã©ãŸãªãã³ ïŒïœ èåã«ãªãŠã 2.5ïœ ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã«ãªãŠã 1.2ïœ ãšãŠåã«ãªãŠã ïŒ0.1ïŒ æº¶æ¶²ïŒ ïŒml æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml ïŒPH10.1ïŒ å転液 æ°Ž 700ml ãããã»ïŒ®ã»ïŒ®ã»ïŒ®âããªã¡ãã¬ã³ãªã¹ãã³é žã»
6Naå¡© ïŒïœ å¡©å第ïŒã¹ãºïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ ïŒïœ ïœâã¢ããããšããŒã« 0.1ïœ æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ïŒïœ æ°·é ¢é ž 15ml æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml çºè²çŸå液 æ°Ž 700ml ããã©ããªãªã³é žãããªãŠã ïŒïœ äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã ïŒïœ 第ïŒãªã³é žãããªãŠã ïŒ12æ°Žå¡©ïŒ 36ïœ èåã«ãªãŠã ïŒïœ åŠåã«ãªãŠã ïŒ0.1ïŒ æº¶æ¶²ïŒ 90ml æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ïŒïœ ã·ãã©ãžã³é ž 1.5ïœ ïŒ®ã»ãšãã«ââïŒÎ²âã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ããªã³ã¢ãã
ãšãã«ïŒâïŒã»ã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããã¢ããªã³ã»ç¡«
é žå¡© 11ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ ïŒïœ æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml 調æŽæ¶² æ°Ž 700ml äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 12ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ãããã©é ¢é žãããªãŠã ïŒïŒæ°Ž
å¡©ïŒ ïŒïœ ããªã°ãªã»ãªã³ 0.4ml æ°·é ¢é ž ïŒml æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml æŒçœæ¶² æ°Ž 800ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é žãããªãŠã ïŒïŒæ°Ž
å¡©ïŒ 2.0ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é žéïŒïŒã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 120.0ïœ èåã«ãªãŠã 100.0ïœ æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml å®ç液 æ°Ž 800ml ããªç¡«é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 80.0ïœ äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 5.0ïœ éäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 5.0ïœ æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml å®å®æ¶² æ°Ž 800ml ãã«ããªã³ïŒ37ééïŒ ïŒ 5.0ml å¯å£«ãã©ã€ãŠãšã« 5.0ml æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml åŸãããè©Šæã«ã€ããŠãã®ã·ã¢ã³ç»åã®å åŠæ¿
床ãèµ€ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒãéããŠæž¬å®ããå¢æçŸåæ§ã
è©äŸ¡ãããç¹æ§æ²ç·ãããäžå®æ¿åºŠïŒïŒ€ïŒ1.00ïŒ
ã®ã·ã¢ã³æ¿åºŠãåŸãã«å¿ èŠãªé²å éã®éæ°ã®å¯Ÿæ°
ã§ãã€ãŠæ床ã衚瀺ããã åŸãããçµæãè¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãã æ¬çºæãçšããè©ŠæïŒè©Šæçªå·11ã13ã14ã
16ïŒã§ã®çµæãã¿ããšãååç©ïŒ©âïŒïŒïŒ©âïŒã®
éã調ç¯ããããšã«ããå¢æå¹ ãåºãç¯å²ã«ãã
ã€ãŠèªåšã«èª¿ç¯ããããšãã§ããããšããããã
ïŒïŒ©âïŒã§ã¯0.25ãã0.15ãŸã§0.20ã®ç¯å²ãâïŒ
ã§ã¯0.45ãã0.27ãŸã§0.18ã®ç¯å²ïŒäžæ¹ãæ¯èŒå¯Ÿ
ç §ãšããŠç€ºããè©ŠæïŒè©Šæçªå·21ã23ã24ã26ïŒ
ã§ã®çµæãã¿ããšååç©âïŒã§ã¯ãã®é調ç¯ã
ãŠãå¢æå¹ ã®èª¿ç¯ã§ããç¯å²ã¯å°ããïŒ0.45ãã
0.40ãŸã§0.05ã®ç¯å²ïŒãâïŒã§ã¯ããåºãã
ïŒ0.45ãã0.36ãŸã§0.09ã®ç¯å²ïŒæšæºåŠçæã®æ床
äœäžãèããïŒ1.00ãã0.80ãžæžæïŒããã®ãã
ã«æ¬çºæã§çšããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããååç©
ãçšãããšå¥œãŸããå¢æå¹ ã調ç¯ããããšãã§ã
ãã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
å®æœäŸ ïŒ
å®æœäŸïŒã§çšããè©ŠæïŒã«ãããŠãå¢æè²çŽ ãš
ããŠâïŒã§ç€ºããããã®ã®ãããã«ãäžè¬åŒ
ïŒïŒã§è¡šããããä»ã®ååç©âïŒãïŒãâ
ïŒã«ãããã®ãšåé䜿çšããããã«ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã«â
ïŒãªãååç©ã0.10ïœïŒã¢ã«Agã®å²åã§æ·»å ã
ãŠèª¿è£œããè©ŠæïŒè©Šæ102ã104ïŒã«ã€ããŠã®çµæ
ãè¡šâïŒã«ç€ºããå¢æè²çŽ ãšããŠâïŒã§ç€ºãã
ããã®ãçšããè©ŠæïŒè©Šæ101ïŒã«ã€ããŠãèšã
ãŠãããæ¯èŒå¯Ÿç §ãšããŠäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããã
ãªãååç©âïŒãïŒãâïŒã«ãããã®ãšåé
䜿çšããŠèª¿è£œããè©ŠæïŒè©Šæ105ã107ïŒã«ã€ããŠ
ã®çµæãè¡šâïŒã«ç€ºããã âïŒãïŒãçšããè©Šæã«ã€ããŠã¯å¢æå¹ ã¯
0.42ã0.50ã§ãããâïŒãïŒãçšããè©Šæã§ã®
å¢æå¹ 0.25ã0.30ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠããªã倧ããªå€ã瀺
ããããªãã¡ååç©âïŒãïŒã¯å¢æå¹ ã倧ãã
ããååç©ã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠå¥œé©ã§ããã
ããŠâïŒã§ç€ºããããã®ã®ãããã«ãäžè¬åŒ
ïŒïŒã§è¡šããããä»ã®ååç©âïŒãïŒãâ
ïŒã«ãããã®ãšåé䜿çšããããã«ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã«â
ïŒãªãååç©ã0.10ïœïŒã¢ã«Agã®å²åã§æ·»å ã
ãŠèª¿è£œããè©ŠæïŒè©Šæ102ã104ïŒã«ã€ããŠã®çµæ
ãè¡šâïŒã«ç€ºããå¢æè²çŽ ãšããŠâïŒã§ç€ºãã
ããã®ãçšããè©ŠæïŒè©Šæ101ïŒã«ã€ããŠãèšã
ãŠãããæ¯èŒå¯Ÿç §ãšããŠäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããã
ãªãååç©âïŒãïŒãâïŒã«ãããã®ãšåé
䜿çšããŠèª¿è£œããè©ŠæïŒè©Šæ105ã107ïŒã«ã€ããŠ
ã®çµæãè¡šâïŒã«ç€ºããã âïŒãïŒãçšããè©Šæã«ã€ããŠã¯å¢æå¹ ã¯
0.42ã0.50ã§ãããâïŒãïŒãçšããè©Šæã§ã®
å¢æå¹ 0.25ã0.30ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠããªã倧ããªå€ã瀺
ããããªãã¡ååç©âïŒãïŒã¯å¢æå¹ ã倧ãã
ããååç©ã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠå¥œé©ã§ããã
ãè¡šã
ãã
å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãšãŒçŽ ã€ãªã³ã4.0ã¢ã«ïŒ å«æããããã«ãžãš
ããåæ²èåéä¹³å€ãäžèšæ¹æ³ã«ãããŠèª¿è£œã
ãã 60âã«ä¿æž©ããåå¿æ§œäžã«ãæ°ŽïŒ1000c.c.ãäžæŽ»
æ§ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ25ïœæ²åã«ãªãŠã ïŒïŒïœãèåã«ãª
ãŠã ïŒ10ïœãååšãããé£ç¶ããŠæ¹æããã ãã®åå¿æ§œãžãæ°Ž300c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ããç¡é žé100ïœ
ãšæ°Ž250ïœã«æº¶è§£ããèåã«ãªãŠã 85ïœã®åã ã®
溶液ã36åéé£ç¶ããŠæ·»å ããããã®æ·»å ã®é
äžãããªãã¡æ·»å éå§åŸ18åãçµéããæç¹ã§å
å¡©åéé ž0.001ã¢ã«æº¶æ¶²ã1.2mlæ·»å ãããç¡é žé
溶液ãšèåã«ãªãŠã 溶液ã®æ·»å çµäºåŸãä¹³å€ãå·
åŽããŠåºåããããŒããªã³ã°ããæ°Žã§æŽæµããŠå¯
溶ç©è³ªãé€ãã ç¶ããŠèåã«ãªãŠã ïŒã¢ã«æº¶æ¶²ã§pAgïŒ9.0ã«
調ç¯ããåå¿æ§œã®æž©åºŠã60âã«ä¿ã¡ããžããªãµã«
ãã¢ã€ãéïŒïŒé žãããªãŠã 0.01ã¢ã«æº¶æ¶²ãïŒ
mlïŒKgä¹³å€æ·»å ã30åçæããã ãã®æ¹æ³ã§åŸãå¹³åç²åŸ0.6ÎŒã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ã«
è¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãåŠãéã®æ²åã«ãªãŠã ãšâïŒã§ç€º
ãããå¢æè²çŽ ãïŒÃ10-4ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agããã
ãŠåŒ·è²å¢æå€ãšããŠâ17ã§ç€ºãããååç©ãïŒ
Ã10-5ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã®å²åã§æ·»å ããŠè©²ç²åã«
åžçããããã ãã®ä¹³å€ãå®æœäŸïŒã§çšããè©ŠæïŒã«ããã第
ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³å€ã®ãããã«çšããããã«åå±€ã«ååç©
âïŒã0.38ïœïŒã¢ã«Agã ãæ·»å ããŠèª¿è£œãã
ãã®ãè©Šæ201ã204ãšãããè©Šæã®é²å ãçŸåã
枬å®ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã§ããã è¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãããã«âïŒãâïŒãâ17ã®
çµã¿ãããã®ç³»ã§ç¹ã«æ²åã«ãªãŠã ãæ·»å ãããš
æ床ãäžãã奜ãŸããçµæãåŸãããããšããã
ããâïŒãâïŒãâ17ããã³æ²åã«ãªãŠã
ãå ããç³»ã§å¢æå¹ ãèªåšã«èª¿ç¯ã§ããããšã¯å®
æœäŸïŒã§è¿°ã¹ãããããã€ãŠâïŒãâïŒã
â17ããã³æ²åã«ãªãŠã ãæ·»å ããå Žåã«ã¯ãæ
床ãé«ãããã€å¢æå¹ ãèªåšã«èª¿ç¯ã§ãããšãã
奜ãŸããçµæãåŸãããã
å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãšãŒçŽ ã€ãªã³ã4.0ã¢ã«ïŒ å«æããããã«ãžãš
ããåæ²èåéä¹³å€ãäžèšæ¹æ³ã«ãããŠèª¿è£œã
ãã 60âã«ä¿æž©ããåå¿æ§œäžã«ãæ°ŽïŒ1000c.c.ãäžæŽ»
æ§ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ25ïœæ²åã«ãªãŠã ïŒïŒïœãèåã«ãª
ãŠã ïŒ10ïœãååšãããé£ç¶ããŠæ¹æããã ãã®åå¿æ§œãžãæ°Ž300c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ããç¡é žé100ïœ
ãšæ°Ž250ïœã«æº¶è§£ããèåã«ãªãŠã 85ïœã®åã ã®
溶液ã36åéé£ç¶ããŠæ·»å ããããã®æ·»å ã®é
äžãããªãã¡æ·»å éå§åŸ18åãçµéããæç¹ã§å
å¡©åéé ž0.001ã¢ã«æº¶æ¶²ã1.2mlæ·»å ãããç¡é žé
溶液ãšèåã«ãªãŠã 溶液ã®æ·»å çµäºåŸãä¹³å€ãå·
åŽããŠåºåããããŒããªã³ã°ããæ°Žã§æŽæµããŠå¯
溶ç©è³ªãé€ãã ç¶ããŠèåã«ãªãŠã ïŒã¢ã«æº¶æ¶²ã§pAgïŒ9.0ã«
調ç¯ããåå¿æ§œã®æž©åºŠã60âã«ä¿ã¡ããžããªãµã«
ãã¢ã€ãéïŒïŒé žãããªãŠã 0.01ã¢ã«æº¶æ¶²ãïŒ
mlïŒKgä¹³å€æ·»å ã30åçæããã ãã®æ¹æ³ã§åŸãå¹³åç²åŸ0.6ÎŒã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ã«
è¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãåŠãéã®æ²åã«ãªãŠã ãšâïŒã§ç€º
ãããå¢æè²çŽ ãïŒÃ10-4ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agããã
ãŠåŒ·è²å¢æå€ãšããŠâ17ã§ç€ºãããååç©ãïŒ
Ã10-5ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã®å²åã§æ·»å ããŠè©²ç²åã«
åžçããããã ãã®ä¹³å€ãå®æœäŸïŒã§çšããè©ŠæïŒã«ããã第
ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³å€ã®ãããã«çšããããã«åå±€ã«ååç©
âïŒã0.38ïœïŒã¢ã«Agã ãæ·»å ããŠèª¿è£œãã
ãã®ãè©Šæ201ã204ãšãããè©Šæã®é²å ãçŸåã
枬å®ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã§ããã è¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãããã«âïŒãâïŒãâ17ã®
çµã¿ãããã®ç³»ã§ç¹ã«æ²åã«ãªãŠã ãæ·»å ãããš
æ床ãäžãã奜ãŸããçµæãåŸãããããšããã
ããâïŒãâïŒãâ17ããã³æ²åã«ãªãŠã
ãå ããç³»ã§å¢æå¹ ãèªåšã«èª¿ç¯ã§ããããšã¯å®
æœäŸïŒã§è¿°ã¹ãããããã€ãŠâïŒãâïŒã
â17ããã³æ²åã«ãªãŠã ãæ·»å ããå Žåã«ã¯ãæ
床ãé«ãããã€å¢æå¹ ãèªåšã«èª¿ç¯ã§ãããšãã
奜ãŸããçµæãåŸãããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ äžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ç¹°è¿ãåäœãæããåå
ç©åã³äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãå«æã
ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒæå æ
æã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ ããã§ãR1ã¯âORãâSRããåŒããè¡šã ããããã³Râ²ã¯ããããããæ°ŽçŽ ååãççŽ
æ°ïŒã12ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãããããã·ã¢ã«ãã«åºã
ã¹ã«ãã¢ã«ãã«ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒåºãã«ã«ããã·
ã«ã¢ã«ãã«ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒåºãã¢ã©ã«ãã«åºã
ãŸãã¯ã¹ã«ãïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒâãã«ã«ããã·ã«
ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒâãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«âã
ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·âãããã¯ããã²ã³â
ã®çœ®æåºããã€ããããã¯ãããªãççŽ æ°ïŒã12
ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºããŸãã¯ã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºã瀺ãã
ãŸãã¯ïŒ²ããã³Râ²ããšãã«ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ç°ããã
ã¯ââãå«ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ç°ã圢æããŠããŠãã
ãã R2ãR3ãR4ããã³R5ã¯ããããããæ°ŽçŽ åå
ãŸãã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šããã Y1ãY2ãY3ããã³Y4ã¯ããããããççŽ æ°ïŒ
ã12ã®ããªã¡ãã¬ã³åºãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«
åºã§çœ®æãããççŽ æ°ïŒã12ã®ããªã¡ãã¬ã³åºãŸ
ãã¯ã¹ã«ãïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒâãã«ã«ããã·ã«
ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®å¡©ïŒâãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«âã
ããã¯ããã²ã³âã®çœ®æåºããã€ããããã¯ãã
ãªãã¢ãªã¬ã³åºããŸãã¯ã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³åºãè¡š
ããã ã¯ââãâSO2âãŸãã¯âCH2âãè¡šããã ïœããã³ïœã¯ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒãè¡šããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ ïŒåŒäžãã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãããã¯çœ®æ
ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããR1ãR2ã¯ããããåäžãŸ
ãã¯ç°ã€ãŠããŠããããã¢ã«ãã«åºã眮æã¢ã«ã
ã«åºãŸãã¯ã¢ãªã«åºãè¡šãããäœããR1ãR2ã®
ãã¡ãå°ããšãïŒã€ã¯é žçœ®æåºãæããã¢ã«ãã«
åºã§ããã ããã³ïŒ¹ã¯ããããåäžãŸãã¯ç°ã€ãŠããŠã
ãããæ°ŽçŽ ååãããã²ã³ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã
ãããã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãã¢ã·ã«åºãã¢ã·ã«ãª
ãã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«
åºãããã¯çœ®æã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«
åºãããã¯çœ®æã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãã·ã¢ãåºãã«
ã«ããã·ã«åºãã¹ã«ãåºãããªãã«ãªãã¡ãã«
åºãããšãã«åºãŸãã¯ãã³ãŸçž®åç°ãè¡šãããäœ
ãããŸãã¯ïŒ¹ã®å°ããšãïŒã€ã¯ããããã·åºã
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãŸãã¯ã«
ã«ããã·ã«åºãè¡šããã ã¯ã¢ããªã³ãè¡šãããïœã¯ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒãè¡šã
ããè²çŽ ãååå å¡©ã圢æãããšãã¯ïœïŒïŒã§ã
ããïŒ ïŒ ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒæå ææäžã®ä¹³å€ç²å
ã¯ãè¡šé¢äœãšãŒãåã®æ²èåéç²åã§ãã€ãŠãã
ãã«æ·±ã200â«ãŸã§è¡šé¢ãããã¯äºè¡šé¢éšåã«ã
ãã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœã10-7ã10-2ã¢ã«ã®æ²çŽ ã€ãª
ã³ãåžçãããã¯ããã²ã³å€æãããŠå«æããã
ããã®ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬
ïŒé ã®ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒæå ææã
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59028134A JPS60172039A (ja) | 1984-02-17 | 1984-02-17 | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©âæå ææ |
| US06/702,754 US4556633A (en) | 1984-02-17 | 1985-02-19 | Silver halide color light-sensitive materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59028134A JPS60172039A (ja) | 1984-02-17 | 1984-02-17 | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©âæå ææ |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60172039A JPS60172039A (ja) | 1985-09-05 |
| JPH0349420B2 true JPH0349420B2 (ja) | 1991-07-29 |
Family
ID=12240297
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59028134A Granted JPS60172039A (ja) | 1984-02-17 | 1984-02-17 | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©âæå ææ |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4556633A (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPS60172039A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0648375B2 (ja) * | 1986-04-04 | 1994-06-22 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | è²çŽ æ±æã®é²æ¢ãããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®åŠçæ¹æ³ |
| JPH066233U (ja) * | 1991-12-13 | 1994-01-25 | å倫 äžå³¶ | 飲æçšå®¹åš |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2704718A (en) * | 1954-07-20 | 1955-03-22 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic supersensitizing combinations comprising alkoxycarbocyanine dyes |
| JPS5722094B2 (ja) * | 1974-12-24 | 1982-05-11 | ||
| US4199360A (en) * | 1974-12-24 | 1980-04-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method for spectrally sensitizing photographic light-sensitive emulsions |
-
1984
- 1984-02-17 JP JP59028134A patent/JPS60172039A/ja active Granted
-
1985
- 1985-02-19 US US06/702,754 patent/US4556633A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60172039A (ja) | 1985-09-05 |
| US4556633A (en) | 1985-12-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0144091B1 (en) | Silver halide photographic emulsion | |
| JPH0331245B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0614173B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ | |
| JPH0117565B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0138295B2 (ja) | ||
| US4764455A (en) | Color image-forming process | |
| JPH0644133B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| US4675279A (en) | Silver halide photographic materials containing tabular silver halide grains and a specified sensitizing dye | |
| JPH07113746B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0458618B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH02132434A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0138299B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH07199390A (ja) | åçèŠçŽ åã³åçæ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0349420B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0326374B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0322970B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS6132839A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0356618B2 (ja) | ||
| JP2519026B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH049942A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ | |
| JPS6227731A (ja) | ã«ã©âåçç»åã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³ | |
| JPH032286B2 (ja) | ||
| JP2579220B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææ | |
| JPH08254786A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€åã³ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0766158B2 (ja) | é«æ床ã§ã»âãã©ã€ãã«ããªãæ¹åããããã¬åããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |