JPH0138295B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0138295B2 JPH0138295B2 JP58008181A JP818183A JPH0138295B2 JP H0138295 B2 JPH0138295 B2 JP H0138295B2 JP 58008181 A JP58008181 A JP 58008181A JP 818183 A JP818183 A JP 818183A JP H0138295 B2 JPH0138295 B2 JP H0138295B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- silver halide
- emulsion
- silver
- layer
- shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 88
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 58
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 20
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 16
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical group [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 8
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Substances [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanamide Chemical compound CCCC(N)=O DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPKOXRWEGSFCHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(C)(C)C)(=O)C(C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1)(N1C(N(C(C1=O)OCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C(=O)OC(CCC(C)Cl)CCCCCCC Chemical compound C(C(C)(C)C)(=O)C(C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1)(N1C(N(C(C1=O)OCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C(=O)OC(CCC(C)Cl)CCCCCCC PPKOXRWEGSFCHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJGMBLNIHDZDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Ethylaniline Chemical compound CCNC1=CC=CC=C1 OJGMBLNIHDZDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JEHKKBHWRAXMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfinic acid Chemical compound O[S@@](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JEHKKBHWRAXMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OIPQUBBCOVJSNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L bromo(iodo)silver Chemical compound Br[Ag]I OIPQUBBCOVJSNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidin-3-one Chemical class O=C1CCNN1 NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-2,3-dichloro-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(\Cl)=C(/Cl)C=O LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRHUHDUEXWHZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dihydropyrazol-5-one Chemical compound O=C1CC=NN1 ZRHUHDUEXWHZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLVACWCCJCZITJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,3-diol Chemical compound OC1OCCOC1O YLVACWCCJCZITJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIQZJFKTROUNPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin Chemical compound CC1(C)N(CO)C(=O)NC1=O SIQZJFKTROUNPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole Chemical compound SC1=NN=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3,5-di(prop-2-enoyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBKZKSWKRXFZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylsulfonylpropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CS(=O)(=O)C=C LBKZKSWKRXFZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGDWUQFZMXWDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-oxido-1,3-thiazole Chemical group [O-]S1=CN=C=C1 YGDWUQFZMXWDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPVMVJXYXFUVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-ethyltetradecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCC(CC)CCCCCCCCCCCN KPVMVJXYXFUVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-tetrazol-1-ium-5-thiolate Chemical class SC1=NN=NN1 JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLDZVCMRASJQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=C(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)C=C1O CLDZVCMRASJQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKQCSJBQLWJEPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 IKQCSJBQLWJEPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKUDHBLDJYZZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-1h-1,3,5-triazin-4-one Chemical compound OC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 YKUDHBLDJYZZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTLHLXYADXCVCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-amino-n-ethyl-3-methylanilino)ethanol Chemical compound OCCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1 QTLHLXYADXCVCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFXLRLQSHRNHCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-amino-n-ethylanilino)ethanol Chemical compound OCCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 WFXLRLQSHRNHCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMSDCGXQALIMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid;iron Chemical compound [Fe].OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O LMSDCGXQALIMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWZOJDWOQYTACD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylsulfonyl-n-[2-[(2-ethenylsulfonylacetyl)amino]ethyl]acetamide Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)CC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CS(=O)(=O)C=C QWZOJDWOQYTACD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(C)=O SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCABLKFGYPIVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(CC#N)=O)=CC2=C1 GCABLKFGYPIVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWIRCRREDNEXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitro-1h-indazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C([N+](=O)[O-])=NNC2=C1 OWIRCRREDNEXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRZDIHADHZSFBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-n,3-diphenylpropanamide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XRZDIHADHZSFBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1,3-thiazole-2-thione Chemical class SC1=NC=CS1 OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLNKRLLYLJYWEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2,2-dibutoxyethoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCOC(OCCCC)COC(=O)CCC(O)=O YLNKRLLYLJYWEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFIQGRISGKSVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol Chemical compound CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZFIQGRISGKSVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBTWVJKPQPQTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-diethyl-2-methylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1 XBTWVJKPQPQTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-diethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFAJEKUNEVVYCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-ethyl-4-n-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound COCCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1 FFAJEKUNEVVYCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIQKIFWTIQDQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-1,3-oxazole-2-thione Chemical compound S=C1OCC=N1 GIQKIFWTIQDQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetyl tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCCCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCCCC QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical class OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLTGXBUIHCQPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-I O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+] Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+] XLTGXBUIHCQPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- LIHWHSFUYJUXQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.[Na].C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)N(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O Chemical compound O.O.[Na].C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)N(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O LIHWHSFUYJUXQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Taurine Natural products NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005599 alkyl carboxylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiosulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002648 azanetriyl group Chemical group *N(*)* 0.000 description 1
- ZFSFDELZPURLKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound N.O.O ZFSFDELZPURLKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical group N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COPHVUDURPSYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dioctyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCCCCCC COPHVUDURPSYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005205 dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XWVQUJDBOICHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl nonanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC XWVQUJDBOICHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002012 dioxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)([O-])OC1=CC=CC=C1 ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carbonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ALBYIUDWACNRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanamide Chemical compound CCCCCC(N)=O ALBYIUDWACNRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AKCUHGBLDXXTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-oxo-phenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical class SS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AKCUHGBLDXXTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PTFYQSWHBLOXRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazo[4,5-e]indazole Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC=NC2=C2C=NN=C21 PTFYQSWHBLOXRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N mucochloric acid Natural products OC1OC(=O)C(Cl)=C1Cl ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002832 nitroso derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dicarboxybenzene Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VECVSKFWRQYTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VECVSKFWRQYTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005691 oxidative coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxymethurea Chemical compound OCNC(=O)NCO QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005308 oxymethurea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenidone Chemical compound N1C(=O)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002006 poly(N-vinylimidazole) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019252 potassium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003142 primary aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2-thiol Chemical class SC1=NC=CC=N1 HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004964 sulfoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KSYNLCYTMRMCGG-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O KSYNLCYTMRMCGG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole-4-thiol Chemical class SC1=CSN=N1 JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005323 thioketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJPOTNJJCSJJPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(C(=O)OCCCC)=CC(C(=O)OCCCC)=C1 NJPOTNJJCSJJPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003639 trimesic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/50—Reversal development; Contact processes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
- G03C2001/03535—Core-shell grains
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
æ¬çºæã¯ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åã
å«æããã«ã©ãŒå転åçæå ææãããã²ã³åé
ã®æº¶å€ãå«æããçŸå液ã§çŸåããæ¹æ³ã«é¢ãã
ç¹ã«éåžžã«èãã·ãšã«ã§è¢«èŠãããã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãš
ã«åããã²ã³åéãå«æããã«ã©ãŒå転åçæå
ææïŒä»¥äžãåã«ãææããšèšãïŒã®çŸåæ¹æ³ã«
é¢ããã ããã²ã³åéã®æå æ³¢é·åã¯ãäŸãã°èåéã§
ã¯çŽ«å€éšãã480mÎŒã§ããåŠããéè²å ãŸã§ã§ã
ãã人éã®ç®ãæããæ³¢é·åãšã¯èããç°ãªã€ãŠ
ãããããã²ã³åéãã®ãã®ã®æ床ïŒå³ã¡éè²å
ãŸã§ã®å ã«å¯Ÿããæ床ïŒãåœæ¥çã§ã¯ããã²ã³å
éã®åºææ床ãšç§°ããŠããã ããã²ã³åéã®æ床ãããã«é·æ³¢é·åãŸã§åºã
ãæ段ãšããŠäºãããå¢æè²çŽ ãçšããã¹ãã¯ã
ã«å¢ææè¡ã¯åœæ¥çã®åšç¥æè¡ã§ãããæ°å€ãã®
ç 究ãçºãããŠæ¥ãŠããã å¢æè²çŽ ãçšããŠã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æããæè¡ã¯æ
æã®æå åãåºããæ段ãšããŠãç¹ã«ã«ã©ãŒææ
ã«ã¯äžå¯æ¬ ã®æ段ã§ã¯ããããæå åãåºãããš
ãã倧ããªå¹æãšãšãã«ãéã«åèšããã²ã³åé
ã®åºææ床ãäœäžãããŠããŸããšããæ¬ ç¹ããæ
ããŠããã ãã®çºãåºææ床ã®äœäžã極åæããŠãå¹çã
ãã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æããæ¹æ³ãçš®ã ãç 究ãããŠæ¥
ãã ããšãã°ãå¢æè²çŽ ã®äœ¿çšéãã§ããã ãå°ãª
ãããŠåºææ床ã®äœäžãé²æ¢ããæ¹æ³ãç¥ãããŠ
ããããå¢æè²çŽ ã®äœ¿çšéãå°ãªãããšãããé
ã«ã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æã®çšåºŠãäžå åãšãªãæ¬ ç¹ãæ
ããŠããã ããã«ãå¢æè²çŽ ãšããŠç¹å®ã®æ§é ãæããè²
çŽ ãçšããäºã«ããã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æã®å¹çãåäž
ãããæè¡ãæ°å€ãçºãããŠæ¥ãŠããããã¹ãã¯
ãã«å¢æã®å¹çãã®ãã®ãæªã äžå åã§ããããŸ
ããããã²ã³åéææã®ä¿åäžã®çµæå£åã䌎ãª
ããšããé²å åŸãçŸååŠçãããŸã§ã®æéã«ãã
ãã²ã³åéäžã«åœ¢æãããæœåãéè¡ããŠããŸã
çã®æ¬ ç¹ã䌎ãªãçå¿ ãããçŸç¶ã®æè¡ã¯æºè¶³ã§
ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã è¿å¹Žãããã²ã³åéææã¯ããé«æ床ã§ããã
ãšã匷ãæãŸããŠãããã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æãå¹çç
ã«è¡ãªãæ¹æ³ã®éçºã¯åœæ¥çã§åŒ·ãæãŸããŠãã
ãã®ã®ïŒã€ã§ããã åŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ã第ïŒã«å¹ççãªã¹ãã¯
ãã«å¢æãäžããããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転ææã®
çŸåæ¹æ³ãæäŸããããšã«ããã 第ïŒã«ãæœåéè¡æ§ãçµæå®å®æ§ã«ç§ãé«æ床
ãäžããããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転ææã®çŸåæ¹æ³
ãæäŸããããšã«ããã æ¬çºæã®ãããã®ç®çã¯ãæ¯æäœäžã«å°ãªããš
ãïŒå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãæããŠæãããã²
ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転ææãçŸååŠçããæ¹æ³ã«æŒ
ãŠã該ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€äžã«ãã·ãšã«åã25ãª
ãã150Aã§ããã³ã¢ãŒã®è¡šé¢ãååŠå¢æåŠçã
ããŠãããã·ãšã«è¡šé¢ã¯ååŠå¢æåŠçãããŠããª
ãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åãå«æãã
ãã€ç¬¬ïŒçŸå液äžã«ããã²ã³åéã®æº¶å€ãå«æã
ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転ææ
ã®çŸåæ¹æ³åã³åããã²ã³åéææã«ããéæã
ããã ããã«ãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åãš
ã¯ãäžæŠãã³ã¢ãŒãšãªãããã²ã³åéç²åã圢æ
ããåŸããã®è¡šé¢ãååŠå¢æåŠçããåŸããã
ã«ãã³ã¢ãŒè¡šé¢ãããã²ã³åéã§è¢«èŠããããšã«
ããã·ãšã«ã圢æããäºãç¹åŸŽãšããããã²ã³å
éç²åã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åã®
ã³ã¢ãŒéšåã®ããã²ã³åéãšããŠã¯æ²åéãïŒã
10ã¢ã«ïŒ å«æããæ²èåéã§ããäºã奜ãŸããã
ã·ãšã«éšåã®ããã²ã³åéãšããŠã¯æ²åéãïŒã
10ã¢ã«ïŒ å«æããæ²èåéã§ããäºã奜ãŸããã
ããã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãã·ãšã«éšã®ããã²ã³åéãšã
ãŠã¯ãæ²åéãïŒãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ å«æããæ²èåéã
çšããã®ããããã³ã¢ãŒéšåãšã·ãšã«éšåã§ã¯ã
ãã²ã³åéã®çµæãåãã§ãã€ãŠãç°ãªã€ãŠããŠ
ãããã æ¬çºæã«æŒãŠãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åé
ã®èª¿è£œæ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯ãç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªããäŸãã°ã
ã³ã¢ãŒéšåãã·ã³ã°ã«ãžãšããæ³ãããã«ãžãšã
ãæ³ãåã¯pAgãå¶åŸ¡ããããã«ãžãšããæ³ãªã©
ã«ãã圢æãããã®è¡šé¢ãéå¢æå€ãç¡«é»å¢æ
å€ãéå å¢æå€ãªã©éåžžã®ååŠå¢æå€ãçšããŠåŠ
çããåŸãããã«ãããã«ãžãšããæ³åã¯pAgã
å¶åŸ¡ããããã«ãžãšããæ³ã«ããéååç©ãšãã
ã²ã³ååç©ãåææ·»å ããããšã«ããã³ã¢ãŒè¡šé¢
ã«ã·ãšã«ã圢æããããšã«ããã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«å
ããã²ã³åéã調補ããããšãåºæ¥ãã ã³ã¢ãŒãååŠå¢æåŠçããæ¹æ³ã«é¢ããŠã¯ãäŸ
ãã°H.Frieserç·šDie Grundlagen der
Photographischen Prozesse mit
SilberhalogenidenïŒAkademische
Verlagsgesellschaftã1968ïŒ675ã734é ã«èšèŒ
ã®æ¹æ³ãçšããããšãã§ããã ããªãã¡ã掻æ§ãŒã©ãã³ãéãšåå¿ãåŸãç¡«é»
ãå«ãååç©ïŒäŸãã°ãããªç¡«é žå¡©ãããªå°¿çŽ
é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ããååç©é¡ãããŒããã³é¡ïŒãçšã
ãç¡«é»å¢ææ³ïŒéå æ§ç©è³ªïŒäŸãã°ã第äžãã
å¡©ãã¢ãã³é¡ãããã©ãžã³èªå°äœããã«ã ã¢ããž
ã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žãã·ã©ã³ååç©ïŒãçšããéå å¢
ææ³ïŒè²Žéå±ååç©ïŒäŸãã°ãéé¯å¡©ã®ã»ãã
PtãIrãPdãªã©ã®åšæåŸè¡šæã®éå±ã®é¯å¡©ïŒ
ãçšãã貎éå±å¢ææ³ãªã©ãåç¬ãŸãã¯çµåããŠ
çšããããšãã§ããã ãããã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãç¡«é»å¢ææ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±ç¬¬1574944å·ãå第2410689å·ãå第2278947
å·ãå第2728668å·ãå第3656955å·çãéå å¢æ
æ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2983609å·ãå第2419974
å·ãå第4054458å·çã貎éå±å¢ææ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2399083å·ãå第2448060å·ãè±åœç¹èš±
第618061å·ã®åæ现æžã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åã®
ç¹åŸŽã¯ãã·ãšã«åã極ããŠèãããšã«ããããã
ã«ãã®ã·ãšã«åã®èãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³
åéç²åãããã²ã³åéã®æº¶å€ãå«æããçŸå液
ã§çŸåããããšã«ãããäžè¬çãªã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«
åããã²ã³åéç²åã¯åœæ¥çã§ã¯ããç¥ãããŠã
ãã äŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3206313å·ã«ã¯ååŠå¢æãã
ãã³ã¢ãŒã®è¡šé¢ãååŠå¢æããŠãªãã·ãšã«ã§è¢«èŠ
ããããšã«ãããè¡šé¢æ床ãäœããå éšæ床ã®é«
ãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åã調補ãçž
ååäžè»çãæ¹è¯ããæè¡ãé瀺ãããŠãããã
該ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åã®ã·ãšã«éš
åã¯ãã³ã¢ãŒéšåã®0.25ãïŒåã¢ã«ïŒã·ãšã«åã«
ããŠçŽ300ã8000AïŒãããã極ããŠã·ãšã«ãå
ããæ¬çºæã®å¹æãå åå¥ããäºã¯åºæ¥ãªããå³
ã¡ã·ãšã«ãåãããçºãããšãããã²ã³åéã®æº¶
å€ãå«ãçŸå液ã§åŠçããŠããã³ã¢ãŒè¡šé¢ã®æœå
ãå®å šã«çŸåããäºãäžå¯èœãªãããå åãªæ床
ã¯åŸãããªãã åæ§ã«ç¹å ¬æ55â12579å·ã«ãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«
åããã²ã³åéç²åãé瀺ãããŠãããããã®å®
æœäŸäžã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã®ã·ãšã«åãšããŠã¯çŽ
1500Aãšæ¥µããŠåãçºãæ¬çºæã®å¹æãå åå¥ã
åŸãªãã åãç¹éæ57â154232å·ã«ã¯æ²èåéãããªã
ã³ã¢ãŒã®è¡šé¢ã«åã100ã1000Aã®æ²åéãå«ãŸ
ãªãã·ãšã«ãæããã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³å
éç²åã«ããæ床åã³ã«ããŒãªã³ã°ãã¯ãŒãæ¹è¯
ããæè¡ãé瀺ãããŠãããããã®å®æœäŸããæ
ãããªåŠãã該ç¹éæã«æŒãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åã
ãã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãã®ã·ãšã«è¡šé¢ã«ååŠå¢æåŠç
ãæœããã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéã¯ãã·
ãšã«è¡šé¢ã¯å®è³ªçã«ååŠå¢æåŠçãããŠããªãäº
ã«ç¹åŸŽãããããã®çç±ã¯ãå¢æè²çŽ ãããã²ã³
åéç²åè¡šé¢ã«åžçããéã«ãååŠå¢ææ žã«çŽæ¥
æ¥è§Šããããšã«ããçããæœåã®ç Žå£ãªã©ã®æªåœ±
é¿ãé²æ¢ããçºã«ã·ãšã«ãèšããŠååŠå¢ææ žãšå¢
æè²çŽ ãåé¢ããããã§ããã åŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åé
ç²åè¡šé¢ã¯ååŠå¢æåŠçãããŠããªãããšãå¿ é
ã§ããããã®ç¹ã«æŒãŠè©²ç¹éæãšã¯ç°ãªããã®ã§
ããã ããã«ãè±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1458764å·ã«ã¯ãã³ã¢ãŒã®
è¡šé¢ã«ååŠå¢ææ žã圢æãããã該ååŠå¢ææ žã
ãªãéšåã®ã¿ã·ãšã«ã§è¢«èŠã該ååŠå¢ææ žãå¹ã®
ã¿äžã«é 眮ãããããã«ãããã®ã·ãšã«ã®åã
ïŒå³ã¡å¹ã¿ã®æ·±ãïŒãæ Œåé¢ã§ïŒã50ã®ããè¿ã
åäœçšåºŠãšããããšã«ããè¡šé¢çŸå液ã§çŸåãã
éã®å¢æè²çŽ ã«ããæžæãé²æ¢ããæè¡ãé瀺ã
ããŠããã ããããªãã該è±åœç¹èš±ã¯ãååŠå¢ææ žãå¹ã¿
ã®äžã«ååšãããã®ã®ãã®è¡šé¢ã¯é²åºããŠããäº
åã³çšããçŸå液äžã«ããã²ã³åé溶å€ãå«æã
ãŠããªãç¹ã«æŒãŠæ¬çºæãšã¯ç°ãªããã®ã§ããã åè¿°ã®åŠãæ¬çºæã®ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³
åéç²åã®ã·ãšã«åã¯25ãªãã150Aã§ããããš
ã«ç¹åŸŽãããã ã·ãšã«ã150Aããåããšãããšãããã²ã³å
é溶å€ãå«ãçŸå液ã§åŠçããŠããã³ã¢ãŒè¡šé¢ã«
圢æãããæœåãå åçŸåããããªãçºãçŸåé²
è¡æ§ãæªããã®çµæå åã¯æ床ãåŸãããªãçã®
奜ãŸãããªãçµæãšãªãã éã«ã·ãšã«ã25Aããèããšãã³ã¢ãŒè¡šé¢ã®å
åŠå¢ææ žãå å被èŠãåŸãªãçºãå¢æè²çŽ ã«ãã
åºææ床ã®äœäžãçã奜ãŸãããªãçµæãšãªãã æ¬çºæã®ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åã®
倧ããã«ç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªãããäŸãã°0.1ã5ÎŒmã
ç¹ã«0.1ã3ÎŒmã§ããããšã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®çŸå液äžã«çšããããããã²ã³åé溶
å€ãšããŠã¯ãSCN-ãSO3 2-ãS2O5 2-ãS2O3 2-ãª
ã©ãååŠçš®ãšããååç©ãæããããšãåºæ¥ãã å ·äœçã«ã¯KSCNãNaSCNãK2SO3ã
Na2SO3ãK2S2O5ãNa2S2O5ãK2S2O3ã
Na2S2O3ãªã©ãæããããšãã§ããã ãããã®ããã²ã³åé溶å€ã®äœ¿çšéã¯ãäœãã«
å°ãªããããšçŸåé²è¡ãé ããªããéã«å€ããã
ãšããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã«ãã¶ããçããããçºãèª
ã奜ãŸãã䜿çšéãååšãããããã®éã®æ±ºå®ã¯
åœæ¥è ã容æã«ãªããããã®ã§ããã ããšãã°SCN-ãçšããå Žåã¯çŸå液ïŒåœã
0.005ã0.02ã¢ã«ãç¹ã«0.01ã0.015ã¢ã«ã§ããã
ãšã奜ãŸãããSO3 2-ãçšããå Žåã¯ã0.05ãïŒ
ã¢ã«ãç¹ã«0.1ã0.5ã¢ã«ã§ããããšã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã¯ãã¡ãã³è²çŽ é¡ãã®ä»ã«ã
ã€ãŠã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æãããããããã®å¢æè²çŽ ã¯
åç¬ã«çšããŠããããããããã®çµåããçšããŠ
ããããå¢æè²çŽ ã®çµåãã¯ç¹ã«åŒ·è²å¢æã®ç®ç
ã§ãã°ãã°çšãããããå¢æè²çŽ ãšãšãã«ããã
èªèº«ã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æäœçšããããªãè²çŽ ãããã¯
å¯èŠå ãå®è³ªçã«åžåããªãç©è³ªã§ãã€ãŠã匷è²
å¢æã瀺ãç©è³ªãä¹³å€äžã«å«ãã§ãããã æçšãªå¢æè²çŽ ã匷è²å¢æã瀺ãè²çŽ ã®çµåã
åã³åŒ·è²å¢æã瀺ãç©è³ªã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã¹ã¯ããŒ
ãžã€ïŒResearch DisclosureïŒ176å·»17643ïŒ1978
幎12æçºè¡ïŒç¬¬23é ã®ïŒªé ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æçšãªå¢æè²çŽ ã¯äŸãã°ãã€ãç¹èš±929080å·ã
ç±³åœç¹èš±2493748å·ãå2503776å·ãå2519001å·ã
å2912329å·ãå3656959å·ãå3672897å·ãå
4025349å·ãè±åœç¹èš±1242588å·ãç¹å ¬æ44â
14030å·ã«èšèŒããããã®ã§ããã ãããã®å¢æè²çŽ ã¯åç¬ã«çšããŠãããããã
ããã®çµåããçšããŠããããå¢æè²çŽ ã®çµåã
ã¯ç¹ã«åŒ·è²å¢æã®ç®çã§ãã°ãã°çšãããããã
ã®ä»£è¡šäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2688545å·ãå2977229å·ãå
3397060å·ãå3522052å·ãå3527641å·ãå
3617293å·ãå3628964å·ãå3666480å·ãå
3672898å·ãå3679428å·ãå3814609å·ãå
4026707å·ãè±åœç¹èš±1344281å·ãç¹å ¬æ43â4937
å·ãå53â12375å·ãç¹éæ52â110618å·ãå52
â109925å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®ãã®ä»ã®æ§æãäŸãã°ããã²ã³åéæ
æã®æ¯æäœãå±€æ§æãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ã
ã®ä»ã®åçå±€ã®æ·»å å€ïŒäŸãã°å®å®å€ã硬èå€ã
ãã€ã³ããŒãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãã«ã©ãŒã«ãã©ãŒãéè²
é²æ¢å€ãé«æ²žç¹ææ©æº¶å€ã玫å€ç·åžåå€ãææã
ãããå€ãããªããŒã©ããã¯ã¹ãçïŒãçŸå液æ
åãæŒçœæ¶²ãå®ç液ãæŒçœå®ç液æåçã«ã€ããŠ
ã¯ç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªããåèšResearch Disclosure第
176巻第22ã31ã®èšèŒãåèã«ããããšãã§ããã
ããšãã°åçä¹³å€å±€åã¯ãã®ä»ã®å±€ã®çµåå€ãŸã
ã¯ä¿è·ã³ãã€ããšããŠã¯ããŒã©ãã³ãçšããã®ã
æå©ã§ãããããã以å€ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããçšã
ãããšãã§ããã ããšãã°ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœããŒã©ãã³ãšä»ã®é«å
åãšã®ã°ã©ããããªããŒãã¢ã«ããã³ãã«ãŒã€ã³
çã®èçœè³ªïŒããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã«ã«
ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã»ã«ããŒãºç¡«é žãšã¹ã
ã«é¡çã®åŠãã»ã«ããŒã¹èªå°äœãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãœãŒ
ãã柱ç²èªå°äœãªã©ã®ç³èªå°äœïŒããªããã«ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ãããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«éšåã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã«ã
ããªââããã«ãããªãã³ãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žã
ããªã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããªã
ãã«ã€ãããŸãŒã«ãããªããã«ãã©ãŸãŒã«çã®å
äžãããã¯å ±éåäœã®åŠãå€çš®ã®åæ芪氎æ§é«å
åç©è³ªãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã«ã¯ãæå ææã®è£œé å·¥çšã
ä¿åäžãããã¯åçåŠçäžã®ã«ããªãé²æ¢ããã
ããã¯åçæ§èœãå®å®åãããç®çã§ãçš®ã ã®å
åç©ãå«æãããããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ã¢ãŸãŒ
ã«é¡ããšãã°ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã å¡©ããããã€ã³
ããŸãŒã«é¡ãããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒ
ã«é¡ïŒç¹ã«ãããâãŸãã¯ããã²ã³çœ®æäœïŒïŒã
ããç°ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©é¡ããšãã°ã¡ã«ã«ããã
ã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡
ã«ã«ãããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢
ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸãŒã«é¡ïŒç¹ã«
ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸãŒã«ïŒã
ã¡ã«ã«ããããªããžã³é¡ïŒã«ã«ããã·ã«åºãã¹ã«
ãã³åºãªã©ã®æ°Žæº¶æ§åºãæããäžèšã®ãããç°ã¡
ã«ã«ããååç©é¡ïŒããªã±ãååç©ããšãã°ãªã
ãµãŸãªã³ããªã³ïŒã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ããšãã°ããã©
ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒç¹ã«ïŒâããããã·çœ®æïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒïŒ3aïŒïŒïŒããã©ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒïŒãã³ãŒã³
ããªã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ããã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žïŒãªã©
ã®ãããªã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãŸãã¯å®å®å€ãšããŠç¥ãã
ãå€ãã®ååç©ãå ããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã«ã¯ãåçä¹³å€å±€ãã®ä»
ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«ç¡æ©ãŸãã¯ææ©ã®ç¡¬èå€ã
å«æããŠãããäŸãã°ã¯ãã å¡©ïŒã¯ãã æã°ãã
é ¢é žã¯ãã ãªã©ïŒãã¢ã«ãããé¡ïŒãã«ã ã¢ã«ã
ãããã°ãªãªããµãŒã«ãã°ã«ã¿ãŒã«ã¢ã«ããããª
ã©ïŒãâã¡ãããŒã«ååç©ïŒãžã¡ãããŒã«å°¿çŽ ã
ã¡ãããŒã«ãžã¡ãã«ããã³ãã€ã³ãªã©ïŒããžãªã
ãµã³èªå°äœïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã·ãžãªããµã³ãª
ã©ïŒã掻æ§ããã«ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ã¯
ãªãã€ã«âãããµãããâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒ
ïŒâããã«ã¹ã«ããã«âïŒâãããããŒã«ãªã©ïŒã
掻æ§ããã²ã³ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã«âïŒâã
ãããã·âïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãªã©ïŒãã ã³ããã²ã³
é žé¡ïŒã ã³ã¯ãã«é žãã ã³ããšããã·ã¯ãã«é žãª
ã©ïŒããªã©ãåç¬ãŸãã¯çµåãããŠçšããããšã
ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ãŸãã¯ä»ã®èŠªæ°Ž
æ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«ã¯å¡åžå©å€ã垯é»é²æ¢ãã¹ããªæ§
æ¹è¯ãä¹³ååæ£ãæ¥çé²æ¢ããã³åçç¹æ§æ¹è¯
ïŒããšãã°çŸåä¿é²ã硬調åãå¢æïŒãªã©çš®ã ã®
ç®çã§çš®ã ã®çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå«ãã§ãããã ããšãã°ãµããã³ïŒã¹ããã€ãç³»ïŒãã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªããµã€ãèªå°äœïŒäŸãã°ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒããªãããã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çž®åç©ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãŸãã¯ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢
ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãœã«ã
ã¿ã³ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ã¢ãã³ãŸãã¯ã¢ããé¡ãã·ãªã³ãŒã³ã®ããªãš
ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãä»å ç©é¡ïŒãã°ãªã·ããŒã«èªå°
äœïŒããšãã°ã¢ã«ã±ãã«ã³ãã¯é žããªã°ãªã»ãª
ããã¢ã«ãã«ããšããŒã«ããªã°ãªã»ãªãïŒãå€äŸ¡
ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®èèªé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãç³ã®ã¢ã«ãã«ãš
ã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®éã€ãªã³æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢ã«ãã«
ã«ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ã
ã«ãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ããã¿ã¬ã³
ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«
ãã«ãªã³é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãâã¢ã·ã«ââã¢ã«ã
ã«ã¿ãŠãªã³é¡ãã¹ã«ãã³ãã¯é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¹ã«
ãã¢ã«ãã«ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ããšãã«
ãšãŒãã«é¡ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ãªã³é ž
ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®ãããªãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ã
åºããã¹ãåºãç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«åºãçé žãšã¹ãã«åº
çã®é žæ§åºãå«ãã¢ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢ããé ž
é¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ã
ã«ç¡«é žãŸãã¯çé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¿ã€ã³
é¡ãã¢ãã³ãªãã·ãé¡ãªã©ã®äž¡æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢
ã«ãã«ã¢ãã³å¡©é¡ãèèªæãããã¯è³éŠæ第ïŒçŽ
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããªãžããŠã ãã€ãããŸãªãŠ
ã ãªã©ã®è€çŽ ç°ç¬¬ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããã³
èèªæãŸãã¯è€çŽ ç°ãå«ããã¹ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ã¹
ã«ãããŠã å¡©é¡ãªã©ã®ã«ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãçšã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ã«ã¯è²åœ¢æ
ã«ãã©ãŒãããªãã¡çºè²çŸååŠçã«ãããŠè³éŠæ
ïŒçŽã¢ãã³çŸåè¬ïŒäŸãã°ãããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³
èªå°äœããã¢ããããšããŒã«èªå°äœãªã©ïŒãšã®é ž
åã«ãããªã³ã°ã«ãã€ãŠçºè²ãããååç©ãå«ã
ã§ããããäŸãã°ãããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠãïŒ
âãã©ãŸãã³ã«ãã©ãŒããã©ãŸããã³ãã€ãããŸ
ãŒã«ã«ãã©ãŒãã·ã¢ãã¢ã»ãã«ã¯ããã³ã«ãã©
ãŒãééã¢ã·ã«ã¢ã»ããããªã«ã«ãã©ãŒçãã
ããã€ãšããŒã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠãã¢ã·ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ã
ãã«ãã©ãŒïŒäŸãã°ãã³ãŸã€ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªã
é¡ããããã€ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãé¡ïŒãçãããã
ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠãããããŒã«ã«ãã©ãŒãã
ãã³ããšããŒã«ã«ãã©ãŒãçãããããããã®ã«
ãã©ãŒã¯ååäžã«ãã©ã¹ãåºãšãã°ããçæ°Žåºã
æããéæ¡æ£ã®ãã®ãæãŸãããã«ãã©ãŒã¯éã€
ãªã³ã«å¯ŸãïŒåœéæ§ãããã¯ïŒåœéæ§ã®ã©ã¡ãã§
ãããããŸãè²è£æ£ã®å¹æããã€ã«ã©ãŒãã«ãã©
ãŒããããã¯çŸåã«ãšããªã€ãŠçŸåæå¶å€ãæŸåº
ããã«ãã©ãŒïŒããããDIRã«ãã©ãŒïŒã§ãã€ãŠ
ãããããŸãDIRã«ãã©ãŒä»¥å€ã«ããã«ãããªã³
ã°åå¿ã®çæç©ãç¡è²ã§ãã€ãŠçŸåæå¶å€ãæŸåº
ããç¡åè²DIRã«ãããªã³ã°ååç©ãå«ãã§ãã
ãã ã«ãã©ãŒãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ã«å°å ¥ããã«ã¯
å ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ããšãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±2322027å·ã«èšèŒã®
æ¹æ³ãªã©ãçšãããããããšãã°ãã¿ãŒã«é žã¢ã«
ãã«ãšã¹ãã«ïŒãžããã«ãã¿ã¬ãŒãããžãªã¯ãã«
ãã¿ã¬ãŒããªã©ïŒããªã³é žãšã¹ãã«ïŒãžããšãã«
ããªã¹ããšãŒããããªããšãã«ããªã¹ããšãŒãã
ããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ããªã¹ããšãŒãããžãªã¯ãã«ããã«
ããªã¹ããšãŒãïŒãã¯ãšã³é žãšã¹ãã«ïŒããšãã°
ã¢ã»ãã«ã¯ãšã³é žããªããã«ïŒãå®æ¯éŠé žãšã¹ã
ã«ïŒããšãã°å®æ¯éŠé žãªã¯ãã«ïŒãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã
ãïŒããšãã°ãžãšãã«ã©ãŠãªã«ã¢ããïŒãèèªé ž
ãšã¹ãã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ãžãããã·ãšãã«ãµã¯ã·ã
ãŒãããžãªã¯ãã«ã¢ãŒã¬ãŒãïŒãããªã¡ã·ã³é žãš
ã¹ãã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ããªã¡ã·ã³é žããªããã«ïŒãª
ã©ããŸãã¯æ²žç¹çŽ30âä¹è³150âã®ææ©æº¶åªãã
ãšãã°é ¢é žãšãã«ãé ¢é žããã«ã®ããšãäœçŽã¢ã«
ãã«ã¢ã»ããŒããããããªã³é žãšãã«ãïŒçŽãã
ã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãã¡ãã«ã€ãœããã«ã±ãã³ãβâãš
ããã·ãšãã«ã¢ã»ããŒããã¡ãã«ã»ããœã«ãã¢ã»
ããŒãçã«æº¶è§£ããã®ã¡ã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãã«åæ£
ããããäžèšã®é«æ²žç¹ææ©æº¶åªãšäœæ²žç¹ææ©æº¶åª
ãšãæ··åããŠçšããŠãããã ãŸãç¹å ¬æ51â39853å·ãç¹éæ51â59943å·ã«
èšèŒãããŠããéåç©ã«ããåæ£æ³ã䜿çšããã
ãšãã§ããã ã«ãã©ãŒãã«ã«ãã³é žãã¹ã«ããªã³é žã®ããšã
é žåºãæããå Žåã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšããŠ
芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãäžã«å°å ¥ãããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã«ã¯ã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«çŽ«
å€ç·åžåå€ãå«ãã§ãããããšãã°ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§
眮æããããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ååç©ãïŒâãã¢
ãŸãªãã³ååç©ããã³ãŸããšãã³ååç©ãæ¡ç®é ž
ãšã¹ãã«ååç©ããã¿ãžãšã³ååç©ããã³ãŸãªã
ãµãŸãŒã«ååç©ãããã«çŽ«å€ç·åžåæ§ã®ããªããŒ
ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ããããããã®çŽ«å€ç·åžå
å€ã¯äžèšèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€äžã«åºå®ãããŠãã
ãã æ¬çºæãå®æœããã«éããŠäžèšã®å ¬ç¥ã®éè²é²
æ¢å€ã䜵çšããããšãã§ãããŸãæ¬çºæã«çšãã
è²åå®å®å€ã¯åç¬ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžäœµçšããããšã
ã§ãããå ¬ç¥ã®éè²é²æ¢å€ãšããŠã¯ããã€ããã
ãã³èªå°äœã没é£åé žèªå°äœãïœâã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã
ãšããŒã«é¡ãïœâãªãã·ããšããŒã«èªå°äœåã³ã
ã¹ããšããŒã«é¡çãããã æ¬çºæã¯æ¯æäœäžã«å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ç°ãªãå
å æ床ãæããå€å±€å€è²å転åçææã«ãé©çšã§
ãããå€å±€ã«ã©ãŒå転åçææã¯ãéåžžæ¯æäœäž
ã«èµ€ææ§ä¹³å€å±€ãç·ææ§ä¹³å€å±€ãããã³éææ§ä¹³
å€å±€ãåã å°ãªããšãäžã€æããããããã®å±€ã®
é åºã¯å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠä»»æã«ããã¹ããèµ€ææ§ä¹³å€
å±€ã«ã·ã¢ã³åœ¢æã«ãã©ãŒããç·ææ§ä¹³å€å±€ã«ããŒ
ã³ã¿åœ¢æã«ãã©ãŒããéææ§ä¹³å€å±€ã«ã€ãšããŒåœ¢
æã«ãã©ãŒãããããå«ãã®ãéåžžã§ããããå Ž
åã«ããç°ãªãçµåãããšãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçåŠçã«ã¯ãäŸãã°åèšResearch
Disclosure176å·ç¬¬28ã30é ã«èšèŒãããŠããã
ããªãå ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³åã³å ¬ç¥ã®åŠç液ã§çŸå液äžã«
ããã²ã³åé溶å€ãå«æããéç»åã圢æããå
çåŠçïŒé»çœç¬¬ïŒçŸååŠçïŒãé©çšãããåŠçæž©
床ã¯æ®é18âãã50âã®éã«éžã°ãããã18âã
ãäœã枩床ãŸãã¯50âãè¶ãã枩床ãšããŠãã
ãã é»çœåçåŠçããå Žåã«çšããçŸå液ã¯ãç¥ã
ããŠããçŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãããšãã§ãããçŸåäž»è¬
ãšããŠã¯ããžããããã·ãã³ãŒã³é¡ïŒããšãã°ã
ã€ããããã³ïŒãïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³é¡ïŒããšãã°
ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³ïŒãã¢ããããš
ããŒã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ïŒ®âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããš
ããŒã«ïŒãªã©ããåç¬ãããã¯çµåããŠçšããã
ãšãã§ãããçŸå液ã«ã¯äžè¬ã«ãã®ä»å ¬ç¥ã®ä¿æ
å€ãã¢ã«ã«ãªå€ãPHç·©è¡å€ãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãªã©ã
å«ãããšãåºæ¥ãã å®ç液ãšããŠã¯äžè¬ã«çšããããçµæã®ãã®ã
çšããããšãã§ãããå®çå€ãšããŠã¯ããªç¡«é ž
å¡©ãããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ã®ã»ããå®çå€ãšããŠã®å¹æ
ãç¥ãããŠããææ©ç¡«é»ååç©ãçšããããšãã§
ãããå®ç液ã«ã¯ç¡¬èå€ãšããŠæ°Žæº¶æ§ã¢ã«ãããŠ
ã å¡©ãå«ãã§ãããã è²çŽ åã圢æããå Žåã«ã¯åžžæ³ãé©çšã§ããã
ããšãã°ããã¬ããžæ³ïŒäŸãã°âJournal of the
Society of Motion Picture and Television
Engineersâã61å·»ïŒ1953幎ïŒã667ã701é ã«èšèŒ
ãããŠããïŒïŒé»çœçŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãçŸå液ã§çŸå
ããŠãã¬éåãã€ãããã€ãã§å°ãªããšãäžåã®
äžæ§ãªé²å ãŸãã¯ä»ã®é©åœãªã«ããªåŠçãè¡ãª
ããåŒãç¶ããŠçºè²çŸåãè¡ãªãããšã«ããè²çŽ
éœç»åãåŸãã«ã©ãŒå転æ³ïŒã«ã©ãŒçŸå液ã¯ãäž
è¬ã«çºè²çŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ããæ
ããçºè²çŸåäž»è¬ã¯å ¬ç¥ã®äžçŽè³éŠæã¢ãã³çŸå
å€ãäŸãã°ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³é¡ïŒäŸãã°ïŒâã¢
ããâïŒïŒ®âãžãšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«â
ïŒâã¢ããâïŒïŒ®âãžãšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¢
ããââãšãã«ââβâããããã·ãšãã«ã¢
ããªã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããââãšãã«â
âβâããããã·ãšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«
âïŒâã¢ããââãšãã«ââβâã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«
ãã¢ãããšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ã
ã«ââãšãã«ââβâã¡ããã·ãšãã«ã¢ããª
ã³ããªã©ïŒãçšããããšãã§ããã ãã®ä»L.F.A.MasonèPhotographic
Processing ChemistryïŒFocal Pressåã1966幎ïŒ
ã®226ã229é ãç±³åœç¹èš±2193015å·ãå2592364
å·ãç¹éæ48â64933å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ãçšã
ãŠããã ã«ã©ãŒçŸå液ã¯ãã®ã»ãPHç·©è¡å€ãçŸåæå¶å€
ãªããã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãªã©ãå«ãããšãã§ããããŸ
ãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠã硬氎è»åå€ãä¿æå€ãææ©æº¶
åªãçŸåä¿é²å€ãè²çŽ 圢æã«ãã©ãŒã競äºã«ãã©
ãŒããã¶ããå€ãè£å©çŸåè¬ãç²æ§ä»äžå€ãããª
ã«ã«ãã³é žç³»ãã¬ãŒãå€ãé žåé²æ¢å€ãªã©ãå«ã
ã§ãããã çºè²çŸååŸã®åçä¹³å€å±€ã¯éåžžãæŒçœåŠçãã
ããæŒçœåŠçã¯å®çåŠçãšåæã«è¡ãªãããŠãã
ãããåå¥ã«è¡ãªãããŠãããæŒçœå€ãšããŠã¯é
ïŒïŒãã³ãã«ãïŒïŒãã¯ãã ïŒïŒãé ïŒïŒãª
ã©ã®å€äŸ¡éå±ã®ååç©ãéé žé¡ãããã³é¡ããã
ããœååç©ãªã©ãçšããããã æŒçœãŸãã¯æŒçœå®ç液ã«ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±3042520
å·ãå3241966å·ãç¹å ¬æ45â8506å·ãç¹å ¬æ45
â8836å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒã®æŒçœä¿é²å€ãç¹éæ53â
65732å·ã«èšèŒã®ããªãŒã«ååç©ã®ä»ãçš®ã ã®æ·»
å å€ãå ããããšãã§ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãšãŠåé2.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ãå«ããšãŠèåéã®ååæ£
å «é¢äœç²åããæãåçä¹³å€ïŒç²åãµã€ãº
0.2ÎŒmïŒãéå¢æåã³ç¡«é»å¢æããã éå¢æå€ãšããŠã¯åå¡©åéé žãšããã¢ã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã«ãªãŠã ã䜵çšããã ç¡«é»å¢ææ³ãšããŠã¯ãã€ããçšããã ããããŠåŸãããåçä¹³å€ã«ãããã«ç¡é žéæ°Ž
溶液åã³ããã²ã³åã«ãªãŠã 氎溶液ïŒKBråã³
KIã®æ··å氎溶液ïŒãããã«ãžãšããæ³ã«ããå
æã«æ·»å ããŠããšãŠåé2.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ãå«ããšãŠè
åéãããªãã·ãšã«ã被èŠãããã·ãšã«ã®åã
ã¯ã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠãå€åãããã ããããŠåŸãããã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åä¹³å€ã«å¢æ
è²çŽ ãšããŠãïŒïŒ3â²âãžïŒïŒâã¹ã«ããããã«â
ïŒâãšãã«âãããïŒïŒïŒïŒâïœïŒãã¢ã«ã«ãã·
ã¢ãã³ããããªãŠã å¡©åã³ïŒïŒ5â²âãžã¯ãã«â
ïŒïŒ3â²âãžïŒïŒâã¹ã«ãããã«ïŒâïŒâãšãã«ã
ã¢ã«ã«ãã·ã¢ãã³ããããªãŠã å¡©ãæ·»å ãã¹ãã¯
ãã«å¢æããã ããã«ãã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã§ããïŒâïŒããã¿ã
ã«ãªãããã«ã¢ããïŒâïŒâïœ2â²âïŒ2â³ïŒ4â³âãžâ
ïœâã¢ãã«ããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ããïœâããšã
ãŒã«70gãšãïŒâïŒããã¿ãã«ãªãããã«ã¢ããïŒ
âïŒâïœ2â²âïŒ2â³ïŒ4â³âãžâïœâã¢ãã«ããšãã
ã·ïŒããã·ã«ã¢ããïœâããšããŒã«30gã®æ··åç©
ãããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ããªã¹ããšãŒã50c.c.åã³é ¢é žãšã
ã«100c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãšé«
éæ¹æããŠåŸãããä¹³åå€ã®ïŒéšåãå ãããã
ã«å®å®å€ãPH調æŽå€ãå¢ç²å€ãå ãééã20mgïŒ
100cm2ã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã ããã«è©²æå å±€ã®äžã«ãè¡šé¢ä¿è·å±€ãšããŠãŒã©
ãã³ããããå€ãPH調æŽå€ãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå¢ç²
å€ã硬èå€ãããªãå±€ã也ç¥èåã1.5ÎŒmãšãªã
ããã«å¡åžãã也ç¥ããã ããããŠåŸãããè©ŠæïŒãïŒãçšããŠäžèšã®æ¡
件ã§é²å ããã³çŸååŠçãããããã§ã®åŠçã¯ã
ã«ã©ãŒå転åŠçã§ãããã·ã¢ã³è²ã®è²çŽ åãåŸ
ããæ¬åŠçã«ãããŠã¯ç¬¬ïŒçŸåå·¥çšã«ãããŠãã
ãã²ã³åé溶å€ã§ããäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã ãšããªã·
ã¢ã³é žã«ãªãŠã ãå«ãã§ãããåŸãããçµæã第
ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãããé²å ïŒè²æž©åºŠ4800ãã®å æºãçš
ããå åŠãŠãšããžåã³æ³¢é·500nmã®ã·ã€ãŒãã«ã
ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒãéããŠïŒïŒ100ç§éé²å ããã åŠç å·¥ çš æ é æž© 床 第ïŒçŸå 6â² 38â æ°Ž æŽ 2â² ã å 転 2â² ã çºè²çŸå 6â² ã 調 æŽ 2â² ã æŒ çœ 6â² ã å® ç 4â² ã æ°Ž æŽ 4â² ã å® å® 1â² åžžæž© ä¹Ÿç¥ åŠç液åŠæ¹ã¯äžèšã®åŠãã§ããã 第ïŒçŸå æ°Ž 700ml ããã©ããªãªã³é žãããªãŠã 2g äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 20g ãã€ããããã³ã¢ãã¹ã«ãããŒã 30g çé žãããªãŠã ïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 30g ïŒâããšãã«ãïŒâã¡ãã«ãïŒâããããã·ã¡
ãã«âïŒããã©ãŸãªãã³ 2g èåã«ãªãŠã 2.5g ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã«ãªãŠã 1.2g ãšãŠåã«ãªãŠã ïŒ0.1ïŒ æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ ïŒml æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml å転 æ°Ž 700ml ãããªãïŒN.N.Nâããªã¡ãã¬ã³ãã¹ãã³é ž
6Naå¡© 13g å¡©å第ïŒã¹ãºïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 1g æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 8g æ°·é ¢é ž 15ml ãã©ã¢ããããšããŒã« ïŒmg æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml çºè²çŸå æ°Ž 700ml ããã©ããªãªã³é žãããªãŠã 2g äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 7g 第ïŒãªã³é žãããªãŠã ïŒ12æ°Žå¡©ïŒ 36g èåã«ãªãŠã 1g æ²åãããªãŠã ïŒ0.11ïŒ æº¶æ¶²ïŒ 90ml æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 3g ã·ãã©ãžã³é ž 1.5g âãšãã«ââïŒÎ²âã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã¢ãããš
ãã«ïŒâïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããã¢ããªã³ã®ç¡«é ž
å¡© 11g ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ 3g æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml èª¿æŽ æ°Ž 700ml äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 12g ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é ž ãããªãŠã ïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 8g ããªã°ãªã»ã³ 0.4ml æ°·é ¢é ž ïŒml æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml æŒçœ æ°Ž 800ml ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é ž ãããªãŠã ïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 2.0g ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é ž éïŒïŒã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 120.0g èåã«ãªãŠã 100.0g æ°Žãå ã㊠1.0 å®ç æ°Ž 800ml ããªç¡«é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 80.0g äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 5.0g éäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 5.0g æ°Žãå ã㊠1.0 å®å® æ°Ž 800ml ãã«ããªã³ïŒ37ééïŒ ïŒ 5.0ml å¯å£«ãã©ã€ãŠãšã« 5.0ml æ°Žãå ã㊠1.0
å«æããã«ã©ãŒå転åçæå ææãããã²ã³åé
ã®æº¶å€ãå«æããçŸå液ã§çŸåããæ¹æ³ã«é¢ãã
ç¹ã«éåžžã«èãã·ãšã«ã§è¢«èŠãããã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãš
ã«åããã²ã³åéãå«æããã«ã©ãŒå転åçæå
ææïŒä»¥äžãåã«ãææããšèšãïŒã®çŸåæ¹æ³ã«
é¢ããã ããã²ã³åéã®æå æ³¢é·åã¯ãäŸãã°èåéã§
ã¯çŽ«å€éšãã480mÎŒã§ããåŠããéè²å ãŸã§ã§ã
ãã人éã®ç®ãæããæ³¢é·åãšã¯èããç°ãªã€ãŠ
ãããããã²ã³åéãã®ãã®ã®æ床ïŒå³ã¡éè²å
ãŸã§ã®å ã«å¯Ÿããæ床ïŒãåœæ¥çã§ã¯ããã²ã³å
éã®åºææ床ãšç§°ããŠããã ããã²ã³åéã®æ床ãããã«é·æ³¢é·åãŸã§åºã
ãæ段ãšããŠäºãããå¢æè²çŽ ãçšããã¹ãã¯ã
ã«å¢ææè¡ã¯åœæ¥çã®åšç¥æè¡ã§ãããæ°å€ãã®
ç 究ãçºãããŠæ¥ãŠããã å¢æè²çŽ ãçšããŠã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æããæè¡ã¯æ
æã®æå åãåºããæ段ãšããŠãç¹ã«ã«ã©ãŒææ
ã«ã¯äžå¯æ¬ ã®æ段ã§ã¯ããããæå åãåºãããš
ãã倧ããªå¹æãšãšãã«ãéã«åèšããã²ã³åé
ã®åºææ床ãäœäžãããŠããŸããšããæ¬ ç¹ããæ
ããŠããã ãã®çºãåºææ床ã®äœäžã極åæããŠãå¹çã
ãã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æããæ¹æ³ãçš®ã ãç 究ãããŠæ¥
ãã ããšãã°ãå¢æè²çŽ ã®äœ¿çšéãã§ããã ãå°ãª
ãããŠåºææ床ã®äœäžãé²æ¢ããæ¹æ³ãç¥ãããŠ
ããããå¢æè²çŽ ã®äœ¿çšéãå°ãªãããšãããé
ã«ã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æã®çšåºŠãäžå åãšãªãæ¬ ç¹ãæ
ããŠããã ããã«ãå¢æè²çŽ ãšããŠç¹å®ã®æ§é ãæããè²
çŽ ãçšããäºã«ããã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æã®å¹çãåäž
ãããæè¡ãæ°å€ãçºãããŠæ¥ãŠããããã¹ãã¯
ãã«å¢æã®å¹çãã®ãã®ãæªã äžå åã§ããããŸ
ããããã²ã³åéææã®ä¿åäžã®çµæå£åã䌎ãª
ããšããé²å åŸãçŸååŠçãããŸã§ã®æéã«ãã
ãã²ã³åéäžã«åœ¢æãããæœåãéè¡ããŠããŸã
çã®æ¬ ç¹ã䌎ãªãçå¿ ãããçŸç¶ã®æè¡ã¯æºè¶³ã§
ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã è¿å¹Žãããã²ã³åéææã¯ããé«æ床ã§ããã
ãšã匷ãæãŸããŠãããã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æãå¹çç
ã«è¡ãªãæ¹æ³ã®éçºã¯åœæ¥çã§åŒ·ãæãŸããŠãã
ãã®ã®ïŒã€ã§ããã åŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ã第ïŒã«å¹ççãªã¹ãã¯
ãã«å¢æãäžããããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転ææã®
çŸåæ¹æ³ãæäŸããããšã«ããã 第ïŒã«ãæœåéè¡æ§ãçµæå®å®æ§ã«ç§ãé«æ床
ãäžããããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転ææã®çŸåæ¹æ³
ãæäŸããããšã«ããã æ¬çºæã®ãããã®ç®çã¯ãæ¯æäœäžã«å°ãªããš
ãïŒå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãæããŠæãããã²
ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転ææãçŸååŠçããæ¹æ³ã«æŒ
ãŠã該ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€äžã«ãã·ãšã«åã25ãª
ãã150Aã§ããã³ã¢ãŒã®è¡šé¢ãååŠå¢æåŠçã
ããŠãããã·ãšã«è¡šé¢ã¯ååŠå¢æåŠçãããŠããª
ãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åãå«æãã
ãã€ç¬¬ïŒçŸå液äžã«ããã²ã³åéã®æº¶å€ãå«æã
ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転ææ
ã®çŸåæ¹æ³åã³åããã²ã³åéææã«ããéæã
ããã ããã«ãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åãš
ã¯ãäžæŠãã³ã¢ãŒãšãªãããã²ã³åéç²åã圢æ
ããåŸããã®è¡šé¢ãååŠå¢æåŠçããåŸããã
ã«ãã³ã¢ãŒè¡šé¢ãããã²ã³åéã§è¢«èŠããããšã«
ããã·ãšã«ã圢æããäºãç¹åŸŽãšããããã²ã³å
éç²åã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åã®
ã³ã¢ãŒéšåã®ããã²ã³åéãšããŠã¯æ²åéãïŒã
10ã¢ã«ïŒ å«æããæ²èåéã§ããäºã奜ãŸããã
ã·ãšã«éšåã®ããã²ã³åéãšããŠã¯æ²åéãïŒã
10ã¢ã«ïŒ å«æããæ²èåéã§ããäºã奜ãŸããã
ããã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãã·ãšã«éšã®ããã²ã³åéãšã
ãŠã¯ãæ²åéãïŒãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ å«æããæ²èåéã
çšããã®ããããã³ã¢ãŒéšåãšã·ãšã«éšåã§ã¯ã
ãã²ã³åéã®çµæãåãã§ãã€ãŠãç°ãªã€ãŠããŠ
ãããã æ¬çºæã«æŒãŠãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åé
ã®èª¿è£œæ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯ãç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªããäŸãã°ã
ã³ã¢ãŒéšåãã·ã³ã°ã«ãžãšããæ³ãããã«ãžãšã
ãæ³ãåã¯pAgãå¶åŸ¡ããããã«ãžãšããæ³ãªã©
ã«ãã圢æãããã®è¡šé¢ãéå¢æå€ãç¡«é»å¢æ
å€ãéå å¢æå€ãªã©éåžžã®ååŠå¢æå€ãçšããŠåŠ
çããåŸãããã«ãããã«ãžãšããæ³åã¯pAgã
å¶åŸ¡ããããã«ãžãšããæ³ã«ããéååç©ãšãã
ã²ã³ååç©ãåææ·»å ããããšã«ããã³ã¢ãŒè¡šé¢
ã«ã·ãšã«ã圢æããããšã«ããã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«å
ããã²ã³åéã調補ããããšãåºæ¥ãã ã³ã¢ãŒãååŠå¢æåŠçããæ¹æ³ã«é¢ããŠã¯ãäŸ
ãã°H.Frieserç·šDie Grundlagen der
Photographischen Prozesse mit
SilberhalogenidenïŒAkademische
Verlagsgesellschaftã1968ïŒ675ã734é ã«èšèŒ
ã®æ¹æ³ãçšããããšãã§ããã ããªãã¡ã掻æ§ãŒã©ãã³ãéãšåå¿ãåŸãç¡«é»
ãå«ãååç©ïŒäŸãã°ãããªç¡«é žå¡©ãããªå°¿çŽ
é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ããååç©é¡ãããŒããã³é¡ïŒãçšã
ãç¡«é»å¢ææ³ïŒéå æ§ç©è³ªïŒäŸãã°ã第äžãã
å¡©ãã¢ãã³é¡ãããã©ãžã³èªå°äœããã«ã ã¢ããž
ã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žãã·ã©ã³ååç©ïŒãçšããéå å¢
ææ³ïŒè²Žéå±ååç©ïŒäŸãã°ãéé¯å¡©ã®ã»ãã
PtãIrãPdãªã©ã®åšæåŸè¡šæã®éå±ã®é¯å¡©ïŒ
ãçšãã貎éå±å¢ææ³ãªã©ãåç¬ãŸãã¯çµåããŠ
çšããããšãã§ããã ãããã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãç¡«é»å¢ææ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±ç¬¬1574944å·ãå第2410689å·ãå第2278947
å·ãå第2728668å·ãå第3656955å·çãéå å¢æ
æ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2983609å·ãå第2419974
å·ãå第4054458å·çã貎éå±å¢ææ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2399083å·ãå第2448060å·ãè±åœç¹èš±
第618061å·ã®åæ现æžã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åã®
ç¹åŸŽã¯ãã·ãšã«åã極ããŠèãããšã«ããããã
ã«ãã®ã·ãšã«åã®èãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³
åéç²åãããã²ã³åéã®æº¶å€ãå«æããçŸå液
ã§çŸåããããšã«ãããäžè¬çãªã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«
åããã²ã³åéç²åã¯åœæ¥çã§ã¯ããç¥ãããŠã
ãã äŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3206313å·ã«ã¯ååŠå¢æãã
ãã³ã¢ãŒã®è¡šé¢ãååŠå¢æããŠãªãã·ãšã«ã§è¢«èŠ
ããããšã«ãããè¡šé¢æ床ãäœããå éšæ床ã®é«
ãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åã調補ãçž
ååäžè»çãæ¹è¯ããæè¡ãé瀺ãããŠãããã
該ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åã®ã·ãšã«éš
åã¯ãã³ã¢ãŒéšåã®0.25ãïŒåã¢ã«ïŒã·ãšã«åã«
ããŠçŽ300ã8000AïŒãããã極ããŠã·ãšã«ãå
ããæ¬çºæã®å¹æãå åå¥ããäºã¯åºæ¥ãªããå³
ã¡ã·ãšã«ãåãããçºãããšãããã²ã³åéã®æº¶
å€ãå«ãçŸå液ã§åŠçããŠããã³ã¢ãŒè¡šé¢ã®æœå
ãå®å šã«çŸåããäºãäžå¯èœãªãããå åãªæ床
ã¯åŸãããªãã åæ§ã«ç¹å ¬æ55â12579å·ã«ãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«
åããã²ã³åéç²åãé瀺ãããŠãããããã®å®
æœäŸäžã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã®ã·ãšã«åãšããŠã¯çŽ
1500Aãšæ¥µããŠåãçºãæ¬çºæã®å¹æãå åå¥ã
åŸãªãã åãç¹éæ57â154232å·ã«ã¯æ²èåéãããªã
ã³ã¢ãŒã®è¡šé¢ã«åã100ã1000Aã®æ²åéãå«ãŸ
ãªãã·ãšã«ãæããã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³å
éç²åã«ããæ床åã³ã«ããŒãªã³ã°ãã¯ãŒãæ¹è¯
ããæè¡ãé瀺ãããŠãããããã®å®æœäŸããæ
ãããªåŠãã該ç¹éæã«æŒãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åã
ãã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãã®ã·ãšã«è¡šé¢ã«ååŠå¢æåŠç
ãæœããã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéã¯ãã·
ãšã«è¡šé¢ã¯å®è³ªçã«ååŠå¢æåŠçãããŠããªãäº
ã«ç¹åŸŽãããããã®çç±ã¯ãå¢æè²çŽ ãããã²ã³
åéç²åè¡šé¢ã«åžçããéã«ãååŠå¢ææ žã«çŽæ¥
æ¥è§Šããããšã«ããçããæœåã®ç Žå£ãªã©ã®æªåœ±
é¿ãé²æ¢ããçºã«ã·ãšã«ãèšããŠååŠå¢ææ žãšå¢
æè²çŽ ãåé¢ããããã§ããã åŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åé
ç²åè¡šé¢ã¯ååŠå¢æåŠçãããŠããªãããšãå¿ é
ã§ããããã®ç¹ã«æŒãŠè©²ç¹éæãšã¯ç°ãªããã®ã§
ããã ããã«ãè±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1458764å·ã«ã¯ãã³ã¢ãŒã®
è¡šé¢ã«ååŠå¢ææ žã圢æãããã該ååŠå¢ææ žã
ãªãéšåã®ã¿ã·ãšã«ã§è¢«èŠã該ååŠå¢ææ žãå¹ã®
ã¿äžã«é 眮ãããããã«ãããã®ã·ãšã«ã®åã
ïŒå³ã¡å¹ã¿ã®æ·±ãïŒãæ Œåé¢ã§ïŒã50ã®ããè¿ã
åäœçšåºŠãšããããšã«ããè¡šé¢çŸå液ã§çŸåãã
éã®å¢æè²çŽ ã«ããæžæãé²æ¢ããæè¡ãé瀺ã
ããŠããã ããããªãã該è±åœç¹èš±ã¯ãååŠå¢ææ žãå¹ã¿
ã®äžã«ååšãããã®ã®ãã®è¡šé¢ã¯é²åºããŠããäº
åã³çšããçŸå液äžã«ããã²ã³åé溶å€ãå«æã
ãŠããªãç¹ã«æŒãŠæ¬çºæãšã¯ç°ãªããã®ã§ããã åè¿°ã®åŠãæ¬çºæã®ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³
åéç²åã®ã·ãšã«åã¯25ãªãã150Aã§ããããš
ã«ç¹åŸŽãããã ã·ãšã«ã150Aããåããšãããšãããã²ã³å
é溶å€ãå«ãçŸå液ã§åŠçããŠããã³ã¢ãŒè¡šé¢ã«
圢æãããæœåãå åçŸåããããªãçºãçŸåé²
è¡æ§ãæªããã®çµæå åã¯æ床ãåŸãããªãçã®
奜ãŸãããªãçµæãšãªãã éã«ã·ãšã«ã25Aããèããšãã³ã¢ãŒè¡šé¢ã®å
åŠå¢ææ žãå å被èŠãåŸãªãçºãå¢æè²çŽ ã«ãã
åºææ床ã®äœäžãçã奜ãŸãããªãçµæãšãªãã æ¬çºæã®ã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åããã²ã³åéç²åã®
倧ããã«ç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªãããäŸãã°0.1ã5ÎŒmã
ç¹ã«0.1ã3ÎŒmã§ããããšã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®çŸå液äžã«çšããããããã²ã³åé溶
å€ãšããŠã¯ãSCN-ãSO3 2-ãS2O5 2-ãS2O3 2-ãª
ã©ãååŠçš®ãšããååç©ãæããããšãåºæ¥ãã å ·äœçã«ã¯KSCNãNaSCNãK2SO3ã
Na2SO3ãK2S2O5ãNa2S2O5ãK2S2O3ã
Na2S2O3ãªã©ãæããããšãã§ããã ãããã®ããã²ã³åé溶å€ã®äœ¿çšéã¯ãäœãã«
å°ãªããããšçŸåé²è¡ãé ããªããéã«å€ããã
ãšããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã«ãã¶ããçããããçºãèª
ã奜ãŸãã䜿çšéãååšãããããã®éã®æ±ºå®ã¯
åœæ¥è ã容æã«ãªããããã®ã§ããã ããšãã°SCN-ãçšããå Žåã¯çŸå液ïŒåœã
0.005ã0.02ã¢ã«ãç¹ã«0.01ã0.015ã¢ã«ã§ããã
ãšã奜ãŸãããSO3 2-ãçšããå Žåã¯ã0.05ãïŒ
ã¢ã«ãç¹ã«0.1ã0.5ã¢ã«ã§ããããšã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã¯ãã¡ãã³è²çŽ é¡ãã®ä»ã«ã
ã€ãŠã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æãããããããã®å¢æè²çŽ ã¯
åç¬ã«çšããŠããããããããã®çµåããçšããŠ
ããããå¢æè²çŽ ã®çµåãã¯ç¹ã«åŒ·è²å¢æã®ç®ç
ã§ãã°ãã°çšãããããå¢æè²çŽ ãšãšãã«ããã
èªèº«ã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æäœçšããããªãè²çŽ ãããã¯
å¯èŠå ãå®è³ªçã«åžåããªãç©è³ªã§ãã€ãŠã匷è²
å¢æã瀺ãç©è³ªãä¹³å€äžã«å«ãã§ãããã æçšãªå¢æè²çŽ ã匷è²å¢æã瀺ãè²çŽ ã®çµåã
åã³åŒ·è²å¢æã瀺ãç©è³ªã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã¹ã¯ããŒ
ãžã€ïŒResearch DisclosureïŒ176å·»17643ïŒ1978
幎12æçºè¡ïŒç¬¬23é ã®ïŒªé ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æçšãªå¢æè²çŽ ã¯äŸãã°ãã€ãç¹èš±929080å·ã
ç±³åœç¹èš±2493748å·ãå2503776å·ãå2519001å·ã
å2912329å·ãå3656959å·ãå3672897å·ãå
4025349å·ãè±åœç¹èš±1242588å·ãç¹å ¬æ44â
14030å·ã«èšèŒããããã®ã§ããã ãããã®å¢æè²çŽ ã¯åç¬ã«çšããŠãããããã
ããã®çµåããçšããŠããããå¢æè²çŽ ã®çµåã
ã¯ç¹ã«åŒ·è²å¢æã®ç®çã§ãã°ãã°çšãããããã
ã®ä»£è¡šäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2688545å·ãå2977229å·ãå
3397060å·ãå3522052å·ãå3527641å·ãå
3617293å·ãå3628964å·ãå3666480å·ãå
3672898å·ãå3679428å·ãå3814609å·ãå
4026707å·ãè±åœç¹èš±1344281å·ãç¹å ¬æ43â4937
å·ãå53â12375å·ãç¹éæ52â110618å·ãå52
â109925å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®ãã®ä»ã®æ§æãäŸãã°ããã²ã³åéæ
æã®æ¯æäœãå±€æ§æãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ã
ã®ä»ã®åçå±€ã®æ·»å å€ïŒäŸãã°å®å®å€ã硬èå€ã
ãã€ã³ããŒãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãã«ã©ãŒã«ãã©ãŒãéè²
é²æ¢å€ãé«æ²žç¹ææ©æº¶å€ã玫å€ç·åžåå€ãææã
ãããå€ãããªããŒã©ããã¯ã¹ãçïŒãçŸå液æ
åãæŒçœæ¶²ãå®ç液ãæŒçœå®ç液æåçã«ã€ããŠ
ã¯ç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªããåèšResearch Disclosure第
176巻第22ã31ã®èšèŒãåèã«ããããšãã§ããã
ããšãã°åçä¹³å€å±€åã¯ãã®ä»ã®å±€ã®çµåå€ãŸã
ã¯ä¿è·ã³ãã€ããšããŠã¯ããŒã©ãã³ãçšããã®ã
æå©ã§ãããããã以å€ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããçšã
ãããšãã§ããã ããšãã°ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœããŒã©ãã³ãšä»ã®é«å
åãšã®ã°ã©ããããªããŒãã¢ã«ããã³ãã«ãŒã€ã³
çã®èçœè³ªïŒããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã«ã«
ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã»ã«ããŒãºç¡«é žãšã¹ã
ã«é¡çã®åŠãã»ã«ããŒã¹èªå°äœãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãœãŒ
ãã柱ç²èªå°äœãªã©ã®ç³èªå°äœïŒããªããã«ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ãããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«éšåã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã«ã
ããªââããã«ãããªãã³ãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žã
ããªã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããªã
ãã«ã€ãããŸãŒã«ãããªããã«ãã©ãŸãŒã«çã®å
äžãããã¯å ±éåäœã®åŠãå€çš®ã®åæ芪氎æ§é«å
åç©è³ªãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã«ã¯ãæå ææã®è£œé å·¥çšã
ä¿åäžãããã¯åçåŠçäžã®ã«ããªãé²æ¢ããã
ããã¯åçæ§èœãå®å®åãããç®çã§ãçš®ã ã®å
åç©ãå«æãããããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ã¢ãŸãŒ
ã«é¡ããšãã°ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã å¡©ããããã€ã³
ããŸãŒã«é¡ãããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒ
ã«é¡ïŒç¹ã«ãããâãŸãã¯ããã²ã³çœ®æäœïŒïŒã
ããç°ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©é¡ããšãã°ã¡ã«ã«ããã
ã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡
ã«ã«ãããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢
ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸãŒã«é¡ïŒç¹ã«
ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸãŒã«ïŒã
ã¡ã«ã«ããããªããžã³é¡ïŒã«ã«ããã·ã«åºãã¹ã«
ãã³åºãªã©ã®æ°Žæº¶æ§åºãæããäžèšã®ãããç°ã¡
ã«ã«ããååç©é¡ïŒããªã±ãååç©ããšãã°ãªã
ãµãŸãªã³ããªã³ïŒã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ããšãã°ããã©
ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒç¹ã«ïŒâããããã·çœ®æïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒïŒ3aïŒïŒïŒããã©ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒïŒãã³ãŒã³
ããªã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ããã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žïŒãªã©
ã®ãããªã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãŸãã¯å®å®å€ãšããŠç¥ãã
ãå€ãã®ååç©ãå ããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã«ã¯ãåçä¹³å€å±€ãã®ä»
ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«ç¡æ©ãŸãã¯ææ©ã®ç¡¬èå€ã
å«æããŠãããäŸãã°ã¯ãã å¡©ïŒã¯ãã æã°ãã
é ¢é žã¯ãã ãªã©ïŒãã¢ã«ãããé¡ïŒãã«ã ã¢ã«ã
ãããã°ãªãªããµãŒã«ãã°ã«ã¿ãŒã«ã¢ã«ããããª
ã©ïŒãâã¡ãããŒã«ååç©ïŒãžã¡ãããŒã«å°¿çŽ ã
ã¡ãããŒã«ãžã¡ãã«ããã³ãã€ã³ãªã©ïŒããžãªã
ãµã³èªå°äœïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã·ãžãªããµã³ãª
ã©ïŒã掻æ§ããã«ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ã¯
ãªãã€ã«âãããµãããâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒ
ïŒâããã«ã¹ã«ããã«âïŒâãããããŒã«ãªã©ïŒã
掻æ§ããã²ã³ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã«âïŒâã
ãããã·âïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãªã©ïŒãã ã³ããã²ã³
é žé¡ïŒã ã³ã¯ãã«é žãã ã³ããšããã·ã¯ãã«é žãª
ã©ïŒããªã©ãåç¬ãŸãã¯çµåãããŠçšããããšã
ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ãŸãã¯ä»ã®èŠªæ°Ž
æ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«ã¯å¡åžå©å€ã垯é»é²æ¢ãã¹ããªæ§
æ¹è¯ãä¹³ååæ£ãæ¥çé²æ¢ããã³åçç¹æ§æ¹è¯
ïŒããšãã°çŸåä¿é²ã硬調åãå¢æïŒãªã©çš®ã ã®
ç®çã§çš®ã ã®çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå«ãã§ãããã ããšãã°ãµããã³ïŒã¹ããã€ãç³»ïŒãã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªããµã€ãèªå°äœïŒäŸãã°ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒããªãããã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çž®åç©ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãŸãã¯ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢
ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãœã«ã
ã¿ã³ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ã¢ãã³ãŸãã¯ã¢ããé¡ãã·ãªã³ãŒã³ã®ããªãš
ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãä»å ç©é¡ïŒãã°ãªã·ããŒã«èªå°
äœïŒããšãã°ã¢ã«ã±ãã«ã³ãã¯é žããªã°ãªã»ãª
ããã¢ã«ãã«ããšããŒã«ããªã°ãªã»ãªãïŒãå€äŸ¡
ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®èèªé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãç³ã®ã¢ã«ãã«ãš
ã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®éã€ãªã³æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢ã«ãã«
ã«ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ã
ã«ãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ããã¿ã¬ã³
ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«
ãã«ãªã³é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãâã¢ã·ã«ââã¢ã«ã
ã«ã¿ãŠãªã³é¡ãã¹ã«ãã³ãã¯é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¹ã«
ãã¢ã«ãã«ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ããšãã«
ãšãŒãã«é¡ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ãªã³é ž
ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®ãããªãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ã
åºããã¹ãåºãç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«åºãçé žãšã¹ãã«åº
çã®é žæ§åºãå«ãã¢ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢ããé ž
é¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ã
ã«ç¡«é žãŸãã¯çé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¿ã€ã³
é¡ãã¢ãã³ãªãã·ãé¡ãªã©ã®äž¡æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢
ã«ãã«ã¢ãã³å¡©é¡ãèèªæãããã¯è³éŠæ第ïŒçŽ
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããªãžããŠã ãã€ãããŸãªãŠ
ã ãªã©ã®è€çŽ ç°ç¬¬ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããã³
èèªæãŸãã¯è€çŽ ç°ãå«ããã¹ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ã¹
ã«ãããŠã å¡©é¡ãªã©ã®ã«ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãçšã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ã«ã¯è²åœ¢æ
ã«ãã©ãŒãããªãã¡çºè²çŸååŠçã«ãããŠè³éŠæ
ïŒçŽã¢ãã³çŸåè¬ïŒäŸãã°ãããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³
èªå°äœããã¢ããããšããŒã«èªå°äœãªã©ïŒãšã®é ž
åã«ãããªã³ã°ã«ãã€ãŠçºè²ãããååç©ãå«ã
ã§ããããäŸãã°ãããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠãïŒ
âãã©ãŸãã³ã«ãã©ãŒããã©ãŸããã³ãã€ãããŸ
ãŒã«ã«ãã©ãŒãã·ã¢ãã¢ã»ãã«ã¯ããã³ã«ãã©
ãŒãééã¢ã·ã«ã¢ã»ããããªã«ã«ãã©ãŒçãã
ããã€ãšããŒã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠãã¢ã·ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ã
ãã«ãã©ãŒïŒäŸãã°ãã³ãŸã€ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªã
é¡ããããã€ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãé¡ïŒãçãããã
ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠãããããŒã«ã«ãã©ãŒãã
ãã³ããšããŒã«ã«ãã©ãŒãçãããããããã®ã«
ãã©ãŒã¯ååäžã«ãã©ã¹ãåºãšãã°ããçæ°Žåºã
æããéæ¡æ£ã®ãã®ãæãŸãããã«ãã©ãŒã¯éã€
ãªã³ã«å¯ŸãïŒåœéæ§ãããã¯ïŒåœéæ§ã®ã©ã¡ãã§
ãããããŸãè²è£æ£ã®å¹æããã€ã«ã©ãŒãã«ãã©
ãŒããããã¯çŸåã«ãšããªã€ãŠçŸåæå¶å€ãæŸåº
ããã«ãã©ãŒïŒããããDIRã«ãã©ãŒïŒã§ãã€ãŠ
ãããããŸãDIRã«ãã©ãŒä»¥å€ã«ããã«ãããªã³
ã°åå¿ã®çæç©ãç¡è²ã§ãã€ãŠçŸåæå¶å€ãæŸåº
ããç¡åè²DIRã«ãããªã³ã°ååç©ãå«ãã§ãã
ãã ã«ãã©ãŒãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ã«å°å ¥ããã«ã¯
å ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ããšãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±2322027å·ã«èšèŒã®
æ¹æ³ãªã©ãçšãããããããšãã°ãã¿ãŒã«é žã¢ã«
ãã«ãšã¹ãã«ïŒãžããã«ãã¿ã¬ãŒãããžãªã¯ãã«
ãã¿ã¬ãŒããªã©ïŒããªã³é žãšã¹ãã«ïŒãžããšãã«
ããªã¹ããšãŒããããªããšãã«ããªã¹ããšãŒãã
ããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ããªã¹ããšãŒãããžãªã¯ãã«ããã«
ããªã¹ããšãŒãïŒãã¯ãšã³é žãšã¹ãã«ïŒããšãã°
ã¢ã»ãã«ã¯ãšã³é žããªããã«ïŒãå®æ¯éŠé žãšã¹ã
ã«ïŒããšãã°å®æ¯éŠé žãªã¯ãã«ïŒãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã
ãïŒããšãã°ãžãšãã«ã©ãŠãªã«ã¢ããïŒãèèªé ž
ãšã¹ãã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ãžãããã·ãšãã«ãµã¯ã·ã
ãŒãããžãªã¯ãã«ã¢ãŒã¬ãŒãïŒãããªã¡ã·ã³é žãš
ã¹ãã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ããªã¡ã·ã³é žããªããã«ïŒãª
ã©ããŸãã¯æ²žç¹çŽ30âä¹è³150âã®ææ©æº¶åªãã
ãšãã°é ¢é žãšãã«ãé ¢é žããã«ã®ããšãäœçŽã¢ã«
ãã«ã¢ã»ããŒããããããªã³é žãšãã«ãïŒçŽãã
ã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãã¡ãã«ã€ãœããã«ã±ãã³ãβâãš
ããã·ãšãã«ã¢ã»ããŒããã¡ãã«ã»ããœã«ãã¢ã»
ããŒãçã«æº¶è§£ããã®ã¡ã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãã«åæ£
ããããäžèšã®é«æ²žç¹ææ©æº¶åªãšäœæ²žç¹ææ©æº¶åª
ãšãæ··åããŠçšããŠãããã ãŸãç¹å ¬æ51â39853å·ãç¹éæ51â59943å·ã«
èšèŒãããŠããéåç©ã«ããåæ£æ³ã䜿çšããã
ãšãã§ããã ã«ãã©ãŒãã«ã«ãã³é žãã¹ã«ããªã³é žã®ããšã
é žåºãæããå Žåã«ã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšããŠ
芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãäžã«å°å ¥ãããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã«ã¯ã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«çŽ«
å€ç·åžåå€ãå«ãã§ãããããšãã°ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§
眮æããããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ååç©ãïŒâãã¢
ãŸãªãã³ååç©ããã³ãŸããšãã³ååç©ãæ¡ç®é ž
ãšã¹ãã«ååç©ããã¿ãžãšã³ååç©ããã³ãŸãªã
ãµãŸãŒã«ååç©ãããã«çŽ«å€ç·åžåæ§ã®ããªããŒ
ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ããããããã®çŽ«å€ç·åžå
å€ã¯äžèšèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€äžã«åºå®ãããŠãã
ãã æ¬çºæãå®æœããã«éããŠäžèšã®å ¬ç¥ã®éè²é²
æ¢å€ã䜵çšããããšãã§ãããŸãæ¬çºæã«çšãã
è²åå®å®å€ã¯åç¬ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžäœµçšããããšã
ã§ãããå ¬ç¥ã®éè²é²æ¢å€ãšããŠã¯ããã€ããã
ãã³èªå°äœã没é£åé žèªå°äœãïœâã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã
ãšããŒã«é¡ãïœâãªãã·ããšããŒã«èªå°äœåã³ã
ã¹ããšããŒã«é¡çãããã æ¬çºæã¯æ¯æäœäžã«å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ç°ãªãå
å æ床ãæããå€å±€å€è²å転åçææã«ãé©çšã§
ãããå€å±€ã«ã©ãŒå転åçææã¯ãéåžžæ¯æäœäž
ã«èµ€ææ§ä¹³å€å±€ãç·ææ§ä¹³å€å±€ãããã³éææ§ä¹³
å€å±€ãåã å°ãªããšãäžã€æããããããã®å±€ã®
é åºã¯å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠä»»æã«ããã¹ããèµ€ææ§ä¹³å€
å±€ã«ã·ã¢ã³åœ¢æã«ãã©ãŒããç·ææ§ä¹³å€å±€ã«ããŒ
ã³ã¿åœ¢æã«ãã©ãŒããéææ§ä¹³å€å±€ã«ã€ãšããŒåœ¢
æã«ãã©ãŒãããããå«ãã®ãéåžžã§ããããå Ž
åã«ããç°ãªãçµåãããšãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçåŠçã«ã¯ãäŸãã°åèšResearch
Disclosure176å·ç¬¬28ã30é ã«èšèŒãããŠããã
ããªãå ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³åã³å ¬ç¥ã®åŠç液ã§çŸå液äžã«
ããã²ã³åé溶å€ãå«æããéç»åã圢æããå
çåŠçïŒé»çœç¬¬ïŒçŸååŠçïŒãé©çšãããåŠçæž©
床ã¯æ®é18âãã50âã®éã«éžã°ãããã18âã
ãäœã枩床ãŸãã¯50âãè¶ãã枩床ãšããŠãã
ãã é»çœåçåŠçããå Žåã«çšããçŸå液ã¯ãç¥ã
ããŠããçŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãããšãã§ãããçŸåäž»è¬
ãšããŠã¯ããžããããã·ãã³ãŒã³é¡ïŒããšãã°ã
ã€ããããã³ïŒãïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³é¡ïŒããšãã°
ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³ïŒãã¢ããããš
ããŒã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ïŒ®âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããš
ããŒã«ïŒãªã©ããåç¬ãããã¯çµåããŠçšããã
ãšãã§ãããçŸå液ã«ã¯äžè¬ã«ãã®ä»å ¬ç¥ã®ä¿æ
å€ãã¢ã«ã«ãªå€ãPHç·©è¡å€ãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãªã©ã
å«ãããšãåºæ¥ãã å®ç液ãšããŠã¯äžè¬ã«çšããããçµæã®ãã®ã
çšããããšãã§ãããå®çå€ãšããŠã¯ããªç¡«é ž
å¡©ãããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ã®ã»ããå®çå€ãšããŠã®å¹æ
ãç¥ãããŠããææ©ç¡«é»ååç©ãçšããããšãã§
ãããå®ç液ã«ã¯ç¡¬èå€ãšããŠæ°Žæº¶æ§ã¢ã«ãããŠ
ã å¡©ãå«ãã§ãããã è²çŽ åã圢æããå Žåã«ã¯åžžæ³ãé©çšã§ããã
ããšãã°ããã¬ããžæ³ïŒäŸãã°âJournal of the
Society of Motion Picture and Television
Engineersâã61å·»ïŒ1953幎ïŒã667ã701é ã«èšèŒ
ãããŠããïŒïŒé»çœçŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãçŸå液ã§çŸå
ããŠãã¬éåãã€ãããã€ãã§å°ãªããšãäžåã®
äžæ§ãªé²å ãŸãã¯ä»ã®é©åœãªã«ããªåŠçãè¡ãª
ããåŒãç¶ããŠçºè²çŸåãè¡ãªãããšã«ããè²çŽ
éœç»åãåŸãã«ã©ãŒå転æ³ïŒã«ã©ãŒçŸå液ã¯ãäž
è¬ã«çºè²çŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ããæ
ããçºè²çŸåäž»è¬ã¯å ¬ç¥ã®äžçŽè³éŠæã¢ãã³çŸå
å€ãäŸãã°ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³é¡ïŒäŸãã°ïŒâã¢
ããâïŒïŒ®âãžãšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«â
ïŒâã¢ããâïŒïŒ®âãžãšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¢
ããââãšãã«ââβâããããã·ãšãã«ã¢
ããªã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããââãšãã«â
âβâããããã·ãšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«
âïŒâã¢ããââãšãã«ââβâã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«
ãã¢ãããšãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ã
ã«ââãšãã«ââβâã¡ããã·ãšãã«ã¢ããª
ã³ããªã©ïŒãçšããããšãã§ããã ãã®ä»L.F.A.MasonèPhotographic
Processing ChemistryïŒFocal Pressåã1966幎ïŒ
ã®226ã229é ãç±³åœç¹èš±2193015å·ãå2592364
å·ãç¹éæ48â64933å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ãçšã
ãŠããã ã«ã©ãŒçŸå液ã¯ãã®ã»ãPHç·©è¡å€ãçŸåæå¶å€
ãªããã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãªã©ãå«ãããšãã§ããããŸ
ãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠã硬氎è»åå€ãä¿æå€ãææ©æº¶
åªãçŸåä¿é²å€ãè²çŽ 圢æã«ãã©ãŒã競äºã«ãã©
ãŒããã¶ããå€ãè£å©çŸåè¬ãç²æ§ä»äžå€ãããª
ã«ã«ãã³é žç³»ãã¬ãŒãå€ãé žåé²æ¢å€ãªã©ãå«ã
ã§ãããã çºè²çŸååŸã®åçä¹³å€å±€ã¯éåžžãæŒçœåŠçãã
ããæŒçœåŠçã¯å®çåŠçãšåæã«è¡ãªãããŠãã
ãããåå¥ã«è¡ãªãããŠãããæŒçœå€ãšããŠã¯é
ïŒïŒãã³ãã«ãïŒïŒãã¯ãã ïŒïŒãé ïŒïŒãª
ã©ã®å€äŸ¡éå±ã®ååç©ãéé žé¡ãããã³é¡ããã
ããœååç©ãªã©ãçšããããã æŒçœãŸãã¯æŒçœå®ç液ã«ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±3042520
å·ãå3241966å·ãç¹å ¬æ45â8506å·ãç¹å ¬æ45
â8836å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒã®æŒçœä¿é²å€ãç¹éæ53â
65732å·ã«èšèŒã®ããªãŒã«ååç©ã®ä»ãçš®ã ã®æ·»
å å€ãå ããããšãã§ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãšãŠåé2.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ãå«ããšãŠèåéã®ååæ£
å «é¢äœç²åããæãåçä¹³å€ïŒç²åãµã€ãº
0.2ÎŒmïŒãéå¢æåã³ç¡«é»å¢æããã éå¢æå€ãšããŠã¯åå¡©åéé žãšããã¢ã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã«ãªãŠã ã䜵çšããã ç¡«é»å¢ææ³ãšããŠã¯ãã€ããçšããã ããããŠåŸãããåçä¹³å€ã«ãããã«ç¡é žéæ°Ž
溶液åã³ããã²ã³åã«ãªãŠã 氎溶液ïŒKBråã³
KIã®æ··å氎溶液ïŒãããã«ãžãšããæ³ã«ããå
æã«æ·»å ããŠããšãŠåé2.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ãå«ããšãŠè
åéãããªãã·ãšã«ã被èŠãããã·ãšã«ã®åã
ã¯ã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠãå€åãããã ããããŠåŸãããã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åä¹³å€ã«å¢æ
è²çŽ ãšããŠãïŒïŒ3â²âãžïŒïŒâã¹ã«ããããã«â
ïŒâãšãã«âãããïŒïŒïŒïŒâïœïŒãã¢ã«ã«ãã·
ã¢ãã³ããããªãŠã å¡©åã³ïŒïŒ5â²âãžã¯ãã«â
ïŒïŒ3â²âãžïŒïŒâã¹ã«ãããã«ïŒâïŒâãšãã«ã
ã¢ã«ã«ãã·ã¢ãã³ããããªãŠã å¡©ãæ·»å ãã¹ãã¯
ãã«å¢æããã ããã«ãã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã§ããïŒâïŒããã¿ã
ã«ãªãããã«ã¢ããïŒâïŒâïœ2â²âïŒ2â³ïŒ4â³âãžâ
ïœâã¢ãã«ããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ããïœâããšã
ãŒã«70gãšãïŒâïŒããã¿ãã«ãªãããã«ã¢ããïŒ
âïŒâïœ2â²âïŒ2â³ïŒ4â³âãžâïœâã¢ãã«ããšãã
ã·ïŒããã·ã«ã¢ããïœâããšããŒã«30gã®æ··åç©
ãããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ããªã¹ããšãŒã50c.c.åã³é ¢é žãšã
ã«100c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãšé«
éæ¹æããŠåŸãããä¹³åå€ã®ïŒéšåãå ãããã
ã«å®å®å€ãPH調æŽå€ãå¢ç²å€ãå ãééã20mgïŒ
100cm2ã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã ããã«è©²æå å±€ã®äžã«ãè¡šé¢ä¿è·å±€ãšããŠãŒã©
ãã³ããããå€ãPH調æŽå€ãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå¢ç²
å€ã硬èå€ãããªãå±€ã也ç¥èåã1.5ÎŒmãšãªã
ããã«å¡åžãã也ç¥ããã ããããŠåŸãããè©ŠæïŒãïŒãçšããŠäžèšã®æ¡
件ã§é²å ããã³çŸååŠçãããããã§ã®åŠçã¯ã
ã«ã©ãŒå転åŠçã§ãããã·ã¢ã³è²ã®è²çŽ åãåŸ
ããæ¬åŠçã«ãããŠã¯ç¬¬ïŒçŸåå·¥çšã«ãããŠãã
ãã²ã³åé溶å€ã§ããäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã ãšããªã·
ã¢ã³é žã«ãªãŠã ãå«ãã§ãããåŸãããçµæã第
ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãããé²å ïŒè²æž©åºŠ4800ãã®å æºãçš
ããå åŠãŠãšããžåã³æ³¢é·500nmã®ã·ã€ãŒãã«ã
ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒãéããŠïŒïŒ100ç§éé²å ããã åŠç å·¥ çš æ é æž© 床 第ïŒçŸå 6â² 38â æ°Ž æŽ 2â² ã å 転 2â² ã çºè²çŸå 6â² ã 調 æŽ 2â² ã æŒ çœ 6â² ã å® ç 4â² ã æ°Ž æŽ 4â² ã å® å® 1â² åžžæž© ä¹Ÿç¥ åŠç液åŠæ¹ã¯äžèšã®åŠãã§ããã 第ïŒçŸå æ°Ž 700ml ããã©ããªãªã³é žãããªãŠã 2g äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 20g ãã€ããããã³ã¢ãã¹ã«ãããŒã 30g çé žãããªãŠã ïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 30g ïŒâããšãã«ãïŒâã¡ãã«ãïŒâããããã·ã¡
ãã«âïŒããã©ãŸãªãã³ 2g èåã«ãªãŠã 2.5g ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã«ãªãŠã 1.2g ãšãŠåã«ãªãŠã ïŒ0.1ïŒ æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ ïŒml æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml å転 æ°Ž 700ml ãããªãïŒN.N.Nâããªã¡ãã¬ã³ãã¹ãã³é ž
6Naå¡© 13g å¡©å第ïŒã¹ãºïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 1g æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 8g æ°·é ¢é ž 15ml ãã©ã¢ããããšããŒã« ïŒmg æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml çºè²çŸå æ°Ž 700ml ããã©ããªãªã³é žãããªãŠã 2g äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 7g 第ïŒãªã³é žãããªãŠã ïŒ12æ°Žå¡©ïŒ 36g èåã«ãªãŠã 1g æ²åãããªãŠã ïŒ0.11ïŒ æº¶æ¶²ïŒ 90ml æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 3g ã·ãã©ãžã³é ž 1.5g âãšãã«ââïŒÎ²âã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã¢ãããš
ãã«ïŒâïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããã¢ããªã³ã®ç¡«é ž
å¡© 11g ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ 3g æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml èª¿æŽ æ°Ž 700ml äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 12g ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é ž ãããªãŠã ïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 8g ããªã°ãªã»ã³ 0.4ml æ°·é ¢é ž ïŒml æ°Žãå ã㊠1000ml æŒçœ æ°Ž 800ml ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é ž ãããªãŠã ïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 2.0g ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é ž éïŒïŒã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 120.0g èåã«ãªãŠã 100.0g æ°Žãå ã㊠1.0 å®ç æ°Ž 800ml ããªç¡«é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 80.0g äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 5.0g éäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 5.0g æ°Žãå ã㊠1.0 å®å® æ°Ž 800ml ãã«ããªã³ïŒ37ééïŒ ïŒ 5.0ml å¯å£«ãã©ã€ãŠãšã« 5.0ml æ°Žãå ã㊠1.0
ãè¡šã
第ïŒè¡šããæãããªåŠããã·ãšã«åã25ã
150Aã®æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãè©ŠæïŒãïŒã¯è²å¢ææ床ã
é«ãããšãå€ãã ç¹ã«ã·ãšã«åã35ã100Aã®è©ŠæïŒãïŒãé¡è
ã§ããããšãå€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãšãŠåé4.0ã¢ã«ïŒ ãå«ããšãŠèåéç«æ¹äœä¹³
å€ïŒç²åãµã€ãº0.6ÎŒmïŒãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã®æ¹æ³
ã§éå¢æåã³ç¡«é»å¢æããã ãã®ä¹³å€ã«æªååŠå¢æã®åŸ®ç²åèåéä¹³å€ïŒç²
åãµã€ãº0.05ÎŒmïŒãæ·»å ãã63â20åéæ¹æã
ãã ãã®éã«ã埮ç²åèåéã¯æº¶è§£ãããšãŠåéç²
åè¡šé¢ã«åæåºããããšã«ããã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠ
ãã·ãšã«åãæããã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åä¹³å€ã調補
ããã ããããŠåŸãããä¹³å€ã«å®æœäŸâïŒã§çšããã®
ãšåãå¢æè²çŽ ãå ããŠã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æãããã
ãã«å®æœäŸâïŒãšåæ§ã«çš®ã ã®æ·»å å€ãå ããè¡š
é¢ä¿è·å±€ãšåæã«å¡åžãè©Šæ10ã17ãäœæããã è©Šæ10ã17ãå®æœäŸâïŒãšåæ§ã«åŠçãã第ïŒ
è¡šã«ç€ºãçµæãåŸãã
150Aã®æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãè©ŠæïŒãïŒã¯è²å¢ææ床ã
é«ãããšãå€ãã ç¹ã«ã·ãšã«åã35ã100Aã®è©ŠæïŒãïŒãé¡è
ã§ããããšãå€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãšãŠåé4.0ã¢ã«ïŒ ãå«ããšãŠèåéç«æ¹äœä¹³
å€ïŒç²åãµã€ãº0.6ÎŒmïŒãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã®æ¹æ³
ã§éå¢æåã³ç¡«é»å¢æããã ãã®ä¹³å€ã«æªååŠå¢æã®åŸ®ç²åèåéä¹³å€ïŒç²
åãµã€ãº0.05ÎŒmïŒãæ·»å ãã63â20åéæ¹æã
ãã ãã®éã«ã埮ç²åèåéã¯æº¶è§£ãããšãŠåéç²
åè¡šé¢ã«åæåºããããšã«ããã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠ
ãã·ãšã«åãæããã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«åä¹³å€ã調補
ããã ããããŠåŸãããä¹³å€ã«å®æœäŸâïŒã§çšããã®
ãšåãå¢æè²çŽ ãå ããŠã¹ãã¯ãã«å¢æãããã
ãã«å®æœäŸâïŒãšåæ§ã«çš®ã ã®æ·»å å€ãå ããè¡š
é¢ä¿è·å±€ãšåæã«å¡åžãè©Šæ10ã17ãäœæããã è©Šæ10ã17ãå®æœäŸâïŒãšåæ§ã«åŠçãã第ïŒ
è¡šã«ç€ºãçµæãåŸãã
ãè¡šã
第ïŒè¡šããæãããªåŠããã·ãšã«åã25ã
150Aã§ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãè©Šæ12ã16ã¯è²å¢ææ
床ãé«ãããšãå€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ äžèšå±€ãèšããããªã¢ã»ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹æ¯æäœ
äžã«äžèšã®é ã§ä¹³å€å±€åã³è£å©å±€ãå¡åžããŠãè©Š
æ18ãåŸãã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäœæèµ€æä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã§ããïŒâïŒããã¿ãã«ãªãã
ãã«ã¢ããïŒâïŒâïŒ2â²âïŒ2â³ïŒ4â³âãžâïœâã¢ã
ãããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ããïœâããšããŒã«100g
ããããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ãã¹ããšãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãš
ãã«100c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãš
é«éæ¹æããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©500gããèµ€ææ§ã
äœææ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå2ÎŒã«
ãªãããã«å¡åžããïŒéé0.5gïŒm2ïŒã çšããä¹³å€ã¯ãšãŠãå«é4.5ã¢ã«ãå¹³åç²åãµ
ã€ãº0.35ÎŒã§ããéå¢æåã³ç¡«é»å¢æããã éå¢æå€ãšããŠã¯åå¡©åéé žãéæç®ã§1.1Ã
10-5gïŒïœéãç¡«é»å¢æå€ãšããŠã¯ãã€ãã3.0Ã
10-5gïŒïœéãæ·»å ããpAgçŽ9.0ã§ååŠçæã
ãã ãŒã©ãã³ç¡¬åå€ãšããŠã¯ïŒïŒïŒâãã¹ïŒããã«
ã¹ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããïŒãšã¿ã³ãçšããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒé«æèµ€æä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã§ããïŒâïŒããã¿ãã«ãªãã
ãã«ã¢ããïŒâïŒâïŒ2â²âïŒ2â³ïŒ4â³âãžâïœâã¢ã
ãããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ããïœâããšããŒã«100g
ããããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ãã¹ããšãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãš
ãã«100c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãš
é«éæ¹æããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©1000gããèµ€ææ§ã®
é«ææ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«
ãªãããã«å¡åžããïŒéé0.4gïŒm2ïŒã çšããä¹³å€ã¯ãšãŠãå«é3.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ãç²åãµã€
ãº0.6ÎŒã§ãããåå¡©åéé žãéæç®ã§0.5Ã
10-5gïŒïœéããã€ãã1.2Ã10-5gïŒïœéçšãã
pAg9.0ã§ååŠå¢æããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäžéå±€ ïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâãªã¯ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãã
ãžããã«ãã¿ã¬ãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãšãã«100c.c.ã«
溶解ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã«æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãšé«éæ¹æã
ãŠåŸãããä¹³åç©ïŒKgãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒKgã«æ··
åãã也ç¥èå1.5ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäœæç·æä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãïŒâïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¯ããããšãã«ïŒâïŒâ
ïœïŒâïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâã¢ãã«ããšããã·ã¢ã»ã¿
ããïŒãã³ãºã¢ããïœâïŒâãã©ãŸãã³ãçšãã
ä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åå€ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©
500gããç·ææ§ã®äœææ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgïŒãšãŒ
ãå«éã¯4.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå2.0ÎŒã«
ãªãããã«å¡åžããïŒéé0.7gïŒm2ïŒã 第ïŒå±€ïŒé«æç·æä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãïŒâïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¯ããããšãã«ïŒâïŒâ
ïœïŒâïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâã¢ãã«ããšããã·ã¢ã»ã¿
ããïŒãã³ãºã¢ããïœâïŒâãã©ãŸãã³ãçšãã
ä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©
1000gããç·ææ§ã®é«ææ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgïŒãšãŒ
ãå«éã¯3.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«ãª
ãããã«å¡åžãããç·æå±€çšä¹³å€ãèµ€æå±€çšãšå
çšã«ååŠå¢æåŠçããã ïŒå¡åžéé0.35gïŒm2ïŒã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäžéå±€ 第ïŒå±€ã§çšããä¹³åç©ïŒKgãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ
Kgã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒé»è²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ é»è²ã³ãã€ãéãå«ãä¹³å€ãã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«
ãªãããå¡åžããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäœæéæä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ã€ãšããŒã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ããαâïŒãããã€ã«ïŒâαâïŒïŒâãã³ãžã«âïŒ
âãšããã·âïŒâããã³ãã€ãã«ïŒâïŒâã¯ãã
âïŒâããã·ã«ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªã
ãçšããä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãã
ãä¹³åç©1000gããéææ§ã®äœææ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒ
KgïŒãšãŒãå«éã¯4.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也ç¥è
å2.0ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããïŒå¡åžéé0.6gïŒ
m2ïŒã 第ïŒå±€ïŒé«æéæä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ã€ãšããŒã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ããαâïŒãããã€ã«ïŒâαâïŒïŒâãã³ãžã«âïŒ
âãšããã·âïŒâããã³ãã€ãã«ïŒâïŒâã¯ãã
âïŒâããã·ã«ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªã
ãçšããä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãã
ãä¹³åç©1000gããéææ§ã®é«ææ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒ
KgïŒãšãŒãå«éã¯3.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也ç¥è
å1.0ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããïŒå¡åžéé0.5gïŒ
m2ïŒã éæå±€çšä¹³å€ãèµ€æå±€çšãšåæ§ã«ååŠå¢æã
ãã 第10å±€ïŒç¬¬ïŒä¿è·å±€ 第ïŒå±€ã§çšããä¹³åç©ïŒKgãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ
Kgã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå2ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã 第11å±€ïŒç¬¬ïŒä¿è·å±€ ååŠå¢æããŠããªã埮ç²åä¹³å€ïŒç²åãµã€ãº
0.15ÎŒãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ æ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒãå«ã10ïŒ ãŒã©
ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ããéå¡åžé0.3gïŒm2ã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«
ãªãããã«å¡åžããã åŸãããå€å±€å¡åžãã€ã«ã ãè©Šæ18ãšãããè©Š
æ18ã®ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³å€ã®ä»£ãã«ãåä¹³å€ã®ããã²ã³
åéç²åã®è¡šé¢ã«ãå®æœäŸâïŒãšåãæ¹æ³ã§ãã
ã«ã·ãšã«ã被èŠããä¹³å€ïŒã·ãšã«å75AïŒãçšã
ãŠè©Šæ19ãåŸãã ããããŠåŸãããè©Šæ18åã³19ãå åŠãŠãšããž
ãä»ããŠé²å ãã次ãã§å®æœäŸâïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠ
çŸååŠçããã åè©Šæã«ã€ããŠã·ã¢ã³æ¿åºŠ2.50ãäžããçžå¯Ÿé²
å éã®éæ°ã®å¯Ÿæ°ïŒä»¥äžãS2.5ããšèšãïŒã枬å®
ã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãçµæã瀺ãã
150Aã§ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãè©Šæ12ã16ã¯è²å¢ææ
床ãé«ãããšãå€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ äžèšå±€ãèšããããªã¢ã»ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹æ¯æäœ
äžã«äžèšã®é ã§ä¹³å€å±€åã³è£å©å±€ãå¡åžããŠãè©Š
æ18ãåŸãã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäœæèµ€æä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã§ããïŒâïŒããã¿ãã«ãªãã
ãã«ã¢ããïŒâïŒâïŒ2â²âïŒ2â³ïŒ4â³âãžâïœâã¢ã
ãããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ããïœâããšããŒã«100g
ããããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ãã¹ããšãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãš
ãã«100c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãš
é«éæ¹æããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©500gããèµ€ææ§ã
äœææ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå2ÎŒã«
ãªãããã«å¡åžããïŒéé0.5gïŒm2ïŒã çšããä¹³å€ã¯ãšãŠãå«é4.5ã¢ã«ãå¹³åç²åãµ
ã€ãº0.35ÎŒã§ããéå¢æåã³ç¡«é»å¢æããã éå¢æå€ãšããŠã¯åå¡©åéé žãéæç®ã§1.1Ã
10-5gïŒïœéãç¡«é»å¢æå€ãšããŠã¯ãã€ãã3.0Ã
10-5gïŒïœéãæ·»å ããpAgçŽ9.0ã§ååŠçæã
ãã ãŒã©ãã³ç¡¬åå€ãšããŠã¯ïŒïŒïŒâãã¹ïŒããã«
ã¹ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããïŒãšã¿ã³ãçšããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒé«æèµ€æä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã§ããïŒâïŒããã¿ãã«ãªãã
ãã«ã¢ããïŒâïŒâïŒ2â²âïŒ2â³ïŒ4â³âãžâïœâã¢ã
ãããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ããïœâããšããŒã«100g
ããããªã¯ã¬ãžã«ãã¹ããšãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãš
ãã«100c.c.ã«æº¶è§£ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãš
é«éæ¹æããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©1000gããèµ€ææ§ã®
é«ææ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«
ãªãããã«å¡åžããïŒéé0.4gïŒm2ïŒã çšããä¹³å€ã¯ãšãŠãå«é3.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ãç²åãµã€
ãº0.6ÎŒã§ãããåå¡©åéé žãéæç®ã§0.5Ã
10-5gïŒïœéããã€ãã1.2Ã10-5gïŒïœéçšãã
pAg9.0ã§ååŠå¢æããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäžéå±€ ïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâãªã¯ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãã
ãžããã«ãã¿ã¬ãŒã100c.c.åã³é ¢é žãšãã«100c.c.ã«
溶解ãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã«æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒKgãšé«éæ¹æã
ãŠåŸãããä¹³åç©ïŒKgãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒKgã«æ··
åãã也ç¥èå1.5ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäœæç·æä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãïŒâïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¯ããããšãã«ïŒâïŒâ
ïœïŒâïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâã¢ãã«ããšããã·ã¢ã»ã¿
ããïŒãã³ãºã¢ããïœâïŒâãã©ãŸãã³ãçšãã
ä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åå€ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©
500gããç·ææ§ã®äœææ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgïŒãšãŒ
ãå«éã¯4.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå2.0ÎŒã«
ãªãããã«å¡åžããïŒéé0.7gïŒm2ïŒã 第ïŒå±€ïŒé«æç·æä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ãïŒâïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¯ããããšãã«ïŒâïŒâ
ïœïŒâïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâã¢ãã«ããšããã·ã¢ã»ã¿
ããïŒãã³ãºã¢ããïœâïŒâãã©ãŸãã³ãçšãã
ä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãããä¹³åç©
1000gããç·ææ§ã®é«ææ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒKgïŒãšãŒ
ãå«éã¯3.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«ãª
ãããã«å¡åžãããç·æå±€çšä¹³å€ãèµ€æå±€çšãšå
çšã«ååŠå¢æåŠçããã ïŒå¡åžéé0.35gïŒm2ïŒã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäžéå±€ 第ïŒå±€ã§çšããä¹³åç©ïŒKgãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ
Kgã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒé»è²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ é»è²ã³ãã€ãéãå«ãä¹³å€ãã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«
ãªãããå¡åžããã 第ïŒå±€ïŒäœæéæä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ã€ãšããŒã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ããαâïŒãããã€ã«ïŒâαâïŒïŒâãã³ãžã«âïŒ
âãšããã·âïŒâããã³ãã€ãã«ïŒâïŒâã¯ãã
âïŒâããã·ã«ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªã
ãçšããä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãã
ãä¹³åç©1000gããéææ§ã®äœææ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒ
KgïŒãšãŒãå«éã¯4.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也ç¥è
å2.0ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããïŒå¡åžéé0.6gïŒ
m2ïŒã 第ïŒå±€ïŒé«æéæä¹³å€å±€ ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒã®ä»£ãã«ã€ãšããŒã«ãã©ãŒã§ã
ããαâïŒãããã€ã«ïŒâαâïŒïŒâãã³ãžã«âïŒ
âãšããã·âïŒâããã³ãã€ãã«ïŒâïŒâã¯ãã
âïŒâããã·ã«ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªã
ãçšããä»ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³åç©ãšåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãã
ãä¹³åç©1000gããéææ§ã®é«ææ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒ
KgïŒãšãŒãå«éã¯3.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒã«æ··åãã也ç¥è
å1.0ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããïŒå¡åžéé0.5gïŒ
m2ïŒã éæå±€çšä¹³å€ãèµ€æå±€çšãšåæ§ã«ååŠå¢æã
ãã 第10å±€ïŒç¬¬ïŒä¿è·å±€ 第ïŒå±€ã§çšããä¹³åç©ïŒKgãã10ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ
Kgã«æ··åãã也ç¥èå2ÎŒã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã 第11å±€ïŒç¬¬ïŒä¿è·å±€ ååŠå¢æããŠããªã埮ç²åä¹³å€ïŒç²åãµã€ãº
0.15ÎŒãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ æ²èåéä¹³å€ïŒãå«ã10ïŒ ãŒã©
ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ããéå¡åžé0.3gïŒm2ã也ç¥èå1ÎŒã«
ãªãããã«å¡åžããã åŸãããå€å±€å¡åžãã€ã«ã ãè©Šæ18ãšãããè©Š
æ18ã®ç¬¬ïŒå±€ã®ä¹³å€ã®ä»£ãã«ãåä¹³å€ã®ããã²ã³
åéç²åã®è¡šé¢ã«ãå®æœäŸâïŒãšåãæ¹æ³ã§ãã
ã«ã·ãšã«ã被èŠããä¹³å€ïŒã·ãšã«å75AïŒãçšã
ãŠè©Šæ19ãåŸãã ããããŠåŸãããè©Šæ18åã³19ãå åŠãŠãšããž
ãä»ããŠé²å ãã次ãã§å®æœäŸâïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠ
çŸååŠçããã åè©Šæã«ã€ããŠã·ã¢ã³æ¿åºŠ2.50ãäžããçžå¯Ÿé²
å éã®éæ°ã®å¯Ÿæ°ïŒä»¥äžãS2.5ããšèšãïŒã枬å®
ã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãçµæã瀺ãã
ãè¡šã
æ¬çºæã®ãããªã³ã¢ã·ãšã«åä¹³å€ãçšãããšã
æ床ãäžãã€ãŠããããšããããã
æ床ãäžãã€ãŠããããšããããã
Claims (1)
- ïŒ æ¯æäœäžã«å°ãªããšãïŒå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³
å€å±€ãæããŠæãããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転åçæ
å ææãçŸååŠçããæ¹æ³ã«æŒãŠã該ããã²ã³å
éä¹³å€å±€äžã«ã·ãšã«åã25ãªãã150Aã§ããã³
ã¢ãŒã®è¡šé¢ãååŠå¢æåŠçãããŠãããã·ãšã«è¡š
é¢ã¯ååŠå¢æåŠçãããŠããªãã³ã¢ãŒïŒã·ãšã«å
ããã²ã³åéç²åãå«æãããã€ç¬¬ïŒçŸå液äžã«
ããã²ã³åéã®æº¶å€ãå«æããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãã
ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転åçæå ææã®çŸåæ¹
æ³ã
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58008181A JPS59133542A (ja) | 1983-01-21 | 1983-01-21 | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転åçæå ææã®çŸåæ¹æ³ |
| US06/788,702 US4623612A (en) | 1983-01-21 | 1985-10-21 | Method of developing silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58008181A JPS59133542A (ja) | 1983-01-21 | 1983-01-21 | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転åçæå ææã®çŸåæ¹æ³ |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59133542A JPS59133542A (ja) | 1984-07-31 |
| JPH0138295B2 true JPH0138295B2 (ja) | 1989-08-14 |
Family
ID=11686136
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58008181A Granted JPS59133542A (ja) | 1983-01-21 | 1983-01-21 | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転åçæå ææã®çŸåæ¹æ³ |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4623612A (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPS59133542A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6150149A (ja) * | 1984-08-20 | 1986-03-12 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©âåçæå ææã®åŠçæ¹æ³ |
| JPS61264338A (ja) * | 1985-05-20 | 1986-11-22 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | çŽæ¥ããžããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPS63264740A (ja) * | 1986-12-22 | 1988-11-01 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPH0769579B2 (ja) * | 1987-11-26 | 1995-07-31 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPH01152446A (ja) * | 1987-12-09 | 1989-06-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ãã¬åããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ |
| US5156946A (en) * | 1988-05-30 | 1992-10-20 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd | Silver halide photographic materials |
| JP2756798B2 (ja) * | 1988-10-14 | 1998-05-25 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ãã¬åããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææ |
| US5155017A (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1992-10-13 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic material |
| GB8925678D0 (en) * | 1989-11-14 | 1990-01-04 | Ilford Ag | Process for the spectral sensitisation of photographic silver halide emulsions and products thereof |
| JPH04506271A (ja) * | 1990-02-08 | 1992-10-29 | ã€ãŒã¹ããã³ ã³ãã㯠ã«ã³ãã㌠| å転ç»åã圢æããããã®åçããã²ã³åéææãªãã³ã«ãã®æ¹æ³ |
| JPH0427935A (ja) * | 1990-05-23 | 1992-01-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| US5326668A (en) * | 1990-11-01 | 1994-07-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method of image formation by silver salt diffusion transfer |
| US5268264A (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1993-12-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Spectrally sensitized octahedral emulsions with buried shell sensitization |
| US5290676A (en) * | 1991-09-24 | 1994-03-01 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
| JP2777949B2 (ja) | 1992-04-03 | 1998-07-23 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææ |
| US5240825A (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1993-08-31 | Eastman Kodak Company | Preparation of silver halide grains |
| JPH05289270A (ja) * | 1992-04-15 | 1993-11-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææ |
| JP2767341B2 (ja) * | 1992-04-30 | 1998-06-18 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | éå¡©æ¡æ£è»¢åæ³çšæå èŠçŽ |
| US5389507A (en) * | 1992-12-31 | 1995-02-14 | Eastman Kodak Company | Reversal elements with internal latent image forming core-shell emulsions |
| JPH08202001A (ja) | 1995-01-30 | 1996-08-09 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææ |
| US5811225A (en) * | 1997-03-12 | 1998-09-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic reversal solution and method of use |
| US5736302A (en) * | 1997-03-12 | 1998-04-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic reversal bath concentrate and method of preparing same |
| JP4887201B2 (ja) | 2007-04-13 | 2012-02-29 | å¯å£«ãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³ãããçšããç»å圢ææ¹æ³ |
| WO2025058077A1 (ja) | 2023-09-15 | 2025-03-20 | å¯å£«ãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ååç©ãçµæç©ãæ©èœæ§ææãããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãåã³ãæ¡æ£è»¢ååããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3206313A (en) * | 1961-05-15 | 1965-09-14 | Eastman Kodak Co | Chemically sensitized emulsions having low surface sensitivity and high internal sensitivity |
| DE2216075A1 (de) * | 1972-04-01 | 1973-10-11 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Photographisches material zur herstellung direktpositiver photographischer bilder |
| US4035185A (en) * | 1975-01-08 | 1977-07-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Blended internal latent image emulsions, elements including such emulsions and processes for their preparation and use |
| US4184878A (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1980-01-22 | Ciba-Geigy Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the manufacture of photographic silver halide emulsions containing silver halide crystals of the twinned type |
| US4374914A (en) * | 1980-07-22 | 1983-02-22 | Ciba-Geigy Ltd. | Process for the production of negative color images by the silver dye bleach process, and the silver dye bleach material used in this process |
| JPS57154232A (en) * | 1981-02-18 | 1982-09-24 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Photosensitive silver halide emulsion |
| JPS57210338A (en) * | 1981-06-19 | 1982-12-23 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Silver halide photographic material |
| US4444874A (en) * | 1982-09-15 | 1984-04-24 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic elements containing direct-positive emulsions and processes for their use |
-
1983
- 1983-01-21 JP JP58008181A patent/JPS59133542A/ja active Granted
-
1985
- 1985-10-21 US US06/788,702 patent/US4623612A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59133542A (ja) | 1984-07-31 |
| US4623612A (en) | 1986-11-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JPH0138295B2 (ja) | ||
| US4607004A (en) | Silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material | |
| JPH0331245B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0138296B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0310287B2 (ja) | ||
| US4755454A (en) | Element having a silver halide photographic layer on a polyolefin coated paper base | |
| JPH0519138B2 (ja) | ||
| GB2140573A (en) | Photographic paper material | |
| JPS6334458B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0345813B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0134372B2 (ja) | ||
| US4729944A (en) | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material | |
| JPH0256652B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0564329B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0375852B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0314330B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0566569B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS6156347A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0574809B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0138299B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0322970B2 (ja) | ||
| US4608334A (en) | Silver halide color light-sensitive material | |
| JPH0326374B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS6142656A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©âåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0364054B2 (ja) |