JPS648326B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS648326B2 JPS648326B2 JP19790982A JP19790982A JPS648326B2 JP S648326 B2 JPS648326 B2 JP S648326B2 JP 19790982 A JP19790982 A JP 19790982A JP 19790982 A JP19790982 A JP 19790982A JP S648326 B2 JPS648326 B2 JP S648326B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- silver
- molar
- solution
- tabular
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 442
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 135
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 135
- -1 halide salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 57
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- IHWDSEPNZDYMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indol-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(N)=CC2=C1 IHWDSEPNZDYMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005684 linear copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 276
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 190
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 168
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 149
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 95
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 76
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 70
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 69
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 68
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 66
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 55
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 50
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 47
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 47
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 45
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 44
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 44
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 43
- 229960002713 calcium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 40
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 40
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 36
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 description 33
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 description 33
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 33
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 31
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 101100425892 Danio rerio tpma gene Proteins 0.000 description 19
- 101150048952 TPM-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 19
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 13
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 13
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 7
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical group C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000257465 Echinoidea Species 0.000 description 3
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanamide Chemical compound CCCC(N)=O DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAMCBFNNGGVPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(ethenylsulfonylmethoxymethylsulfonyl)ethene Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)COCS(=O)(=O)C=C KAMCBFNNGGVPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGHDIYKCZSGHKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-(3-ethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound S1C2=CC=CC=C2N(CC)C1=C1SC(=S)N(CCS(O)(=O)=O)C1=O GGHDIYKCZSGHKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMKYTTSJFPJNOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfanylethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCSCCOC(=O)C(C)=C VMKYTTSJFPJNOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical class CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) Chemical compound [Cd+2] WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940052299 calcium chloride dihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012992 electron transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(=O)CC2=C1 ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDDLMJULQGRLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)OCO1 XJDDLMJULQGRLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRHUHDUEXWHZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dihydropyrazol-5-one Chemical compound O=C1CC=NN1 ZRHUHDUEXWHZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKAMEFMDQNTDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC=NC2=N1 ZKAMEFMDQNTDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVKCAQKXTLCSBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-isoquinolin-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=NCC2=C1 PVKCAQKXTLCSBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=S)N1 UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiobarbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=S)N1 RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBHTTYDJRXOHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine Chemical compound N1=NC=CC2=C1N=NN2 CBHTTYDJRXOHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALGIYXGLGIECNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-benzo[e]indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=CN3)=C3C=CC2=C1 ALGIYXGLGIECNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYXDZDBXNUPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1C(N)CCC2=C1SC(N)=N2 RYYXDZDBXNUPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNPNXLYNSXZPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCC(=S)N1 DNPNXLYNSXZPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KHOITXIGCFIULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alophen Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(=O)C)=CC=C1C(C=1N=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC(C)=O)C=C1 KHOITXIGCFIULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090898 Desensitizer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000551547 Dione <red algae> Species 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000342 Monte Carlo simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001016 Ostwald ripening Methods 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710089165 Protein white Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHPBNQZEXDUUIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O Chemical class [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NHPBNQZEXDUUIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEIPQVVAVOUIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Au]=S Chemical compound [Au]=S XEIPQVVAVOUIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125717 barbiturate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=CS3)=C3C=CC2=C1 KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMUIZUWOEIQJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=CO3)=C3C=CC2=C1 WMUIZUWOEIQJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012866 crystallographic experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJSLFCCWAKVHIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)C1 HJSLFCCWAKVHIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical compound NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- JDUHXLSMNANTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N germide(4-) Chemical compound [Ge-4] JDUHXLSMNANTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;quinoline Chemical compound [NH+]1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine monobromide Chemical compound IBr CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILNKLXHFYKXPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium osmium Chemical compound [Os].[Ir] ILNKLXHFYKXPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-O isoquinolin-2-ium Chemical compound C1=[NH+]C=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-O lysinium(1+) Chemical compound [NH3+]CCCCC([NH3+])C([O-])=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N malononitrile Chemical compound N#CCC#N CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TWXDDNPPQUTEOV-FVGYRXGTSA-N methamphetamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 TWXDDNPPQUTEOV-FVGYRXGTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxide(2-) Chemical compound [O-2] AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002987 primer (paints) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000011962 puddings Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DNTVKOMHCDKATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidine-3,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NN1 DNTVKOMHCDKATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodanine Chemical compound O=C1CSC(=S)N1 KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940019931 silver phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000161 silver phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RHUVFRWZKMEWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver thiocyanate Chemical compound [Ag+].[S-]C#N RHUVFRWZKMEWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZJPVUDYAMEDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F KZJPVUDYAMEDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- JKUYRAMKJLMYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C JKUYRAMKJLMYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004885 white matter Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Description
ãçºæã®è©³çްãªèª¬æã
(a) çºæã®åé
æ¬çºæã¯ãåçåéã§æçšãªãé塩氎溶液ãšå¡©
åç©å«æããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšã忣åªã®ååš
äžã«æ¥è§ŠãããŠãéã«å¯ŸããŠå°ãªããšã50ã¢ã«ïŒ
ãå¡©åç©ã§ããããã²ã³åç©å«éã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²
ã³åéç²åãçæãããæŸå°ç·ïŒåã¯èŒ»å°ç·ïŒæ
å¿æ§åçä¹³å€ã®è£œæ³ã«é¢ããã (b) åŸæ¥æè¡ æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§å¡©åéãå«ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ç¹å¥ã®å©
ç¹ããããããã®ãšããŠç¥ãããŠãããäŸãã°ã
å¡©åéã¯åçã«æçšãªä»ã®ããã²ã³åéããã¹ã
ã¯ãã«ã®å¯èŠéšåã«å¯Ÿããèªç¶ã®æå æ§ãäœãã
æŽã«ãå¡©åéã¯åçã«æçšãªä»ã®ããã²ã³åéã
ãæº¶è§£æ§ãé«ããåŸã€ãŠçŸååã³å®çãããçã
æéã§éæããããšãã§ããã åçæè¡åéã«ãããŠãå¡©åéã¯ïœ100ïœçµæ¶
é¢ãæããçµæ¶ã圢æããåŸåãéåžžã«åŒ·ãããš
ãè¯ãèªããããŠãããå§åç倧倿°ã®åçä¹³å€
ã«ãããŠãå¡©åéãååšããå Žåã«ã¯å¡©åéã®çµ
æ¶ã¯ç«æ¹ç²åã®åœ¢ç¶ãããŠãããããçšåºŠã®å°é£
ãããã€ãŠããã®å¡©åéã®çµæ¶ç¿æ§ãå€ããããš
ãã§ãããClaesçã¯ãâCyrstal Habit
Modification of AgCl by Impurities
Determining SolvationâãThe Journal of
Photographic Scienceã21å·»ã39ã50é ã1973
幎ã«ãæ§ã ãªç²åæé·æ¹è³ªå€ãçšããŠïœ110ïœå
ã³ïœ111ïœé¢ãæããå¡©åéçµæ¶ã®åœ¢æãæããŠ
ãããWyrschã¯ãâSulfur Sensitization of
Monosized Silver Chloride Emulsions with
ïœ111ïœãïœ110ïœãandïœ100ïœCrystal Habitâã
International Congress of Photographic
Scienceãâ13ã122ã124é ã1978幎ã«ãã¢ã³
ã¢ãã¢åã³å°éã®äºäŸ¡ã®ã«ãããŠã ã€ãªã³ã®ååš
äžã«å¡©åéãæ²æŸ±ãããäžéãžãšããæ²æŸ±ããã»
ã¹ãé瀺ããŠãããã«ãããŠã ã€ãªã³ã®ååšäžã«
ãããŠã¯ãpAgïŒéã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã®è² 察æ°ïŒåã³PH
ã®å¶åŸ¡ã«ãã€ãŠããããããïœ110ïœãïœ111ïœãåã³
ïœ100ïœã«äœçœ®ããç²åé¢ã§è¡šããããè±åäºé¢
äœãå «é¢äœãåã³ç«æ¹äœçµæ¶ç¿æ§ãçæããã å¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åã«ã€ããŠåºãç ç©¶ãããŠãã
ãããããã¯ã»ãšãã©ãã¯ãâãµã€ãºã®ãã®ã§ã
ã€ãŠåçåéã§ã¯å©çšã§ããªããã®ã§ãã€ããã
ãã§å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšã¯ãç²åã®ä»ã®ãããªãåçµæ¶
é¢ãããå®è³ªçã«å€§ããªïŒã€ã®å¹³è¡ãªåã¯å®è³ªäž
å¹³è¡ãªçµæ¶é¢ãæããç²åãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ïŒå³ã¡ãåãã«å¯ŸããçŽåŸã®æ¯çïŒ
ã¯å®è³ªçã«ïŒïŒïŒãã倧ãããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®
å¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åä¹³å€ã¯deCugnacåã³Chateau
ã®âEvolution of the Morphology of Silver
Bromide Crystals During Physical
RipeningâãScience et Industries
Photographiquesã33å·»ãNo.ïŒïŒ1962ïŒã121ã125
é ã«å ±åãããŠããã 1937幎ãã1950幎代ã«ãããŠã€ãŒã¹ããã³ã»ã³
ããã¯ç€Ÿã¯ããŠããªã¿ã€ãºãïŒDuplitizedïŒïŒç»
é²åæšïŒæŸå°ç·åçãã€ã«ã 補åãããŒã»ã¹ã¯ãª
ãŒã³ã»ïŒžç·ã³ãŒã5133ãªãåç§°ã§è²©å£²ããããã®
補åã¯ãã€ã«ã æ¯æäœã®äºãã«å察åŽã®äž»èŠé¢ã«
ç¡«é»å¢æèåéä¹³å€ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°å±€ãå«ããã®ã§
ãã€ãããã®ä¹³å€ã¯ïŒžç·æŸå°ã«é²åºããçºã®ãã®
ã§ãã€ãããåå 墿ãããŠããªãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯çŽïŒãïŒïŒïŒã§ãã€
ãããã®ç²åã¯ããã®ææ é¢ç©ã®50ïŒ ãè¶ ããéš
åãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå ããææ é¢ç©ã®25ïŒ ãè¶ ãã
éšåãéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå ããŠããããããã®ä¹³å€
ã¯äœåãè€è£œãããã¡ã«ãæé«ã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯ãæããä¹³å€ã¯ãå¹³åå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åçŽåŸ2.5ÎŒïœã
å¹³åå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åå0.36ÎŒïœåã³å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ïŒïŒïŒã瀺ãããä»ã®è€è£œä¹³å€ã¯ãããåããã
ãçŽåŸã®å°ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã§ãã€ãŠããã®å¹³åã¢
ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯å°ããã€ãã å¹³æ¿ç¶æ²èåéç²åä¹³å€ã¯åçæ¥çã«ãããŠç¥
ãããŠããããã©ããé«ãå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã瀺
ããã®ã¯ç¥ãããŠããªããå¹³æ¿ç¶æ²èåéç²åã¯
Duffinã®Photographic Emulsion Chemistryã
Focal Pressã1966幎ã66ã72é 䞊ã³ã«Trivelli
åã³Smithã®âThe Effect of Silver Iodide
Upon the Structure of BromoâIodide
Precipitation SeriesâãThe Photographic
JournalãLXXXå·»ã1940å¹ŽïŒæã285ã288é ã«
説æãããŠãããTrivalliåã³Smithã¯æ²åç©ã®
å°å ¥ã«ããç²åãµã€ãºåã³ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®äž¡è ã®
é¡èãªäœæžã芳å¯ããŠãããGutoffâNucleation
and Growth Rates During the Precipitation
of Silver Halide EmulsionsâãPhotographic
Sciences and Engineeringã14å·»ãNo.ïŒã1970
å¹ŽïŒæãïŒæã248ã257é ã«ã¯ãé£ç¶æ²æŸ±è£ 眮ã
çšããŠåäžãžãšããæ²æŸ±çæã«ãã調補ãããã¿
ã€ãã®èåéåã³æ²èåéä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œãå ±åãã
ãŠããã æè¿ãç²åãå¹³æ¿ç¶ïŒå³ã¡ããã®åãã«æ¯èŒã
ãŠå¹³é¢æ¹åã«åºãã€ãŠããç²åïŒã®ããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€ã補é ããç¹å®ã®ããã»ã¹ãåè¡ãããŠã
ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4063951å·ã¯ãïœ100ïœç«æ¹äœé¢ã«
ãã€ãŠèŠå®ããããã€ãpAgã5.0ã7.0ã®ç¯å²å
ã«èª¿ç¯ããäºéãžãšããæ²æŸ±æ³ã«ããã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯ïŒããã§ã¯åãã«å¯Ÿãããšããžé·ã®æ¯ïŒã1.5
ãïŒïŒïŒã§ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ã®ããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ã圢æ
ããããšãæããŠããããã®ç¹èš±ã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºã
ããããã«ãçæããããã²ã³åéç²åã¯æ¹åœ¢å
ã³ç©åœ¢ã®äž»èŠé¢ãïœ100ïœçµæ¶é¢ç¹æ§ã瀺ããè±
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4067739å·ã¯ãçš®æ¶ã圢æããããã²ã³
åéæº¶åªã®ååšäžã«ãªã¹ãã¯ã«ãçæã«ãã€ãŠå
èšç𮿶ã®ãµã€ãºãå¢å€§ãããããããŠpBrïŒèå
ç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã®è² 察æ°ïŒãå¶åŸ¡ããªãããæ žåç
æåã¯ãªããã¯ã«ãçæãè¡ãããšãªãç²åæé·
ãå®äºããããããšã«ãã€ãŠã倧éšåãåæ¶ããª
ããå «é¢äœåã®çµæ¶ã§ããåãµã€ãºã®ããã²ã³å
éä¹³å€ã補é ããããšãæããŠãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4150994å·ãå第4184877å·åã³å第4184878å·ã
è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1570581å·äžŠã³ã«ãã€ãç¹èš±å ¬é第
2905655å·åã³å第2921077å·ã¯ãå°ãªããšã90ã¢
ã«ïŒ ãæ²åç©ã§ããçš®æ¶ãçšããããšã«ãã€ãŠå¹³
ããªåæ¶ããªããå «é¢äœåœ¢ç¶ã®ããã²ã³åéç²å
ã®åœ¢æãæããŠãããç¹ã«æããªãéããããã²
ã³åç©ã®çŸåçã¯ãã¹ãŠå¯Ÿå¿ããä¹³å€ãç²åãå
ã¯ç²åé åã«ååšããéãåºæºãšãããã®ã§ã
ããäŸãã°ã60ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®å¡©åç©ãå«ãå¡©èåéã
ãæãç²åã¯40ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®èåç©ãå«ãã E.Kleinåã³E.Moisarã¯ãBerichte der Bun
sengesellschaftã67å·»ïŒïŒå·ïŒã349ã355é ã
1963幎ã«ãäŸãã°ã¢ããã³ã®ãããªããªã³å¡©åºã
乳倿²æŸ±ã®æ§ã ãªæ®µéã§æ·»å ããå Žåã®å¡©åéã®
ç²åã®æé·ã«åãŒãåŠšå®³å¹æãå ±åããŠãããç±³
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3519426å·ã¯ãäŸãã°ããã©ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ã
ã³ããã³ã¿ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãåã¯ã¢ããã³ã®ãããª
ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã®ååšäžã«æ²æŸ±ãããããšã«ãã€ãŠ
被èŠåã®å¢å€§ããå¡©åéä¹³å€ã®è£œé ãé瀺ããŠã
ãããã¡ããããã®ä»ã®ç¹æ§ã广µãããã®ã§ã
ãã°ããã现ããç²åãµã€ãºã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€
ã®è¢«èŠåã¯ãã倧ããç²åãµã€ãºã®ããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€ã®ãããã倧ããããšãèªããããŠããã åçåéã«ãããŠãçš®ã ã®ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒïŒè§£è
å€ïŒã®ååšäžã«ããã²ã³åéç²åãæ²æŸ±ãããã
ãšãã§ããããšã¯ç¥ãããŠãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3415653å·ã¯ãããã«ã¢ãã³ãšã¢ã¯ãªã«é žã®ã³ã
ãªããŒãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãšããŠäœ¿çšããããšã«ãã€
ãŠãå¹³æ¿ç¶ãå«ãæ§ã ãªåœ¢ç¶ã®æ²èåéç²åãæ²
柱ãããããšãé瀺ããŠãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3692753å·ã¯ãååºåã³å忣ã§ããããã¿ã€ã¶
ãŒãšããŠãäžã€ãçµåã¢ã«ãã«ççŽ ãäžã€ããã
ã¯äºã€ã®ç¡«é»ååã§çœ®æããä»å ã¢ã«ãã«éãå«
ãã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããã¯ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãã§ããã
å°ãªããšãïŒçš®é¡ã®ç°ãªã€ãã¢ãããŒã®å ±éåäœ
ïŒinterpolymerïŒã䜿çšããŠãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3615624å·ã¯ãå¡©åéãè§£è ããã®ã«ãã¢ãã³å
ã¯ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«çž®åæ®æž£ãïŒåã®ã¢ã«ãã«ççŽ åå
ã«çµåããå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ç¡«é»ååãæããæ
æ©ã©ãžã«ã«ãå«ããã¬ã€ã³é žãã¢ã¯ãªã«é žããã
ã¯ã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žã®ã¢ãããããã¯ãšã¹ãã«ã®å埩
åäœãæããç·ç¶ã³ããªããŒã䜿çšããããšãé
瀺ããŠãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3615624å·ã®äŸïŒãšåæ§
ã«ããŠæ²æŸ±ãããäžæ§ã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ã®ããç ç©¶
ã«ãããŠãä¹³å€ã¯ãæ²èåéã®ææ é¢ç©ã®20ïŒ æª
æºãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«ãããã®ã§ãã€ãããšãèªããŠ
ããããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãäœãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®ã
ã®ã§ããããäž»èŠé¢ã®å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ããïŒ211ïŒçµ
æ¶ãã¯ãã«ã«å¹³è¡ãªåšå²ãšããžãæããããã«æ
ãããã (c) çºæã®é瀺 æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãåçåéã§æçšãªãé塩氎溶
æ¶²ãšå¡©åç©å«æããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšã忣åª
ã®ååšäžã«æ¥è§ŠãããŠãéã«å¯ŸããŠå°ãªããšã50
ã¢ã«ïŒ ãå¡©åç©ã§ããããã²ã³åç©å«éã®å¹³æ¿ç¶
ããã²ã³åéç²åãçæãããæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§åç
ä¹³å€ã®è£œæ³ãæäŸããããšã«ããããããæ¹æ³ã«
ããå€å±€åçèŠçŽ ã«å°å ¥ããŠé®®é床ãé«ããé©åœ
ã«ååŠåã³åå 墿ããŠæåºŠïŒã¹ããŒãïŒâç²åºŠ
é¢ä¿ãè¯å¥œã«ããããšãã§ãããããŠéè²ãç·è²
åã³ïŒåã¯èµ€è²å¢æããäžã€åçèŠçŽ ã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸ
ããå Žåã«ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®åå 墿é åã«å¯Ÿããæ
床åã³çŽ«å€ç·æåºŠã«ãããŠå¢å ããå颿§ã瀺ã
åçèŠçŽ ãçæããããšãã§ããæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§å
çä¹³å€ãæäŸãããã ãã®ç®çã¯ãã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³äžŠã³ã«(1)ç·ç¶
ããªããŒéã«ããã¬ã€ã³é žãã¢ã¯ãªã«é žåã¯ã¡ã¿
ã¯ãªã«é žã®ã¢ããåã¯ãšã¹ãã«ã®å埩åäœã§ãã€
ãŠãããããã®ã¢ããåã³ãšã¹ãã«ã«å«ãŸããã
ãããã®ã¢ãã³åã¯ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«çž®åæ®æž£ãäºã€ã®
ã¢ã«ãã«ççŽ ååãçµåããå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ã¹
ã«ãã€ãâç¡«é»ååãæããææ©ã©ãžã«ã«ãå«ã¿
ãã€(2)å°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ä»ã®ãšãã¬ã³ç³»äžé£œåã¢
ãããŒã®åäœãå«ã氎溶æ§ç·ç¶ã³ããªããŒã§ãã
ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®ååšäžã«åèšé塩氎溶液ãšå¡©åç©
嫿ããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãåå¿ãããããšã«ã
ã€ãŠç¹åŸŽã¥ããããåèšããé塩氎溶液ãšå¡©åç©
嫿ããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšã忣åªã®ååšäžã«
æ¥è§ŠãããŠãéã«å¯ŸããŠå°ãªããšã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ãå¡©
åç©ã§ããããã²ã³åç©å«éã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³å
éç²åãçæãããæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§åçä¹³å€ã®è£œæ³
ã«ãã€ãŠéæãããã æ¬çºæã¯ããã²ã³åç©ãäž»ãšããŠå¡©åç©ã§ãã
é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åä¹³å€ã®
è£œé æ³ã«é¢ãããäžã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã§ã¯ããã®ä¹³
å€ã¯åŸæ¥åçåéã«ãããŠç¥ãããŠããªãã€ã圢
ç¶ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ããå¥ã®åœ¢ã«ãããŠãå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã¯ïœ111ïœçµæ¶é¢ã«ãã€ãŠå šäœçã«çµåãã
ãŠããããããŠå¡©åç©åã³èåç©ããã²ã³åç©ã®
çµåãã§åŸæ¥åŸãããŠããã®ãšã¯ç°ãªã€ã圢ç¶ã
æãããäžã€ã®åœ¢ã«ãããŠãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯è€æ°å
ã®ç°ãªã€ãåžçäœçœ®ãäŸããç°ãªã€ãçµæ¶é¢ã«äœ
眮ãã端é¢ïŒãšããžé¢ïŒãå«ã¿ãæ·»å ç©ã®çžéã«
ããåžçäœçœ®ã®ç«¶åãäœæžããããšãã§ãããæ¬
æçްæžã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ããªã
çšèªã¯ãåãã0.5ÎŒïœæªæºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯0.3ÎŒïœæª
æºïŒã§çŽåŸãå°ãªããšã0.6ÎŒïœã®å¡©åç©ãäž»ãã
ããã²ã³åç©ãšããŠå«ã¿ãå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã
ïŒïŒïŒãã倧ãããã€ä¹³å€äžã«ååšããäž»ãšããŠ
å¡©åç©ã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šææ é¢ç©ã®å°ãªã
ãšã50ïŒ ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åã«åºã¥ããã®
ã§ãããããªããšãæãã以äžã«ãããŠè¿°ã¹ãå¹³
åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯åã³ææ é¢ç©ãªãèªã¯ãç¹ã«æã
ãªãéããåæ§ã«å®çŸ©ããããã®ãšããã æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ãã
ã²ã³åéç²åä¹³å€ã¯ãåãã0.5ÎŒïœæªæºïŒå¥œãŸã
ãã¯0.3ÎŒïœæªæºïŒåã³çŽåŸãå°ãªããšã0.6ÎŒïœã®
ããã²ã³åç²åãå°ãªããšã12ïŒïŒã奜é©ã«ã¯å°
ãªããšã20ïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæãããã®
ã§ãããæ¥µããŠé«ãå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ïŒ50ïŒïŒã
100ïŒïŒãåã¯ãã以äžïŒãåŸãããšãã§ããã
æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠããããã®ããã²ã³
åéç²åã¯ããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šææ é¢ç©ã®å°ãª
ããšã70ïŒ ãæé©ã«ã¯å°ãªããšã90ïŒ ãæ§æã
ãã æ¬çºæã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ãããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®
åè¿°ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯åœæ¥è ã«åšç¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠå®¹
æã«ç¢ºãããããšãã§ãããæ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠäœ¿
çšãããã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ããªãçšèªã¯ç²åã®åãã«
察ããç²åã®çŽåŸã®æ¯ãæå³ãããæ¬¡ã«ãç²åã®
ãçŽåŸããªãèªã¯ãä¹³å€ãµã³ãã«ãå é¡åŸ®é¡åã¯
é»åé¡åŸ®é¡ã§èгå¯ããå Žåã®ç²åã®ææ é¢ç©ãšç
ããé¢ç©ãæããåã®çŽåŸãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããä¹³å€
ãµã³ãã«ã®åœ±ã®ããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡åçãããããã
ãã®ç²åã®åãåã³çŽåŸã枬å®ããããšãã§ãã
ãããŠåã0.5ÎŒïœïŒåã¯0.3ÎŒïœïŒæªæºåã³çŽåŸ
0.6ÎŒïœä»¥äžã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãåå®ããããšãã§ã
ãããããããåå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãèš
ç®ããããšãã§ãããããŠåèšåãåã³çŽåŸã®åº
æºã«åèŽãããµã³ãã«ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ãã¹ãŠã®ã¢
ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãå¹³ååããŠãããã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯ãåŸãããšãã§ããããã®å®çŸ©ã«ãã€ãŠãå¹³å
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯åã ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ã®å¹³åã§ããããšãæãããšãªãã§ããããå®é
ã«ã¯ãåã0.3ÎŒïœæªæºã§çŽåŸ0.6ÎŒïœä»¥äžã®å¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã®å¹³ååãåã³å¹³åçŽåŸãæ±ãããããã®äº
ã€ã®å¹³åå€ã®æ¯ãšããŠå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãèšç®ã
ãã®ãäžè¬ã«ã¯ç°¡åã§ãããåã ã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ã®å¹³åå€ãçšããŠå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæ±ããŠãã
ãããã¯åãåã³çŽåŸã®å¹³åãçšããŠå¹³åã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ãæ±ããŠããå¯èœãªç²å枬å®ã®èš±å®¹èª€å·®ç¯
å²å ã«ãããŠãåŸãããå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯å®è³ª
äžå·®ããªããé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«ããããåèšåãåã³
çŽåŸã®åºæºã«åèŽããããã²ã³åéç²åã®ææ é¢
ç©ãšãæ®åããããã²ã³åéç²åã®ææ é¢ç©ãšã
å¥ã ã«å ç®ããããšãã§ãããããŠãããã®äºã€
ã®å ç®å€ããåãåã³çŽåŸã®åºæºã«åèŽããç²å
ã«ãã€ãŠäžããããããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šææ é¢
ç©ã®çŸåçãèšç®ããããšãã§ããã äžã®æž¬å®ã«ãããŠã0.5ÎŒïœïŒåã¯0.3ÎŒïœïŒæªæº
ã®åç §ïŒåã¯åºæºïŒå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²ååãã¯ãåççæ§
質ã®å£ãããåãç²åããç¬ç¹ã®èãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ãåºå¥ããããã«éžå®ãããåç §ç²åçŽåŸ0.6ÎŒïœ
ã¯ãããããçŽåŸãå°ãããšé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«ãããŠ
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšããã€ãåºå¥ããã
ãšãã§ãããšã¯éããªãããã§ãããæ¬æçްæžã«
ãããŠäœ¿çšãããææ é¢ç©ïŒprojected areaïŒã
ã¯åœæ¥çã«ãããŠåºã䜿çšãããŠãããææ é¢ç©
ïŒprojection areaåã¯projective areaïŒããªãçš
èªãšå šãåäžã®æå³ã§ããããããã¯ãäŸãã°ã
Jamesåã³Higginsã®Fundamentals of
Photographic TheoryãMorgan and Morganã
ããŠãŒãšãŒã¯ã15é ãåç §ããããã ããã«å®çŸ©ããããã«ãæ¬çºæã®æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§
åçä¹³å€ã¯äžã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠæ°ãã圢ç¶
ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ãã代衚çãªç²å圢ç¶ã¯ç¬¬ïŒïœ
å³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïœå³ã«æš¡åŒçã«ç€ºããéãã§ãããç²
åïŒïŒïŒã¯ãå³ã«ç€ºãããã«ãçžå¯Ÿããå¹³è¡ãªäž»
èŠé¢ïŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒïŒãæãããé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«ã
ããŠå¹³é¢ãçºãããšãäž»èŠé¢ã¯ç«¯é¢ïŒïŒïŒïœïŒ
ïœïŒïœïŒïœïŒïœ ãåã³ïœã«ãã€ãŠå¢çãããèŠå
çãªå è§åœ¢ãšããŠèŠãããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«ãã
ãŠèŠãåèšç«¯é¢ã¯ãå¹³é¢ç¶ã«èŠãããçµæ¶çç ç©¶
ã«ããã°ãç²åã®äž»èŠé¢ã¯ããããïœ111ïœçµæ¶
é¢ã«äœçœ®ããããšãããã€ãã 第ïŒïœå³ã«ç€ºãïŒ211ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«ïŒïŒïŒïœïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒïœãåã³
ïŒïŒïŒïœã¯äž»èŠé¢ïŒïŒïŒã®å¹³é¢ã«60âã®è§åºŠã§äº€
å·®ããŠãããç²åïŒïŒïŒã«ãããŠãïŒåã®ç«¯é¢ã®
ããããã¯ïŒ211ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«ã®äžã€ã«å¹³è¡ã«
äœçœ®ããŠããããã«ç€ºãããŠããã端é¢ïŒïŒïŒïœ
åã³ïŒïŒïŒïœã¯ãã¯ãã«ïŒïŒïŒã«å¹³è¡ã«äœçœ®ãã
端é¢ïŒïŒïŒïœåã³ïŒïŒïŒïœã¯ãã¯ãã«ïŒïŒïŒã«å¹³
è¡ã«äœçœ®ãããããŠç«¯é¢ïŒïŒïŒïœ åã³ïŒïŒïŒïœã¯
ãã¯ãã«ïŒïŒïŒã«å¯Ÿãå¹³è¡ã«äœçœ®ããããããã®
端é¢ã¯ïœ110ïœçµæ¶é¢ã«äœçœ®ãããšæãããå Žå
ã«ãã€ãŠã¯å¥ã«æå®ãããïœ220ïœçµæ¶é¢ã«äœçœ®
ãããšæãããã æ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠèŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ç¬ç¹ã®
çµæ¶æ§é ã¯æ·»ä»ãã第ïŒïœå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïœå³ãåç §
ããããšã«ãã€ãŠäžå±€æããã«ããããšãã§ãã
ããã«ã¯ç°ãªã€ããããããããæ°ããæ¹æ³ã«ã
ã€ãŠè£œé ãã代衚çãªå¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéã®å¶åŸ¡ããç²
åãæš¡åŒçã«ç€ºãããŠãããçµæ¶çç ç©¶ã«ãã
ã°ãäž»èŠé¢ïŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒïŒã®ã¿ãªããã端é¢ïŒ
ïŒïŒãïœ111ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ããŠããããšã瀺
åãããããã®ç«¯é¢ã¯å¹³é¢ç¶ã«ã¯èŠããªããããª
ãã¡ãé¢åã³ãšããžã®é 眮ã«ã€ããŠèšãã°ãå¶åŸ¡
ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéç²åã¯èåéåã³æ²èåéã®
å¹³æ¿ç¶åã³ã·ãŒãç¶çµæ¶ã®å€ãã®çºè¡šãããç ç©¶
ã«ããããã®ãšåæ§ã«èŠãããå¹³é¢ã§æãããªã
ãã«ããããã®ç²åã¯èŠåæ£ããå è§åœ¢ãšããŠã¯
èªããããªãããããããããã®ç²åã¯å žåçãª
äžèŠåãªå è§åœ¢ã§ããããããŠããã·ãŠç·ã«ãã€
ãŠç€ºãããŠããããã«è£æããç蟺äžè§åœ¢ãšããŠ
芳å¯ããããšãã§ãããçµæ¶åŠçç ç©¶ããã¿ã
ãšã60床ã®è§åºŠã§äº€å·®ããïŒ211ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«
ïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒïœãåã³ïŒïŒïŒïœã®ãããããšããžïŒïŒïŒã«å¯Ÿ
ããŠå¹³è¡ã§ãªãããã«èŠããããã®ããã«ãæ¬æ
现æžã«ãããŠèŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ç«¯é¢ã¯å¶åŸ¡ã
ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å䞊ã³ã«åæ§ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶èåéåã³æ²è
åéç²åã®ç«¯é¢ã«æ¯èŒããŠãçµæ¶æ Œåã«å¯ŸããŠ30
âå転ããããã«èŠãããšãã§ããã èŠåçãªå è§åœ¢ãšããŠé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«èŠããå¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åãæ¬çºæã«åŸã€ãŠè£œé ããããšãã§ãã
ãããã®ä»ã®åšå²åœ¢ç¶ã®ãã®ã補é ããã€èгå¯ã
ãããããã¯ãäŸãã°ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç²åïŒïŒïŒãšããŠ
æš¡åŒçã«ç€ºãéãã§ããããããã®ç²åã¯ãïŒå
ã®ãšããžãæãããããã«ãïŒåã®ãšããžïŒïŒïŒ
ïœãšïŒåã®ãšããžïŒïŒïŒïœãšã亀äºã«è¡šãããã
ãªãã¡åèš12åã®ãšããžãæããããã«èŠããã
ãã®ããã«å¹³é¢å³ã§èŠãæã«ããããã®ç²åã¯å
äºè§åœ¢ãšããŠèŠãããšãã§ãããããã·ãŠç·ã«ã
ã€ãŠç€ºãããŠããããã«ãïŒåã®è¿œå ã®ãšããžã¯
ãã®æé·ã®æçµæ®µéã«ãããŠå è§åœ¢äžã®ç²åã®è£
æã«ãã€ãŠåŸããããã®ãšæããããåã¯èŠåç
ãªå€è§åœ¢ã®ãšããžã®æ°ãç¡éã«å°éããå Žåã«èŠ
ãããšãã§ããã®ã§ãå è§åœ¢ãããæŽã«å€§ãã床
åã®åäºè§åœ¢ãé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«ãããŠäžå±€äžžãèŠã
ãã®ã¯ãç¹ã«ãããã®ãšããžã®äº€å·®ç¹ã«ãããŠäž
局䞞ãèŠããã®ã¯é©ãã«å€ããªããæ¬æçްæžã«ã
ããŠèŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯äžã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ã
ããŠéåžžã«ã¯ã€ããããèŠåçãªå è§åœ¢åœ¢ç¶ãã
ã®å¹³åŠãªãšããžéšåã容æã«ã¯èŠèŠçã«åºå¥ã§ã
ãªãã»ãšãã©åç¶ã®åœ¢ç¶ã䞊ã³ã«ãããã®äžéã®
圢ç¶ãå«ãããšãã§ãããæ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠèŠå®
ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãã®äžã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠ
åå Žåã«ãã®äž»èŠé¢ã®äžã€ã®å¹³é¢ã«ãããïŒ211
ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«ã«å¹³è¡ãªå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ãšããž
ãæãããã®ãšããŠç¹åŸŽã¥ããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«åŸã€ãŠè£œé ãããå¡©åç©å«æå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åä¹³å€ã¯ã圢æããã圢ã§ã忣åªã®äžéšãšã
ãŠã以äžã«è¿°ã¹ãã¿ã€ãã®ããªãšãŒãã«çµåãå«
ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãå«ãããã®ããªãšãŒãã«çµåå«
æããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã¯ä¹³å€äžã«ãããŠå šééåœãçŽ
0.1ã10ééïŒ ã®æ¿åºŠã§æ²æŸ±çæã®çµãã«ååšã
ãããã®ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã¯ç²åã®æ²æŸ±ãèµ·ãåå¿å®¹
åšäžã«åœåããå®å šã«ååšããããšãã§ãããŸã
åå¿å®¹åšäžã«éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ãšäžç·ã«åäž
ãããã¯å¥ã®ãžãšãããéããŠå«ãŸããããšãã§
ããããã ããå°ãªããšãæå°ã®æ¿åºŠã¯æåã®æ ž
çæåã³åŒãç¶ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®æé·ã®éã«åå¿å®¹
åšäžã«ååšããå¿ èŠããããåå¿å®¹åšäžã«ããã
ããªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®æ¿åºŠã¯åå¿
容åšã®å 容ç©ã®å šééåœãã0.3ãïŒééïŒ ãæ
é©ã«ã¯0.5ã2.0ééïŒ ã®ç¯å²ã§ååšããã®ã奜ãŸ
ãããæ²æŸ±äžãåã¯å¥œãŸããã¯æ²æŸ±åŸãåèšããª
ãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãä»»æã®äžè¬çãª
ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãšäžç·ã«è£å ããŠå šééåœãçŽ10é
éïŒ ãŸã§ã®å šããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒæ¿åºŠãšããããšãã§ã
ããããªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã¯å°ãªã
ãšãéšåçã«å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®è¡šé¢ã«åžçããããã
ãŠãã®ååšäžã«ä¹³å€ãäžæŠåœ¢æããããšå®¹æã«ã¯
å®å šã«çœ®ãæããããªããããã§ããä¹³å€ãå®å š
ã«åœ¢æãããåŸãäžè¬çãªæŽæµæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠãã
ã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®æ¿åºŠãæžå°ããããæçµä¹³å€äžã«ãã
ãå ã®ããªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãéåžž
ã«å°éïŒããååšããå Žåã«ã¯ïŒæ®åãããããš
ãã§ããã ããªãšãŒãã«çµåãå«ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãšããŠã¯
äžã«åŒçšããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3615624å·åã³å第
3692753å·ã«é瀺ããããã®ããããããšãã§ã
ãããããã®ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã¯ã(1)ç·ç¶ããªããŒé
ã«ããã¬ã€ã³é žãã¢ã¯ãªã«é žåã¯ã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žã®
ã¢ããåã¯ãšã¹ãã«ã®å埩åäœã§ãã€ãŠãããã
ãã®ã¢ããåã³ãšã¹ãã«ã«å«ãŸããããããã®ã¢
ãã³åã¯ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«çž®åæ®æž£ãå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®
ã¹ã«ãã€ãâç¡«é»ååãçµåããäºã€ã®ã¢ã«ãã«
ççŽ ååãæããææ©ã©ãžã«ã«ãå«ã¿ãã€(2)å°ãª
ããšãäžã€ã®ä»ã®ãšãã¬ã³ç³»äžé£œåã¢ãããŒã®å
äœãå«ã氎溶æ§ç·ç¶ã³ããªããŒã§ãããåŸè ã®ç¹°
ãè¿ãåäœã¯ã代衚çã«ã¯ãæ²æŸ±æã®PHæ°Žæºã§ã¢
ãããŒã«æ°Žæº¶æ§ãäžããããšã®ã§ããå°ãªããšã
äžã€ã®åºãå«ããäŸãã°ãåèšåäœã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³
é žåã¯ã¹ã«ãã³é žå¡©çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¹ã«ãã€ã
âç¡«é»ååãçµåããäºã€ã®ã¢ã«ãã«ççŽ ååã
å«ãããªãšãŒãã«åºã«çœ®ãããã€ã以å€ã¯ãåèš
å埩åäœ(1)ãšåæ§ã®ãã®ãšããããšãã§ãããã
ã®ã¿ã€ãã®åäœã¯æŽã«ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3615624å·ã«é
瀺ãããŠãããããªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿å埩åäœ
ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®çŽ2.5ã35ã¢ã«
ïŒ ã§ããã æ¬æçްæžã«èŠå®ããå¡©åç©å«æå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ã
ãªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®äžååšäžã«ã¯
圢æãããªããæŽã«ãåèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ããªãšãŒ
ãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®ååšäžã«ãããŠãã
å°éã®çµæ¶æ¹è³ªå€ãååšããªãéã圢æãããª
ãã以äžã«ä¹³å€28ã«é¢ããŠã詳现ã«èª¬æãããã
ã«ãããå Žåã«ã¯ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ä¹³å€ã¯æ²åç©ãçµæ¶æ¹è³ªå€ãšããå Žåã«ãåŸãã
ãšãã§ãããã奜ãŸããçµæ¶æ¹è³ªå€ã¯ã¢ããã¢ã¶
ã€ã³ãã³ã§ãããæ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠèŠå®ãããã¢
ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã¯ãç°çœ®æäœãšããŠãã¢ããçª
çŽ ååã®ãšããã§ç°ã«çµåããã¢ããåºãæãã
ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãèšããäžè¬çã«çè§£ãããŠããã
ãã«ãã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã¯ã€ã³ãã³ã®è³éŠæç°æ§é ã
æããååç©ã§ãããããã®ç°ççŽ ååã®äžã€å
ã¯ãã以äžãçªçŽ ååã«ãã€ãŠçœ®ãæããããã
ã®ã§ããããã®ãããªååç©ãç¹ã«ïŒåãïŒåã®
ççŽ ååãçªçŽ ååã«ãã€ãŠçœ®ãæããããåå
ç©ã¯ãåçä¹³å€ã«ãããŠãç²åæé·æ¹è³ªå€ãã«ã
ãªé²æ¢å€åã³å®å®å€ãšããŠæçšã§ããããšãèªã
ãããŠãããæ¬çºæã®å®æœã«éã䜿çšããã®ã«ç¹
ã«å¥œãŸããã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã¯ãäŸãã°ã¢ãã
ã³åã³ã°ã¢ãã³ã®ããã«ãå Žåã«ãã€ãŠã¯ã¢ãã
ããªã³ãšãåŒã°ãããããã©ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã®ç°ç
çŽ ååã«çµåããäžçŽã¢ãã眮æåºãæãããã®
ã§ãããã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã¯ç²åæé·æ¹è³ªéãš
ããŠäžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããŠããéã§äœ¿çšããããšã
ã§ããããéïŒã¢ã«åœã10-3ã¢ã«çšåºŠã®éåžžã«å°
ãªãæ¿åºŠã§æå¹ã§ãããæçšãªæ¿åºŠã¯éïŒã¢ã«åœ
ã0.1ã¢ã«çšåºŠã®é«ãç¯å²ã®éãšããããšãã§ã
ããäžè¬ã«å¥œãŸããã®ã¯ãããã²ã³åéã®æ²æŸ±å·¥
çšã«ãããŠãåå¿åšäžã«éïŒã¢ã«åœãçŽ0.5Ã
10-2ãïŒÃ10-2ã¢ã«ã®ã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³éãç¶
æããããšã§ãããåçä¹³å€ã«ãããŠå®å®å€ãšã
ãŠæçšã§ãããšç¥ãããŠããç¹å®ã®ã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€
ã³ãã³ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2444605å·ãå第2743181å·
åã³å第2772146å·ã«äŸç€ºãããŠãããä¹³å€ãäž
æŠåœ¢æããããšãã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã¯ãã¯ãå¿
èŠã§ã¯ãªãããå žåçã«ã¯å°ãªããšããã®äžéšã
ç²å衚é¢ã«åžçããŠæ®åãããããã²ã³åéç²å
衚é¢ã«åŒ·ãèŠªåæ§ã瀺ãååç©ãäŸãã°åå 墿
è²çŽ ãã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã«çœ®ãæããããšãã§
ããããã«ãã€ãŠã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãä¹³å€ããæŽæµã«
ãã€ãŠå®è³ªäžå®å šã«é€å»ããããšãã§ããã ã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³åã³ããªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿
ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã¯äžç·ã«äœçšããŠææã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ã®æ§è³ªãäžãããã®ãšæããããããå Žåã«ã¯ã
ç²å圢æã®åææ®µéã«ãããŠå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ïœ111ïœ
äž»èŠçµæ¶é¢ã®ã¿ãªããïœ111ïœãšããžãæããã
ãšãèªãããããæ²æŸ±ãé²è¡ããã«åŸã€ãŠãåäº
é¢äœäž»èŠçµæ¶é¢ãžã®è»¢ç§»ãèªãããããæåŸã«ã
æ²æŸ±ãæŽã«é²è¡ãããšãèŠåçãªå é¢äœïœ111ïœ
äž»èŠçµæ¶é¢åã³ïœ110ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ãããšã
ãžã瀺ããã®ãšæããããäž»èŠè¡šé¢ã®äžã€ã®å¹³é¢
ã«äœçœ®ããïŒ211ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«ã«å¹³è¡ãªåšèŸºã®
ãšããžãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãçæããããšãã§ã
ãã æ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠåŸãããåèšããç¬ç¹ã®ç¹
城ãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãçæããçè«ã«ãã€ãŠæ¬
çºæãéå®ããã€ããã¯ç¹ã«ãªãããæ¬çºæè ã
ã¯ã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãåçææ®µéã«ãããŠ
ïœ111ïœçµæ¶é¢ã®çæãããããããããäž»ããå¡©
åç©ç²åã«åœ±é¿ãåãŒããã®ãšæããæ¬¡ã«ããã®
ïœ111ïœçµæ¶é¢ã¯ãåŸæ¥å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã圢æãããã®
ãšããŠã¿ãªãããŠããäºéåæ¶å¹³é¢ã圢æããã
ãã®ãšæããããªãšãŒãã«çµåãå«ãããã¿ã€ã¶
ãŒã¯ããã®åŸãç²åã®æé·æ®µéã«ãããŠãäžã«èг
å¯ããç¬ç¹ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ãšããžãçãã転移ã
åŒãèµ·ããã®ãšæãããããã®ç²åæé·æ©æ§ã®è
ãã¯ç²åã®çš®ã ãªæé·æ®µéã§ç²åã芳å¯ããã€ã¢
ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã®æ°Žæºã調ç¯ããããšã«ãã€ãŠ
確èªãããã®ã§ãããã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã®æ¿åºŠ
ãå¢å€§ããããšãïœ111ïœçµæ¶ãšããžãæããåå
ã«æºè¶³ãã¹ãç²åãåŸãããããåèšããç¬ç¹ã®
ç²åãšããžã®çæãé å»¶ããããããŠããå Žåã«
ã¯æé€ãããã æ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠèŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãåœ
åå¡©åç©ä»¥å€ã®ããã²ã³åç©ãååšãããªãã§æ²
柱ããããå Žåã«ã¯ãçæããç²åã®äžå€®é åã¯
èåç©åã³æ²åç©ã®ãããããå®è³ªäžå«ãŸããã
ããŠäž»èŠè¡šé¢ã®äžã€ã®å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ããäžã€ããã
ã¯ãã以äžã®ïŒ211ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«ã«å¹³è¡ã«äœçœ®
ããäžã€ãããã¯ãã以äžã®ç²åãšããžã®ååšã
ããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãä»ã®ç²åããåºå¥ã
ãã®ã«å¥œéœåãªä»å çãªæ§é ã®å·®ãäžããã æ¬æçްæžã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å°ãªããšãäž
倮é åã¯éã«å¯Ÿãå°ãªããšã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®å¡©åç©ãš
ããããšãã§ããããæŽã«å®è³ªéã®ãèåç©åã³
æ²åç©ã®å°ãªããšãäžã€ãå«ãããšãã§ãããè
åç©åã³ïŒåã¯æ²åç©ãååšããå Žåã«ã¯éåžžå°
ãªããšãçŽ0.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®æ¿åºŠã§ååšããããéèŠ
ãªåçäœçšã¯0.05ã¢ã«ïŒ çšåºŠã®äœãæ¿åºŠã®èåç©
åã³ïŒåã¯æ²åç©ã§éæããããšãã§ããã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯çŽ10ã¢ã«ïŒ ãŸã§ã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒã¢
ã«ïŒ ãŸã§ãæé©ã«ã¯ïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ãŸã§ã®æ²åç©ãå«ã
ããšãã§ãããå¡©åç©åã³æ²åç©ã®ä»ã«ããã²ã³
åç©ãå«ãå Žåã«ã¯èåç©ãå«ãããšãã§ããã
æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãé
ã«å¯Ÿãã75ã¢ã«ïŒ ããå€ãéã®å¡©åç©ãæé©ã«ã¯
90ã¢ã«ïŒ ããå€ãéã®å¡©åç©ãå«ããå®è³ªäžå¡©å
éãããªãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå¯èœã§ããããããŠå¡©å
éä¹³å€ãäžè¬çã«äœ¿çšããçšéã«ãããŠã¯ç¹ã«å¥œ
é©ã§ãããå®è³ªéã®èåç©åã³ïŒåã¯æ²åç©ãå¹³
æ¿åœ¢ç¶ã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒãããšãªãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«çµ
ã¿èŸŒãããšãã§ããããã«ãã€ãŠæ§ã ãªããã²ã³
åç©ãå¿ èŠãšããçš®ã ã®åççšéã«ããè¯å¥œã«äœ¿
çšããããšãã§ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãäŸããããšãã§
ããã®ã¯æ¬çºæã®ç¹å¥ã®å©çã§ããã ä¹³å€ã®æ²æŸ±ã®æåã®æç¹ã§ãåè¿°ã®ããã¿ã€ã¶
ãŒåã³çµæ¶æ¹è³ªå€ãå«ã忣åªã®å°ãªããšãäžéš
ãæå¹ãªæ¹ææ©æ§ãå«ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«ååšãã
ããå žåçã«ã¯ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«æåã«å°å ¥ããã
忣åªã¯ãç²åæ²æŸ±ã®çµãã«ä¹³å€äžã«ååšããå
æ£åªã®å šééåœããå°ãªããšãçŽ10ééïŒ ã奜ãŸ
ããã¯20ã100ééïŒ ã§ããããã©ã³ã¹ç¹èš±ç¬¬
2471620å·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã«ã®ãŒç¹èš±ç¬¬886645å·ã«
æããããŠããããã«ã忣åªã¯ç²åã®æ²æŸ±äžã«
é倿¿Ÿéã«ãã€ãŠåå¿å®¹åšããé€å»ããããšãã§
ããã®ã§ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«åœåååšããã忣åªã®
容ç©ã¯ç²åæ²æŸ±ã®çµãã«åå¿å®¹åšã«ååšããä¹³å€
ã®å®¹ç©ãšçããããããšãã§ãããããã¯ä¹³å€ã®
容ç©ããå€ãããããšãããã§ãããåå¿å®¹åšäž
ã«æåã«å°å ¥ããã忣åªã¯ãæ°Žåã¯ããã¿ã€ã¶
ãŒãæ°Žã«åæ£ãããåæ£æ¶²ã§ãããå Žåã«ãã€ãŠ
ã¯ä»¥äžã«æŽã«è©³ãã説æããããã«ãäžçš®ããã
ã¯ãã以äžã®ããã²ã³åéçæå€åã³ïŒåã¯éå±
ããŒãå€ã®ãããªå¥ã®é åæåãå«ããã®ã§ãã€
ãŠããããããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãæåã«ååšããå Žåã«
ã¯ãæ²æŸ±ã®çµç¹ã«ãããŠååšããå šããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒ
ã®éã®å°ãªããšã10ïŒ ãæŽã«å¥œãŸããã¯å°ãªããš
ã20ïŒ ã®æ¿åºŠã§äœ¿çšããã®ã奜ãŸããã远å ã®å
æ£åªã¯ãåå¿å®¹åšã«éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ãšäžç·
ã«å ãããããããŠå¥ã®ãžãšãããéããŠå°å ¥ã
ãããšãã§ãããåèšå¡©ã®å°å ¥å®äºåŸã忣åªã®
æ¯çã調ç¯ããããšãç¹ã«ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®æ¯çã
å¢å ãããããšã¯äžè¬çã«è¡ãªãããæ¹æ³ã§ã
ãã æ²æŸ±äžã®åå¿å®¹åšå ã®PHã¯äžæ§ã«å¯ŸããŠé žæ§åŽ
ã«ä¿æãããæé©PHæ°Žæºã¯æ²æŸ±ã®ããã«éžã°ãã
æé·æ¹è³ªå€åã³æž©åºŠã«ãã€ãŠåœ±é¿ãåããã20ã
90âã®ç¯å²ã®æž©åºŠå ã«ãããŠã¯ãPHå€ã¯ïŒã5.0
ã®ç¯å²å ã§ãããæ²æŸ±ã¯çŽ2.5ã3.5ã®ç¯å²ã®PHå€
åã³40ã90âã®æž©åºŠç¯å²ã«ãããŠå®æœããã®ã奜
ãŸãããæ²æŸ±æäœäžãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³
æ¿åºŠãå¶åŸ¡ãããäžè¬çã«æçšãªãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®
å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã¯ãçŽ0.1ã5.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã§ã
ãã奜ãŸããå¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã¯çŽ0.5ã3.0ã¢ã«
æ¿åºŠã§ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸãããã®ä»ã®
ããã²ã³åç©ã®æ¯çã¯å°å ¥ãããä»ã®ããã²ã³å
ç©å¡©ã«å¯Ÿããå¡©åç©ã®æ¯çã調ç¯ããããšã«ãã€
ãŠå¶åŸ¡ããããšãã§ãããåå¿å®¹åšäžã®ããã²ã³
åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã¯pAgãæž¬å®ããããšã«ãã€ãŠç£
èŠããããšãã§ããã ããã²ã³åç©ãäž»ãšããŠå¡©åç©ã§ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åãæ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠäžæŠåœ¢æããããšãä»ã®
ããã²ã³åç©ã¯åœæ¥è ã«åšç¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠåèš
ç²åäžã«çµã¿èŸŒãããšãã§ãããéå¡©ã·ãšã«ã圢
æããæè¡ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3367778å·ãå第
3206313å·ãå第3317322å·ãå第3917485å·åã³
å第4150994å·ã«ç€ºãããŠãããäžè¬çãªã·ãšã«
åæ¹æ³ã¯é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã圢æãã
ããã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãã·ãšã«ã®æé·ãé²ãã«
åŸã€ãŠä¹³å€ã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯æžå°ãããå¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åã®åœ¢æã«å¥œãŸããæ¡ä»¶ãã·ãšã«ã®åœ¢ææã«
åå¿å®¹åšã«ååšããå Žåã«ã¯ãã·ãšã«ã®æé·ã¯ç²
åã®å€åŽãšããžäžã«åªå çã«èµ·ããã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ã®äœäžãèµ·ããªãããã«ããããšãã§ãããå¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åã¯ãã³ã¢ç²åãšããŠäœ¿çšãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ã«æ¯èŒããŠåŸãããã³ã¢âã·ãšã«ç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ãå¿ ç¶çã«æžå°ãããããšãªãã·ãšã«åãã
ããšãã§ãããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®ã³ã¢âã·ãšã«å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯çŽæ¥å転ç»åãçæãããã®ã«äœ¿
çšããããã«è£œé ããããšãã§ããã å¡©åéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã圢æãããåŸãããã²ã³å
ç©åã³éå¡©ã®äž¡æ¹ãå ããããšã«ãã€ãŠãå ã®ç²
åã¯ãã®ãŸãŸæ®åãããã远å ã®ããã²ã³åéã®
ä»çã®ããã®æ žãšããŠäœçšãããéãšåå¿ããŠå¡©
åéããæº¶è§£åºŠã®å°ãªãéå¡©ãçæããããšãã§
ããå¡©ãäŸãã°ããªã·ã¢ããŒããèåç©åã³ïŒå
ã¯æ²åç©å¡©ããéå¡©ãæ·»å ããããšãªããäž»ãšã
ãŠå¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åç©ç²åãå«ãä¹³å€ã«å ããå Žåã«
ã¯ããããã®å¡©ã¯çµæ¶æ§é äžã®å¡©åç©ãšçœ®ãæã
ãã§ãããããã®çœ®ãæãã¯çµæ¶è¡šé¢ã«ãããŠå§
ãŸããç²åã®å éšã«é²è¡ãããå¡©åéçµæ¶æ Œåã«
ãããå¡©åç©ã€ãªã³ã®èåç©ã€ãªã³ã«ãã眮æã
ãããŠå Žåã«ãã€ãŠã¯å°éå²åã®æ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã«
ãã眮æã¯ããç¥ãããŠããéãã§ããããã®ã
ããªä¹³å€ã¯åçæ¥çã«ãããŠããã²ã³åç©å€æã
ãã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãšåŒã°ããŠããããã®ãããªãã
ã²ã³åç©å€æä¹³å€åã³ãã®äœ¿çšæè¡ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2456953å·ãå第2592250å·ãå第2756148å·åã³
å第3622318å·ã«ç€ºãããŠãããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠ
ã¯ã20ã¢ã«ïŒ æªæºã奜ãŸããã¯10ã¢ã«ïŒ æªæºã®ã
ãã²ã³åç©ã眮æã®ããã«å°å ¥ããã眮æãé«ã¬
ãã«ã®å Žåã«ã¯ãç²åã®å¹³æ¿åœ¢ç¶ãåè§£ããå Žå
ã«ãã€ãŠã¯ç Žå£ãããããã®ããã«ãèåç©å
ã³ïŒåã¯æ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã®ç²å衚é¢åã¯ãã®è¿åã«
ãããå¡©åç©ã€ãªã³ãšã®çœ®æãå¯èœã§ããããå
éšæœå圢æç²åã補é ããæã«äžè¬çã«è¡ãªãã
ãŠããããã«ãå€éã®ããã²ã³åç©å€æã¯ããã§
ã¯èæ ®ããŠããªãã ããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéç²åã®åœ¢æã«é
ããæ°Žåæ£åªã¯äžè¬çãªããã²ã³åéåå¿å®¹åšã«
è£ å ¥ããããåå¿å®¹åšå ã®åæ£åªã®PHåã³pAgã¯
æ¬çºæã«åŸã€ãæ²æŸ±æ¡ä»¶ãæºè¶³ãããã調ç¯ãã
ããæ¬çºæã®å®æœã«éã䜿çšããããšãã§ãã
pAgã®ç¯å²ã¯å¹³è¡¡ç¹ïŒéåã³ããã²ã³åç©ã€ãªã³
ã®æ¿åºŠãååŠéè«éçã«çãããªãpAgïŒã®ãã
ã²ã³åç©åŽã«ããã®ã§ãå¡©åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãæåã«
pAgã調ç¯ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããããã®åŸãé塩氎溶
æ¶²åã³å¡©åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãåæã«åå¿å®¹åšã«å ¥ã
ããåå¿å®¹åšå ã®pAgã¯ãäžè¬çãªæž¬å®æè¡ã«ã
ã€ãŠãã€éåã³å¡©åç©å¡©æº¶æ¶²ã®çžå¯Ÿçãªæµéã調
ç¯ããããšã«ãã€ãŠææã®ç¯å²å ã«ä¿æãããäž
è¬çãªæ€ç¥æè¡ãçšããŠãåå¿å®¹åšã®PHãç£èŠã
ãããããŠéåã³å¡©åç©å¡©ãå°å ¥ããªãããå¡©åº
ã®æ·»å ã«ãã€ãŠæå®ã®ç¯å²å ã«ä¿æãããããã²
ã³åéæ²æŸ±æäœäžã®pAgåã³PHã®å¶åŸ¡è£ 眮åã³äº
å®ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3031304å·åã³å第3821002å·äžŠã³
ã«Claesåã³Peelaersã®Photographische
Korrespondenzã103å·»ã161é ïŒ1967幎ïŒã«é瀺
ãããŠãããããã«ãããŠäœ¿çšããpAgãpBrå
ã³PHãªãçšèªã¯ããããããéãèçŽ åã³æ°ŽçŽ ã€
ãªã³æ¿åºŠã®è² 察æ°ïŒå¯Ÿæ°ã®éæ°ïŒãšããŠå®çŸ©ãã
ããã®ã§ããã åã ã®éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ã¯ãCulhaneçã®
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3821002å·ãOlverã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3031304å·åã³Claesçã®Photographische
Korrespondenzããã³ã102ãã³ãã1967幎11æ
10æ¥ã162é ã«ç€ºãããŠããããã«ãéåäŸçµŠå
ã¯éãåºãé床䞊ã³ã«åå¿å®¹åšå 容ç©ã®PHåã³ïŒ
ãããã¯pAgãå¶åŸ¡ããããã®éãåºãè£ çœ®ã«ã
ã€ãŠã衚é¢åã¯å å±€é¢äŸçµŠç®¡ã«ãã€ãŠåå¿å®¹åšã«
å ããããšãã§ãããåå¿å®¹åšå ã«åå¿äœãè¿ é
ã«ååžãããããã«ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2996287å·ã
å第3342605å·ãå第3415650å·ãå第3785777å·ã
å第4147551å·ãå第4171224å·ãè±åœç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬
2022431Aå·ããã€ãç¹èš±å ¬é第2555364å·åã³å
第2556885å·ã䞊ã³ã«Research Disclosureã166
å·»ã1978å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®16662ã«ç€ºãããŠãããã
ã«ãç¹å¥ã«æ§æãããæ··åè£ çœ®ã䜿çšããããšã
ã§ãããResearch Disclosureåã³ãã®ååè¡
ç©ãProduct Licensing Indexã¯Industrial
Opportunities Ltd.ïŒHomewellãHavantïŒ
HampshireãP09 1EFãè±åœãã®åè¡ç©ã§ããã ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããæ²æŸ±çææ¹æ³ã¯ãæäœäžã«éåã³
ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ã®å°å ¥é床ãå¢å€§ãããããšã«ã
ã€ãŠæ²æŸ±æéãççž®ãããæ¹æ³ã§ãããéåã³ã
ãã²ã³åç©å¡©ã®å°å ¥é床ã¯ã忣åªäžŠã³ã«éåã³
ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ãå°å ¥ããé床ãå¢å€§ãããããš
ã«ãã€ãŠéããããšãã§ãããããŸãå°å ¥ããå
æ£åªäžã®éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ¿åºŠãé«ããããš
ã«ãã€ãŠéãããããšãã§ãããéåã³ããã²ã³
åç©å¡©ã®å°å ¥é床ãéãããã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸãã
ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3650757å·ãå3672900å·åã³å
4242445å·ããã€ãå ¬éå ¬å ±2107118å·ããšãŒãã
ãç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬80102242å·äžŠã³ã«Weyã®âGrowth
Mechanism of AgBr Crystals in Gelatin
SolutionâãPhotographic Science and
Engineeringã21å·»ãïŒå·ã1977å¹ŽïŒæïŒïŒæã
14é 以éã«æããããŠããããã«ãå°å ¥éåºŠãæ°
ããç²åæ žã®çæãèµ·ããããéçæ°Žæºæªæºã«ä¿
æããããšãããªãã¡åæ žçæãåé¿ããã®ãç¹
ã«å¥œãŸãããçŽ30ïŒ æªæºã®å€åä¿æ°ãæããä¹³å€
ã¯æ¬çºæããã»ã¹ã調補ããããšãã§ããããã
ã§äœ¿çšãããå€åä¿æ°ããªãçšèªã¯ç²åçŽåŸã®æš
æºåå·®ãå¹³åç²åçŽåŸã§é€ããå€ã®100åãšããŠ
å®çŸ©ãããæ²æŸ±æé·æ®µéã«ãããŠãåæ žçæãæ
å³çã«è¡ãªãããããšã«ãã€ãŠãå®è³ªçã«ããé«
ãå€åä¿æ°ãæããå€åæ£ä¹³å€ã補é ããããšã
ã§ããããšã¯èšããŸã§ããªããäžã«ç¹ã«è¿°ã¹ã以
å€ã«ãããã²ã³åç©å«éãäž»ãšããŠå¡©åç©ã§ãã
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã調補ããæ¹æ³ã¯æ§ã ãªäžè¬çãª
圢ããšãããšãã§ãããé塩氎溶液ã¯ç¡é žéã®ã
ããªå¯æº¶æ§éå¡©ã䜿çšããããšãã§ããäžæ¹ãã
ã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã¯äžçš®ãããã¯ãã以äžã®æ°Žæº¶
æ§ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ïŒäŸãã°ãªããŠ
ã ããããªãŠã ãããã¯ã«ãªãŠã ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãª
åé¡éå±ïŒäŸãã°ãã°ãã·ãŠã ãããã¯ã«ã«ã·ãŠ
ã ïŒã®ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ã䜿çšããããšãã§ããã
éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã¯ãåºãæ¿åºŠãšãã
ããšãã§ããäŸãã°0.2ã7.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠåã¯ããã
ãé«ãæ¿åºŠã§äœ¿çšããããšãã§ããã éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«è£ å ¥ãã
ä»ã«ãããã²ã³åéæ²æŸ±ã®éçšã§åå¿å®¹åšäžã«å
åšãããšæçšã§ããæ§ã ãªååç©ãç¥ãããŠã
ããäŸãã°ãé ãã¿ãªãŠã ãéããã¹ãã¹ãã«ã
ããŠã ãäºéãäžéã®ã«ã«ã³ã²ã³ïŒããªãã¡ç¡«
é»ãã»ã¬ã³åã³ãã«ã«ïŒãéåã³ç¬¬æã®è²Žéå±
ã®ãããªéå±ã®ååç©ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®æ²æŸ±
ã®éçšã§äœãæ¿åºŠã§ååšãããããšãã§ãããã
ã®ããšã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1195432å·ãå第1951933å·ã
å第2448060å·ãå第2628167å·ãå第2950972å·ã
å第3488709å·ãå第3737313å·ãå第3772031å·
åã³å第4269927å·äžŠã³ã«Research Disclosureã
134å·»ã1975å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®13452ã«äŸç€ºãããŠã
ãããããã®éå±ããŒãå€ã®å¡©åéç²åäžã«ãã
ãååžã¯ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®éå±ååç©ã®äœçœ®ãéžå®
ããããšã«ãã€ãŠããããã¯éåã³å¡©åç©å¡©ã®å°
å ¥ã®éçšã§æ·»å ã®èª¿ç¯ãè¡ãããšã«ãã€ãŠå¶åŸ¡ã
ãããšãã§ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯Moisarçã®
Journal of Photographic Scienceã25å·»ã1977
幎ã19ã27é ã«ç€ºãããŠããããã«ããŠãæ²æŸ±ã®
éçšã«ãããŠå éšçã«éå 墿ããããããšãã§
ããã å¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéç²åä¹³å€ãçæããããã«éãã
忣åªã¯åå¿å®¹åšäžã«æåã«å«ãŸããŠããã奜ãŸ
ãã圢ã«ãããŠã忣åªã¯ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®æ°Žæžæ¿
æ¶²ãããªããããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒæ¿åºŠã¯ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®
乳倿åã®å šééã«å¯Ÿãã0.2ãçŽ10ééïŒ ãšã
ãããšãã§ãããããã²ã³åéã®çæååã³çæ
äžã«ãããŠãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®æ¿åºŠã
å šééã«å¯ŸãçŽïŒïŒ æªæºã«ä¿æãããããŠæé©ã®
ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ç¹æ§ãåŸãããããã«åŸãã远å ã®
ããã¯ã«ãæ·»å ããããšã«ãã€ãŠä¹³å€ããã¯ã«æ¿
床ãé«ã調ç¯ããã®ãäžè¬çãªæ¹æ³ã§ãããæå
ã«åœ¢æãããä¹³å€ã¯ããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœãçŽïŒ
ã50ïœã奜ãŸããã¯çŽ2.5ã30ïœã®ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒ
ãå«ããæ·»å ãããããã¯ã«ã¯åŸããå ããŠãã
ã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœã1000ïœãšããé«ãå€ã®æ¿åºŠãŸ
ã§ã«ããããšãã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯ãæçµä¹³å€äž
ã®ããã¯ã«æ¿åºŠã¯ããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœã50ïœã
ã倧ã§ãããåçèŠçŽ ã®è£œé æã«è¢«èŠåã³ä¹Ÿç¥ã
ãéãããã¯ã«ã¯ä¹³å€å±€ã®çŽ30ã70ééïŒ ãå ã
ãã®ã奜ãŸããã åè¿°ã®ããªãšãŒãã«çµåãå«ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®
ã»ãã«ãããã¯ã«ïŒãã€ã³ããŒåã³ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒ
ã®äž¡è ãå«ãïŒã¯ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œã«åžžçš
ããããã®ã®äžããéžã¶ããšãã§ããã奜ãŸãã
ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã¯èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã§ãã€ãŠãããã
ã¯åç¬ã§æãã¯çæ°Žæ§ç©è³ªãšçµåãããŠçšããã
ãšãã§ãããé©åœãªèŠªæ°Žæ§ããã¯ããšããŠã¯ãè
çœè³ªãèçœè³ªèªå°äœãäŸãã°ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãšã¹ãã«
ã®ãããªã»ã«ããŒã¹èªå°äœãäŸãã°ã¢ã«ã«ãªåŠç
ãŒã©ãã³ïŒç骚åã¯ç®é©ãŒã©ãã³ïŒåã¯é žåŠçãŒ
ã©ãã³ïŒè±ç®ãŒã©ãã³ïŒã®ãããªãŒã©ãã³ãäŸã
ã°ã¢ã»ãã«åãŒã©ãã³åã³ãã¿ã«åãŒã©ãã³ã®ã
ããªãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœã®åŠãç©è³ªãããããããã
ããã®ããã¯ã«åã³ãã®ä»ã®ããã¯ã«ã¯
Research Disclosureã176å·»ã1978幎12æãé
ç®17643ãç« ã«èšèŒãããŠãããç¹ã«èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³
ãã€ããå«ãããã¯ã«ç©è³ªåã³ãããšå ±ã«çšããŠ
æçšãªçæ°Žæ§ç©è³ªã¯ãåçèŠçŽ ã®ä¹³å€å±€äžã®ã¿ãª
ãããäžå¡å±€ãäžéå±€åã³ä¹³å€å±€äžã«äœçœ®ããå±€
ã®ãããªä»ã®å±€äžã«äœ¿çšããããšãã§ããã åèšä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œéçšã§ç²åã®çæãèµ·ããåŸ
ããå¡©åéã¯ããã®é«æ°Žæºã®æº¶è§£æ§ã®æ ã«ãçæ
å€ã®äžååšã«ãã€ãŠä»ã®ããã²ã³åéãããã®åœ±
é¿ãåããçšåºŠãå°ãªããçæãä¿é²ããã®ã«æ¢
ç¥ã®ããã²ã³åéæº¶åªãæçšã§ãããäŸãã°ãç
æå€ã¯éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ãæ·»å ããåã«åå¿
容åšäžã®åæ£åªäžã«å šéå«ãŸããŠããããšãã§ã
ããããããã¯ïŒãããã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®ããã²ã³åç©
å¡©ãéå¡©åã¯ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãå ããã®ãšäžçš®ã«å
å¿å®¹åšäžã«å°å ¥ããããšãã§ãããå¥ã®å€åœ¢æ æ§
ãšããŠãçæå€ãããã²ã³åç©å¡©åã³éå¡©æ·»å æ®µ
éã§ç¬ç«ã«å°å ¥ããããšãã§ãããçæå€ã¯å¥ã®
段éã§éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ã®å°å ¥ã«ç¶ããŠå°å ¥
ããããšãã§ããã æ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠèŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãæŽæµããŠå¯æº¶æ§å¡©
ãé€å»ããããã®å¯æº¶æ§å¡©ã¯ãäŸãã°ã
Research Disclosureã176å·»ã1978幎12æãé
ç®17643ãç« ã«ç€ºãããŠããããã«ããã«ã³ã
ãŒã·ãšã³ã濟éãåã³ïŒåã¯æ¥å·æ²éåã³æµžåºã®
ãããªå ¬ç¥æè¡ã«ãã€ãŠé€å»ããããšãã§ããã
æ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãæ²æŸ±ã®å®äºåŸå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ç
æãçµäºããéã«æŽæµãè¡ãã®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®
åãã®å¢å€§ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®äœæžåã³ïŒåã¯çŽåŸ
ã®é床ã®å¢å€§ãåé¿ããã®ãç¹ã«æå©ã§ãããå¢
æå€ãå«ãåã¯å«ãŸãªãä¹³å€ã¯ä¹Ÿç¥ããã€äœ¿çšã«
å ç«ã€ãŠè²¯èµããããšãã§ããã äžè¿°ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åèª¿è£œæ¹æ³ã«åŸã
ã°ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã«å¯Ÿããåãåã³çŽåŸã®åºæºã
æºè¶³ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå šããã²ã³åéç²åã®åèš
ææ é¢ç©ã®å°ãªããšã50ïŒ ãå ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã調補ããããšãã§ãããã
ãã®ãããªå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å²åãå¢å€§ããããšã«ã
ã€ãŠæŽã«å¥ã®å©ç¹ãéæãããããšãèªããã
ããåãåã³çŽåŸã®åºæºãæºè¶³ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²
ã³åéç²åãå šææ é¢ç©ã®å°ãªããšã70ïŒ ïŒæé©
ã«ã¯å°ãªããšã90ïŒ ïŒãå ããããšã奜ãŸããã
å°éã®éå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãååšããŠãå€ãã®åççšé
åéã§ã¯å šãåé¡ãèµ·ããããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å©ç¹
ãå®å šã«åŸãããããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å²åãå¢å€§ã
ãããšãã§ããã倧ããªå¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²å
ã¯ãåžžçšãããå颿è¡ãäŸãã°é å¿åé¢åã¯ã
ã€ãããµã€ã¯ãã³ãçšããŠç²åæ··åç©äžã®å°ããª
éå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããæ©æ¢°çã«åé¢ããããšãã§ã
ãããã€ãããµã€ã¯ãã³ã«ããåé¢ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3326641å·ã«æç€ºãããŠããã æ¬æçްæžã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ã
ãã²ã³åéç²åä¹³å€ã¯ååŠçã«å¢æããããšãã§
ãããããªãã¡ãåèšä¹³å€ã¯ãThe Theory of
the Photographic Processã第ïŒçã
Macmillanã1977幎ã67ã76é ã«èšèŒãããã
ãã«æŽ»æ§ãŒã©ãã³ãçšããŠååŠå¢æããããšãã§
ãããããŸãResearch Disclosureã120å·»ã
1974å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®12008ãResearch Disclosureã
134å·»ã1975å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®13452ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
1623499å·ãå第1673522å·ãå第2399083å·ãå
第2642361å·ãå第3297447å·åã³å第3297446å·ã
è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1315755å·ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3772031å·ãå
第3761267å·ãå第3857711å·ãå第3565633å·ã
å第3901714å·åã³å第3904415å·äžŠã³ã«è±åœç¹èš±
第1396696å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«ãpAg5ã10ãPH
ïŒãïŒåã³æž©åºŠ30ã80âã«ãããŠãç¡«é»ãã»ã¬
ã³ããã«ã«ãéãçœéããã©ãžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠ
ã ããªã¹ããŠã ãããžãŠã ãã¬ããŠã ãããã¯ç
墿å€åã¯ãããã®è€æ°ã®çµåããçšããŠååŠå¢
æããããšãã§ãããååŠå¢æã¯ãå Žåã«ãã€ãŠ
ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2642361å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«ã
ãªã·ã¢ããŒãååç©ã®ååšäžã«ããŸãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2521926å·ãå第3021215å·åã³å第4054457å·ã«
èšèŒãããã¿ã€ãã®ç¡«é»å«æååç©ã®ååšäžã«è¡
ãªããããååŠå¢æã¯ãä»äžãïŒååŠå¢æïŒæ¹è³ª
å€ãããªãã¡ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãã¢ã¶ããªããžã³ãã¢
ã¶ããªããžã³ããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã å¡©ã䞊ã³ã«äž
ãããã¯ãã以äžã®è€çŽ ç°æ žãæãã墿å€ã®ã
ãã«ãååŠå¢æã®éçšã§ã«ããªãæå¶ããã€æåºŠ
ãå¢å€§ãããã®ãšããŠç¥ãããååç©ã®ååšäžã«
宿œããããšãã§ãããä»äžãæ¹è³ªå€ã®äŸã¯ãç±³
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2131038å·ãå第3411914å·ãå第
3554757å·ãå第3565631å·åã³å第3901714å·ã
ã«ããç¹èš±ç¬¬778723å·åã³Duffinã®
Photographic Emulsion ChemistryãFocal
PressïŒ1966ïŒãããŠãŒãšãŒã¯ã138ã143é ã«èšèŒ
ãããŠãããååŠå¢æã«å ããŠãåã¯ãã®ä»£ã
ã«ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3891446å·åã³å第3984249å·ã«èš
èŒãããããã«ãäŸãã°æ°ŽçŽ ãçšããŠéå 墿ã
ãããšãã§ãããããŸãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2983609å·ã
Oftedahlçã®Research Disclosureã136å·»ã
1975å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®13654ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2518698å·ã
å第2739060å·ãå第2743182å·ãå第2743183å·ã
å第3026203å·åã³å第3361564å·ã«èšèŒãããã
ãã«ãå¡©å第äžé«ãäºé žåããªå°¿çŽ ãããªã¢ãã³
åã³ã¢ãã³ãã©ã³ã®ãããªéå å€ãçšããŠãåã¯
äœpAgïŒäŸãã°ïŒæªæºïŒåã³ïŒåã¯é«PHïŒäŸãã°
ïŒãã倧ïŒåŠçã«ãã€ãŠéå 墿ããããšãã§ã
ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3917485å·åã³å第3966476å·ã«èš
èŒãããå å±€é¢å¢æãå«ã衚é¢ååŠå¢æãè¡ãã
ãšãã§ããã ååŠå¢æã«å ããŠãæ¬çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®
å¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéç²åä¹³å€ã¯ãåå 墿ããããšãã§
ãããå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®éåã³ãã€ãã¹éïŒããª
ãã¡ç·åã³èµ€ïŒéšåã«åžå極倧ã瀺ãåå 墿è²
çŽ ãçšããããšãã§ãããå ããŠãç¹å¥ã®å©çšå
éã§ã¯ãåå 墿è²çŽ ãçšããŠãå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«
ãè¶ããåå å¿çæ§ãæ¹è¯ããããšãã§ãããäŸ
ãã°ãèµ€å€åžååå 墿å€ã®äœ¿çšãå¯èœã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã¯çš®ã ã®è²çŽ ãçšããŠåå 墿ã
ãããšãã§ãããçšããããè²çŽ ã«ã¯ãã·ã¢ã
ã³ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³ãé¯ã·ã¢ãã³åã³é¯ã¡ãã·ã¢ã
ã³ïŒããªãã¡ãããªâãããã©âåã³å€âæ žãã¢
ãã³åã³ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³ïŒããªããœããŒã«ããããª
ããœããŒã«ãã¹ããªã«ãã¡ãã¹ããªã«åã³ã¹ãã¬
ããã·ã¢ãã³ãå«ãããªã¡ãã³è²çŽ ãå«ãŸããã ã·ã¢ãã³åå 墿è²çŽ ã«ã¯ããããªããŠã ãã
ãªãžããŠã ãã€ãœãããªããŠã ã3Hâã€ã³ããª
ãŠã ããã³ããïœ ãã€ã³ããªãŠã ããªããµãŸãªãŠ
ã ããªããµãŸãªããŠã ããã¢ãŸãªãŠã ããã¢ãŸãª
ããŠã ãã»ã¬ããŸãªãŠã ãã»ã¬ããŸãªããŠã ãã€
ãããŸãªãŠã ãã€ãããŸãªããŠã ããã³ãŸããµãŸ
ãªããŠã ããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ããã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸ
ãªãŠã ããã³ãã€ãããŸãªãŠã ããããããµãŸãª
ãŠã ãããããã¢ãŸãªãŠã ããããã»ã¬ããŸãªãŠ
ã ããžãããããããã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããªãªãŠã å
ã³ã€ãããŸãã©ãžããŠã 第åçŽå¡©ããå°ãããã
ããªãã¡ãã³çµåã«ãã€ãŠçµåãããäºã€ã®å¡©åº
æ§è€çŽ ç°æ žãå«ãŸããã ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³åå 墿è²çŽ ã«ã¯ããã«ãããŒã«
é žãïŒâããªãã«ãããŒã«é žãããŒããã³ããã
ã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâããªããã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâããªãã
ã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâãã©ãŸãªã³âïŒâãªã³ãïŒâã€ãœ
ããµãŸãªã³âïŒâãªã³ãã€ã³ãã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãª
ã³ãã·ã¯ããããµã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³ãïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžãªããµã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³ããã©ãŸãªã³âïŒïŒ
ïŒâãžãªã³ããã³ã¿ã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³ãã¢ã«ã
ã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ããããªã«ãããããããªã«ã
ã€ãœãããªã³âïŒâãªã³åã³ã¯ããã³âïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžãªã³ããèªå°ããããããªé žæ§æ žãšã·ã¢ãã³æ
æåã®å¡©åºæ§è€çŽ ç°æ žãšãã¡ãã³çµåã«ããçµå
ããããã®ãå«ãã äžåã¯ãã以äžã®åå 墿è²çŽ ãçšããããšã
ã§ãããå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«å šäœã«äºãæ³¢é·ã«æå€§æ
床ãæããã€éåžžã«ãã©ãšãã€ã«å¯ãåå æåºŠæ²
ç·åœ¢ç¶ãæããè²çŽ ãç¥ãããŠãããè²çŽ ã®éžæ
åã³çžå¯Ÿçãªå²åã¯å¢æãæãŸããŠããã¹ãã¯ã
ã«ã®é å䞊ã³ã«æãŸããŠããåå æåºŠæ²ç·ã®åœ¢ç¶
ã«äŸåãããéè€ããåå æåºŠæ²ç·ãæããè²çŽ
ã¯ããã°ãã°ãéè€é åã®ããããã®æ³¢é·ã«ãã
ãæåºŠãåã ã®è²çŽ ã®æåºŠã®åãšã»ãŒçããçµå
ããããåœ¢ã®æ²ç·ã瀺ããåŸã€ãŠãç°ãªãæå€§æ
床ãæããè€æ°ã®è²çŽ ãçµåãããŠçšããããšã«
ãã€ãŠãåã ã®è²çŽ ã®æå€§æåºŠã®äžéã«æå€§å€ã
æããåå æåºŠæ²ç·ãåŸãããšãã§ããã è€æ°ã®åå 墿è²çŽ ãçµåãã䜿çšããããšã
ã§ããããã«ãã€ãŠè¶ 墿ãããªãã¡ãããåå
é åã«ãããŠããããã®åå 墿è²çŽ ã®äžæ¹ãå
ç¬ã§ãããªãæ¿åºŠã«ãããŠçšããå Žåããã倧ã
ãããŸããããã®åå 墿ææã®å æç广ã«ç±
æ¥ãã墿ããã倧ããªåå 墿ãéæãããã
è¶ å¢æã¯ãåå 墿è²çŽ äžŠã³ã«ä»ã®æ·»å å€ïŒäŸã
ã°å®å®å€åã³ã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€åã¯æå¶
å€ãã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°å©å€ãè¢å å¢çœå€åã³åž¯é»é²æ¢
å€ïŒã®éžã°ããçµåããã«ãã€ãŠéæããããè¶
墿ã®åå ãšãªãåŸãããã€ãã®æ©æ¢°åã³ååç©
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãããããPhotographic Science
and Engineeringã18å·»ã1974幎ã418ã430é ã
Gilmanã®âReview of the Mechanisms of
Supersensitizationâã«èšèŒãããŠããã åå 墿è²çŽ ã¯ãŸãä»ã®æ¹æ³ã§ä¹³å€ã«åœ±é¿ãäž
ããããŸããåå 墿è²çŽ ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2131038å·åã³å第3930860å·ã«é瀺ããããã
ã«ãããã²ã³å容äœåã¯é»åå容äœãã«ããªé²æ¢
å€åã¯å®å®å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€åã¯æå¶å€ãšããŠäœçš
ããã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯å¢æããã®ã«æçšãªåå å¢
æå€ã®äžã«ã¯Research Disclosureã176å·»ã
1978幎12æãé ç®177643ãç« ã«èšèŒããããã®
ãããã éå¹³æ¿ç¶åã¯äœã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³
åéç²åãå«ãä¹³å€ãåå 墿ããã®ã«åžžçšãã
ãéã®è²çŽ ãçšããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®å®å š
ãªå©ç¹ãããããããã«ãæé©éïŒããªãã¡ãã
ãåŸãé²å æ¡ä»¶äžã«ç²åããéæãåŸãæå€§åç
æåºŠã®å°ãªããšã60ïŒ ãéæããã«ååãªéïŒã®
åå 墿è²çŽ ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ã®ç²å衚é¢ã«åžçããããããšãæãŸããã䜿çš
ããè²çŽ ã®éã¯ãçšããç¹å®ã®è²çŽ ãããã¯éžã°
ããè²çŽ ã®çµåãã䞊ã³ã«ç²åã®å€§ããåã³ã¢ã¹
ãã¯ãæ¯ã«åºã¥ããŠå€ããã§ããããæé©ã®åå
墿ãã衚é¢å¢æããã²ã³åéç²åã®å©çšå¯èœãª
åèšè¡šé¢ç©ã®çŽ25ã100ïŒ ãããã¯ãã以äžã«çž
åœããååå局被èŠéã«ãããŠææ©è²çŽ ãçšãã
å Žåã«éæãããããšã¯åçæè¡åéã«ãããŠç¥
ãããŠãããããªãã¡ããã®ããšã¯äŸãã°ã
Westçã®âThe Adsorption of Sensitizing
Dyes in Photographic EmulsionsâãJournal
of Phys.ChemïŒã56å·»ã1065é ã1952幎ïŒ
Spenceçã®âDesensitization of Sensitizing
DyesâãJournal of Physical and Colloid
Chemistryã56å·»ãïŒå·ã1948å¹ŽïŒæã1090ã
1103é ïŒåã³ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3979213å·ã«èšèŒãããŠ
ãããæé©ã®è²çŽ æ¿åºŠæ°Žæºã¯Meesã®Theory of
the Photographic Processã1942幎ã
Macmillanã1067ã1069é ã«æç€ºãããŠããæ¹
æ³ã«ãã€ãŠéžå®ããããšãã§ããã åå 墿ã¯ãåŸæ¥æçšã§ãããšç¥ãããŠããä¹³
å€èª¿è£œã®ä»»æã®æ®µéã«ãããŠè¡ãªãããšãã§ã
ããæãäžè¬çã«ã¯ãåå 墿ã¯ååŠå¢æã®å®äº
ã«åŒãç¶ãè¡ãªããããããããªãããç±³åœç¹èš±
第3628960å·åã³å第4225666å·ã«æç€ºããããã
ã«ãåå 墿ã¯ååŠå¢æãšåæã«è¡ãããšãã§
ãããŸãååŠå¢æã«å šãå ç«ã€ãŠè¡ãªãããšãã§
ããæŽã«ããã²ã³åéç²åã®æ²æŸ±ã®å®äºã«å ç«ã€
ãŠéå§ããããšããã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4225666
å·ã«æããããŠããããã«ãåå 墿è²çŽ ã®äžéš
ãååŠå¢æã«å ç«ã€ãŠååšãããããããŠæ®éšã
ååŠå¢æåŸã«å°å ¥ãããããåå 墿è²çŽ ã®ä¹³å€
ãžã®å°å ¥ãåããŠè¡ãªãããšãã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±
第4225666å·ãšã¯ç°ãªã€ãŠãããã²ã³åéã®80ïŒ
ãæ²æŸ±ããåŸã«ãåå 墿è²çŽ ãä¹³å€ã«å ããã
ãšãã§ãããååŠåã³ïŒåã¯åå 墿ã®éçšã§ã
埪ç°ãå«ãpAg調ç¯ã«ãã€ãŠå¢æãé«ããããšã
ã§ãããpAg調ç¯ã®ç¹å®ã®äŸã¯Research
Disclosureã181å·»ã1979å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®18155ã«ç€º
ãããŠããã äžã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠãåå 墿å€ã¯ååŠ
墿ã«å ç«ã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã«çµã¿å ¥ããããšã
ã§ããããŸããããå Žåã«ã¯ãä»äžãæ¹è³ªå€ã®ã
ããªä»ã®åžçæ§ç©è³ªãååŠå¢æã«å ç«ã€ãŠä¹³å€äž
ã«å°å ¥ããããšã«ãã€ãŠãåæ§ãªçµæãéããã
ãã åžçæ§ç©è³ªãäºãå°å ¥ããããšãšã¯å¥ã«ãäžã§
åŒçšããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2642361å·ã«æç€ºãããŠãã
ããã«ãååŠå¢æã®éçšã§éã«å¯ŸããŠçŽïŒÃ10-3
ãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ã®æ¿åºŠã§ããªã·ã¢ããŒãã䜿çšããã®
ã奜ãŸãããååŠå¢æã®éçšã§ä»ã®çæå€ã䜿çš
ããããšãã§ããã äžã§è¿°ã¹ãäžæ¹åã¯äž¡æ¹ã®ã¢ãããŒããšçµåã
ããŠããããã¯ãããšã¯å¥åã«å®æœããããšãã§
ãã第ïŒã®ã¢ãããŒãã«ãããŠã¯ãååŠå¢æã®çŽ
ååã¯ååŠå¢æäžã«ååšããéåã³ïŒåã¯ããã²
ã³åç©å¡©ã®æ¿åºŠã調ç¯ããã®ã奜ãŸãããé ¢é ž
éãããªãã«ãªãé ¢é žéåã³ç¡é žéã®ãããªå¯æº¶
æ§éå¡©ããããªã·ã¢ã³é žéããªã³é žéãçé žéã®
ãããªç²å衚é¢äžã«æ²æŸ±ããããšãã§ããéå¡©ãš
å ±ã«ãå°å ¥ããããšãã§ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å衚é¢äž
ã«ãªã¹ãã¯ã«ãçæããããšãã§ããã埮现ãªã
ãã²ã³åéç²åïŒããªãã¡ãèåéãæ²åéå
ã³ïŒåã¯å¡©åéç²åïŒãå°å ¥ããããšãã§ããã
äŸãã°ããªãããã³ä¹³å€ãååŠå¢æã®éçšã§å°å ¥
ããããšãã§ãããæŽã«ãåå 墿ããé«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®ååŠå¢æã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åã®äžã€åã¯ãã以äžã®æå®ã®é¢ããäœçœ®ã§éæ
ããããšãã§ãããäžã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠã
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®äž»èŠé¢ã圢æããçµæ¶è¡šé¢äžã«åå
墿è²çŽ ãåªå çã«åžçããããšã«ãã€ãŠå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã®éžå®ãããçµæ¶è¡šé¢ã«ãããŠååŠå¢æãèµ·
ãããšãå¯èœã«ãªãã ãã¹ãŠã®å©ç¹ãéæããããã«å¿ ãããå¿ èŠã§
ã¯ãªãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã¯ä»£è¡šçãªå®çšç補
é æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠæé©ã«ååŠåã³åå 墿ããããã
ãªãã¡ããããã®å¢æã«ãã€ãŠãå¯èœãªäœ¿çšåã³
åŠçæ¡ä»¶äžã«å¢æã¹ãã¯ãã«é åã«ãããŠããã
ã®ç²åããéæãããæå€§logæåºŠã®å°ãªããšã
60ïŒ ã«çžåœããæåºŠãéæããããããã§logæ
床ãšã¯100ïŒïŒâlog ïŒãæå³ãããã®åŒã«ãã
ãŠïŒ¥ã¯ã«ããªäž0.3ã®æ¿åºŠã«ãããŠã¡ãŒãã«âã
ã€ã³ãã«âç§ã§è¡šç€ºããé²å éã§ãããä¹³å€å±€äž
ã®ããã²ã³åéç²åãäžæŠç¹åŸŽã¥ãããªãã°ãã
ãçæç©ã®ä¹³å€å±€ãä»ã®è£œé è ã®å¹æµãåŸãåå
ã«é¢ããŠæé©ã«ååŠåã³åå 墿ãããŠãããåŠ
ãã¯æŽã«è£œååæåã³æ§èœè©äŸ¡ãè¡ãããšã«ãã
倿ããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®é®®éæ§ã®å©ç¹ã
éæããããã«ã¯ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãååŠçå
ã¯åå çã«å¹ççåã¯éå¹ççã«å¢æããããã
éèŠã§ã¯ãªãã äžè¿°ã®ããã«ãäžæŠé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åä¹³å€ãæ²æŸ±çææ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠçæããããæŽæµ
ãã墿ãããªãã°ãåžžçšãããåççšæ·»å å€ã
é åããããšã«ãããããã®èª¿è£œãå®äºããããš
ãã§ããããããŠããããã¯éåãçæãã¹ãå
çå¿çšåéãäŸãã°ãéåžžã®é»çœåçã«å¿çšãã
ããšãã§ããã ããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ãçšããŠéåã圢æããã
ãåçèŠçŽ ã¯ãåŠçã®éã«è¿œå ã®ç¡¬èå€ãé åã
ãå¿ èŠããªãçšåºŠã«åå硬èåããããšãã§ã
ãããã®ç¡¬èåã«ãã€ãŠãåæ§ã«ç¡¬èåããã€åŠ
çãããéå¹³æ¿ç¶åã¯é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã§ãªãå¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãçšããåçèŠçŽ ãšæ¯èŒããŠé被èŠå
ãå¢å€§ããããšãã§ãããç¹ã«ãé»çœåçèŠçŽ ã®
é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€åã³ãã®ä»ã®èŠª
æ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ãããããã®å±€ã®èšæœ€åºŠã200ïŒ
æªæºã«äœæžããã«ååãªçšåºŠç¡¬èåããããšãã§
ãããããã§ãèšæœ€åºŠïŒ ã¯ã(a)åçèŠçŽ ã38âå
ã³çžå¯Ÿæ¹¿åºŠ50ïŒ ã«ãããŠïŒæ¥éã€ã³ããŠããŒã
ãã(b)å±€ã®åããæž¬å®ãã(c)åçèŠçŽ ã21âã®èž
çæ°Žäžã«ïŒåéæµžæŒ¬ããæ¬¡ãã§(d)å±€ã®åãã®å€å
ãæž¬å®ããããšã«ããæ±ãããããéåã圢æã
ãããåçèŠçŽ ãåŠçæ¶²äžã«ç¡¬èå€ãé åããå¿
èŠããªãçšåºŠã«ç¡¬èåããããšã¯ç¹ã«æãŸããã
ãã©ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã®ç¡¬èåã®çšåºŠã¯åžžçš
ãããä»»æã®æ°Žæºã§ãã€ãŠãããæŽã«ãåŠçæ¶²äž
ã«ç¡¬èå€ãé åããããšãå¯èœã§ããããã®ããš
ã¯ãç¹ã«ã©ãžãªã°ã©ãã€ãŒææã®åŠçã«é¢ããŠã§
ã¯ããããäŸãã°Research Disclosureã184å·»ã
1979å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®18431ãé ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æçšãªä»£è¡šçé å硬èå€ïŒå硬èå€ïŒã¯
Research Disclosureã176å·»ã1978幎12æãé
ç®17643ãç« ã«èšèŒãããŠãããResearch
Disclosurïœ ã176å·»ã1978幎12æãã¢ã€ãã
17643ãç« ã«èšèŒãããããã«ãå®å®å€ãã«ã
ãªé²æ¢å€ããã³ã¯é²æ¢å€ãæœåå®å®å€åã³åæ§ãª
æ·»å å€ãå¡åžåã«ä¹³å€åã³é£æ¥å±€ã«æ··å ¥ããããš
ã«ããããã¬åä¹³å€è¢«èã«ãããæå°æ¿åºŠïŒå³ã¡
ã«ããªïŒãå¢å€§ããåã¯çŽæ¥ããžåä¹³å€è¢«èã«ã
ããæå°æ¿åºŠãå¢å€§ãããããã¯æå€§æ¿åºŠãäœæž
ããããäžå®å®æ§ããè§£æŸããããšãã§ãããC.
E.K.MeesãThe Theory of the Photographic
Processã第ïŒçãMacmillanã1954幎ã677ã
680é ã«èšèŒãããããã«ãä¹³å€ã«æå¹ãªã«ããª
鲿¢å€ã®å€ãã¯ãŸãçŸåå€ã«é åããããšãã§
ãããŸãïŒãïŒã®äžè¬çãªèŠåºãã®ããšã«åé¡ã
ãããšãã§ããã ã¢ã«ãããåã®ç¡¬èå€ã䜿çšããå Žåã«ã¯ãä¹³
å€å±€ã¯äžè¬çãªã«ããªé²æ¢å€ã§ä¿è·ããããšãã§
ããã 墿å€ã硬èå€ã䞊ã³ã«ã«ããªé²æ¢å€åã³å®å®
å€ã®ä»ã«çš®ã ã®ä»ã®åžžçšãããåççšæ·»å å€ãå
åšãããããšãã§ããã䜿çšããæ·»å å€ã®å ·äœç
ãªéžå®ã¯åçå©çšåéã«ãããç¹æ§ã«äŸåããåœ
æ¥è ãªãã°å®¹æã«è¡ãããšãã§ãããçš®ã ã®æçš
ãªæ·»å å€ã¯ãResearch Disclosureã176å·»ã
1978幎12æãé ç®17643ã«èšèŒãããŠãããåã
æç®ã®é ç®17643ãç« ã«èšèŒãããããã«è¢å
å¢çœå€ãé åããããšãã§ããããŸããåãæç®
ã®ç« ã«èšèŒãããããã«ãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€å
ã³åçèŠçŽ ã®å¥ã ã®å±€äžã«åžåæ§åã³æ£ä¹±æ§ç©è³ª
ãçšããããšãã§ããããŸããXIç« ã«èšèŒããã
ããã«ãã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°å©å€ãããããŠXIIç« ã«èšèŒ
ãããããã«ãå¯å¡å€åã³æ»å€ãååšãããããš
ãã§ãããç« ã«èšèŒãããããã«åž¯é»é²æ¢å±€
ãååšãããããšãã§ãããæ·»å ç©ã®æ·»å æ¹æ³ã¯
ç« ã«èšèŒãããŠãããç« ã«èšèŒãããã
ãã«è¶æ¶å€ãé åããããšãã§ãããææãªã
ã°ãç« åã³XIã«èšèŒãããããã«çŸåå€å
ã³çŸåæ¹è³ªå€ãé åããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã«
ä¿ãä¹³å€ãå«ãåçèŠçŽ ãã©ãžãªã°ã©ãã€ãŒåé
ã§å©çšããå Žåã«ã¯ãã©ãžãªã°ã©ãã€ãŒèŠçŽ ã®ä¹³
å€å±€åã³ãã®ä»ã®å±€ãäžã«åŒçšããResearch
Disclosureã®é ç®18431ã«å ·äœçã«èšèŒãããŠã
ãä»»æã®åœ¢æ ãšããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ã
ä¹³å€äžŠã³ã«åçèŠçŽ äžã«ä»ã®åžžçšãããããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€å±€ãäžéå±€ããªãŒããŒã³ãŒãåã³äžå¡å±€
ãååšãããå Žåã«ã¯ããããã¯Research
Disclosureã176å·»ã1978幎12æãé ç®17643ã
ç« ã«èšèŒãããŠããããã«è¢«èŠãã也ç¥ããã
ãšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ã¯ãåœæ¥è éã«ç¢ºç«ãããæ £è¡ã«åŸã€ãŠãçžäºã«
åã¯åžžçšãããä¹³å€ãšãã¬ã³ãããããšã«ãã€ãŠ
ç¹å®ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã«èŠæ±ãããç¹æ§ãæºè¶³ãããããš
ãã§ãããäŸãã°ãè€æ°ã®ä¹³å€ããã¬ã³ãããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠãæå®ç®çãæºè¶³ããããã«åçèŠçŽ
ã®ç¹æ§æ²ç·ã調ç¯ããããšãã§ããããã¬ã³ãã«
ãã€ãŠãé²å åã³åŠçã«ãã€ãŠéæãããæå€§æ¿
床ãå¢å€§ããåã¯äœæžããæå°æ¿åºŠãäœæžããå
ã¯å¢å€§ãããã€ç¹æ§æ²ç·ã®åœ¢ç¶ãã€ãŸå éšãšè©éš
ã®éã§èª¿ç¯ããããšãã§ããããã®ããã«æ¬çºæ
ã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãäžèšResearch Disclosureã176å·»ã
1978幎12æãé ç®17643ãç« ã«èšèŒããããã
ãªåžžçšãããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãšãã¬ã³ãããã
ãšãã§ããã åçèŠçŽ ã¯æãåçŽãªåœ¢æ ã§ã¯æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãå«ãåäžããã²
ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãšåçæ¯æäœãå«ãããã¡ãããïŒ
以äžã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€äžŠã³ã«ãªãŒããŒã³ãŒ
ããäžå¡å±€åã³äžéå±€ãå«ãŸããããšãã§ããã
äžè¿°ã®ããã«ä¹³å€ããã¬ã³ãããããšã«ä»£ããŠã
ã¬ã³ããã¹ãä¹³å€ãããããå¥ã®å±€ãšããŠè¢«èŠã
ãããšã«ãã€ãŠåæ§ãªå¹æãéæããããšãã§ã
ããä¹³å€å±€ãå¥ã ã«è¢«èŠããŠé²å 蚱容ç¯å²ãåŸã
ããšã¯åçæè¡åéã«ãããŠåšç¥ã§ãã€ãŠã
Zelikmanåã³LeviãMaking and Coatingã
Photographic EmulsionsãFocal Pressã1964
幎ã234ã238é ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3663228å·äžŠã³ã«è±
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬923045å·ã«èšèŒãããŠãããæŽã«ã髿
床åã³äœæåºŠã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãããã¬ã³ãã§
ã¯ãªããå¥ã ã®å±€ã«è¢«èŠããããšã«ãã€ãŠåçæ
床ãå¢å€§ãããåŸãããšãåçæè¡åéã«ãããŠ
åšç¥ã§ãããéåžžé«æåºŠä¹³å€å±€ã¯äœæåºŠä¹³å€å±€ã
ããé²å æºã«è¿ãäœçœ®ã«è¢«èŠããããã®ã¢ãããŒ
ãã¯ïŒåã¯ãã以äžç©å±€ããä¹³å€å±€ã®èª¿è£œã«å¿çš
ããããšãã§ããããã®ãããªå±€æ§æã¯æ¬çºæã®
宿œã«ãããŠãå©çšå¯èœã§ããã åçèŠçŽ ã®å±€ã¯çš®ã ã®æ¯æäœäžã«è¢«èŠããããš
ãã§ããã代衚çãªåçæ¯æäœã«ã¯éåäœãã€ã«
ã ãæšæç¹ç¶ïŒäŸãã°çŽïŒãéå±ã·ãŒãåã³ããª
ã€ã«ãã¬ã©ã¹åã³ã»ã©ããã¯æ¯æäœèŠçŽ ãããã
ãããã®æ¯æäœã¯ãã®è¡šé¢ã®æ¥çæ§ã垯é»é²æ¢
æ§ã寞æ³å®å®æ§ãèæ©èæ§ã硬ããæ©æŠç¹æ§ãã
ã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢æ§åã³ïŒåã¯ãã®ä»ã®ç¹æ§ãåäž
ããããã«ïŒåã¯ãã以äžã®äžå¡å±€ãæããããš
ãã§ããããããã®æ¯æäœã¯åœæ¥çã«ãããŠåšç¥
ã§ãã€ãŠãäŸãã°Research Disclosureã176å·»ã
1978幎12æãé ç®17643ãç« ã«èšèŒãããŠã
ãã åæ°åã¯è€æ°ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã¯é垞察åããå¹³ããªäž»
èŠè¡šé¢ãæããæ¯æäœäžã«é£ç¶å±€ãšããŠè¢«èŠãã
ãããå¿ ãããããã§ãªããšããããä¹³å€å±€ã¯å¹³
ããªæ¯æäœè¡šé¢äžã«è€æ°ã®æšªæ¹åã«å€äœããå±€ã»
ã°ã¡ã³ããšããŠè¢«èŠããããšãã§ãããåæ°åã¯
è€æ°ã®ä¹³å€å±€ãã»ã°ã¡ã³ããšããå ŽåãåŸ®åæ§
ïŒmicrocellularïŒæ¯æäœãçšããããšãæãŸã
ããæçšãªåŸ®åæ§æ¯æäœã¯PCTå ¬éåºé¡ç¬¬
W080ïŒ01641ïŒ1980å¹ŽïŒæïŒæ¥å ¬éïŒ1980å¹ŽïŒæ
ïŒæ¥ã®ãã«ã®ãŒç¹èš±ç¬¬881513å·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ïŒåã³ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±ç¬¬4307165å·ã«é瀺ãããŠããã埮现åã®å€§
ããã¯å¹ ïŒã200ÎŒïœãæ·±ã1000ÎŒïœä»¥äžãšããã
ãšãã§ãããäžè¬ã«ãéåžžã®é»çœåçåéãç¹ã«
åçåãåŒäŒžã°ãå Žåã«ã¯ã埮现åã®å€§ããã¯å¹
å°ãªããšã4ÎŒïœãæã200ÎŒïœæªæºã奜ãŸããã
æè¯ã®å€§ããã¯å¹ åã³æ·±ãããããçŽ10ã100ÎŒ
ïœã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãçšããåçèŠçŽ ã¯åžžçšãã
ãä»»æã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠåç¶ã«é²å ããããšãã§ã
ããããã«ã€ããŠã¯äžèšResearch Disclosureã
é ç®17643ãç« ãåç §ãããããæ¬çºæã¯ã
ååšããåå 墿å€ãæå€§åžåã瀺ãã¹ãã¯ãã«
é åã«ãããŠé»ç£ç·ãçšããŠåç¶é²å ãè¡ãå Žå
ã«ç¹ã«æçšã§ãããåçèŠçŽ ã«éè²ãç·è²ãèµ€è²
åã¯èµ€å€é²å ãèšé²ããå Žåã¯ãéè²ãç·è²ãèµ€
è²åã¯ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®èµ€å€éšåã«åžåãããåå å¢
æå€ãååšãããããé»çœå€ã®åéã§ã¯åçèŠçŽ
ããªã«ãœã¯ããããã¯åã¯ãã³ã¯ããããã¯ã«å¢
æããããŠå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«å ã«ãããæåºŠãå»¶ã°
ãããšãæãŸãããã¬ãŒã¶ãŒã«ãã€ãŠçæããã
é²å ã«çšããããæŸå°ç·ã¯éå¹²æžæ§ïŒã©ã³ãã
çžïŒåã¯å¹²æžæ§ïŒã€ã³ã»ããšã€ãºïŒã®ãããã§ã
ã€ãŠããããé«ãããã¯äœåŒ·åºŠé²å ã鿬 çãã
ãã¯é£ç¶çé²å ãæ°åããããªç§ããã€ã¯ãç§ãš
ããæ¯èŒççãæéã«äºãé²å æéåã³ãœãŒã©ãª
ãŒãŒã·ãšã³é²å ãå«ããåžžæž©ã髿ž©ãããã¯äœæž©
åã³ïŒåã¯åžžå§ãé«å§ãããã¯äœå§ã«ãããåé²
å ã®ãããããT.H.Jamesã®The Theory of
the Photographic Processã第ïŒçã
Macmillanã1977幎ã第ïŒãïŒã17ã18åã³23
ç« ã«èšèŒãããããã«ãåžžçšãããã»ã³ã·ãã¡ã
ãªãŒææ³ã«ããæ±ºå®ãããæçšãªæå¿ç¯å²å ã«ã
ããŠçšããããšãã§ããã åçèŠçŽ ã«å«ãŸããæå æ§ããã²ã³åéã¯ãé²
å ã«åŒç¶ããŠãã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§åªäœåã¯åçèŠçŽ äžã«
å«ãŸããçŸåå€ã®ååšäžã«ããã²ã³åéãæ°Žæ§ã¢
ã«ã«ãªåªäœãšçµåãããããšã«ãã€ãŠåžžæ³ã«åŸã€
ãŠåŠçããå¯èŠåã圢æããããšãã§ããã åçèŠçŽ äžã«äžæŠéåã圢æããããåŸãæªçŸ
åã®ããã²ã³åéãå®çããã®ãæ®éã®æ¹æ³ã§ã
ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³
å€ã¯ç¹ã«ããçæéã«å®çãå®äºå¯èœãšããç¹ã§
æå©ã§ãããããã«ãã€ãŠå éãããåŠçãå¯èœ
ãšãªãã éåãçæããããã®äžè¿°ã®åçèŠçŽ åã³ææ³
ã¯è²çŽ ãçšããŠã«ã©ãŒåãçæããã®ã«å®¹æã«é©
çšããããšãã§ãããããããææ å¯èœãªã«ã©ãŒ
åãåŸãæãç°¡æãªææ³ã«ãããŠã¯ãåžžçšããã
è²çŽ ãåçèŠçŽ ã®æ¯æäœäžã«æ··å ¥ããããšãã§
ãããããŠäžè¿°ã®åŠãéåã®åœ¢æãè¡ãããšãã§
ãããéåã圢æãããé åã«ãããŠã¯åçèŠçŽ
ã¯å®è³ªçã«å ééæ§ã§ãªããªãããã®ä»ã®é åã§
ã¯æ¯æäœã®è²ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠå ãééããããã®ãã
ã«ããŠã«ã©ãŒåã容æã«åœ¢æããåŸãããããšå
äžå¹æã¯ãŸããå¥ã®è²çŽ ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€åã¯è²çŽ ã
ã€ã«ã¿ãŒèŠçŽ ãšéææ¯æäœèŠçŽ ãæããèŠçŽ ãšã
çšããããšã«ãã€ãŠéæããããšãã§ããã ããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã¯è²çŽ ã®éžæçç Žå£åã¯
圢æã«ãã€ãŠè²çŽ åã圢æããã®ã«çšããããšã
ã§ãããäžè¿°ã®éåã圢æããããã®åçèŠçŽ
ã¯ãResearch Disclosureã176å·»ã1978幎12æã
é ç®17643ãé ãé ã«èšèŒãããããã«ã«
ã©ãŒã«ãã©ãŒã®ãããªè²çŽ å圢æå€ã嫿ããçŸ
åå€ãçšããããšã«ãã€ãŠè²çŽ åã圢æããã®ã«
çšããããšãã§ããããã®ãããªåœ¢æ ã«ãããŠã
çŸåå€ã¯ãé žåããã圢æ ã«ãããŠã«ãã©ãŒãšå
å¿ïŒã«ããªã³ã°ïŒããŠè²çŽ åã圢æãåŸãã«ã©ãŒ
çŸåå€ïŒäŸãã°ãè³éŠæç¬¬ïŒã¢ãã³ïŒãå«ãã è²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯åžžæ³ã«åŸã€ãŠåçèŠçŽ äž
ã«æ··å ¥ããããšãã§ãããè²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯
ç°ãªãåç广ãéæããããã«ç°ãªãéã§æ··å ¥
ããããšãã§ãããäŸãã°ãè±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬923045å·
åã³è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3843369å·ã¯ãé被èŠéã«é¢ãã«
ãã©ãŒã®æ¿åºŠã¯é«æåºŠåã³äžéæåºŠä¹³å€å±€ã«éåžž
çšããããéããäœãå¶éããããšãæç€ºããŠã
ãã é åããè²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯ãéåžžãæžæ³æ··
è²åè²ïŒããªãã¡ãé»ãããŒã³ã¿åã³ã·ã¢ã³ïŒå
è²çŽ ã圢æããããã«éžã°ãããããã®ã«ãã©ãŒ
ã¯éæ¡æ£ç¡è²ã«ãã©ãŒã§ãããç¹å®ã®åçå¿çšå
éã§æãŸãã广ãéæããããã«åäžåã¯è€æ°
ã®å¥ã ã®å±€ã«ãããåå¿é床ãçžéããè²çŽ åœ¢æ
æ§ã«ãã©ãŒãçšããããšãã§ããã è²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯ãã«ããªã³ã°ã«ãã€ãŠã
çŸåæå¶å€ãããã¯ä¿é²å€ãæŒçœä¿é²å€ãçŸå
å€ãããã²ã³åéæº¶å€ããããŒã硬èå€ãã«ããª
å€ãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãç«¶äºã«ãã©ãŒãååŠåã¯åå
墿å€åã³æžæå€ã®ãããªåççã«æçšãªãã©ã°
ã¡ã³ããæŸåºãããçŸåæå¶å€æŸåºæ§ïŒDIRïŒã«
ãã©ãŒã¯åçåéã«ãããŠåšç¥ã§ããããããã¯
ã«ããªã³ã°æã«çš®ã ã®åççã«æçšãªåºãæŸåºã
ãéè²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ååç©åã³è²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã§
ãããé žåããã«ã©ãŒçŸåå€ãšåå¿ããéè²çŽ ã
圢æããªãDIRååç©ãçšããããšãã§ããããª
ãããã³ä¹³å€ã®ããã«æ¯èŒçæå æ§ã«ä¹ãããã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯çŸåæå¶å€ãã©ã°ã¡ã³ãã®ç§»è¡ã
黿¢åã¯æå¶ããããã«äžéå±€åã³ãªãŒããŒã³ãŒ
ãå±€ãšããŠå©çšããã åçèŠçŽ ã«ã¯ããã¬ã«ã©ãŒåçšç©å±€ãã¹ã¯ã圢
æããã®ã«çšããããçè²è²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã®
ãããªçè²ããè²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒåã³ïŒåã¯ç«¶
äºã«ãã©ãŒãæ··å ¥ããããšãã§ããã åçèŠçŽ ã«ã¯æŽã«åžžçšãããåè²çŽ å®å®å€ãé
åããããšãã§ããããããã¯ãã¹ãŠResearch
Disclosureã176å·»ã1978幎12æãé ç®17643ã
ç« ã«èšèŒãããŠããã è²çŽ ååœ¢ææ§éå å€ã«çµåãããŠãäžæŽ»æ§éç§»
éå±ã€ãªã³é¯äœã®åœ¢æ ãæããé žåå€ãåã³ïŒå
ã¯éé žåç©é žåå€ãçšããæ¹æ³ãæ¡çšããããšã«
ãã€ãŠè²çŽ åã圢æãåã¯å¢å¹ ããããšãã§ã
ããè²çŽ èŠçŽ ã¯ãã®ãããªæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠè²çŽ åã
圢æããã®ã«ç¹ã«é©åããã éâè²çŽ âæŒçœæ³ã®ãããªè²çŽ åã¯è²çŽ åé§ç©
質ã®éžæçç Žå£ã«ãã€ãŠåçèŠçŽ ã«è²çŽ åã圢æ
ããããšãã§ããã æŒçœã«ãã€ãŠçŸåããéãé€å»ããã®ã¯ããã²
ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã«è²çŽ åã圢æããéã«è¡ãããŠ
ããæ®éã®æ £è¡ã§ããããã®ãããªéã®é€å»ã¯åŠ
çæº¶æ¶²åã¯åçèŠçŽ ã®ããå±€ã«æŒçœä¿é²å€åã¯ã
ã®åé§ç©è³ªãæ··å ¥ããããšã«ããä¿é²ããããšã
ã§ãããããå Žåã«ã¯ãç¹ã«äžè¿°ã®ããã«è²çŽ å
ãå¢å¹ ããæã¯ãçŸåã«ãã圢æãããéã®éã¯
çæããè²çŽ ã®éãšæ¯èŒããŠå°ãããåŸã€ãŠãå®
質çã«ç®ã«èŠãã圱é¿ãçããããšãªããéæŒçœ
ãçç¥ããããæŽã«ä»ã®å¿çšã«ãããŠã¯ãéåã
ä¿æããããããŠè²çŽ åã¯ãã®éåã«ããæäŸã
ããæ¿åºŠãé«ãåã¯è£ãããã«æŽ»çšããããéå
ã®æ¿åºŠãè²çŽ ã§é«ããå Žåã«ã¯ãäžæ§ã®åäžè²çŽ
åã¯å šäœãšããŠäžæ§åãçæãåŸãè€æ°ã®è²çŽ ã®
çµåãããçšããããšãéåžžæãŸããã æ¬çºæã¯å€è²åçç»åãçæããã®ã«äœ¿çšãã
ããšãã§ãããäžè¬ã«ãå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ããã²
ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãå«ãåžžçšã®å€è²ç»åèŠçŽ ã¯ããã
ã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãå
ã«å ãããåã¯è©²å¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€ã§çœ®ãæããããšã«
ãã€ãŠæ¹è¯ããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã¯å è²å€è²
ååã³æžè²å€è²åã®ãããã«ãå®å šã«é©çšããã
ãšãã§ããã æ¬çºæãå è²æ··åå€è²ç»åãžé©çšããããšã瀺
ãããã«ãäžéã«ä»åšããéè²ãç·è²åã³èµ€è²ã
ã€ã«ã¿ãŒèŠçŽ ãå«ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒåããé åãçæ
ããããšãã§ããåçèŠçŽ ãšçµåããŠäœ¿çšããã
ãšãã§ããããã³ã¯ããããã¯ã«å¢æãããã€å
çèŠçŽ ã®äžå±€ãæ§æãããããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹
ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯ãå ããåè²ãã€ã«
ã¿ãŒåãéããŠåç¶é²å ããããåŠçã«ãã€ãŠé
åãçæããããåŸãåèšãã€ã«ã¿ãŒåãéããŠ
çºãããšãå€è²ã«ã©ãŒç»åãèªããããããã®ç»
åã¯ææ ã«ãã€ãŠæè¯ã«çºãããããåŸã€ãŠåç
èŠçŽ åã³ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒåã®äž¡è ãäž¡æ¹ãšããããã¯
å ±éã®éæãªæ¯æäœãæããã æžè²æ··ååè²ç»åè²çŽ ã®çµåãã«ãã€ãŠå€è²ç»
åãçæããå€è²åçèŠçŽ ã«æ¬çºæãé©çšããå Ž
åã«ãéèŠãªå©ç¹ãåŸãããããã®ãããªåçèŠ
çŽ ã¯ãæ¯æäœåã³å žåçã«ã¯å°ãªããšãããªã¢ã
ã®ç©å±€ããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãããªãã¡éè²ã
ç·è²åã³èµ€è²é²å ãããããé»è²ãããŒã³ã¿åã³
ã·ã¢ã³è²çŽ ç»åãšããŠå¥ã ã«èšé²ããå±€ããæ
ãã åè¿°ã®ããã«ãå¯äžã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶
å¡©åéä¹³å€ãå¿ èŠãšãããããå€è²åçèŠçŽ ã¯ã
ãããéè²ãç·è²åã³èµ€è²å ãèšé²ããå°ãªããš
ãäžã€ã®å¥ã ã®ä¹³å€ãå«ããå¿ èŠãšãããé«ã¢ã¹
ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ç·è²åã¯èµ€è²èšé²çšä¹³å€
以å€ã®ä¹³å€ã¯åŸæ¥ããäžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããŠããä»»
æã®åœ¢æ ã®ããšããããšãã§ãããæ§ã ãªäžè¬ç
ãªä¹³å€ã¯Research Disclosureãé ç®17643ã
ç« ã«ç€ºãããŠãããäºå±€ä»¥äžã®ä¹³å€å±€ãã¹ãã¯ã
ã«ã®éè²ãç·è²åã³ïŒåã¯èµ€è²éšåã«ãããŠèšé²
ããããã«äŸãããŠããå Žåã«ã¯ãå°ãªããšãæ
床ã®é«ãä¹³å€å±€ãåè¿°ã®ããã«é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãå«ãã®ã奜ãŸããããã¡ããã
åçèŠçŽ ã®éè²ãç·è²åã³èµ€è²èšé²çšä¹³å€ã®ãã¹
ãŠããææãªããããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ãšããã®ã奜é©ã§ããããšã¯èšããŸã§ããªãã å€è²åçèŠçŽ ã¯ãã°ãã°ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãã
ããšåŒã°ããŠãããæãäžè¬çãªå€è²åçèŠçŽ ã¯
äžã€ã®ç©å±€ããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠããããå«ãã
ãããã®å±€ãŠãããã¯ããããç°ãªã€ãäžã€ã®ã¹
ãã¯ãã«ã«é²å èšé²ããããšãã§ããã€è£è²æžè²
æ··ååè²è²çŽ ç»åãçæããããšãã§ããå°ãªã
ãšãäžã€ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãå«ããããªã
ã¡ãéè²ãç·è²åã³èµ€è²èšé²çšã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠ
ãããã䜿çšããŠããããããé»è²ãããŒã³ã¿å
ã³ã·ã¢ã³è²çŽ ç»åãçæãããè²çŽ ç»å圢æç©è³ª
ã¯åã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã«ååšããå¿ èŠã¯ãª
ããåŠç溶液ããå®å šã«äŸçµŠããããã«ããããš
ãã§ãããè²çŽ ç»å圢æç©è³ªãåçèŠçŽ ã«çµå ¥ã
ãå Žåã«ã¯ããããã¯ä¹³å€å±€ã«äœçœ®ãããããšã
ã§ãããããã¯åäžã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã®
飿¥ä¹³å€å±€ããã®é žåãããçŸåå€åã¯é»åç§»å
å€ãåãå ¥ããããã«é 眮ãããå±€ã«äœçœ®ããã
ãšãã§ããã è²ã®åè§£ã䌎ããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããéã®
é žåãããçŸåå€åã¯é»åç§»åå€ã®æ³³åã鲿¢ã
ãããã«ãã¹ã«ãã³ãžã€ãŒã䜿çšããã®ãäžè¬ç
ãªæ £è¡ã§ãããã¹ã«ãã³ãžã€ãŒã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2937086å·ã«æç€ºãããŠããããã«ãä¹³å€å±€èªèº«
ã«äœçœ®ãããããšãã§ãããããŠïŒãããã¯ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±ç¬¬2336327å·ã«ç€ºãããããã«ã飿¥ããã«
ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããéã®äžéå±€ãšããŠäœçœ®ãã
ãããšãã§ããã åã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã¯åäžã®ä¹³å€å±€ãå«
ãããšãã§ããããåçæåºŠã®ç°ãªãïŒãïŒãå
ã¯ãã以äžã®ä¹³å€å±€ããã°ãã°åäžã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢æ
æ§å±€ãŠãããã«çµã¿å ¥ããããšãã§ãããææã®
å±€é åé ãæåºŠã®ç°ãªãå€ä¹³å€å±€ãåäžã®ã«ã©ãŒ
åœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã«å«ãŸããããšãèš±ããªãå Žå
ã«ã¯ã倿°ïŒéåžžïŒåã¯ïŒïŒã®éè²ãç·è²åã³ïŒ
åã¯èµ€è²èšé²çšã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠããããåäžã®
åçèŠçŽ ã«å«ãŸããã®ãäžè¬çãªæ £è¡ã§ããã å€å±€åçèŠçŽ ã¯äžã«ææããèŠä»¶ãšåèŽããä»»
æã®å¥œéœåã®åœ¢æ ããšãããšãã§ããã
Gorokhovskiiã®Spectral Studies of the
Photographic ProcessãFocal PressãããŠãŒãš
ãŒã¯ã«é瀺ãããŠãã第211é ã®è¡š27aã®å çš®é¡
ã®å¯èœãªå±€é åã®ä»»æã®ãã®ã䜿çšããããšãã§
ãããç¹å®ã®ç°¡åãªäŸã補é ããããã«ãã¹ãã¯
ãã«ã®ãã€ãã¹ééšåã«å¢æãããã€æ®ãã®ä¹³å€
å±€ã«å ç«ã€ãŠé²å ç §å°ãåããããã«äœçœ®ãã
ããäžã€ãããã¯ãã以äžã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ããäžè¬çãªå€è²ããã²ã³åéå
çèŠçŽ ã«ããã®è£œé ã®éçšã«ãããŠãå ããããš
ãã§ãããããããªããæãæ®éã®å Žåã«ã¯ãäž
ã€ãããã¯ãã以äžã®ãã€ãã¹éèšé²çšé«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ããäžè¬çãªãã€ãã¹
éèšé²çšä¹³å€å±€ãå Žåã«ãã€ãŠã¯å±€é åé åºã®å€
æŽãšçµåããŠã眮ãæããã®ã奜ãŸããã 幟ã€ãã®å±€é åã以äžã«ç€ºã奜ãŸããäŸç€ºåœ¢æ
ã«ãã€ãŠäžå±€æç¢ºã«ããã ã衚ã ã衚ã ã衚ã ïŒåŒäžãïŒïŒ§ãåã³ïŒ²ã¯ãããããä»»æã®äžè¬
çãªã¿ã€ãã®éè²ãç·è²åã³èµ€è²èšé²ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢æ
æ§å±€ãŠãããã瀺ãã åèšã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããïŒïŒ§ãåã¯ïŒ²ã®
åã«äœçœ®ããã¯ãäžã«è©³çްã«èª¬æããé«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéç²åä¹³å€ãå«ãåæ°åã¯è€
æ°ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã瀺ãã ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããïŒïŒ§ãåã¯ïŒ²ã®åã«
äœçœ®ããã¯åãå±€é åé ã«ãããŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®
åã1/3ã®å é²å ãèšé²ããå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ä»
ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã®åçæåºŠããéãå
çæåºŠã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã瀺ãã ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããïŒïŒ§ãåã¯ïŒ²ã®åã«
äœçœ®ããã¯åãå±€é åé ã«ãããã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®
åäžã®1/3ã®å é²å ãèšé²ããå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®
ä»ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã®åçæåºŠãããé
ãåçæåºŠãæããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã瀺
ãããã㊠ILã¯ã¹ã«ãã³ãžã€ãŒãå«ãäžéå±€ã§ãã€ãŠé»
è²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒç©è³ªãå®è³ªäžå«ãŸãªãäžéå±€ã瀺
ããåæåºŠã®éãåã¯é ãã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãã
ãã¯ãã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®åã1/3ã«ãããå é²å ãèš
é²ããå¥ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠããããšããã®å±€é
åé ã«ãããäœçœ®ããã®åºæã®æåºŠç¹æ§ãåã¯ã
ããã®çµåãã®çµæãšããŠãåçæåºŠã®ç¹ã«ãã
ãŠç°ãªãããšãã§ãããïŒ åèšå±€é åé ãã«ãããŠã¯ãæ¯æäœã®é 眮
ã¯ç€ºããŠããªããäžè¬çãªæ £è¡ã«åŸã€ãŠãæ¯æäœ
ã¯é²å ç §å°æºãã倧æµã®å Žåã«æãé¢ããæã«äœ
眮ããããããªãã¡ãäžè¬ã«ã¯ãã®å±€ã®äžçªäžåŽ
ã«äœçœ®ãããæ¯æäœãç¡è²ã§æ£ééæ§ãããªãã¡
éæã§ããå Žåã«ã¯ãæ¯æäœã¯é²å æºãšå³ã«ç€ºã
ãå±€ã®éã«äœçœ®ãããããšãã§ãããæŽã«äžè¬ç
ã«èšãã°ãæ¯æäœã¯ãé²å æºãšãæ¯æäœãééã
ãå ãèšé²ããããšããä»»æã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠ
ããããšã®éã«äœçœ®ãããããšãã§ããã æžè²æ··ååè²è²çŽ ã®çµåããããªãå€è²åã圢
æããããšããåçä¹³å€ã¯äžè¬ã«ã¯è²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«
ãã©ãŒã®ãããªè²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ç©è³ªãé åããŠå«ãè€
æ°ã®ç©å±€ããå±€ã®åœ¢ããšããããã®ããšã¯æ±ºããŠ
å¿ èŠã§ã¯ãªããäžè¬ã«ãã±ãããšåŒã°ãããå¯èŠ
ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®1/3ã®å ãèšé²ããããã²ã³åéä¹³
å€åã³è£è²æžæ³æ··è²åè²è²çŽ ã圢æããããšãã§
ããã«ãã©ãŒãšãå«ãäžã€ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§æå
ã¯ãåçèŠçŽ ã®åäžã®å±€ã«äžç·ã«é 眮ããŠå€è²ç»
åãçæããããšãã§ãããæ··åãã±ããå€è²å
çèŠçŽ ã®äŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2698794å·åã³å第
2843489å·ã«é瀺ãããŠããã ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²
ã³åéç²åã¯ãéå¹³æ¿ç¶ã§äœã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã«æ¯èŒããŠãé«è§åºŠå ã®æ£ä¹±ãæžå°ã
ããããšãã§ããã®ã§æå©ã§ããããã®ããšã¯å®
éçã«ç€ºãããšãã§ããã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãããã«ã
ããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ïŒã®ãµã³ãã«ã¯éæãªïŒæ£é
éæ§ïŒæ¯æäœïŒã®äžã«1.08ïœïŒm2ã®è¢«èŠéã§è¢«èŠ
ããããå³ã«ã¯ç€ºããŠããªããããã®ä¹³å€åã³æ¯
æäœã¯ãæ¯æäœåã³ä¹³å€ã®è¡šé¢ã§ã®ãã¬ãã«åå°
ãæå°ã«ããããã«å®è³ªäžé©åãã屿çãæã
ãæ¶²äœäžã«æµžæŒ¬ããã®ã奜ãŸãããä¹³å€ã®è¢«èŠã¯
å¹³è¡å æºïŒã«ãã€ãŠæ¯æäœè¡šé¢ã«åçŽã«é²å ãã
ããå 軞ã圢æãããããã·ãŠç·ïŒã«ãã€ãŠç€ºã
ããå è·¯ã«åŸã€ãå æºããã®å ã¯ãç¹ïŒ¡ã§ä¹³å€è¢«
èŠã«ããããæ¯æäœåã³ä¹³å€ãééããå ã¯ä¹³å€
ããäžå®ã®è·é¢ã®ååç¶ã®æ€ç¥è¡šé¢ïŒã«ãããŠæ€
ç¥ããããšãã§ãããæåã®å è·¯ã®å»¶é·ãšæ€ç¥è¡š
é¢ãšã®äº€å·®ç¹ïŒ¢ã§ãæå€§åŒ·åºŠæ°Žæºã®å ãæ€ç¥ãã
ãã 第ïŒå³ã®ç¹ïŒ£ã¯æ€ç¥è¡šé¢äžã«éžå®ããä»»æã®ç¹
ã§ãããåã³ïŒ£ã®éã®ããã·ãŠç·ã¯ä¹³å€è¢«èŠãš
è§åºŠÏãæ§æãããæ€ç¥è¡šé¢äžã®ç¹ïŒ£ãç§»åãã
ãããšã«ãã€ãŠãã®è§åºŠÏã¯0ãã90ãã®ç¯å²ã§å€
åããããšãã§ãããæ£ä¹±å ã®åŒ·åºŠãè§åºŠÏã®é¢
æ°ãšããŠæž¬å®ããããšã«ãã€ãŠãïŒå 軞ïŒã®ãŸã
ãã®å æ£ä¹±ã®åè»¢å¯Ÿç§°ã®æ ã«ïŒçޝç©å ååžãè§åºŠ
Ïã®é¢æ°ãšããŠå®ããããšãã§ããã环ç©å ååž
ã®èšè¿°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãDepalmaåã³Gasperã®
âDetermining the Optical Properties of
Photographic Emulsions by the Monte Carlo
MethodâïŒPhotographic Science and
Engineeringã16å·»ãïŒå·ã1971å¹ŽïŒæãïŒæã
181ã191é ïŒãåç §ããããã 环ç©å ååžãä¹³å€ïŒã«å¯ŸããŠ0ãã90ãã®è§åºŠÏ
ã®é¢æ°ãšããŠæž¬å®ããåŸãæ¯æäœïŒã®å¥ã®éšåã«
åäžã®é被èŠéã§è¢«èŠããåãå¹³åç²å容ç©ãæ
ããäžè¬çãªä¹³å€ã«ã€ããŠåãæž¬å®ãç¹°ãè¿ãã
äºã€ã®ä¹³å€ã«å¯Ÿããè§åºŠÏã®é¢æ°ãšããŠæ±ãã环
ç©å ååžãÏã70ããŸã§ïŒããå Žåã«ã¯80ãåã³ã
ã以äžãŸã§ïŒã®å€ãæ¯èŒãããšãããã«èŠå®ãã
ä¹³å€ã®æ£ä¹±å ã®éãå°ãªãããšããããã第ïŒå³
ã«ãããŠãè§åºŠÎžã¯è§åºŠÏã®è£è§ã§ãããæ¬æçް
æžã«ãããŠæ£ä¹±è§åºŠã¯è§åºŠÎžã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããã
ããªãã¡ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯ã
ãå°ãªãé«è§åºŠæ£ä¹±ã瀺ããå ã®é«è§åºŠæ£ä¹±ã¯ç»
åã®é®®éæ§ã忝äŸçã«æžå°ãããã®ã§ãããã«
èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯ãã
ãã®å Žåã«ãããé®®éãªç»åãçæãããšèšã
ãã æ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠèŠå®ãããéå è§åºŠ
ïŒcollection angleïŒããªãèªã¯ãæ€ç¥è¡šé¢ã«ãã
ãå ã®ååãè§åºŠÎžã®æ¥µè»žã®ãŸããã«ç·ACã®å
転ã«ãã€ãŠçæãããåéã«å¯Ÿããé¢ç©å ã«ã¯ã
ããããªè§åºŠÎžã®å€ãæããæ€ç¥è¡šé¢ã«ãããå
ã®ååã¯æ€ç¥è¡šé¢ã®æ®ãã®éšåã«ãããã ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³
å€ã®é«è§åºŠæ£ä¹±æ§ãæžå°ãããçè«ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã
ç¹ã«ãã®çè«ã§æ¬çºæãéå®ããæå³ã¯ãªããã
é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«ãã€ãŠããããã
ã倧ããå¹³åŠãªäž»èŠçµæ¶é¢äžŠã³ã«è¢«èŠäžã«ããã
ç²åã®é 眮ã«ãã€ãŠé®®éæ§ã®æ¹è¯ããªããããã®
ãšæããããç¹ã«ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€è¢«èŠäžã«å
åšããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãããååšããå¹³é¢ç¶ã®æ¯æ
äœè¡šé¢ãšå®è³ªäžäžŠåããªãããšãèªãããããã
ãªãã¡ãä¹³å€å±€ã«ãããåçèŠçŽ ã«åçŽãªå ã¯ã
äžã€ã®äž»èŠçµæ¶é¢ã«å®è³ªäžåçŽãªå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«è¡
çªããåŸåã«ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®èãåã³è¢«èŠæ
ã®ãã®é 眮ã«ãã€ãŠé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ä¹³å€å±€ã¯äžè¬çãªä¹³å€å±€ããå®è³ªäžèãããããš
ãã§ããããã«ãã€ãŠã鮮鿧ãé«ãããããã
ãããªãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®äžè¬ç
ãªä¹³å€å±€ãšåãåãã«è¢«èŠããå Žåã§ãé«ãé®®é
æ§ã瀺ãã æ¬çºæã®ç¹ã«å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠã¯ãé«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã¯å°ãªããšã1.0ÎŒïœã
æã奜ãŸããã¯å°ãªããšã2ÎŒïœã®æå°å¹³åç²å
çŽåŸã瀺ããæåºŠã®æ¹è¯åã³é®®éæ§ã®æ¹è¯ã®ãã
ãããå¹³åç²åçŽåŸã®å¢å€§ã®ããã«åŸãããã®ã§
ãããæçšãªæå€§å¹³åç²åçŽåŸã¯ç¹å®ã®ç»åçšé
ã«å¯ŸããŠèš±å®¹ãããç²åºŠã«ãã€ãŠå€åããããã
ãã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®
æå€§å¹³åç²åçŽåŸã¯ããã¹ãŠã®å Žåã«ã30ÎŒïœæª
æºã奜ãŸããã¯15ÎŒïœæªæºããããŠæé©ã«ã¯10ÎŒ
ïœä»¥äžã§ããã ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³
å€ã®åäžå±€è¢«èŠã§ãã€ãŠé«è§åºŠæ£ä¹±ãæžå°ããã
ããšãã§ãããããã®é«è§åºŠæ£ä¹±ã®çŸè±¡ã¯å€è²è¢«
èŠã«ãããŠå¿ ãããå®çŸãããå¿ èŠã¯ãªãããã
çš®ã®å€è²è¢«èŠååŒã«ãããŠã¯ãé«ã鮮鿧ã¯ãã
ã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã§é
æããããšãã§ããããä»ã®å€è²è¢«èŠååŒã«ãã
ãŠã¯ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ä¹³å€ã¯ãã®äžã«ç©å±€ãããä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ãå®è³ª
äžäœäžããããšãããã åèšããå±€é åé ãåç §ããã«ãããã§ã¯é
è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ãé²å ç §å°æºã«æãè¿ãäœçœ®ã«äœçœ®
ãããã®äžã®ç·è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ãããã«èŠå®ããå¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã§ãããæ¬¡ã«ããã®ç·è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€
ã¯èµ€è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«äœçœ®ãããéè²èšé²ä¹³å€
å±€ããå€ãã®éå¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€ã«ãããŠå žåçãªãã
ã«ã0.2ã0.6ÎŒïœã®ç¯å²ã®å¹³åçŽåŸç²åãæãã
å Žåã«ã¯ãéè²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã¯ãããééããå ã
ç·è²åã³èµ€è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã«å°éãããããªæå€§æ£
ä¹±ã瀺ãã§ããããæ®å¿µãªããšã«ãå ãé«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®ç·è²èšé²å€ä¹³å±€ã«å°é
ããåã«ãã§ã«æ£ä¹±ãããŠããå Žåã«ã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã¯ãããééããå ããäžè¬çãªåŸæ¥ã®ä¹³å€
ãã倧ããªå²åã§éè²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã«æ£ä¹±ãããã
ãã®ããã«ãä¹³å€ã®éžå®åã³å±€ã®é 眮ãç¹å¥ã«éž
ã¶ããšã«ãã€ãŠãèµ€è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ããã
ãã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ãåèšå±€é åé ã«ååšããªãå Ž
åã«æ¯èŒããŠã倧ããå²åã§ããªãäœäžãããã ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åé
ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«äœçœ®ããä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ã®ç¹åŸŽ
ãå®å šã«å ·çŸåããããã«ã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€
ãæ£ä¹±ãããŸãåããŠããªãå ãåããããã«äœ
眮ããïŒå¥œãŸããã¯å®è³ªçã«æ£ééæ§ã®å ãåã
ãããã«äœçœ®ããïŒã®ã奜ãŸãããå¥ã®èšãæ¹ã
ããã°ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«äœçœ®ããä¹³å€å±€
ã®é®®éæ§ãæ¹è¯ããããã«ã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€
ãæ¿ãå±€ã®äžã«äœçœ®ããªãå Žåã®ã¿ã«æè¯ã«å®çŸ
ããããšãã§ãããäŸãã°ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åç·è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ãèµ€è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«
äœçœ®ããã€ãªãããã³ä¹³å€å±€åã³ïŒåã¯é«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åéè²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«äœçœ®ã
ãå Žåã«ã¯ãèµ€è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ã¯äžã«äœçœ®
ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ïŒåæ°åã¯è€æ°ïŒã®ååšã«
ãã€ãŠæ¹è¯ãããã§ããããå®éçã«èšãã°ãé«
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åç·è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«
äœçœ®ããåæ°åã¯è€æ°ã®å±€ã®éå è§åºŠãçŽ10ãã
ãå°ãªãå Žåã«ã¯ãèµ€è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ãæ¹
è¯ããããšãã§ããããã¡ãããåèšèµ€è²èšé²ä¹³
å€å±€èªèº«ãããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã§ããå Žåã«ã¯ããã®é®®éæ§ã«åãŒ
ãäžã«äœçœ®ããå±€ã®åœ±é¿ã«é¢ããéãã¯ãåé¡ã¯
ãªãã ç©å±€ãããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§ãŠããããå«ãå€è²å
çèŠçŽ ã«ãããŠã鮮鿧ã®å©çãåŸãããã«ã¯ã
é²å ç §å°æºã«æãè¿ãäœçœ®ã«äœçœ®ããä¹³å€å±€ãå°
ãªããšãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã§ãã
ããšã奜ãŸãããç¹å¥ã«å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠãå¥
ã®ç»åèšé²ä¹³å€å±€ããé²å ç §å°æºã«è¿ãäœçœ®ã«äœ
眮ããåä¹³å€å±€ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³
å€å±€ã§ãããäžè¿°ã®å±€é åé ãããã
åã³ã¯äžã«äœçœ®ããä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ãèããå¢
倧ããããããšãã§ããå€è²åçèŠçŽ ä¹³å€ã®é å
ã®äŸã§ããã é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéç²åä¹³å€ã®å€è²
åçèŠçŽ ã«ãããç»å鮮鿧ã®ç¹åŸŽçãªå¯äžãå€
è²åçèŠçŽ ã«ã€ããŠç¹ã«èª¬æãããŠãããããã®
鮮鿧ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯éç»åãçæããå€å±€é»çœåçèŠ
çŽ ã«ãããŠãå ·çŸåããããšãã§ãããé»çœç»å
ã圢æããä¹³å€ãé«æåºŠåã³äœæåºŠã®å±€ã«åãã
ããšãäžè¬çã«è¡ãªãããŠãããããã«èŠå®ãã
é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãé²å ç §å°æºã®
æãè¿ãäœçœ®ã«äœçœ®ããå±€ã«äœ¿çšããããšã«ãã€
ãŠããã®äžã«äœçœ®ããä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ãæ¹è¯ãã
ãã 宿œäŸ æ¬çºæã以äžã®å®æœäŸã«åŸã€ãŠæŽã«èª¬æããã
åäŸã«ãããŠãåå¿å®¹åšã®å 容ç©ã¯éåã³ããã²
ã³åç©å¡©ã®å°å ¥ã®éæ¿ããæ¹æããããŸãããïŒ ã
ã¯ç¹ã«æããªãéãééïŒ ã瀺ãããïŒãã¯ç¹ã«
æããªãéãã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã瀺ãããããŠç¹ã«æããª
ãéããã¹ãŠã®æº¶æ¶²ã¯æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã§ããã ä¹³å€ïŒãïŒ ãããã®ä¹³å€ã¯ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãåŸãããã«ã¯ããªãšãŒãã«çµ
å嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®äœ¿çšãå¿ é ã§ããããšã瀺
ãã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒå¯Ÿç §ïŒïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒç¡ãïŒ ç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.12ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ãã
ã³ïŒ0.0135ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ã1.00ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠå¡©åãª
ããŠã æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ïŒ0.4ã70âåã³PH3.0ã§
調補ãããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã«ä¿æããã
溶液ã«ãç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ7.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒ
åã³å¡©åãªããŠã ïŒ9.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡«é žã¢ã³ã¢ã
ãŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ããã³ïŒ0.027ã¢ã«
æ¿åºŠïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ïŒãäºéãžãšããã«ãã€
ãŠäžå®é床ã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®1.1ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
æ·»å ããã æåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²
åã³ïŒ£ãäºéãžãšããã«ãã€ãŠå éãããæµé
ïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµäºãŸã§ã20åãããªãã¡çµãã®
æµéãã¹ã¿ãŒãæã®æµéãã20åéãïŒã§ïŒåé
ïŒå šç¡é žéã®98.9ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§æ·»å ãããæ²æŸ±ç
æã®éã«ãå šäœã§0.67ã¢ã«ã®ç¡é žéãæ¶è²»ãã
ãã70âã§PH3.0ãä¿æããããã«ãæ°Žé žåãªã
ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ1.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšããã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒå¯Ÿç §ïŒïŒAgCl99.8Br0.2ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãèåãããªãŠã
ïŒ0.0025ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ããã³ïŒ0.0185ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒãå«ã骚ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ1.5ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã
溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0åã³70âã§èª¿è£œãããæå
ã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã«ä¿æãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ãç¡é ž
éïŒ7.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²åã³ç¡é žã¢
ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠ
ã ïŒ4.49ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ïŒããäºé
ãžãšããã«ãã€ãŠå éæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµäºãŸ
ã§ïŒåïŒã§12åéã«ããã€ãŠæ·»å ãããPHã3.0
ã«ä¿æããããã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ã䜿çšããã
æ²æŸ±çæã®éã«ã0.50ã¢ã«ã®ç¡é žéãæ¶è²»ããã ä¹³å€ïŒãAgCl99.8Br0.2ããŒã©ãã³âããã¿ã€ã¶
ãŒTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã ããªïŒïŒâãã¢ãã³ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãâã³âïŒ
âã¢ã¯ãªããã·ãããã³âïŒâã¹ã«ãã³é žããã
ãªãŠã å¡©ïŒãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒã®ããª
ããŒ0.75ïŒ ããã¢ããã³ïŒ0.0185ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é ž
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãèåãããªãŠã
ïŒ0.0025ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ã骚ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ1.5ïŒ ãŒã©ã
ã³ã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0åã³70âã§èª¿è£œããã
ä¹³å€ïŒã¯ãä¹³å€ïŒãšåäžã®æº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ãåã³ïŒ€ãäŸ
ïŒã«åãæ¹æ³ã§å ããããšã«ãã€ãŠèª¿è£œãããæ²
柱çæã®éã«0.50ã¢ã«éã®ç¡é žéãæ¶è²»ãããã 第ïŒå³ã第ïŒå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒå³ã¯ä¹³å€ïŒïŒå¯Ÿç §ïŒãä¹³
å€ïŒïŒå¯Ÿç §ïŒåã³ä¹³å€ïŒã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçã§ããã第
ïŒå³ã¯åçã1500åã§ããã®ã«å¯Ÿãã第ïŒå³åã³
第ïŒå³ã¯å ±ã«åçã600åã§ãããä¹³å€ïŒãå¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åãå«ãã®ã«å¯Ÿããä¹³å€ïŒåã³ä¹³å€ïŒã¯äžé®®
æãªéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®çæã瀺ããŠããã®ã«éããª
ããä¹³å€ïŒãïŒåã³ïŒãäžç·ã«èæ ®ããã°ããã
ã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãåŸ
ãããã¯ãããªãšãŒãã«çµåãå«ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒ
ã䜿çšããããšã®éèŠãããããã§ããããä¹³å€
ïŒã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ä»¥äžã®ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«æŽã«è©³ãã瀺ãé
ãã§ãããç¹ã«èšããå Žåãé€ããŠããããã®å
ã³ä»¥äžã®äŸã®ä¹³å€ã«ãããŠãã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åå¹³åçŽ
åŸåã³ããŒã»ã³ãææ é¢ç©ãèšç®ããéã«çŽåŸ
0.6ÎŒïœæªæºã®ããããã®å¹³æ¿ç²åãå«ãŸãããã
äžååãªå°ããªçŽåŸã®ç²åãååšããããšã«ãã€
ãŠå ±åããæ°åãããªãåããããšã¯ãªãã€ãã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒAgCl99.7Br0.3ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒ
APSAãåäžãžãšããïŒ ãã®äŸã¯åäžãžãšããæ²æŸ±ããã»ã¹ã«ãããã
ãã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã®è£œé ã説æããã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ1.62ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³ïŒ0.015ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.005ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«
ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ1.25ïŒ
ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0åã³70âã§èª¿è£œ
ãããç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ7.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãã
æåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡
ã«äžå®é床ã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®1.1ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
ã§åäžãžãšãããçšããŠå ãããæ¬¡ãã§æº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ã
å éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«20åïŒ
ã§ãæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ãæ¶è²»ããããŸã§å ãããPH3.0ãä¿
æããããã«ãæ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ1.0ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãçšããããã®ä¹³å€ã調補ãã
ã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.67ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã ãã®ä¹³å€ã«ãã€ãŠèª¿è£œããããããã«èŠå®ãã
é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®ç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡š
ã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAã
äžå®æµéïŒ ãã®äŸã¯ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äžå®æµéãçšããŠæ²æŸ±
ãããäŸã説æããã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã äºæ°Žå¡©ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ã
ãã³ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã
ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«
æ¯ïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.625ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4
ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãª
ã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶
æ¶²ïŒ3.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液
ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãäžå®é床ã§äºéãžãšã
ããçšããŠïŒåéã§å ãããPHã2.6ã«ä¿æãã
ããã«ãæ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã
溶液ïŒãçšããããã®ä¹³å€ã補é ããã®ã«äœ¿çš
ããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.50ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã åŸãããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§
ããã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAãLiCl
å¡©ïŒ ãã®äŸã¯å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã®ãããã«å¡©åãªããŠ
ã ã䜿çšããçµæã瀺ãã å¡©åãªããŠã ïŒ1.00ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.0135ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.12
ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒ
氎溶液ïŒ1.32ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0
åã³70âã§èª¿è£œãããä¹³å€ïŒã«ãããŠè¿°ã¹ã溶液
ãšåäžã®æº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ãåã³ïŒ€ã調補ããä¹³å€ïŒã®å Ž
åãšåæ§ã«ããŠå ããŠããã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«
䜿çšããå¡©åéã®éã¯0.67ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã åŸãããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§
ããã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAïŒ ãã®äŸã¯ãããäœãåå¿å®¹åšæž©åºŠåã³å¡©åç©æ¿
床ãçšããŠãããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã補é ããããšã瀺ãã ã¢ããã³ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã
ïŒ0.44ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«
ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ã
ãªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œã
ããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡
ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ3.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液
ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒ
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡
é žéã®0.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®åŸã溶液åã³ïŒ£ãäºéãžãšã
ããçšããŠåäžã®å éæµéãããã¢ã€ã«ïŒã¹ã¿ãŒ
ãããçµããŸã§ã«ïŒåïŒã§ã»ãŒ11åéïŒå šç¡é žé
ã®22.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããããã ããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ã®æµ
éã¯æº¶æ¶²ïŒ£ã®æµéã®ååã§ãã€ãã 11åéã®å 鿵鿷»å æéã®åŸã溶液åã³ïŒ£
ãäžå®æµéã§19åéå ãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ã®æµéã¯æº¶æ¶²
ïŒ£ã®æµéã®ååã§ãã€ãïŒå šç¡é žéã®77.2ïŒ ãæ¶
è²»ïŒãPH2.6ãä¿æããããã«ãæ°Žé žåãããªãŠã
氎溶液ïŒ1.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãçšãããæ²æŸ±
çæã®éæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æãããã
ã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.50
ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã補é ããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã第ïŒè¡š
ã«ç€ºãããŸãã調補ããä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç
600åïŒã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAãåå¿
容åšäžã«NH4 +åã¯Br-ååšããïŒ ãã®äŸã¯åå¿å®¹åšäžã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã åã¯èåç©
ã€ãªã³ã®ãããããå«ãŸããããšãªããããã«èŠ
å®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã補é ã
ãäŸã瀺ãã ã¢ããã³ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠ
ã ïŒ0.44ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢
ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4
ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãª
ã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ãæ°Žé žåãããªãŠã
ïŒ0.014ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ3.0ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液
ïŒ4.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒããäºéãžãšãããçšã
ãŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šéã®1.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒãå
ãããæåã®ïŒåéã®åŸãæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿
床ãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£ãäºéãžãšãã
ãçšããŠå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§
ã«ïŒåïŒã§11åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®44.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒå
ããã ãã®11åéã®å éæµéæéã®åŸã溶液åã³ïŒ£
ãäžå®æµéã§6.5åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®54.4ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
ã§å ããã ãã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯
0.50ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã 調補ããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§
ããã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAã85âïŒ ãã®äŸã¯85âã®æ²æŸ±æž©åºŠã§ããã«èšèŒããé«ã¢
ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã補é ããããšã瀺
ãã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Ž
溶液ïŒ1.25ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0å
ã³85âã§èª¿è£œãããç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«
æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ4.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã®
æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ïŒãç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ7.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã
溶液ïŒåã³æ°Žé žåãªããŠã 氎溶液ïŒ1.0ã¢ã«æ¿
åºŠãæº¶æ¶²ïŒ€ïŒã調補ãããããŠæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãª
ã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ä¹³å€ïŒã補é ããå Žå
ãšåãããã«ããŠå ããããã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®
ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.67ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã 調補ããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§
ããã調補ããä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒ600åïŒã第
ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã ä¹³å€10ïŒAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAïŒ ãã®äŸã¯æ¬çºæã®å®æœã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ããããšã
ã§ããç¬ç¹ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶çµæ¶æ§é ã瀺ãã ã¢ããã³ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã
ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«
ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ã
ãªããŒã溶液ïŒ2.0ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œã
ããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡
ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ3.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液
ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ4.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒ
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡
é žéã®1.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒå ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéã®æ·»å ã®åŸãæåã®å¡©
åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£ã
å éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«ïŒåïŒ
ã§11åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®44.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã ãã®11åéã®å 鿵鿷»å æéã®åŸãæåã®å¡©
åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£ã
äžå®æµéã§çŽïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®54.4ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
ã§å ããã PH2.6ãä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶液
ïŒ1.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³å€ã
調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯2.5ã¢ã«ã§ã
ã€ãã ãã®ããã«ããŠèª¿è£œããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã第ïŒ
衚ã«ç€ºãããŸãããã®ããã«ããŠèª¿è£œããä¹³å€ã®
é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒ600åïŒã第ïŒïŒïœå³ã«ç€ºãã第ïŒ
ïŒïœå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïŒïœå³ã¯ãããããä¹³å€10ã®ãµã³
ãã«ãçŽäžïŒåŸæ0ãïŒåã³è§åºŠãæãããŠïŒåŸæ
60ãïŒã§æ®ã€ãé»åé¡åŸ®é¡åçã§ããã第ïŒïŒïœ
å³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïŒïœå³ã®æ¡å€§åçã¯10000åã§ããã ä¹³å€10ã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®çµæ¶æ§
é ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ãåŸæ¥ã®äž
è¬çãªä¹³å€ãšæ¯èŒããããã«ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®
å¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åä¹³å€ããã®ç²åãå¯Ÿç §ãšããŠäœ¿
çšãããå¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åãïŒ111ïŒçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«
ãã€ãŠå®å šã«åãå²ãŸããŠããããšã¯åŸæ¥ããäž
è¬çã«èªããããŠããããšã§ãããæ¯èŒã®ããã«
詊éšããå¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åã¯æ¶²äœçªçŽ ã®æž©åºŠãŸã§
å·åŽãããããŠ100KVã§æäœããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ã«
眮ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åã貫éããé»åããŒã
ã¯ã¯ãªã¹ã¿ã«å¹³é¢ã«ãã€ãŠåæãããã第ïŒïŒïœ
å³ã®äžå€®ãªã³ã°ã®ãŸããã«äžå€®ããŒã äœçœ®ããç
è·é¢ã®ãšããã«ïŒåã®ã¹ããããæããã«èªãã
ããããããã®ã¹ãããã¯ïŒ220ïŒçµæ¶å¹³é¢ãã
ã®åå°ã§ãããïŒã¹ãããã®ç¬¬ïŒã®å€åŽã®ãªã³ã°
ãèªãããããããããã¯å¥ã®çµæ¶é¢ããã®åå°
ã§ãããçŽæ¥èå³ã®ãªããã®ã§ãããïŒçæãã
ãé»åããŒã åæã¹ããããã¿ãŒã³ãšçµæ¶ãšããž
æ§é ãšã®é¢ä¿ã瀺ãããã«ã詊éšç²åã®é»åé¡åŸ®
é¡åçã¯é»åããŒã åæãã¿ãŒã³äžã«é©åœã«è§åºŠ
ããªããŠé äœãããŠç€ºããŠãããïŒé©åœãªè§åºŠé
äœã¯æ€éã®ç®çã§å ¬ç¥ã®åæç¹æ§ãæããäžæçµ
æ¶ãçšããããšã«ãã€ãŠç¢ºèªãããïŒç¬¬ïŒïŒïœå³
ãæ§æããææãããïŒ220ïŒå¹³é¢ããã®åå°ã«å¯Ÿ
å¿ããïŒåã®æãå åŽã®åå°ã¹ãããã¯äžå€®é»å
ããŒã ãšå¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åã«ãã€ãŠèŠå®ãããå
è§åœ¢ã®é ç¹ãšã®éã®ç·ã«ããããšããããã 第ïŒïŒïœ å³ã¯ã第ïŒïŒïœå³ã®ç²åã«å€ããŠä¹³å€
10ããåŸãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãçšããŠåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãã
ã®ã§ãããäžå€®é»åããŒã äœçœ®ããçè·é¢ã®å ã€
ã®ã¹ãããã®å åŽã®ãªã³ã°ãäžå€®ããŒã äœçœ®ãšå
è§åœ¢ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®é ç¹ãšã®éã®ç·ç¶ã«ããªãã
ãšãèªãããããç²åãšããžã«ã€ããŠèŠããšã
ïŒ220ïŒçµæ¶é¢ããã®åæãã¿ãŒã³ã¯ã第ïŒïŒïœå³
ã«èªããããåæãã¿ãŒã³ã«æ¯èŒããŠã30ãå転
ããŠããããã«èŠããããããããã«èŠå®ããå¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ç¬ç¹ã®çµæ¶é äœã®èšŒæ ã§ããã第ïŒïŒ
ïœ å³ã«ãããŠãäž»èŠé¢ã®å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ããïŒ211ïŒ
ã¹ãã¯ãã«ïŒå³ç€ºããŠããªãïŒã¯ïŒåã®åæã¹ã
ããã®é£æ¥ç¹ãæ¥ç¶ãã亀差ã©ã€ã³ã«åçŽã§ã
ããåã ã®å Žåã«ãïŒ211ïŒã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯ç²åäžã®
äžå€®ã¹ãããããé ç¹ã«äŒžã³ããããŠçµæ¶é¢ã®äž
ã€ã«å¹³è¡ã§ããããã®ããã«ããã«èŠå®ãã第ïŒ
ïŒïœ å³ã«ç€ºããããªå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ïŒçµæ¶é¢ã¯ïŒ
211ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«ã«å¹³è¡ã§ããã ãã®ãåã³åæ§ã«è©Šéšããä»ã®ä¹³å€ãµã³ãã«ã
ããäžèšä¹³å€ïŒãïŒã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ããããåæ§
ã®çµæ¶æ§é ã瀺ããã®ãšæãããã ä¹³å€11ïŒAgCl99Blãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒAAïŒ
MOESïŒ ãã®äŸã¯ããªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã
å€ããŠãããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã調補ããäŸã瀺
ãããã®äŸã¯æŽã«åå 墿ã«å¯Ÿããå¿çæ§ã瀺
ãã ããªïŒïŒâãã¢ãã³ãã«ã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãâã³â
ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žâã³âïŒâã¡ã¿ã¯ãªãã€ã«ãªãã·âãš
ãã«âïŒâã¹ã«ãã³é žããããªãŠã å¡©ïŒ
ïŒTPMAïŒAAïŒMOESãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒã
å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ã氎溶液ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液
ïŒ2.0ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããæåã®å¡©
åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·
ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒåã³ç¡é žé
氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãäºéãžãšãã
ãçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®1.2ïŒ ã
æ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæéã®åŸãæåã®å¡©å
ç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£ãäº
éãžãšãããçšããŠå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãã
ãçµããŸã§ã«2.3åïŒã§53åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®98.8
ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã PHã2.6ã«ä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶
æ¶²ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³
å€ã®èª¿è£œã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯2.5ã¢ã«ã§ãã€
ããåŸãããä¹³å€ã¯ãã€ãããµã€ã¯ãã³æŽæµæ¹æ³
ãçšããŠã»ãšãã©ã®å¯æº¶æ§å¡©ãåé¢ãããã®åŸãŒ
ã©ãã³ãæ·»å ããã åŸãããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§
ããããŸãä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã第
ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã ä¹³å€11ã®é墿ãµã³ãã«ãäžé ¢é žã»ã«ããŒã¹æ¯
æäœäžã«1.07ïœéïŒm2åã³3.58ïœãŒã©ãã³ïŒm2ã®
被èŠéã§è¢«èŠããããã®è¢«èŠèŠçŽ ã¯1.07ïœïŒm2ã®
ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒãïŒâïŒïŒâã¯ããâïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒâïŒâãαâïŒïœâãã³ã¿ãã·
ã«ããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ãããâïŒâãã©ãŸãã³
ãå«ããã®ã§ãã€ãããã®è¢«èŠããã«ãã³
ïŒHortonïŒïŒç»é²åæšïŒã¹ãã¯ãã«ã°ã©ãã§ïŒç§
éé²å ããããããŠïœâããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ã«ã©
ãŒçŸåå€äžã§33.4âã§ïŒåéåŠçããã 被èŠåã«ãä¹³å€ã0.25ããªã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Ag5â
ïŒïŒâãšãã«âïŒâãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªããªãã³ïŒâïŒ
âβâã¹ã«ããšãã«ããŒããã³åã³0.5ïŒ KBrïŒ
ã¢ã«Agã§éè²é åã«åå 墿ããã以å€ã«ã¯ç¬¬
ïŒã®å Žåãšåæ§ã«ããŠç¬¬ïŒã®ãµã³ãã«ã被èŠã
ãã 被èŠåã«ãä¹³å€ã0.25ããªã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã¢ã³
ãããâïŒâã¯ããâïŒâãšãã«â5â²âããšãã«
âïŒïŒ3â²âãžãšãã«ãªããµã«ã«ãã·ã¢ãã³ããã
ãã·ããïœâãã«ãšã³ã¹ã«ãããŒãåã³0.5ïŒ
KBrïŒã¢ã«Agã§ç·è²é åã«åå 墿ãã以å€ã¯
第ïŒã®åæ§ã«ããŠç¬¬ïŒã®ãµã³ãã«ã被èŠããã 第ïŒïŒïœå³ã«ãããŠããããäžã€ã®ãµã³ãã«ã®
logæåºŠãé²å ç §å°æ³¢é·ã®é¢æ°ãšããŠããããã
ããæ²ç·ïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïœåã³ïŒïŒïœã¯ãããã第
ïŒã第ïŒåã³ç¬¬ïŒã®ãµã³ãã«ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããããã
ã®æ²ç·ã¯åå 墿ã«ããæåºŠæ³¢é·é åã®æ¡å€§ã®å¹
æã瀺ããŠããã ä¹³å€12ïŒAgCl94Br6ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAïŒ ãã®äŸã¯ããŸãŸã§ã®äŸããé«ãå²åã®èçŽ ã䜿
çšããŠããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã補é ããäŸã瀺ãã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«
æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã
å«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ
ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œ
ãããä¹³å€ïŒã®å Žåãšåæ§ã«ããŠã溶液ïŒå¡©å
ã«ã«ã·ãŠã 3.00ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠãèåãããªãŠã 0.18ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³æº¶æ¶²ïŒ£ïŒç¡é žé4.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå ã
ããPHã55âã§2.6ã«ä¿æããã®ã«æº¶æ¶²ïŒ€
ïŒNaOH1.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå ããããã®ä¹³å€ã調補
ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®æ¿åºŠã¯0.50ã¢ã«ã§ãã€
ãã 調補ããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã ä¹³å€13ïŒAgCl89Br11ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒ
AAïŒMOESïŒ ãã®äŸã¯åè¿°ã®äŸãããæŽã«é«ãå²åã®èçŽ ã
çšããŠããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã調補ããäŸã瀺ãã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã äºæ°Žå¡©ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ã
ãã³ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã
ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTPMAïŒAAïŒMOES
ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã
溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããå šæ²
柱çæã®éæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶
液ã«ãèåã«ãªãŠã ïŒ0.20ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãå¡©
åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ïŒ
åã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãäº
éãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®ã®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é ž
éã®1.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã ãã®æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæ·»å åŸã溶液å
ã³ïŒ£ãå éããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«
1.75åïŒã§äºéãžãšãããçšããŠ49åéïŒå šç¡é ž
éã®98.4ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã PHã2.6ã«ä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶
æ¶²ïŒ0.20ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³
å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.50ã¢ã«
ã§ãã€ãã 調補ããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã以äžã®ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€º
ãããŸããã®ä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã
第ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã ãšãã«ã®ãŒåæ£æ§ïŒžç·åæçšèµ°æ»åééåé»å
é¡åŸ®é¡ãçšããŠãåã ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããé©åœãªæš
æºç©è³ªãšå ±ã«ãèçŽ ã«ã€ããŠåæãããåæçµæ
ã¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã11ã¢ã«ïŒ æ¿åºŠã®èçŽ ãå«ãããšã
瀺ããã ä¹³å€14ã17 ãããã®ä¹³å€ã¯éåäœããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãäœããã
ãªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ã¢ãããŒãŠãããã®ã¹ã«ãã³
é žå«æã¢ãããŒãŠãããã«å¯Ÿããæ¯çãå€ããäŸ
ã瀺ãã ä¹³å€14ãAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒ
MOESïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã ã¢ããã³ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã
ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«
ããããªïŒïŒâãã¢ãã³ãã«ã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãâã³
âïŒâã¡ã¿ã¯ãªãã€ã«ãªãã·ãšãã«âïŒâã¹ã«ã
ã³é žããããªãŠã å¡©ïŒïŒTPMAïŒMOESãïŒïŒïŒ
ã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4
ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããå šäœã®æ²æŸ±çæ
æéãéããŠæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãç¶æãã
溶液ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ3.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液
ïŒåã³ç¡é žéïŒ4.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã®æ°Žæº¶
æ¶²ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå š
ç¡é žéã®1.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéã®æ·»å åŸã溶液åã³
ãå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«ïŒ
åïŒã§11åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®44.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ã
ãã 11åéã®å 鿵鿷»å æéã®åŸã溶液åã³ïŒ£
ãäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®54.4ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
ã§å ããã PHã2.6ã«ä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶
æ¶²ïŒ1.06ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšãããç¡é žé
ã¯ãã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«0.50ã¢ã«äœ¿çšããã ä¹³å€15ãAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒ
MOESïŒïŒïŒ12ïŒã ã¢ãããŒæ¯TPMAïŒMOESãïŒïŒ12ã«ãã以
å€ã¯ä¹³å€14ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãæ²æŸ±æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠä¹³å€
15ã調補ããã ä¹³å€16ãAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒ
MOESïŒïŒïŒ15ïŒã ã¢ãããŒæ¯TPMAïŒMOESãïŒïŒ15ã«ãã以
å€ã¯ä¹³å€14ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãæ²æŸ±æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠä¹³å€
16ã調補ããã ä¹³å€17ãAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒ
MOESïŒïŒïŒ18ïŒã ã¢ãããŒæ¯TPMAïŒMOESãïŒïŒ18ãšãã以
å€ã¯ä¹³å€14ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãæ²æŸ±æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠä¹³å€
17ã調補ããã ä¹³å€14ã17ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ä»¥äžã®ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãé
ãã§ãããä¹³å€15ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã¯
第ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã ä¹³å€18ã20 ãããã®ä¹³å€ã¯ããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ã®èª¿è£œã«ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãšããŠããªãšãŒãã«çµåã
å«ãéåäœã䜿çšããå Žåã®å€åœ¢ã瀺ãã ä¹³å€18ïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAAïŒAPSAïŒ å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãããªïŒïŒ®âïŒâãã¢ãã³ãã«ã¢ã¯
ãªã«ã¢ããâã³âïŒâã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«ãªãã·ããã
ã³âïŒâã¹ã«ãã³é žããããªãŠã å¡©ïŒïŒTAAïŒ
APSAãïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ1.25ïŒ ããªã
ãŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0åã³80âã§èª¿è£œããã
æåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡
ã«ä¹³å€ïŒã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãæ¹æ³ãšåãæ¹æ³ã§ã氎溶
液ïŒå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 4.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ã
ãŠã 0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ£ïŒç¡é žé7.0ã¢ã«
æ¿åºŠïŒåã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ€ïŒæ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 1.0ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒãå ããããã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšãã
ç¡é žéã®éã¯0.67ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã æ²æŸ±çæã80âã§å®æœãã以å€ã¯ä¹³å€ïŒã«ã€ã
ãŠè¿°ã¹ãæ²æŸ±æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠä¹³å€18ã調補ããã ä¹³å€19ïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAAïŒAPSAïŒ å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.020ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãããªïŒïŒâãã¢ãã³ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬
ãŒãâã³âã¢ã¯ãªã«é žâã³âïŒâã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«ãª
ãã·ãããã³âïŒâã¹ã«ãã³é žããããªãŠã å¡©ïŒ
ïŒTAïŒAAïŒAPSAãïŒïŒïŒïŒ11ã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²
ïŒ1.25ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0åã³80â
ã§èª¿è£œãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ïŒ4.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠ
ã ã0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒã溶液
ïŒ7.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠç¡é žéïŒåã³æº¶æ¶²ïŒ€ïŒ1.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠæ°Ž
é žåãããªãŠã ïŒããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«å šæéãéããŠæ
åã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããä¹³å€ïŒã«
ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ããšåãæ¹æ³ã§å ããããã®æº¶æ¶²ã調
補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.67ã¢ã«ã§ãã€
ãã æ²æŸ±çæã80âã§å®æœãã以å€ã¯ä¹³å€ïŒã«ã€ã
ãŠè¿°ã¹ãæ²æŸ±æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠä¹³å€19ã調補ããã ä¹³å€20ïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTBAAïŒAAïŒ
APSAïŒ ããªïŒïŒ®âïŒâãã¢ããã«ã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ããâã³
âã¢ã¯ãªã«é žâã³âïŒâã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«ãªãã·ãã
ãã³âïŒâã¹ã«ãã³é žããããªãŠã å¡©ïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯
ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒãTAïŒAAïŒAPSAã®ä»£ãã«äœ¿çš
ãã以å€ã¯ä¹³å€19ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãæ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠä¹³
å€20ã調補ããã ä¹³å€18ã20ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§ã
ããä¹³å€18åã³20ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã
ãããã第ïŒïŒå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã ä¹³å€21ïŒAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒ
AAïŒMOESïŒ ãã®äŸã¯é«ãããŒã»ã³ãã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãæã
ããããã«èŠå®ããæ¯èŒç倧ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ã瀺ãã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTPMAïŒAAïŒMOES
ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã
溶液ïŒ2.0ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããå šæ
éãéããŠæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶
液ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã
溶液ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液
ïŒãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåé
ïŒå šç¡é žéã®1.2ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæ·»å ã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãå éããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«2.3
åïŒã§äºéãžãšãããçšããŠ50åéïŒå šéã®98.8
ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã PH2.6ãç¶æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶液
ïŒ0.20ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³å€
ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯2.5ã¢ã«ã§
ãã€ãã ä¹³å€21ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã
ãã®ä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³
ã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã ä¹³å€22ïŒéè²åå å¢æïŒ ãã®äŸã¯éè²åå 墿è²çŽ ã§å¢æããå Žåã®ã
ããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã®åçæå¿æ§ã瀺ãã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Ž
溶液ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH2.6å
ã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿
æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ3.0ã¢
ã«ã溶液ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ4.0ã¢ã«ã溶液
ïŒãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåé
ïŒå šç¡é žéã®1.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæ·»å ã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠå éããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒ
ãããçµããŸã§ïŒåïŒã§11åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®44.0
ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã 11åéã®å éæµéæéã®åŸã溶液åã³ïŒ£ãäž
宿µéã§ã»ãŒ10åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®54.4ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
ã§å ããã 55âã§PH2.6ã«ä¿æããããã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠ
ã æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšããã
ãã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯
0.50ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã ãã®ä¹³å€ã23âã«å·åŽããïŒã®èžçæ°Žã«å
ããé眮ãããã«ã³ããŒã·ãšã³ãããããŠã»ãŒ
300ïœã®æ°Žæ§éªšãŒã©ãã³ïŒïŒïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒã«åæž
æ¿ãããã ãã®ä¹³å€ãã0.25ããªã¢ã«ã®ïŒâïŒïŒâãšãã«
âïŒâãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªããªãã³ïŒâïŒâβâã¹ã«
ããšãã«ããŒããã³ïŒã¢ã«Agåã³0.5ïŒ KBrïŒã¢
ã«Agã®æ·»å ã«ãã€ãŠåå 墿ããããåå çã«
墿ããããã®ãšãã«ãžãšã³ãäžé ¢é žã»ã«ããŒã¹
æ¯æäœäžã«1.07ïœéïŒm2åã³3.58ïœãŒã©ãã³ïŒm2
ã®è¢«èŠéã§è¢«èŠããããã®è¢«èŠèŠçŽ ã¯ãŸã1.07
ïœïŒm2ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒãïŒâïŒïŒâã¯ããâïŒïŒ
ïŒâãžã¡ãã«âããšãã«ïŒâïŒâãαâïŒïœâãã³
ã¿ãã·ã«ããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ãããâïŒâãã©
ãŸãã³ããå«ã¿ããããŠå šãŒã©ãã³å«éã«å¯Ÿã
1.1ééïŒ ã®ãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒãš
ãŒãã«ã§ç¡¬åããããæ¬¡ã«ããã®è¢«èŠãïŒã4.0
æ¿åºŠã¹ãããã¿ãã¬ãããéããŠ600Wåã³2850
ãã®ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³å æºã«ïŒç§éé²å ããããïœâ
ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ã«ã©ãŒçŸåå€äžã§33.4âã§ïŒ
åéåŠçãã以äžã®ã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒå€ãåŸããåå 墿 ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ã ã«ã㪠æå€§æ¿åºŠ è²çŽ ïŒKBr 1.44 0.20 2.05 ä¹³å€21ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã
ãã®ä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³
ã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã ä¹³å€23ïŒå€åä¿æ°ïŒ ãã®äŸã¯å€åä¿æ°ãçŽ20ã®ãæ¯èŒçã«å忣ã
ããããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã®è£œé ã瀺ãäŸã§ããã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.66ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Ž
溶液ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH2.6å
ã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãå š
æéãéããŠäžå®ã«ä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ãå¡©
åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ4.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒå
ã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãäºé
ãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®
0.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæ·»å ã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿
ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«ïŒåïŒã§11åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®
22.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ã®æµéã¯æº¶æ¶²ïŒ£
ã®æ·»å æµéã®ååã§ãã€ãã 11åéã®å éãããæµéæéã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãäžå®æµéã§çŽ23åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®70.0ïŒ ãæ¶
è²»ïŒã§å ãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ã®æµéã¯æº¶æ¶²ïŒ£ã®æµéã®å
åã§ãã€ãã æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ1.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶
液ïŒã55âã§PH2.6ã«ä¿æããã®ã«äœ¿çšããã
ãã®ä¹³å€ãæ²æŸ±ãããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯
0.50ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã åŸãããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§
ããããã®ä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã¯ç¬¬
ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã ä¹³å€24 ãã®äŸã¯ãéè²åå 墿è²çŽ ã§å¢æãããå Žå
ã®ãããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã®åçæå¿æ§ã瀺ããã€
éè²åå 墿è²çŽ ãååšããªãå Žåã«åŸãããã
ã®ãšã®æ§èœã®æ¯èŒãããäŸã§ããã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTPMAïŒAAïŒMOESïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ
4.0ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããå šæéãéã
ãŠæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãç¶æããªãããæº¶æ¶²
ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶
液ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒ
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡
é žéã®1.2ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæéã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿
ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«2.3åïŒã§52åéïŒå šç¡é žé
ã®98.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã 55âã§PH2.6ãä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã
氎溶液ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšãããã
ã®æäœã®çµç¹ãŸã§ã«PHã¯åŸã ã«2.8ã«è¿ã¥ããã
ãã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯
5.0ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã ãã®ä¹³å€ã¯23âã«å·åŽããèžçæ°Ž30ã«å ãã
é眮ãããã«ã³ããŒã·ãšã³ãããããŠ4.0ïŒ ãŒã©
ãã³æº¶æ¶²çŽ1.4Kgã«åæžæ¿ãããã ãã®ä¹³å€ã0.25ããªã¢ã«ã®ïŒâïŒïŒâãšãã«â
ïŒâãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªããªãã³ïŒâïŒâβâã¹ã«ã
ãšãã«ããŒããã³ïŒã¢ã«Agåã³0.5ïŒ KBrïŒã¢ã«
Agã®æ·»å ã«ãã€ãŠåå 墿ãããããã®åå å¢
æãããä¹³å€ãäžé ¢é žã»ã«ããŒã¹æ¯æäœã«1.07ïœ
éïŒm2åã³3.58ïœãŒã©ãã³ïŒm2ã®è¢«èŠéã§è¢«èŠã
ãããã®è¢«èŠèŠçŽ ã¯1.07ïœïŒm2ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©
ãŒãïŒâïŒïŒâã¯ããâïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâïŒâãαïŒïœâãã³ã¿ãã·ã«ããšããã·ïŒã
ãã«ã¢ãããâïŒâãã©ãŸãã³ããå«ã¿ããããŠ
å šãŒã©ãã³å«éã«å¯Ÿã1.1ïŒ ã®ãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«
ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒãšãŒãã«ã§ç¡¬åããããæ¬¡ã«ãã
ã®è¢«èŠã600Wåã³2850ãã®ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³æåã«
ïŒã4.0æ¿åºŠã¹ãããã¿ãã¬ãããéããŠïŒç§é
é²å ããããåŠçã¯ïœâããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ã«ã©
ãŒçŸåå€äžã«ãããŠ33.4âã§ïŒåéè¡ã€ããåŸã
ããã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒå€ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ããã ã衚ã äžã®è¡šããæãããªããã«ãéè²åå 墿ãã
å¹³æ¿ç¶AgClBrïŒ99ïŒïŒïŒç²åä¹³å€ã¯0.76logEã®å¢
倧åçæåºŠã瀺ããã ãã®ä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã以äžã®ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºããã
ã®ä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³ã«
瀺ãéãã§ããã ã衚ã
â
(1ïŒ1ïŒ7)
ã衚ã 以äžã®ä¹³å€ã¯ããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®æé·
ã®éçšã§ïœ111ïœãšããžããïœ110ïœãšããžãžã®è»¢
ç§»ã瀺ããæŽã«ãããã®ä¹³å€ã¯ããé«ãã¬ãã«ã§
ã®ã¢ããã³ã®äœ¿çšã«ããïœ110ïœãšããžãžã®æå¶
ã瀺ãã ä¹³å€25Aãïœ110ïœãšããžãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶AgClç²
åã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTPMAïŒAAïŒMOESïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ2.0
ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããå šæéãéããŠ
ãã®æåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡
ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液
ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒ
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡
é žéã®0.75ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæ·»å ã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«
2.3åïŒã§äºéãžãšãããçšããŠ15åéïŒå šç¡é ž
éã®18.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã 15åéã®å éãããæµéæéã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§çŽ46åé
ïŒå šç¡é žéã®80.5ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã 55âã§PH2.6ãä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã
氎溶液ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšãããã
ã®ä¹³å€ãæ²æŸ±ãããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯
4.0ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã åå¿å®¹åšäžã«Ag1.05ã¢ã«ãå°å ¥ããåŸããã®
ä¹³å€ã詊éšãããšãããç²åã¯ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãé
ãã§ãã€ããä¹³å€10ã«ã€ããŠäžã«è¿°ã¹ãããã«ã
ãŠç²åãšããžãæ±ããç²å詊éšãè¡ã€ããšããã
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšããžã¯ïœ111ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ããŠ
ããããšãããã€ããåå¿å®¹åšäžã«Ag1.68ã¢ã«
ãå°å ¥ããåŸã«ãä¹³å€ãåã³è©Šéšããããã®çµ
æãç²åã¯ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãéãã§ãã€ãã第ïŒïŒ
å³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³ã¯å ±ã«åç600åã§ããã第ïŒïŒ
å³ã¯ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºããä¹³å€ãããšã€ãåäžã®ç²å
ã®15500åã®åçã®åçã§ããã12åã®èå¥ã§ã
ããšããžãç²åã«ååšããããšã«æ³šç®ããããã
ãšããžã®ååã¯ïœ111ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ãããã
ãŠæ®ãã®ååã¯ïœ110ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ãããå
å¿å®¹åšäžã«Ag4.0ã¢ã«ãå°å ¥ããåŸãåã³ä¹³å€10
ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãããã«ä¹³å€ãæ€æ»ããããã®æ€æ»
ã®çµæãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ïœ110ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ã
ããšããžãæããããšã倿ããããã®ä¹³å€ã®å
ç600åã®åçã第ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãããã®äŸã¯å¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åã®æé·ã®éçšã§ïœ111ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ãšããžã
ãïœ110ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ç²åãšããžãžã®è»¢ç§»ãèµ·ãã
ãšãç«èšŒã§ããã ä¹³å€25Bãïœ111ïœãšããžãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶AgClç²
åã æ²æŸ±æäœã®éçšã§è¿œå ã®ã¢ããã³ãå ãã以å€
ã¯ãä¹³å€25Aãšåæ§ã«ããŠä¹³å€25Bãæ²æŸ±ãã
ããæ²æŸ±æäœã®éå§20ååŸããå§ããŠïŒåééã§
0.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 溶液25mläžã«æžæ¿ã
ãã1.0ïœéã®ã¢ããã³ã溶液ã«ïŒåå ããã
55âã§PH2.6ãä¿æããããã«ã¢ããã³ã®åæ·»å
æã«ç¡é žãå ããã ä¹³å€25Aã¯å¹³ååã0.28ÎŒïœãå¹³åç²åãµã€ãº
6.2ÎŒïœãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯21ïŒïŒåã³ç²åã®80ïŒ ãæ
æ é¢ç©ã«åºã¥ããŠå¹³ç¶æ¿ã§ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶AgClç²
åãå«ããã®ã§ãã€ããä¹³å€25Bã®æ²æŸ±éçšã«ã
ããŠè¿œå ã®ã¢ããã³ãååšãããããšã«ãã
ïœ110ïœãšããžã®çæã鲿¢ããããïœ111ïœãšããž
ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ãä¹³å€25Bã¯ãå¹³ååã0.50ÎŒ
ïœãå¹³åç²åãµã€ãº5.8ÎŒïœãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯11.6ïŒ
ïŒãåã³ææ 衚é¢ç©ã«åºã¥ããŠç²åã®85ïŒ ãå¹³æ¿
ç¶ã§ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã§ãã€ãã ä¹³å€26Aãïœ110ïœãšããžãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶AgClç²
åã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«
æ¯ïŒ0.63ééïŒ ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²2.0ãPH2.6åã³70âã§èª¿
補ãããå šæ²æŸ±éçšãéããŠæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³
æ¿åºŠãä¿æãããã®æº¶æ¶²ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶
æ¶²ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåé
ïŒå šç¡é žéã®19ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéã®æ·»å ã®åŸãåèšãã
ã²ã³åç©åã³é塩溶液ãå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒ
ãããçµããŸã§ã«1.11åïŒã§äºéãžãšãããçšã
ãŠïŒåéæ·»å ãããç¡é žéã®æ¶è²»éã¯å šç¡é žéã®
81ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã 70âã§PH2.6ãä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã
氎溶液ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³å€ã
調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.156ã¢ã«ã§
ãã€ãã åŸãããAgClä¹³å€ã¯å è§åœ¢ã®äž»èŠé¢åã³
ïœ110ïœãšããžãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ããã®ã§ã
ã€ãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å¹³åçŽåŸ1.7ÎŒïœãå¹³åå
ã0.20ÎŒïœãå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯8.5ïŒïŒãæããã
ããŠå šç²åææ é¢ç©ã®ã»ãŒ60ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã ä¹³å€26Bãïœ110ïœåã³ïœ111ïœãšããžãæããå¹³æ¿
ç¶AgClç²åã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãããªãâïŒïŒâãã¢ã
ãã«ïŒã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ããâã³âïŒâã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãã
âïŒâã¡ãã«ãããã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žããããªãŠã
å¡©ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒ0.63ééïŒ ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²0.4ã
PH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããå šæ²æŸ±æéãéããŠ
ãã®æåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ã«ã
å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ2.27ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ç¡é ž
éæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ4.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãäºéãžãšãããçšã
ãŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®2.5ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
ã§å ããã ãã®æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéã§ã®æ·»å ã®åŸãã
ãã²ã³åç©åã³é塩氎溶液ãå éãããæµéïŒã¹
ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«4.0åïŒã§äºéãžãšããã
çšããŠ20åéïŒäœ¿çšå šç¡é žéã®67.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§
å ãããæ¬¡ã«ããã²ã³åç©åã³é塩氎溶液ãäºé
ãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®é床ã§ïŒåéïŒäœ¿çšå šç¡é ž
éã®29.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã 55âã§PH2.6ã«ä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã
氎溶液ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³å€ã
調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.324ã¢ã«ã§
ãã€ãã åŸãããAgClä¹³å€ã¯åäºè§åœ¢ã®äž»èŠé¢äžŠã³ã«
ïŒåã®ïœ110ïœãšããžåã³ïŒåã®ïœ111ïœãšããžã
亀äºã«äœçœ®ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ããã®ã§ãã€
ãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å¹³åç²åçŽåŸ1.7ÎŒïœãå¹³å
åã0.19ÎŒïœãå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯8.7ïŒïŒã®ãã®ã§
ãããå šç²åææ é¢ç©ã®ã»ãŒ70ïŒ ãå ãããã®ã§
ãã€ãã 以äžã®äŸã¯å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãïŒïŒïŒãããã
ãã«å€§ããä¹³å€ã瀺ãäŸã§ããã ä¹³å€27ïŒAgCl79Br21ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯8.2ïŒïŒïŒ 0.625ééïŒ ã®TPMAïŒAAïŒMOESïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãè
åãããªãŠã ïŒ0.0125ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.0259ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ã氎溶液0.4ãæ²æŸ±å®¹åš
äžã«å ¥ãããããŠPH2.6åã³55âã§æ¹æãããã
ã®æ²æŸ±å®¹åšã«ãèåã«ãªãŠã ïŒ0.10ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã
å«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³
ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãäºéãžãšããã
çšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéå ããïŒå šç¡é žéã®1.6
ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã次ãã§ãåèšããã²ã³åç©å¡©åã³é
塩溶液ãå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§
ã«1.75åïŒã§48.4åéã§å ããïŒäœ¿çšå šç¡é žéã®
98.4ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒãå šæäœã®éãéããŠæ²æŸ±å®¹åšäž
ã«æåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æãããPHã2.6
ã«ä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ0.2ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿
çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.5ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã åŸãããå¹³æ¿ç¶èå¡©åéä¹³å€ã¯2.0ÎŒïœãããã
ãã«å€§ããïŒæšå®å€2.05ÎŒïœïŒå¹³åå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åçŽ
åŸã0.25ÎŒïœã®å¹³åå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²ååãåã³ïŒïŒïŒã
ããããã«å€§ããïŒæšå®å€8.2ïŒïŒïŒå¹³åã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ãæãããã®ã§ãã€ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å šç²
åææ é¢ç©ã®50ïŒ ããå€ãã€ãã 以äžã®ä¹³å€ã¯ããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãåŸã
ããã«ã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã®ä»£ãã«æ²çŽ ã䜿çšã
ãããšãã§ããããšã瀺ãäŸã§ããããã®ç²å調
è£œæ¹æ³ãçšããå Žåã«ã¯ãçŽïŒã10ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®ç²å
æ¿åºŠã«ãããŠæ²çŽ ã䜿çšããã®ã奜ãŸãããäžè¬
çã«èšãã°ããã®çºæã®å¥œãŸããè£œé æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€
ãŠã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã䜿çšããå Žåãããäœã
å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãåŸãããã ä¹³å€28ïŒååŠåã³åå 墿ãããAgCl99Br1ä¹³
å€ïŒ 0.63ïŒ TPMAïŒAAïŒMOESïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«
æ¯ïŒåã³0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®ã¢ããã³ãå«ã溶液2.0
ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«å ¥ããããã®æº¶æ¶²ã¯æŽã«0.5M
å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã åã³0.0125MèåãããªãŠã ãå«
ããã®ã§ãã€ããPHã55âã§2.6ã«èª¿ç¯ãããã
ã®åå¿å®¹åšã«ã2.0Må¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 溶液åã³
2.0Mç¡é žé溶液ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®é
床ã§ïŒåéïŒäœ¿çšå šç¡é žéã®1.2ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒïŒã¹ã¿
ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«2.33åïŒã§15åéç¶ç¶ãã䜿
çšããå šç¡é žéã®30.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ãããä¹³å€èª¿è£œã®
éãpClãæ·»å éå§ïŒååŸã«æž¬å®ãã§å ãããæ¬¡
ã«ãæº¶æ¶²ã®æ·»å ãå éãããæµéã§åå¿å®¹åšå ã®
å€ã«ä¿æãããæ¬¡ã«ãåèšæº¶æ¶²ãäžå®æµéã§æŽã«
26åéå ãã䜿çšããå šç¡é žéã®68.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ã
ããæ²æŸ±ã®æåã®1/3ã®æéã0.2Mæ°Žé žåãããª
ãŠã 溶液ãåŸã ã«å ãã55âã§PHã2.6ã«ä¿æã
ããæ²æŸ±çæã®éå šç¡é žé2.6ã¢ã«ãæ¶è²»ããã
ä¹³å€ã23âã«å·åŽãã0.001ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®ç¡é ž15
ã«æ·»å ããé眮ãããããŠæåŸã«ãã®åºåœ¢ç©ãïŒ
ïŒ éªšãŒã©ãã³ïŒäžã«æžæ¿ãããã ãã®ä¹³å€ã®ç²åã¯å¹³åçŽåŸ4.5ÎŒïœåã³å¹³ååã
0.28ÎŒïœãæãããã®ã§ãã€ãã0.5ÎŒïœæªæºã®å
ãåã³å°ãªããšã0.6ÎŒïœã®çŽåŸãæããç²åã¯å¹³
åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯16ïŒïŒã瀺ãããããŠå šææ é¢ç©
ã®80ïŒ ãã倧ããé¢ç©ãå ãããåŸãããå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã¯12é¢äœã§ãããïœ110ïœåã³ïœ111ïœãšããž
ã®ååšã瀺åããŠããã å¹³æ¿ç¶AgClç²åä¹³å€ãïŒã€ã®éšåã«åå²ãã
éšåã¯ååŠçåã¯åå çã«å¢æããŠãªãããã
ãŠããªãšã¹ãã«ãã€ã«ã æ¯æäœäžã«1.07ïœéïŒm2
åã³4.3ïœãŒã©ãã³ïŒm2ã®è¢«èŠéã§è¢«èŠãããã®
ã§ããã éšåã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ããŠå¢æããããç¡«åé
ïŒ1.0mgïŒã¢ã«HgïŒãæ·»å ãããããŠä¹³å€ã65â
ã«ïŒåéä¿æããããã®ä¹³å€ããã¢ã³ãããâïŒ
âã¯ããâïŒâãšãã«â5â²âããšãã«âïŒïŒ3â²â
ãã¹ïŒïŒâã¹ã«ããããã«ïŒãªããµã«ã«ãã·ã¢ã
ã³ããããã·ããããªãšãã«ã¢ãã³å¡©ïŒ0.75ããª
ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«AgïŒã§40âã§10åéåå 墿ããæ¬¡
ãã§éšåãšåæ§ã«è¢«èŠãããã®ã§ãããååŠå
ã³åå 墿ã¯äœ¿çšãã墿å€ã«å¯ŸããŠæé©ã®ãã®
ã§ãã€ãã éšååã³ïŒ€ã¯æé©ã«å¢æããããã®ã§ããã
éšåã«ã0.75ããªã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã®ã¢ã³ããã
âïŒâã¯ããâïŒâãšãã«â5â²âããšãã«âïŒïŒ
3â²âãã¹ïŒïŒâã¹ã«ããããã«ïŒãªããµã«ã«ãã·
ã¢ãã³ããããã·ãã®ããªãšãã«ã¢ãã³å¡©ãå
ãããããŠãã®ä¹³å€ã40âã§10åéä¿æãããæ¬¡
ã«ã3.0ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®NaBrïŒå šããã²ã³åéåºæºïŒã
å ãããããŠãã®ä¹³å€ã40âã§ïŒåéä¿æããã
次ã«ãNa2S2O3ã»5H2OmgïŒã¢ã«AgãNaSCN
ïŒ1600mgïŒã¢ã«AgïŒåã³KAuCl4ïŒïŒmgïŒã¢ã«AgïŒ
ãå ãããããŠãã®ä¹³å€ã被èŠåã«65âã§ïŒåé
ä¿æãããéšåã¯10mgïŒã¢ã«Agã®Na2S2O3ã»
5H2Oã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯äžèšéšåãšåæ§ã«ããŠ
墿ããããã®ã§ããã åèšè¢«èŠã600Wåã³5500ãã®ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³å
æºã«ïŒã4.0æ¿åºŠã¹ãããã¿ãã¬ãããéããŠ1/5
ïŒç§é²å ããããããŠïŒ®âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããã
ãšããŒã«ãµã«ããšãŒãïŒElonïŒïŒç»é²åæšïŒã¢ã¹
ã³ã«ãã³é žè¡šé¢çŸåå€äžã«ãããŠ20âã§10åéåŠ
çãããåŸãããã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒå€ã¯ä»¥äžã«ç€º
ãéãã§ããã ã衚ã ïŒ ãã®å®éšã®æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãããŠæå€§æ¿åºŠã¯ã«ããª
äž0.1ã®æåºŠéçæ°Žæºã«å°éããªãã€ãããã
ããéšååã³ïŒ¢ã«ã€ããŠãé²å åã³åŠçæ¡ä»¶
ãå€ããããšã«ãã€ãŠç»åãåŸãããã365n
ïœã®é²å ã§ã¯éšååã³ïŒ¢ã¯éšååã³ïŒ€ãã
çŽ2logEæåºŠãäœãã€ãã 第ïŒè¡šã®çµæã¯æé©ã«å¢æãããä¹³å€ã®æ¥µã
ãŠåªããæåºŠã瀺ããŠããã 以äžã®äŸã¯ããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€ãããã«
广µããããã²ã³åç©çµæã®éå¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€ããé«
ã被èŠåã瀺ãäŸã§ããã ä¹³å€29AïŒéå¹³æ¿ç¶AgCl98Br2ä¹³å€ïŒ 0.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 骚ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²
ïŒ1.0ééïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ2.0ã«ãPH2.6åã³55âã§
èåãããªãŠã 0.04ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠãå«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠ
ã ã®2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠæº¶æ¶²åã³ç¡é žéã®2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠæº¶
æ¶²ããäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®é床ã§ïŒåé
ïŒäœ¿çšåç¡é žéã®0.9ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ãããæ¬¡ã«ã
åèšããã²ã³åç©åã³é塩溶液ãäºéãžãšããã
çšããŠå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«
3.6åïŒã§çŽ25.2åéã§å ãããïŒå šç¡é žéã®50.5
ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã次ã«ãåèšããã²ã³åç©åã³éå¡©æ°Ž
溶液ãäžå®éåºŠã§æŽã«15.8åéå ãã䜿çšå šç¡é ž
éã®48.9ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ãããå šæ²æŸ±çæã®éãå¡©åç©
ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãäžå®ã«ä¿æããããã®ä¹³å€ã調補ã
ãã®ã«äœ¿çšããéå¡©ã®éã¯çŽ1.15ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã
æ²æŸ±ã«åŒãç¶ãããã®ä¹³å€ãèžçæ°Žäžã«åæ£ã
ããé眮ãããã«ã³ããŒã·ãšã³ãããããŠæ¬¡ã«ã»
ãŒ0.5ã®éªšãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ3.0ééïŒ ïŒäžã«å
æžæ¿ãããããã®ä¹³å€ã®ç²åã¯éå¹³æ¿ç¶ã§å¹³åçŽ
åŸ0.94ÎŒïœã§ãã€ãã ä¹³å€29BïŒå¹³æ¿ç¶AgCl98Br2ä¹³å€ïŒ 0.625ééïŒ ã®TPMAïŒAAïŒMOESïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒãå«ã0.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã
åã³0.26ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®ã¢ããã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²2.0ã«ãPH
2.6åã³55âã§ã0.04ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®èåãããªãŠã
ãå«ã2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液åã³
2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®ç¡é žé氎溶液ãäºéãžãšãããçš
ããŠäžå®é床ã§ïŒåéïŒäœ¿çšå šç¡é žéã®4.2ïŒ ã
æ¶è²»ïŒã§å ãããæ¬¡ã«ãåèšããã²ã³åç©åã³é
塩溶液ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠå éãããæµé
ïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«1.4åïŒã§çŽ19åéïŒäœ¿
çšå šéå¡©ã®95.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ãããå šæ²æŸ±çæ
ã®éãå¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã¯äžå®ã«ä¿æããããã®
ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«çŽ0.72ã¢ã«ã®éå¡©ã䜿çšã
ããæ²æŸ±ã®åŒãç¶ãããã®ä¹³å€ã55âã§2.5æé
æ¹æäžã«ä¿æãããæ¬¡ã«ããã®ä¹³å€ãèžçæ°Žäžã«
忣ãããé眮ãããã«ã³ããŒã·ãšã³ãããããŠ
骚ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ3.0ééïŒ ïŒçŽ0.25äžã«å
æžæ¿ãããã ãã®ä¹³å€ã¯å¹³ååã0.3ÎŒïœãå¹³åçŽåŸ2.8ÎŒïœå
ã³å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯9.3ïŒïŒã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ã
ãã®ã§ãã€ãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å šååšç²åã®æ
æ é¢ç©ã®85ïŒ ãå ããã ä¹³å€29Aãããªãšã¹ãã«ãã€ã«ã æ¯æäœäžã«
3.26ïœéïŒm2åã³11.6ïœãŒã©ãã³ïŒm2ã§è¢«èŠã
ããåæ§ã«ãä¹³å€29Bã3.07ïœéïŒm2åã³11.6ïœ
ãŒã©ãã³ïŒm2ã§è¢«èŠããããããã®äž¡è¢«èŠãæ°Žé
èžæ°ã©ã³ãã«365nïœæ³¢é·ã§ïŒã6.0æ¿åºŠã¹ããã
ã¿ãã¬ããïŒ0.30æ¿åºŠã¹ãããïŒãéããŠïŒç§é
é²å ããããŠïœâã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«
ãµã«ããšãŒãïŒElonïŒïŒç»é²åæšïŒâããããã
ã³çŸåå€äžã«ãããŠ20âã§ïŒåéåŠçããã ã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒå€ã¯ãã®å¹³æ¿ç¶AgClBr
ïŒ98ïŒïŒïŒç²åä¹³å€ãAgClBrïŒ98ïŒïŒïŒã®äžæ¬¡å
ç²åä¹³å€ããé«ã被èŠåãæããããšã瀺ããã
ä¹³å€29Aã®è¢«èŠã¯ïŒžç·è¢å åæã«ãã€ãŠæ±ãããš
ãã96.1ïŒ çŸåããéã«ã€ããŠ1.07ã®Dmaxæ¿åºŠ
ã瀺ãããããããªãããä¹³å€29Bã®è¢«èŠã¯ã»ãŒ
100ïŒ çŸåéã«ã€ããŠ1.37ã®Dmaxæ¿åºŠã瀺ããã
éå¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€ç²åã¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããç²ååœãã®å¹³
åäœç©ãå°ããïŒ0.83ïŒÎŒïœïŒ3察1.85ïŒÎŒïœïŒ3ïŒã
ã€ããçŸåãããéãæãïŒ3.13ïœïŒm2察3.04
ïœïŒm2ïŒããããŠãããã®äž¡è ã®çžéã¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³
å€ã«æ¯èŒããŠéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®è¢«èŠåãå¢å€§ããã
ãäœçšããããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯éå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«æ¯ã¹
ãŠããé«ãDmaxãäžããåŸã€ãŠä¹³å€29Bãã倧
ãã被èŠåãäžããã æ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«åŸã€è£œé ãããæ°èŠãªæŸå°ç·æå¿
æ§åçèŠçŽ ã¯æ§ã ãªåçåéã«ãããç¹æ§ãäžã
ããäŸãã°ãåèšä¹³å€ã¯å€ åçèŠçŽ ã«çµå ¥ãã
å Žåã«ã鮮鿧ãé«ããããšãã§ãããåèšä¹³å€
ã¯æé©ã«ååŠåã³åå 墿ããå Žåã«ããè¯å¥œãª
æåºŠâç²åºŠçžé¢é¢ä¿ã瀺ããåèšä¹³å€ã¯éè²ãç·
è²åã³ïŒåã¯èµ€è²å¢æãããã€åçèŠçŽ äžã«çµå ¥
ããå Žåã«ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®åå 墿é åã«å¯Ÿããæ
床åé¢ãå¢å€§ããã€çŽ«å€ç·æåºŠãé«ãåçèŠçŽ ã
çãããæŽã«åèšä¹³å€ã¯æå€§æ¿åºŠãé«ãããã被
èŠåãé«ãããããç¹æ§ã瀺ããæŽã«ãŸããæ¬çº
æã®ä»å çãªç¹åŸŽã¯ãäŸãã°é®®éæ§ã®å¢å€§ãã¹ã
ã¯ãã«ã®èªç¶åã³åå çã«å¢æãããé åã«ãã
ãæåºŠå颿§ã®å¢å€§ãæåºŠâç²ç¶åºŠã®çžé¢é¢ä¿ã®
æ¹è¯åã³éè²å¢æãããå Žåã®æåºŠãåã¯æåºŠç²
床çžé¢é¢ä¿ã®å¢å€§ãªã©ãå®çŸããããšãã§ããã
æŽã«ãæ¬çºæã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ãæ¯èŒçã¯ãã¹ãªãŒããŒã®
äœæžããã©ãžãªã°ã©ãèŠçŽ ã ããããšãã§ãã
ãŸãé被èŠéïŒããªãã¡ãåäœé¢ç©åœãã®ããã²
ã³åé被èŠéïŒã«å¯ŸããåçæåºŠã®æ§èœæ¯ããã
é«ããå¯èŠè»¢ååã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãéãããã
ãŠå°ãªãçŸåæéã§ããé«ãã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãããã
ã¯è»¢åç»åãäžããç»å転åãã€ã«ã ãŠãããã
äžããããšãã§ããã
åç©å«æããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšã忣åªã®ååš
äžã«æ¥è§ŠãããŠãéã«å¯ŸããŠå°ãªããšã50ã¢ã«ïŒ
ãå¡©åç©ã§ããããã²ã³åç©å«éã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²
ã³åéç²åãçæãããæŸå°ç·ïŒåã¯èŒ»å°ç·ïŒæ
å¿æ§åçä¹³å€ã®è£œæ³ã«é¢ããã (b) åŸæ¥æè¡ æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§å¡©åéãå«ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ç¹å¥ã®å©
ç¹ããããããã®ãšããŠç¥ãããŠãããäŸãã°ã
å¡©åéã¯åçã«æçšãªä»ã®ããã²ã³åéããã¹ã
ã¯ãã«ã®å¯èŠéšåã«å¯Ÿããèªç¶ã®æå æ§ãäœãã
æŽã«ãå¡©åéã¯åçã«æçšãªä»ã®ããã²ã³åéã
ãæº¶è§£æ§ãé«ããåŸã€ãŠçŸååã³å®çãããçã
æéã§éæããããšãã§ããã åçæè¡åéã«ãããŠãå¡©åéã¯ïœ100ïœçµæ¶
é¢ãæããçµæ¶ã圢æããåŸåãéåžžã«åŒ·ãããš
ãè¯ãèªããããŠãããå§åç倧倿°ã®åçä¹³å€
ã«ãããŠãå¡©åéãååšããå Žåã«ã¯å¡©åéã®çµ
æ¶ã¯ç«æ¹ç²åã®åœ¢ç¶ãããŠãããããçšåºŠã®å°é£
ãããã€ãŠããã®å¡©åéã®çµæ¶ç¿æ§ãå€ããããš
ãã§ãããClaesçã¯ãâCyrstal Habit
Modification of AgCl by Impurities
Determining SolvationâãThe Journal of
Photographic Scienceã21å·»ã39ã50é ã1973
幎ã«ãæ§ã ãªç²åæé·æ¹è³ªå€ãçšããŠïœ110ïœå
ã³ïœ111ïœé¢ãæããå¡©åéçµæ¶ã®åœ¢æãæããŠ
ãããWyrschã¯ãâSulfur Sensitization of
Monosized Silver Chloride Emulsions with
ïœ111ïœãïœ110ïœãandïœ100ïœCrystal Habitâã
International Congress of Photographic
Scienceãâ13ã122ã124é ã1978幎ã«ãã¢ã³
ã¢ãã¢åã³å°éã®äºäŸ¡ã®ã«ãããŠã ã€ãªã³ã®ååš
äžã«å¡©åéãæ²æŸ±ãããäžéãžãšããæ²æŸ±ããã»
ã¹ãé瀺ããŠãããã«ãããŠã ã€ãªã³ã®ååšäžã«
ãããŠã¯ãpAgïŒéã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã®è² 察æ°ïŒåã³PH
ã®å¶åŸ¡ã«ãã€ãŠããããããïœ110ïœãïœ111ïœãåã³
ïœ100ïœã«äœçœ®ããç²åé¢ã§è¡šããããè±åäºé¢
äœãå «é¢äœãåã³ç«æ¹äœçµæ¶ç¿æ§ãçæããã å¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åã«ã€ããŠåºãç ç©¶ãããŠãã
ãããããã¯ã»ãšãã©ãã¯ãâãµã€ãºã®ãã®ã§ã
ã€ãŠåçåéã§ã¯å©çšã§ããªããã®ã§ãã€ããã
ãã§å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšã¯ãç²åã®ä»ã®ãããªãåçµæ¶
é¢ãããå®è³ªçã«å€§ããªïŒã€ã®å¹³è¡ãªåã¯å®è³ªäž
å¹³è¡ãªçµæ¶é¢ãæããç²åãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ïŒå³ã¡ãåãã«å¯ŸããçŽåŸã®æ¯çïŒ
ã¯å®è³ªçã«ïŒïŒïŒãã倧ãããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®
å¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åä¹³å€ã¯deCugnacåã³Chateau
ã®âEvolution of the Morphology of Silver
Bromide Crystals During Physical
RipeningâãScience et Industries
Photographiquesã33å·»ãNo.ïŒïŒ1962ïŒã121ã125
é ã«å ±åãããŠããã 1937幎ãã1950幎代ã«ãããŠã€ãŒã¹ããã³ã»ã³
ããã¯ç€Ÿã¯ããŠããªã¿ã€ãºãïŒDuplitizedïŒïŒç»
é²åæšïŒæŸå°ç·åçãã€ã«ã 補åãããŒã»ã¹ã¯ãª
ãŒã³ã»ïŒžç·ã³ãŒã5133ãªãåç§°ã§è²©å£²ããããã®
補åã¯ãã€ã«ã æ¯æäœã®äºãã«å察åŽã®äž»èŠé¢ã«
ç¡«é»å¢æèåéä¹³å€ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°å±€ãå«ããã®ã§
ãã€ãããã®ä¹³å€ã¯ïŒžç·æŸå°ã«é²åºããçºã®ãã®
ã§ãã€ãããåå 墿ãããŠããªãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯çŽïŒãïŒïŒïŒã§ãã€
ãããã®ç²åã¯ããã®ææ é¢ç©ã®50ïŒ ãè¶ ããéš
åãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå ããææ é¢ç©ã®25ïŒ ãè¶ ãã
éšåãéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå ããŠããããããã®ä¹³å€
ã¯äœåãè€è£œãããã¡ã«ãæé«ã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯ãæããä¹³å€ã¯ãå¹³åå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åçŽåŸ2.5ÎŒïœã
å¹³åå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åå0.36ÎŒïœåã³å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ïŒïŒïŒã瀺ãããä»ã®è€è£œä¹³å€ã¯ãããåããã
ãçŽåŸã®å°ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã§ãã€ãŠããã®å¹³åã¢
ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯å°ããã€ãã å¹³æ¿ç¶æ²èåéç²åä¹³å€ã¯åçæ¥çã«ãããŠç¥
ãããŠããããã©ããé«ãå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã瀺
ããã®ã¯ç¥ãããŠããªããå¹³æ¿ç¶æ²èåéç²åã¯
Duffinã®Photographic Emulsion Chemistryã
Focal Pressã1966幎ã66ã72é 䞊ã³ã«Trivelli
åã³Smithã®âThe Effect of Silver Iodide
Upon the Structure of BromoâIodide
Precipitation SeriesâãThe Photographic
JournalãLXXXå·»ã1940å¹ŽïŒæã285ã288é ã«
説æãããŠãããTrivalliåã³Smithã¯æ²åç©ã®
å°å ¥ã«ããç²åãµã€ãºåã³ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®äž¡è ã®
é¡èãªäœæžã芳å¯ããŠãããGutoffâNucleation
and Growth Rates During the Precipitation
of Silver Halide EmulsionsâãPhotographic
Sciences and Engineeringã14å·»ãNo.ïŒã1970
å¹ŽïŒæãïŒæã248ã257é ã«ã¯ãé£ç¶æ²æŸ±è£ 眮ã
çšããŠåäžãžãšããæ²æŸ±çæã«ãã調補ãããã¿
ã€ãã®èåéåã³æ²èåéä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œãå ±åãã
ãŠããã æè¿ãç²åãå¹³æ¿ç¶ïŒå³ã¡ããã®åãã«æ¯èŒã
ãŠå¹³é¢æ¹åã«åºãã€ãŠããç²åïŒã®ããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€ã補é ããç¹å®ã®ããã»ã¹ãåè¡ãããŠã
ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4063951å·ã¯ãïœ100ïœç«æ¹äœé¢ã«
ãã€ãŠèŠå®ããããã€ãpAgã5.0ã7.0ã®ç¯å²å
ã«èª¿ç¯ããäºéãžãšããæ²æŸ±æ³ã«ããã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯ïŒããã§ã¯åãã«å¯Ÿãããšããžé·ã®æ¯ïŒã1.5
ãïŒïŒïŒã§ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ã®ããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ã圢æ
ããããšãæããŠããããã®ç¹èš±ã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºã
ããããã«ãçæããããã²ã³åéç²åã¯æ¹åœ¢å
ã³ç©åœ¢ã®äž»èŠé¢ãïœ100ïœçµæ¶é¢ç¹æ§ã瀺ããè±
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4067739å·ã¯ãçš®æ¶ã圢æããããã²ã³
åéæº¶åªã®ååšäžã«ãªã¹ãã¯ã«ãçæã«ãã€ãŠå
èšç𮿶ã®ãµã€ãºãå¢å€§ãããããããŠpBrïŒèå
ç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã®è² 察æ°ïŒãå¶åŸ¡ããªãããæ žåç
æåã¯ãªããã¯ã«ãçæãè¡ãããšãªãç²åæé·
ãå®äºããããããšã«ãã€ãŠã倧éšåãåæ¶ããª
ããå «é¢äœåã®çµæ¶ã§ããåãµã€ãºã®ããã²ã³å
éä¹³å€ã補é ããããšãæããŠãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4150994å·ãå第4184877å·åã³å第4184878å·ã
è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1570581å·äžŠã³ã«ãã€ãç¹èš±å ¬é第
2905655å·åã³å第2921077å·ã¯ãå°ãªããšã90ã¢
ã«ïŒ ãæ²åç©ã§ããçš®æ¶ãçšããããšã«ãã€ãŠå¹³
ããªåæ¶ããªããå «é¢äœåœ¢ç¶ã®ããã²ã³åéç²å
ã®åœ¢æãæããŠãããç¹ã«æããªãéããããã²
ã³åç©ã®çŸåçã¯ãã¹ãŠå¯Ÿå¿ããä¹³å€ãç²åãå
ã¯ç²åé åã«ååšããéãåºæºãšãããã®ã§ã
ããäŸãã°ã60ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®å¡©åç©ãå«ãå¡©èåéã
ãæãç²åã¯40ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®èåç©ãå«ãã E.Kleinåã³E.Moisarã¯ãBerichte der Bun
sengesellschaftã67å·»ïŒïŒå·ïŒã349ã355é ã
1963幎ã«ãäŸãã°ã¢ããã³ã®ãããªããªã³å¡©åºã
乳倿²æŸ±ã®æ§ã ãªæ®µéã§æ·»å ããå Žåã®å¡©åéã®
ç²åã®æé·ã«åãŒãåŠšå®³å¹æãå ±åããŠãããç±³
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3519426å·ã¯ãäŸãã°ããã©ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ã
ã³ããã³ã¿ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãåã¯ã¢ããã³ã®ãããª
ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã®ååšäžã«æ²æŸ±ãããããšã«ãã€ãŠ
被èŠåã®å¢å€§ããå¡©åéä¹³å€ã®è£œé ãé瀺ããŠã
ãããã¡ããããã®ä»ã®ç¹æ§ã广µãããã®ã§ã
ãã°ããã现ããç²åãµã€ãºã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€
ã®è¢«èŠåã¯ãã倧ããç²åãµã€ãºã®ããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€ã®ãããã倧ããããšãèªããããŠããã åçåéã«ãããŠãçš®ã ã®ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒïŒè§£è
å€ïŒã®ååšäžã«ããã²ã³åéç²åãæ²æŸ±ãããã
ãšãã§ããããšã¯ç¥ãããŠãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3415653å·ã¯ãããã«ã¢ãã³ãšã¢ã¯ãªã«é žã®ã³ã
ãªããŒãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãšããŠäœ¿çšããããšã«ãã€
ãŠãå¹³æ¿ç¶ãå«ãæ§ã ãªåœ¢ç¶ã®æ²èåéç²åãæ²
柱ãããããšãé瀺ããŠãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3692753å·ã¯ãååºåã³å忣ã§ããããã¿ã€ã¶
ãŒãšããŠãäžã€ãçµåã¢ã«ãã«ççŽ ãäžã€ããã
ã¯äºã€ã®ç¡«é»ååã§çœ®æããä»å ã¢ã«ãã«éãå«
ãã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããã¯ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãã§ããã
å°ãªããšãïŒçš®é¡ã®ç°ãªã€ãã¢ãããŒã®å ±éåäœ
ïŒinterpolymerïŒã䜿çšããŠãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3615624å·ã¯ãå¡©åéãè§£è ããã®ã«ãã¢ãã³å
ã¯ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«çž®åæ®æž£ãïŒåã®ã¢ã«ãã«ççŽ åå
ã«çµåããå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ç¡«é»ååãæããæ
æ©ã©ãžã«ã«ãå«ããã¬ã€ã³é žãã¢ã¯ãªã«é žããã
ã¯ã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žã®ã¢ãããããã¯ãšã¹ãã«ã®å埩
åäœãæããç·ç¶ã³ããªããŒã䜿çšããããšãé
瀺ããŠãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3615624å·ã®äŸïŒãšåæ§
ã«ããŠæ²æŸ±ãããäžæ§ã®æ²èåéä¹³å€ã®ããç ç©¶
ã«ãããŠãä¹³å€ã¯ãæ²èåéã®ææ é¢ç©ã®20ïŒ æª
æºãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«ãããã®ã§ãã€ãããšãèªããŠ
ããããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãäœãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®ã
ã®ã§ããããäž»èŠé¢ã®å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ããïŒ211ïŒçµ
æ¶ãã¯ãã«ã«å¹³è¡ãªåšå²ãšããžãæããããã«æ
ãããã (c) çºæã®é瀺 æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãåçåéã§æçšãªãé塩氎溶
æ¶²ãšå¡©åç©å«æããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšã忣åª
ã®ååšäžã«æ¥è§ŠãããŠãéã«å¯ŸããŠå°ãªããšã50
ã¢ã«ïŒ ãå¡©åç©ã§ããããã²ã³åç©å«éã®å¹³æ¿ç¶
ããã²ã³åéç²åãçæãããæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§åç
ä¹³å€ã®è£œæ³ãæäŸããããšã«ããããããæ¹æ³ã«
ããå€å±€åçèŠçŽ ã«å°å ¥ããŠé®®é床ãé«ããé©åœ
ã«ååŠåã³åå 墿ããŠæåºŠïŒã¹ããŒãïŒâç²åºŠ
é¢ä¿ãè¯å¥œã«ããããšãã§ãããããŠéè²ãç·è²
åã³ïŒåã¯èµ€è²å¢æããäžã€åçèŠçŽ ã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸ
ããå Žåã«ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®åå 墿é åã«å¯Ÿããæ
床åã³çŽ«å€ç·æåºŠã«ãããŠå¢å ããå颿§ã瀺ã
åçèŠçŽ ãçæããããšãã§ããæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§å
çä¹³å€ãæäŸãããã ãã®ç®çã¯ãã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³äžŠã³ã«(1)ç·ç¶
ããªããŒéã«ããã¬ã€ã³é žãã¢ã¯ãªã«é žåã¯ã¡ã¿
ã¯ãªã«é žã®ã¢ããåã¯ãšã¹ãã«ã®å埩åäœã§ãã€
ãŠãããããã®ã¢ããåã³ãšã¹ãã«ã«å«ãŸããã
ãããã®ã¢ãã³åã¯ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«çž®åæ®æž£ãäºã€ã®
ã¢ã«ãã«ççŽ ååãçµåããå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ã¹
ã«ãã€ãâç¡«é»ååãæããææ©ã©ãžã«ã«ãå«ã¿
ãã€(2)å°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ä»ã®ãšãã¬ã³ç³»äžé£œåã¢
ãããŒã®åäœãå«ã氎溶æ§ç·ç¶ã³ããªããŒã§ãã
ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®ååšäžã«åèšé塩氎溶液ãšå¡©åç©
嫿ããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãåå¿ãããããšã«ã
ã€ãŠç¹åŸŽã¥ããããåèšããé塩氎溶液ãšå¡©åç©
嫿ããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšã忣åªã®ååšäžã«
æ¥è§ŠãããŠãéã«å¯ŸããŠå°ãªããšã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ãå¡©
åç©ã§ããããã²ã³åç©å«éã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³å
éç²åãçæãããæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§åçä¹³å€ã®è£œæ³
ã«ãã€ãŠéæãããã æ¬çºæã¯ããã²ã³åç©ãäž»ãšããŠå¡©åç©ã§ãã
é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åä¹³å€ã®
è£œé æ³ã«é¢ãããäžã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã§ã¯ããã®ä¹³
å€ã¯åŸæ¥åçåéã«ãããŠç¥ãããŠããªãã€ã圢
ç¶ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ããå¥ã®åœ¢ã«ãããŠãå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã¯ïœ111ïœçµæ¶é¢ã«ãã€ãŠå šäœçã«çµåãã
ãŠããããããŠå¡©åç©åã³èåç©ããã²ã³åç©ã®
çµåãã§åŸæ¥åŸãããŠããã®ãšã¯ç°ãªã€ã圢ç¶ã
æãããäžã€ã®åœ¢ã«ãããŠãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯è€æ°å
ã®ç°ãªã€ãåžçäœçœ®ãäŸããç°ãªã€ãçµæ¶é¢ã«äœ
眮ãã端é¢ïŒãšããžé¢ïŒãå«ã¿ãæ·»å ç©ã®çžéã«
ããåžçäœçœ®ã®ç«¶åãäœæžããããšãã§ãããæ¬
æçްæžã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ããªã
çšèªã¯ãåãã0.5ÎŒïœæªæºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯0.3ÎŒïœæª
æºïŒã§çŽåŸãå°ãªããšã0.6ÎŒïœã®å¡©åç©ãäž»ãã
ããã²ã³åç©ãšããŠå«ã¿ãå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã
ïŒïŒïŒãã倧ãããã€ä¹³å€äžã«ååšããäž»ãšããŠ
å¡©åç©ã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šææ é¢ç©ã®å°ãªã
ãšã50ïŒ ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åã«åºã¥ããã®
ã§ãããããªããšãæãã以äžã«ãããŠè¿°ã¹ãå¹³
åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯åã³ææ é¢ç©ãªãèªã¯ãç¹ã«æã
ãªãéããåæ§ã«å®çŸ©ããããã®ãšããã æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ãã
ã²ã³åéç²åä¹³å€ã¯ãåãã0.5ÎŒïœæªæºïŒå¥œãŸã
ãã¯0.3ÎŒïœæªæºïŒåã³çŽåŸãå°ãªããšã0.6ÎŒïœã®
ããã²ã³åç²åãå°ãªããšã12ïŒïŒã奜é©ã«ã¯å°
ãªããšã20ïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæãããã®
ã§ãããæ¥µããŠé«ãå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ïŒ50ïŒïŒã
100ïŒïŒãåã¯ãã以äžïŒãåŸãããšãã§ããã
æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠããããã®ããã²ã³
åéç²åã¯ããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šææ é¢ç©ã®å°ãª
ããšã70ïŒ ãæé©ã«ã¯å°ãªããšã90ïŒ ãæ§æã
ãã æ¬çºæã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ãããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®
åè¿°ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯åœæ¥è ã«åšç¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠå®¹
æã«ç¢ºãããããšãã§ãããæ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠäœ¿
çšãããã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ããªãçšèªã¯ç²åã®åãã«
察ããç²åã®çŽåŸã®æ¯ãæå³ãããæ¬¡ã«ãç²åã®
ãçŽåŸããªãèªã¯ãä¹³å€ãµã³ãã«ãå é¡åŸ®é¡åã¯
é»åé¡åŸ®é¡ã§èгå¯ããå Žåã®ç²åã®ææ é¢ç©ãšç
ããé¢ç©ãæããåã®çŽåŸãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããä¹³å€
ãµã³ãã«ã®åœ±ã®ããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡åçãããããã
ãã®ç²åã®åãåã³çŽåŸã枬å®ããããšãã§ãã
ãããŠåã0.5ÎŒïœïŒåã¯0.3ÎŒïœïŒæªæºåã³çŽåŸ
0.6ÎŒïœä»¥äžã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãåå®ããããšãã§ã
ãããããããåå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãèš
ç®ããããšãã§ãããããŠåèšåãåã³çŽåŸã®åº
æºã«åèŽãããµã³ãã«ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ãã¹ãŠã®ã¢
ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãå¹³ååããŠãããã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯ãåŸãããšãã§ããããã®å®çŸ©ã«ãã€ãŠãå¹³å
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯åã ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ã®å¹³åã§ããããšãæãããšãªãã§ããããå®é
ã«ã¯ãåã0.3ÎŒïœæªæºã§çŽåŸ0.6ÎŒïœä»¥äžã®å¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã®å¹³ååãåã³å¹³åçŽåŸãæ±ãããããã®äº
ã€ã®å¹³åå€ã®æ¯ãšããŠå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãèšç®ã
ãã®ãäžè¬ã«ã¯ç°¡åã§ãããåã ã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ã®å¹³åå€ãçšããŠå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæ±ããŠãã
ãããã¯åãåã³çŽåŸã®å¹³åãçšããŠå¹³åã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ãæ±ããŠããå¯èœãªç²å枬å®ã®èš±å®¹èª€å·®ç¯
å²å ã«ãããŠãåŸãããå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯å®è³ª
äžå·®ããªããé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«ããããåèšåãåã³
çŽåŸã®åºæºã«åèŽããããã²ã³åéç²åã®ææ é¢
ç©ãšãæ®åããããã²ã³åéç²åã®ææ é¢ç©ãšã
å¥ã ã«å ç®ããããšãã§ãããããŠãããã®äºã€
ã®å ç®å€ããåãåã³çŽåŸã®åºæºã«åèŽããç²å
ã«ãã€ãŠäžããããããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šææ é¢
ç©ã®çŸåçãèšç®ããããšãã§ããã äžã®æž¬å®ã«ãããŠã0.5ÎŒïœïŒåã¯0.3ÎŒïœïŒæªæº
ã®åç §ïŒåã¯åºæºïŒå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²ååãã¯ãåççæ§
質ã®å£ãããåãç²åããç¬ç¹ã®èãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ãåºå¥ããããã«éžå®ãããåç §ç²åçŽåŸ0.6ÎŒïœ
ã¯ãããããçŽåŸãå°ãããšé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«ãããŠ
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšããã€ãåºå¥ããã
ãšãã§ãããšã¯éããªãããã§ãããæ¬æçްæžã«
ãããŠäœ¿çšãããææ é¢ç©ïŒprojected areaïŒã
ã¯åœæ¥çã«ãããŠåºã䜿çšãããŠãããææ é¢ç©
ïŒprojection areaåã¯projective areaïŒããªãçš
èªãšå šãåäžã®æå³ã§ããããããã¯ãäŸãã°ã
Jamesåã³Higginsã®Fundamentals of
Photographic TheoryãMorgan and Morganã
ããŠãŒãšãŒã¯ã15é ãåç §ããããã ããã«å®çŸ©ããããã«ãæ¬çºæã®æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§
åçä¹³å€ã¯äžã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠæ°ãã圢ç¶
ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ãã代衚çãªç²å圢ç¶ã¯ç¬¬ïŒïœ
å³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïœå³ã«æš¡åŒçã«ç€ºããéãã§ãããç²
åïŒïŒïŒã¯ãå³ã«ç€ºãããã«ãçžå¯Ÿããå¹³è¡ãªäž»
èŠé¢ïŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒïŒãæãããé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«ã
ããŠå¹³é¢ãçºãããšãäž»èŠé¢ã¯ç«¯é¢ïŒïŒïŒïœïŒ
ïœïŒïœïŒïœïŒïœ ãåã³ïœã«ãã€ãŠå¢çãããèŠå
çãªå è§åœ¢ãšããŠèŠãããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«ãã
ãŠèŠãåèšç«¯é¢ã¯ãå¹³é¢ç¶ã«èŠãããçµæ¶çç ç©¶
ã«ããã°ãç²åã®äž»èŠé¢ã¯ããããïœ111ïœçµæ¶
é¢ã«äœçœ®ããããšãããã€ãã 第ïŒïœå³ã«ç€ºãïŒ211ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«ïŒïŒïŒïœïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒïœãåã³
ïŒïŒïŒïœã¯äž»èŠé¢ïŒïŒïŒã®å¹³é¢ã«60âã®è§åºŠã§äº€
å·®ããŠãããç²åïŒïŒïŒã«ãããŠãïŒåã®ç«¯é¢ã®
ããããã¯ïŒ211ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«ã®äžã€ã«å¹³è¡ã«
äœçœ®ããŠããããã«ç€ºãããŠããã端é¢ïŒïŒïŒïœ
åã³ïŒïŒïŒïœã¯ãã¯ãã«ïŒïŒïŒã«å¹³è¡ã«äœçœ®ãã
端é¢ïŒïŒïŒïœåã³ïŒïŒïŒïœã¯ãã¯ãã«ïŒïŒïŒã«å¹³
è¡ã«äœçœ®ãããããŠç«¯é¢ïŒïŒïŒïœ åã³ïŒïŒïŒïœã¯
ãã¯ãã«ïŒïŒïŒã«å¯Ÿãå¹³è¡ã«äœçœ®ããããããã®
端é¢ã¯ïœ110ïœçµæ¶é¢ã«äœçœ®ãããšæãããå Žå
ã«ãã€ãŠã¯å¥ã«æå®ãããïœ220ïœçµæ¶é¢ã«äœçœ®
ãããšæãããã æ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠèŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ç¬ç¹ã®
çµæ¶æ§é ã¯æ·»ä»ãã第ïŒïœå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïœå³ãåç §
ããããšã«ãã€ãŠäžå±€æããã«ããããšãã§ãã
ããã«ã¯ç°ãªã€ããããããããæ°ããæ¹æ³ã«ã
ã€ãŠè£œé ãã代衚çãªå¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéã®å¶åŸ¡ããç²
åãæš¡åŒçã«ç€ºãããŠãããçµæ¶çç ç©¶ã«ãã
ã°ãäž»èŠé¢ïŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒïŒã®ã¿ãªããã端é¢ïŒ
ïŒïŒãïœ111ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ããŠããããšã瀺
åãããããã®ç«¯é¢ã¯å¹³é¢ç¶ã«ã¯èŠããªããããª
ãã¡ãé¢åã³ãšããžã®é 眮ã«ã€ããŠèšãã°ãå¶åŸ¡
ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéç²åã¯èåéåã³æ²èåéã®
å¹³æ¿ç¶åã³ã·ãŒãç¶çµæ¶ã®å€ãã®çºè¡šãããç ç©¶
ã«ããããã®ãšåæ§ã«èŠãããå¹³é¢ã§æãããªã
ãã«ããããã®ç²åã¯èŠåæ£ããå è§åœ¢ãšããŠã¯
èªããããªãããããããããã®ç²åã¯å žåçãª
äžèŠåãªå è§åœ¢ã§ããããããŠããã·ãŠç·ã«ãã€
ãŠç€ºãããŠããããã«è£æããç蟺äžè§åœ¢ãšããŠ
芳å¯ããããšãã§ãããçµæ¶åŠçç ç©¶ããã¿ã
ãšã60床ã®è§åºŠã§äº€å·®ããïŒ211ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«
ïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒïœãåã³ïŒïŒïŒïœã®ãããããšããžïŒïŒïŒã«å¯Ÿ
ããŠå¹³è¡ã§ãªãããã«èŠããããã®ããã«ãæ¬æ
现æžã«ãããŠèŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ç«¯é¢ã¯å¶åŸ¡ã
ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å䞊ã³ã«åæ§ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶èåéåã³æ²è
åéç²åã®ç«¯é¢ã«æ¯èŒããŠãçµæ¶æ Œåã«å¯ŸããŠ30
âå転ããããã«èŠãããšãã§ããã èŠåçãªå è§åœ¢ãšããŠé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«èŠããå¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åãæ¬çºæã«åŸã€ãŠè£œé ããããšãã§ãã
ãããã®ä»ã®åšå²åœ¢ç¶ã®ãã®ã補é ããã€èгå¯ã
ãããããã¯ãäŸãã°ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç²åïŒïŒïŒãšããŠ
æš¡åŒçã«ç€ºãéãã§ããããããã®ç²åã¯ãïŒå
ã®ãšããžãæãããããã«ãïŒåã®ãšããžïŒïŒïŒ
ïœãšïŒåã®ãšããžïŒïŒïŒïœãšã亀äºã«è¡šãããã
ãªãã¡åèš12åã®ãšããžãæããããã«èŠããã
ãã®ããã«å¹³é¢å³ã§èŠãæã«ããããã®ç²åã¯å
äºè§åœ¢ãšããŠèŠãããšãã§ãããããã·ãŠç·ã«ã
ã€ãŠç€ºãããŠããããã«ãïŒåã®è¿œå ã®ãšããžã¯
ãã®æé·ã®æçµæ®µéã«ãããŠå è§åœ¢äžã®ç²åã®è£
æã«ãã€ãŠåŸããããã®ãšæããããåã¯èŠåç
ãªå€è§åœ¢ã®ãšããžã®æ°ãç¡éã«å°éããå Žåã«èŠ
ãããšãã§ããã®ã§ãå è§åœ¢ãããæŽã«å€§ãã床
åã®åäºè§åœ¢ãé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«ãããŠäžå±€äžžãèŠã
ãã®ã¯ãç¹ã«ãããã®ãšããžã®äº€å·®ç¹ã«ãããŠäž
局䞞ãèŠããã®ã¯é©ãã«å€ããªããæ¬æçްæžã«ã
ããŠèŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯äžã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ã
ããŠéåžžã«ã¯ã€ããããèŠåçãªå è§åœ¢åœ¢ç¶ãã
ã®å¹³åŠãªãšããžéšåã容æã«ã¯èŠèŠçã«åºå¥ã§ã
ãªãã»ãšãã©åç¶ã®åœ¢ç¶ã䞊ã³ã«ãããã®äžéã®
圢ç¶ãå«ãããšãã§ãããæ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠèŠå®
ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãã®äžã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠ
åå Žåã«ãã®äž»èŠé¢ã®äžã€ã®å¹³é¢ã«ãããïŒ211
ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«ã«å¹³è¡ãªå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ãšããž
ãæãããã®ãšããŠç¹åŸŽã¥ããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«åŸã€ãŠè£œé ãããå¡©åç©å«æå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åä¹³å€ã¯ã圢æããã圢ã§ã忣åªã®äžéšãšã
ãŠã以äžã«è¿°ã¹ãã¿ã€ãã®ããªãšãŒãã«çµåãå«
ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãå«ãããã®ããªãšãŒãã«çµåå«
æããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã¯ä¹³å€äžã«ãããŠå šééåœãçŽ
0.1ã10ééïŒ ã®æ¿åºŠã§æ²æŸ±çæã®çµãã«ååšã
ãããã®ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã¯ç²åã®æ²æŸ±ãèµ·ãåå¿å®¹
åšäžã«åœåããå®å šã«ååšããããšãã§ãããŸã
åå¿å®¹åšäžã«éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ãšäžç·ã«åäž
ãããã¯å¥ã®ãžãšãããéããŠå«ãŸããããšãã§
ããããã ããå°ãªããšãæå°ã®æ¿åºŠã¯æåã®æ ž
çæåã³åŒãç¶ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®æé·ã®éã«åå¿å®¹
åšäžã«ååšããå¿ èŠããããåå¿å®¹åšäžã«ããã
ããªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®æ¿åºŠã¯åå¿
容åšã®å 容ç©ã®å šééåœãã0.3ãïŒééïŒ ãæ
é©ã«ã¯0.5ã2.0ééïŒ ã®ç¯å²ã§ååšããã®ã奜ãŸ
ãããæ²æŸ±äžãåã¯å¥œãŸããã¯æ²æŸ±åŸãåèšããª
ãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãä»»æã®äžè¬çãª
ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãšäžç·ã«è£å ããŠå šééåœãçŽ10é
éïŒ ãŸã§ã®å šããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒæ¿åºŠãšããããšãã§ã
ããããªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã¯å°ãªã
ãšãéšåçã«å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®è¡šé¢ã«åžçããããã
ãŠãã®ååšäžã«ä¹³å€ãäžæŠåœ¢æããããšå®¹æã«ã¯
å®å šã«çœ®ãæããããªããããã§ããä¹³å€ãå®å š
ã«åœ¢æãããåŸãäžè¬çãªæŽæµæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠãã
ã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®æ¿åºŠãæžå°ããããæçµä¹³å€äžã«ãã
ãå ã®ããªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãéåžž
ã«å°éïŒããååšããå Žåã«ã¯ïŒæ®åãããããš
ãã§ããã ããªãšãŒãã«çµåãå«ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãšããŠã¯
äžã«åŒçšããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3615624å·åã³å第
3692753å·ã«é瀺ããããã®ããããããšãã§ã
ãããããã®ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã¯ã(1)ç·ç¶ããªããŒé
ã«ããã¬ã€ã³é žãã¢ã¯ãªã«é žåã¯ã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žã®
ã¢ããåã¯ãšã¹ãã«ã®å埩åäœã§ãã€ãŠãããã
ãã®ã¢ããåã³ãšã¹ãã«ã«å«ãŸããããããã®ã¢
ãã³åã¯ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«çž®åæ®æž£ãå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®
ã¹ã«ãã€ãâç¡«é»ååãçµåããäºã€ã®ã¢ã«ãã«
ççŽ ååãæããææ©ã©ãžã«ã«ãå«ã¿ãã€(2)å°ãª
ããšãäžã€ã®ä»ã®ãšãã¬ã³ç³»äžé£œåã¢ãããŒã®å
äœãå«ã氎溶æ§ç·ç¶ã³ããªããŒã§ãããåŸè ã®ç¹°
ãè¿ãåäœã¯ã代衚çã«ã¯ãæ²æŸ±æã®PHæ°Žæºã§ã¢
ãããŒã«æ°Žæº¶æ§ãäžããããšã®ã§ããå°ãªããšã
äžã€ã®åºãå«ããäŸãã°ãåèšåäœã¯ãã¹ã«ãã³
é žåã¯ã¹ã«ãã³é žå¡©çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¹ã«ãã€ã
âç¡«é»ååãçµåããäºã€ã®ã¢ã«ãã«ççŽ ååã
å«ãããªãšãŒãã«åºã«çœ®ãããã€ã以å€ã¯ãåèš
å埩åäœ(1)ãšåæ§ã®ãã®ãšããããšãã§ãããã
ã®ã¿ã€ãã®åäœã¯æŽã«ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3615624å·ã«é
瀺ãããŠãããããªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿å埩åäœ
ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®çŽ2.5ã35ã¢ã«
ïŒ ã§ããã æ¬æçްæžã«èŠå®ããå¡©åç©å«æå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ã
ãªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®äžååšäžã«ã¯
圢æãããªããæŽã«ãåèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ããªãšãŒ
ãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®ååšäžã«ãããŠãã
å°éã®çµæ¶æ¹è³ªå€ãååšããªãéã圢æãããª
ãã以äžã«ä¹³å€28ã«é¢ããŠã詳现ã«èª¬æãããã
ã«ãããå Žåã«ã¯ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ä¹³å€ã¯æ²åç©ãçµæ¶æ¹è³ªå€ãšããå Žåã«ãåŸãã
ãšãã§ãããã奜ãŸããçµæ¶æ¹è³ªå€ã¯ã¢ããã¢ã¶
ã€ã³ãã³ã§ãããæ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠèŠå®ãããã¢
ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã¯ãç°çœ®æäœãšããŠãã¢ããçª
çŽ ååã®ãšããã§ç°ã«çµåããã¢ããåºãæãã
ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãèšããäžè¬çã«çè§£ãããŠããã
ãã«ãã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã¯ã€ã³ãã³ã®è³éŠæç°æ§é ã
æããååç©ã§ãããããã®ç°ççŽ ååã®äžã€å
ã¯ãã以äžãçªçŽ ååã«ãã€ãŠçœ®ãæããããã
ã®ã§ããããã®ãããªååç©ãç¹ã«ïŒåãïŒåã®
ççŽ ååãçªçŽ ååã«ãã€ãŠçœ®ãæããããåå
ç©ã¯ãåçä¹³å€ã«ãããŠãç²åæé·æ¹è³ªå€ãã«ã
ãªé²æ¢å€åã³å®å®å€ãšããŠæçšã§ããããšãèªã
ãããŠãããæ¬çºæã®å®æœã«éã䜿çšããã®ã«ç¹
ã«å¥œãŸããã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã¯ãäŸãã°ã¢ãã
ã³åã³ã°ã¢ãã³ã®ããã«ãå Žåã«ãã€ãŠã¯ã¢ãã
ããªã³ãšãåŒã°ãããããã©ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã®ç°ç
çŽ ååã«çµåããäžçŽã¢ãã眮æåºãæãããã®
ã§ãããã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã¯ç²åæé·æ¹è³ªéãš
ããŠäžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããŠããéã§äœ¿çšããããšã
ã§ããããéïŒã¢ã«åœã10-3ã¢ã«çšåºŠã®éåžžã«å°
ãªãæ¿åºŠã§æå¹ã§ãããæçšãªæ¿åºŠã¯éïŒã¢ã«åœ
ã0.1ã¢ã«çšåºŠã®é«ãç¯å²ã®éãšããããšãã§ã
ããäžè¬ã«å¥œãŸããã®ã¯ãããã²ã³åéã®æ²æŸ±å·¥
çšã«ãããŠãåå¿åšäžã«éïŒã¢ã«åœãçŽ0.5Ã
10-2ãïŒÃ10-2ã¢ã«ã®ã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³éãç¶
æããããšã§ãããåçä¹³å€ã«ãããŠå®å®å€ãšã
ãŠæçšã§ãããšç¥ãããŠããç¹å®ã®ã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€
ã³ãã³ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2444605å·ãå第2743181å·
åã³å第2772146å·ã«äŸç€ºãããŠãããä¹³å€ãäž
æŠåœ¢æããããšãã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã¯ãã¯ãå¿
èŠã§ã¯ãªãããå žåçã«ã¯å°ãªããšããã®äžéšã
ç²å衚é¢ã«åžçããŠæ®åãããããã²ã³åéç²å
衚é¢ã«åŒ·ãèŠªåæ§ã瀺ãååç©ãäŸãã°åå 墿
è²çŽ ãã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã«çœ®ãæããããšãã§
ããããã«ãã€ãŠã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãä¹³å€ããæŽæµã«
ãã€ãŠå®è³ªäžå®å šã«é€å»ããããšãã§ããã ã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³åã³ããªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿
ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã¯äžç·ã«äœçšããŠææã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ã®æ§è³ªãäžãããã®ãšæããããããå Žåã«ã¯ã
ç²å圢æã®åææ®µéã«ãããŠå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ïœ111ïœ
äž»èŠçµæ¶é¢ã®ã¿ãªããïœ111ïœãšããžãæããã
ãšãèªãããããæ²æŸ±ãé²è¡ããã«åŸã€ãŠãåäº
é¢äœäž»èŠçµæ¶é¢ãžã®è»¢ç§»ãèªãããããæåŸã«ã
æ²æŸ±ãæŽã«é²è¡ãããšãèŠåçãªå é¢äœïœ111ïœ
äž»èŠçµæ¶é¢åã³ïœ110ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ãããšã
ãžã瀺ããã®ãšæããããäž»èŠè¡šé¢ã®äžã€ã®å¹³é¢
ã«äœçœ®ããïŒ211ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«ã«å¹³è¡ãªåšèŸºã®
ãšããžãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãçæããããšãã§ã
ãã æ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠåŸãããåèšããç¬ç¹ã®ç¹
城ãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãçæããçè«ã«ãã€ãŠæ¬
çºæãéå®ããã€ããã¯ç¹ã«ãªãããæ¬çºæè ã
ã¯ã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãåçææ®µéã«ãããŠ
ïœ111ïœçµæ¶é¢ã®çæãããããããããäž»ããå¡©
åç©ç²åã«åœ±é¿ãåãŒããã®ãšæããæ¬¡ã«ããã®
ïœ111ïœçµæ¶é¢ã¯ãåŸæ¥å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã圢æãããã®
ãšããŠã¿ãªãããŠããäºéåæ¶å¹³é¢ã圢æããã
ãã®ãšæããããªãšãŒãã«çµåãå«ãããã¿ã€ã¶
ãŒã¯ããã®åŸãç²åã®æé·æ®µéã«ãããŠãäžã«èг
å¯ããç¬ç¹ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ãšããžãçãã転移ã
åŒãèµ·ããã®ãšæãããããã®ç²åæé·æ©æ§ã®è
ãã¯ç²åã®çš®ã ãªæé·æ®µéã§ç²åã芳å¯ããã€ã¢
ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã®æ°Žæºã調ç¯ããããšã«ãã€ãŠ
確èªãããã®ã§ãããã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã®æ¿åºŠ
ãå¢å€§ããããšãïœ111ïœçµæ¶ãšããžãæããåå
ã«æºè¶³ãã¹ãç²åãåŸãããããåèšããç¬ç¹ã®
ç²åãšããžã®çæãé å»¶ããããããŠããå Žåã«
ã¯æé€ãããã æ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠèŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãåœ
åå¡©åç©ä»¥å€ã®ããã²ã³åç©ãååšãããªãã§æ²
柱ããããå Žåã«ã¯ãçæããç²åã®äžå€®é åã¯
èåç©åã³æ²åç©ã®ãããããå®è³ªäžå«ãŸããã
ããŠäž»èŠè¡šé¢ã®äžã€ã®å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ããäžã€ããã
ã¯ãã以äžã®ïŒ211ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«ã«å¹³è¡ã«äœçœ®
ããäžã€ãããã¯ãã以äžã®ç²åãšããžã®ååšã
ããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãä»ã®ç²åããåºå¥ã
ãã®ã«å¥œéœåãªä»å çãªæ§é ã®å·®ãäžããã æ¬æçްæžã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å°ãªããšãäž
倮é åã¯éã«å¯Ÿãå°ãªããšã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®å¡©åç©ãš
ããããšãã§ããããæŽã«å®è³ªéã®ãèåç©åã³
æ²åç©ã®å°ãªããšãäžã€ãå«ãããšãã§ãããè
åç©åã³ïŒåã¯æ²åç©ãååšããå Žåã«ã¯éåžžå°
ãªããšãçŽ0.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®æ¿åºŠã§ååšããããéèŠ
ãªåçäœçšã¯0.05ã¢ã«ïŒ çšåºŠã®äœãæ¿åºŠã®èåç©
åã³ïŒåã¯æ²åç©ã§éæããããšãã§ããã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯çŽ10ã¢ã«ïŒ ãŸã§ã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒã¢
ã«ïŒ ãŸã§ãæé©ã«ã¯ïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ãŸã§ã®æ²åç©ãå«ã
ããšãã§ãããå¡©åç©åã³æ²åç©ã®ä»ã«ããã²ã³
åç©ãå«ãå Žåã«ã¯èåç©ãå«ãããšãã§ããã
æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãé
ã«å¯Ÿãã75ã¢ã«ïŒ ããå€ãéã®å¡©åç©ãæé©ã«ã¯
90ã¢ã«ïŒ ããå€ãéã®å¡©åç©ãå«ããå®è³ªäžå¡©å
éãããªãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå¯èœã§ããããããŠå¡©å
éä¹³å€ãäžè¬çã«äœ¿çšããçšéã«ãããŠã¯ç¹ã«å¥œ
é©ã§ãããå®è³ªéã®èåç©åã³ïŒåã¯æ²åç©ãå¹³
æ¿åœ¢ç¶ã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒãããšãªãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«çµ
ã¿èŸŒãããšãã§ããããã«ãã€ãŠæ§ã ãªããã²ã³
åç©ãå¿ èŠãšããçš®ã ã®åççšéã«ããè¯å¥œã«äœ¿
çšããããšãã§ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãäŸããããšãã§
ããã®ã¯æ¬çºæã®ç¹å¥ã®å©çã§ããã ä¹³å€ã®æ²æŸ±ã®æåã®æç¹ã§ãåè¿°ã®ããã¿ã€ã¶
ãŒåã³çµæ¶æ¹è³ªå€ãå«ã忣åªã®å°ãªããšãäžéš
ãæå¹ãªæ¹ææ©æ§ãå«ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«ååšãã
ããå žåçã«ã¯ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«æåã«å°å ¥ããã
忣åªã¯ãç²åæ²æŸ±ã®çµãã«ä¹³å€äžã«ååšããå
æ£åªã®å šééåœããå°ãªããšãçŽ10ééïŒ ã奜ãŸ
ããã¯20ã100ééïŒ ã§ããããã©ã³ã¹ç¹èš±ç¬¬
2471620å·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã«ã®ãŒç¹èš±ç¬¬886645å·ã«
æããããŠããããã«ã忣åªã¯ç²åã®æ²æŸ±äžã«
é倿¿Ÿéã«ãã€ãŠåå¿å®¹åšããé€å»ããããšãã§
ããã®ã§ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«åœåååšããã忣åªã®
容ç©ã¯ç²åæ²æŸ±ã®çµãã«åå¿å®¹åšã«ååšããä¹³å€
ã®å®¹ç©ãšçããããããšãã§ãããããã¯ä¹³å€ã®
容ç©ããå€ãããããšãããã§ãããåå¿å®¹åšäž
ã«æåã«å°å ¥ããã忣åªã¯ãæ°Žåã¯ããã¿ã€ã¶
ãŒãæ°Žã«åæ£ãããåæ£æ¶²ã§ãããå Žåã«ãã€ãŠ
ã¯ä»¥äžã«æŽã«è©³ãã説æããããã«ãäžçš®ããã
ã¯ãã以äžã®ããã²ã³åéçæå€åã³ïŒåã¯éå±
ããŒãå€ã®ãããªå¥ã®é åæåãå«ããã®ã§ãã€
ãŠããããããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãæåã«ååšããå Žåã«
ã¯ãæ²æŸ±ã®çµç¹ã«ãããŠååšããå šããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒ
ã®éã®å°ãªããšã10ïŒ ãæŽã«å¥œãŸããã¯å°ãªããš
ã20ïŒ ã®æ¿åºŠã§äœ¿çšããã®ã奜ãŸããã远å ã®å
æ£åªã¯ãåå¿å®¹åšã«éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ãšäžç·
ã«å ãããããããŠå¥ã®ãžãšãããéããŠå°å ¥ã
ãããšãã§ãããåèšå¡©ã®å°å ¥å®äºåŸã忣åªã®
æ¯çã調ç¯ããããšãç¹ã«ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®æ¯çã
å¢å ãããããšã¯äžè¬çã«è¡ãªãããæ¹æ³ã§ã
ãã æ²æŸ±äžã®åå¿å®¹åšå ã®PHã¯äžæ§ã«å¯ŸããŠé žæ§åŽ
ã«ä¿æãããæé©PHæ°Žæºã¯æ²æŸ±ã®ããã«éžã°ãã
æé·æ¹è³ªå€åã³æž©åºŠã«ãã€ãŠåœ±é¿ãåããã20ã
90âã®ç¯å²ã®æž©åºŠå ã«ãããŠã¯ãPHå€ã¯ïŒã5.0
ã®ç¯å²å ã§ãããæ²æŸ±ã¯çŽ2.5ã3.5ã®ç¯å²ã®PHå€
åã³40ã90âã®æž©åºŠç¯å²ã«ãããŠå®æœããã®ã奜
ãŸãããæ²æŸ±æäœäžãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³
æ¿åºŠãå¶åŸ¡ãããäžè¬çã«æçšãªãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®
å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã¯ãçŽ0.1ã5.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã§ã
ãã奜ãŸããå¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã¯çŽ0.5ã3.0ã¢ã«
æ¿åºŠã§ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸãããã®ä»ã®
ããã²ã³åç©ã®æ¯çã¯å°å ¥ãããä»ã®ããã²ã³å
ç©å¡©ã«å¯Ÿããå¡©åç©ã®æ¯çã調ç¯ããããšã«ãã€
ãŠå¶åŸ¡ããããšãã§ãããåå¿å®¹åšäžã®ããã²ã³
åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã¯pAgãæž¬å®ããããšã«ãã€ãŠç£
èŠããããšãã§ããã ããã²ã³åç©ãäž»ãšããŠå¡©åç©ã§ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åãæ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠäžæŠåœ¢æããããšãä»ã®
ããã²ã³åç©ã¯åœæ¥è ã«åšç¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠåèš
ç²åäžã«çµã¿èŸŒãããšãã§ãããéå¡©ã·ãšã«ã圢
æããæè¡ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3367778å·ãå第
3206313å·ãå第3317322å·ãå第3917485å·åã³
å第4150994å·ã«ç€ºãããŠãããäžè¬çãªã·ãšã«
åæ¹æ³ã¯é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã圢æãã
ããã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãã·ãšã«ã®æé·ãé²ãã«
åŸã€ãŠä¹³å€ã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯æžå°ãããå¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åã®åœ¢æã«å¥œãŸããæ¡ä»¶ãã·ãšã«ã®åœ¢ææã«
åå¿å®¹åšã«ååšããå Žåã«ã¯ãã·ãšã«ã®æé·ã¯ç²
åã®å€åŽãšããžäžã«åªå çã«èµ·ããã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ã®äœäžãèµ·ããªãããã«ããããšãã§ãããå¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åã¯ãã³ã¢ç²åãšããŠäœ¿çšãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ã«æ¯èŒããŠåŸãããã³ã¢âã·ãšã«ç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ãå¿ ç¶çã«æžå°ãããããšãªãã·ãšã«åãã
ããšãã§ãããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®ã³ã¢âã·ãšã«å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯çŽæ¥å転ç»åãçæãããã®ã«äœ¿
çšããããã«è£œé ããããšãã§ããã å¡©åéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã圢æãããåŸãããã²ã³å
ç©åã³éå¡©ã®äž¡æ¹ãå ããããšã«ãã€ãŠãå ã®ç²
åã¯ãã®ãŸãŸæ®åãããã远å ã®ããã²ã³åéã®
ä»çã®ããã®æ žãšããŠäœçšãããéãšåå¿ããŠå¡©
åéããæº¶è§£åºŠã®å°ãªãéå¡©ãçæããããšãã§
ããå¡©ãäŸãã°ããªã·ã¢ããŒããèåç©åã³ïŒå
ã¯æ²åç©å¡©ããéå¡©ãæ·»å ããããšãªããäž»ãšã
ãŠå¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åç©ç²åãå«ãä¹³å€ã«å ããå Žåã«
ã¯ããããã®å¡©ã¯çµæ¶æ§é äžã®å¡©åç©ãšçœ®ãæã
ãã§ãããããã®çœ®ãæãã¯çµæ¶è¡šé¢ã«ãããŠå§
ãŸããç²åã®å éšã«é²è¡ãããå¡©åéçµæ¶æ Œåã«
ãããå¡©åç©ã€ãªã³ã®èåç©ã€ãªã³ã«ãã眮æã
ãããŠå Žåã«ãã€ãŠã¯å°éå²åã®æ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã«
ãã眮æã¯ããç¥ãããŠããéãã§ããããã®ã
ããªä¹³å€ã¯åçæ¥çã«ãããŠããã²ã³åç©å€æã
ãã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãšåŒã°ããŠããããã®ãããªãã
ã²ã³åç©å€æä¹³å€åã³ãã®äœ¿çšæè¡ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2456953å·ãå第2592250å·ãå第2756148å·åã³
å第3622318å·ã«ç€ºãããŠãããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠ
ã¯ã20ã¢ã«ïŒ æªæºã奜ãŸããã¯10ã¢ã«ïŒ æªæºã®ã
ãã²ã³åç©ã眮æã®ããã«å°å ¥ããã眮æãé«ã¬
ãã«ã®å Žåã«ã¯ãç²åã®å¹³æ¿åœ¢ç¶ãåè§£ããå Žå
ã«ãã€ãŠã¯ç Žå£ãããããã®ããã«ãèåç©å
ã³ïŒåã¯æ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã®ç²å衚é¢åã¯ãã®è¿åã«
ãããå¡©åç©ã€ãªã³ãšã®çœ®æãå¯èœã§ããããå
éšæœå圢æç²åã補é ããæã«äžè¬çã«è¡ãªãã
ãŠããããã«ãå€éã®ããã²ã³åç©å€æã¯ããã§
ã¯èæ ®ããŠããªãã ããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéç²åã®åœ¢æã«é
ããæ°Žåæ£åªã¯äžè¬çãªããã²ã³åéåå¿å®¹åšã«
è£ å ¥ããããåå¿å®¹åšå ã®åæ£åªã®PHåã³pAgã¯
æ¬çºæã«åŸã€ãæ²æŸ±æ¡ä»¶ãæºè¶³ãããã調ç¯ãã
ããæ¬çºæã®å®æœã«éã䜿çšããããšãã§ãã
pAgã®ç¯å²ã¯å¹³è¡¡ç¹ïŒéåã³ããã²ã³åç©ã€ãªã³
ã®æ¿åºŠãååŠéè«éçã«çãããªãpAgïŒã®ãã
ã²ã³åç©åŽã«ããã®ã§ãå¡©åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãæåã«
pAgã調ç¯ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããããã®åŸãé塩氎溶
æ¶²åã³å¡©åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãåæã«åå¿å®¹åšã«å ¥ã
ããåå¿å®¹åšå ã®pAgã¯ãäžè¬çãªæž¬å®æè¡ã«ã
ã€ãŠãã€éåã³å¡©åç©å¡©æº¶æ¶²ã®çžå¯Ÿçãªæµéã調
ç¯ããããšã«ãã€ãŠææã®ç¯å²å ã«ä¿æãããäž
è¬çãªæ€ç¥æè¡ãçšããŠãåå¿å®¹åšã®PHãç£èŠã
ãããããŠéåã³å¡©åç©å¡©ãå°å ¥ããªãããå¡©åº
ã®æ·»å ã«ãã€ãŠæå®ã®ç¯å²å ã«ä¿æãããããã²
ã³åéæ²æŸ±æäœäžã®pAgåã³PHã®å¶åŸ¡è£ 眮åã³äº
å®ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3031304å·åã³å第3821002å·äžŠã³
ã«Claesåã³Peelaersã®Photographische
Korrespondenzã103å·»ã161é ïŒ1967幎ïŒã«é瀺
ãããŠãããããã«ãããŠäœ¿çšããpAgãpBrå
ã³PHãªãçšèªã¯ããããããéãèçŽ åã³æ°ŽçŽ ã€
ãªã³æ¿åºŠã®è² 察æ°ïŒå¯Ÿæ°ã®éæ°ïŒãšããŠå®çŸ©ãã
ããã®ã§ããã åã ã®éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ã¯ãCulhaneçã®
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3821002å·ãOlverã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3031304å·åã³Claesçã®Photographische
Korrespondenzããã³ã102ãã³ãã1967幎11æ
10æ¥ã162é ã«ç€ºãããŠããããã«ãéåäŸçµŠå
ã¯éãåºãé床䞊ã³ã«åå¿å®¹åšå 容ç©ã®PHåã³ïŒ
ãããã¯pAgãå¶åŸ¡ããããã®éãåºãè£ çœ®ã«ã
ã€ãŠã衚é¢åã¯å å±€é¢äŸçµŠç®¡ã«ãã€ãŠåå¿å®¹åšã«
å ããããšãã§ãããåå¿å®¹åšå ã«åå¿äœãè¿ é
ã«ååžãããããã«ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2996287å·ã
å第3342605å·ãå第3415650å·ãå第3785777å·ã
å第4147551å·ãå第4171224å·ãè±åœç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬
2022431Aå·ããã€ãç¹èš±å ¬é第2555364å·åã³å
第2556885å·ã䞊ã³ã«Research Disclosureã166
å·»ã1978å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®16662ã«ç€ºãããŠãããã
ã«ãç¹å¥ã«æ§æãããæ··åè£ çœ®ã䜿çšããããšã
ã§ãããResearch Disclosureåã³ãã®ååè¡
ç©ãProduct Licensing Indexã¯Industrial
Opportunities Ltd.ïŒHomewellãHavantïŒ
HampshireãP09 1EFãè±åœãã®åè¡ç©ã§ããã ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããæ²æŸ±çææ¹æ³ã¯ãæäœäžã«éåã³
ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ã®å°å ¥é床ãå¢å€§ãããããšã«ã
ã€ãŠæ²æŸ±æéãççž®ãããæ¹æ³ã§ãããéåã³ã
ãã²ã³åç©å¡©ã®å°å ¥é床ã¯ã忣åªäžŠã³ã«éåã³
ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ãå°å ¥ããé床ãå¢å€§ãããããš
ã«ãã€ãŠéããããšãã§ãããããŸãå°å ¥ããå
æ£åªäžã®éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ¿åºŠãé«ããããš
ã«ãã€ãŠéãããããšãã§ãããéåã³ããã²ã³
åç©å¡©ã®å°å ¥é床ãéãããã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸãã
ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3650757å·ãå3672900å·åã³å
4242445å·ããã€ãå ¬éå ¬å ±2107118å·ããšãŒãã
ãç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬80102242å·äžŠã³ã«Weyã®âGrowth
Mechanism of AgBr Crystals in Gelatin
SolutionâãPhotographic Science and
Engineeringã21å·»ãïŒå·ã1977å¹ŽïŒæïŒïŒæã
14é 以éã«æããããŠããããã«ãå°å ¥éåºŠãæ°
ããç²åæ žã®çæãèµ·ããããéçæ°Žæºæªæºã«ä¿
æããããšãããªãã¡åæ žçæãåé¿ããã®ãç¹
ã«å¥œãŸãããçŽ30ïŒ æªæºã®å€åä¿æ°ãæããä¹³å€
ã¯æ¬çºæããã»ã¹ã調補ããããšãã§ããããã
ã§äœ¿çšãããå€åä¿æ°ããªãçšèªã¯ç²åçŽåŸã®æš
æºåå·®ãå¹³åç²åçŽåŸã§é€ããå€ã®100åãšããŠ
å®çŸ©ãããæ²æŸ±æé·æ®µéã«ãããŠãåæ žçæãæ
å³çã«è¡ãªãããããšã«ãã€ãŠãå®è³ªçã«ããé«
ãå€åä¿æ°ãæããå€åæ£ä¹³å€ã補é ããããšã
ã§ããããšã¯èšããŸã§ããªããäžã«ç¹ã«è¿°ã¹ã以
å€ã«ãããã²ã³åç©å«éãäž»ãšããŠå¡©åç©ã§ãã
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã調補ããæ¹æ³ã¯æ§ã ãªäžè¬çãª
圢ããšãããšãã§ãããé塩氎溶液ã¯ç¡é žéã®ã
ããªå¯æº¶æ§éå¡©ã䜿çšããããšãã§ããäžæ¹ãã
ã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã¯äžçš®ãããã¯ãã以äžã®æ°Žæº¶
æ§ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ïŒäŸãã°ãªããŠ
ã ããããªãŠã ãããã¯ã«ãªãŠã ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãª
åé¡éå±ïŒäŸãã°ãã°ãã·ãŠã ãããã¯ã«ã«ã·ãŠ
ã ïŒã®ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ã䜿çšããããšãã§ããã
éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã¯ãåºãæ¿åºŠãšãã
ããšãã§ããäŸãã°0.2ã7.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠåã¯ããã
ãé«ãæ¿åºŠã§äœ¿çšããããšãã§ããã éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«è£ å ¥ãã
ä»ã«ãããã²ã³åéæ²æŸ±ã®éçšã§åå¿å®¹åšäžã«å
åšãããšæçšã§ããæ§ã ãªååç©ãç¥ãããŠã
ããäŸãã°ãé ãã¿ãªãŠã ãéããã¹ãã¹ãã«ã
ããŠã ãäºéãäžéã®ã«ã«ã³ã²ã³ïŒããªãã¡ç¡«
é»ãã»ã¬ã³åã³ãã«ã«ïŒãéåã³ç¬¬æã®è²Žéå±
ã®ãããªéå±ã®ååç©ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®æ²æŸ±
ã®éçšã§äœãæ¿åºŠã§ååšãããããšãã§ãããã
ã®ããšã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1195432å·ãå第1951933å·ã
å第2448060å·ãå第2628167å·ãå第2950972å·ã
å第3488709å·ãå第3737313å·ãå第3772031å·
åã³å第4269927å·äžŠã³ã«Research Disclosureã
134å·»ã1975å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®13452ã«äŸç€ºãããŠã
ãããããã®éå±ããŒãå€ã®å¡©åéç²åäžã«ãã
ãååžã¯ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®éå±ååç©ã®äœçœ®ãéžå®
ããããšã«ãã€ãŠããããã¯éåã³å¡©åç©å¡©ã®å°
å ¥ã®éçšã§æ·»å ã®èª¿ç¯ãè¡ãããšã«ãã€ãŠå¶åŸ¡ã
ãããšãã§ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯Moisarçã®
Journal of Photographic Scienceã25å·»ã1977
幎ã19ã27é ã«ç€ºãããŠããããã«ããŠãæ²æŸ±ã®
éçšã«ãããŠå éšçã«éå 墿ããããããšãã§
ããã å¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéç²åä¹³å€ãçæããããã«éãã
忣åªã¯åå¿å®¹åšäžã«æåã«å«ãŸããŠããã奜ãŸ
ãã圢ã«ãããŠã忣åªã¯ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®æ°Žæžæ¿
æ¶²ãããªããããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒæ¿åºŠã¯ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®
乳倿åã®å šééã«å¯Ÿãã0.2ãçŽ10ééïŒ ãšã
ãããšãã§ãããããã²ã³åéã®çæååã³çæ
äžã«ãããŠãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®æ¿åºŠã
å šééã«å¯ŸãçŽïŒïŒ æªæºã«ä¿æãããããŠæé©ã®
ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ç¹æ§ãåŸãããããã«åŸãã远å ã®
ããã¯ã«ãæ·»å ããããšã«ãã€ãŠä¹³å€ããã¯ã«æ¿
床ãé«ã調ç¯ããã®ãäžè¬çãªæ¹æ³ã§ãããæå
ã«åœ¢æãããä¹³å€ã¯ããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœãçŽïŒ
ã50ïœã奜ãŸããã¯çŽ2.5ã30ïœã®ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒ
ãå«ããæ·»å ãããããã¯ã«ã¯åŸããå ããŠãã
ã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœã1000ïœãšããé«ãå€ã®æ¿åºŠãŸ
ã§ã«ããããšãã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯ãæçµä¹³å€äž
ã®ããã¯ã«æ¿åºŠã¯ããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœã50ïœã
ã倧ã§ãããåçèŠçŽ ã®è£œé æã«è¢«èŠåã³ä¹Ÿç¥ã
ãéãããã¯ã«ã¯ä¹³å€å±€ã®çŽ30ã70ééïŒ ãå ã
ãã®ã奜ãŸããã åè¿°ã®ããªãšãŒãã«çµåãå«ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®
ã»ãã«ãããã¯ã«ïŒãã€ã³ããŒåã³ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒ
ã®äž¡è ãå«ãïŒã¯ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œã«åžžçš
ããããã®ã®äžããéžã¶ããšãã§ããã奜ãŸãã
ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã¯èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã§ãã€ãŠãããã
ã¯åç¬ã§æãã¯çæ°Žæ§ç©è³ªãšçµåãããŠçšããã
ãšãã§ãããé©åœãªèŠªæ°Žæ§ããã¯ããšããŠã¯ãè
çœè³ªãèçœè³ªèªå°äœãäŸãã°ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãšã¹ãã«
ã®ãããªã»ã«ããŒã¹èªå°äœãäŸãã°ã¢ã«ã«ãªåŠç
ãŒã©ãã³ïŒç骚åã¯ç®é©ãŒã©ãã³ïŒåã¯é žåŠçãŒ
ã©ãã³ïŒè±ç®ãŒã©ãã³ïŒã®ãããªãŒã©ãã³ãäŸã
ã°ã¢ã»ãã«åãŒã©ãã³åã³ãã¿ã«åãŒã©ãã³ã®ã
ããªãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœã®åŠãç©è³ªãããããããã
ããã®ããã¯ã«åã³ãã®ä»ã®ããã¯ã«ã¯
Research Disclosureã176å·»ã1978幎12æãé
ç®17643ãç« ã«èšèŒãããŠãããç¹ã«èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³
ãã€ããå«ãããã¯ã«ç©è³ªåã³ãããšå ±ã«çšããŠ
æçšãªçæ°Žæ§ç©è³ªã¯ãåçèŠçŽ ã®ä¹³å€å±€äžã®ã¿ãª
ãããäžå¡å±€ãäžéå±€åã³ä¹³å€å±€äžã«äœçœ®ããå±€
ã®ãããªä»ã®å±€äžã«äœ¿çšããããšãã§ããã åèšä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œéçšã§ç²åã®çæãèµ·ããåŸ
ããå¡©åéã¯ããã®é«æ°Žæºã®æº¶è§£æ§ã®æ ã«ãçæ
å€ã®äžååšã«ãã€ãŠä»ã®ããã²ã³åéãããã®åœ±
é¿ãåããçšåºŠãå°ãªããçæãä¿é²ããã®ã«æ¢
ç¥ã®ããã²ã³åéæº¶åªãæçšã§ãããäŸãã°ãç
æå€ã¯éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ãæ·»å ããåã«åå¿
容åšäžã®åæ£åªäžã«å šéå«ãŸããŠããããšãã§ã
ããããããã¯ïŒãããã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®ããã²ã³åç©
å¡©ãéå¡©åã¯ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãå ããã®ãšäžçš®ã«å
å¿å®¹åšäžã«å°å ¥ããããšãã§ãããå¥ã®å€åœ¢æ æ§
ãšããŠãçæå€ãããã²ã³åç©å¡©åã³éå¡©æ·»å æ®µ
éã§ç¬ç«ã«å°å ¥ããããšãã§ãããçæå€ã¯å¥ã®
段éã§éåã³ããã²ã³åç©å¡©ã®å°å ¥ã«ç¶ããŠå°å ¥
ããããšãã§ããã æ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠèŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãæŽæµããŠå¯æº¶æ§å¡©
ãé€å»ããããã®å¯æº¶æ§å¡©ã¯ãäŸãã°ã
Research Disclosureã176å·»ã1978幎12æãé
ç®17643ãç« ã«ç€ºãããŠããããã«ããã«ã³ã
ãŒã·ãšã³ã濟éãåã³ïŒåã¯æ¥å·æ²éåã³æµžåºã®
ãããªå ¬ç¥æè¡ã«ãã€ãŠé€å»ããããšãã§ããã
æ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãæ²æŸ±ã®å®äºåŸå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ç
æãçµäºããéã«æŽæµãè¡ãã®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®
åãã®å¢å€§ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®äœæžåã³ïŒåã¯çŽåŸ
ã®é床ã®å¢å€§ãåé¿ããã®ãç¹ã«æå©ã§ãããå¢
æå€ãå«ãåã¯å«ãŸãªãä¹³å€ã¯ä¹Ÿç¥ããã€äœ¿çšã«
å ç«ã€ãŠè²¯èµããããšãã§ããã äžè¿°ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åèª¿è£œæ¹æ³ã«åŸã
ã°ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã«å¯Ÿããåãåã³çŽåŸã®åºæºã
æºè¶³ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå šããã²ã³åéç²åã®åèš
ææ é¢ç©ã®å°ãªããšã50ïŒ ãå ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã調補ããããšãã§ãããã
ãã®ãããªå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å²åãå¢å€§ããããšã«ã
ã€ãŠæŽã«å¥ã®å©ç¹ãéæãããããšãèªããã
ããåãåã³çŽåŸã®åºæºãæºè¶³ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²
ã³åéç²åãå šææ é¢ç©ã®å°ãªããšã70ïŒ ïŒæé©
ã«ã¯å°ãªããšã90ïŒ ïŒãå ããããšã奜ãŸããã
å°éã®éå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãååšããŠãå€ãã®åççšé
åéã§ã¯å šãåé¡ãèµ·ããããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å©ç¹
ãå®å šã«åŸãããããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å²åãå¢å€§ã
ãããšãã§ããã倧ããªå¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²å
ã¯ãåžžçšãããå颿è¡ãäŸãã°é å¿åé¢åã¯ã
ã€ãããµã€ã¯ãã³ãçšããŠç²åæ··åç©äžã®å°ããª
éå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããæ©æ¢°çã«åé¢ããããšãã§ã
ãããã€ãããµã€ã¯ãã³ã«ããåé¢ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3326641å·ã«æç€ºãããŠããã æ¬æçްæžã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ã
ãã²ã³åéç²åä¹³å€ã¯ååŠçã«å¢æããããšãã§
ãããããªãã¡ãåèšä¹³å€ã¯ãThe Theory of
the Photographic Processã第ïŒçã
Macmillanã1977幎ã67ã76é ã«èšèŒãããã
ãã«æŽ»æ§ãŒã©ãã³ãçšããŠååŠå¢æããããšãã§
ãããããŸãResearch Disclosureã120å·»ã
1974å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®12008ãResearch Disclosureã
134å·»ã1975å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®13452ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
1623499å·ãå第1673522å·ãå第2399083å·ãå
第2642361å·ãå第3297447å·åã³å第3297446å·ã
è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1315755å·ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3772031å·ãå
第3761267å·ãå第3857711å·ãå第3565633å·ã
å第3901714å·åã³å第3904415å·äžŠã³ã«è±åœç¹èš±
第1396696å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«ãpAg5ã10ãPH
ïŒãïŒåã³æž©åºŠ30ã80âã«ãããŠãç¡«é»ãã»ã¬
ã³ããã«ã«ãéãçœéããã©ãžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠ
ã ããªã¹ããŠã ãããžãŠã ãã¬ããŠã ãããã¯ç
墿å€åã¯ãããã®è€æ°ã®çµåããçšããŠååŠå¢
æããããšãã§ãããååŠå¢æã¯ãå Žåã«ãã€ãŠ
ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2642361å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«ã
ãªã·ã¢ããŒãååç©ã®ååšäžã«ããŸãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2521926å·ãå第3021215å·åã³å第4054457å·ã«
èšèŒãããã¿ã€ãã®ç¡«é»å«æååç©ã®ååšäžã«è¡
ãªããããååŠå¢æã¯ãä»äžãïŒååŠå¢æïŒæ¹è³ª
å€ãããªãã¡ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãã¢ã¶ããªããžã³ãã¢
ã¶ããªããžã³ããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã å¡©ã䞊ã³ã«äž
ãããã¯ãã以äžã®è€çŽ ç°æ žãæãã墿å€ã®ã
ãã«ãååŠå¢æã®éçšã§ã«ããªãæå¶ããã€æåºŠ
ãå¢å€§ãããã®ãšããŠç¥ãããååç©ã®ååšäžã«
宿œããããšãã§ãããä»äžãæ¹è³ªå€ã®äŸã¯ãç±³
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2131038å·ãå第3411914å·ãå第
3554757å·ãå第3565631å·åã³å第3901714å·ã
ã«ããç¹èš±ç¬¬778723å·åã³Duffinã®
Photographic Emulsion ChemistryãFocal
PressïŒ1966ïŒãããŠãŒãšãŒã¯ã138ã143é ã«èšèŒ
ãããŠãããååŠå¢æã«å ããŠãåã¯ãã®ä»£ã
ã«ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3891446å·åã³å第3984249å·ã«èš
èŒãããããã«ãäŸãã°æ°ŽçŽ ãçšããŠéå 墿ã
ãããšãã§ãããããŸãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2983609å·ã
Oftedahlçã®Research Disclosureã136å·»ã
1975å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®13654ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2518698å·ã
å第2739060å·ãå第2743182å·ãå第2743183å·ã
å第3026203å·åã³å第3361564å·ã«èšèŒãããã
ãã«ãå¡©å第äžé«ãäºé žåããªå°¿çŽ ãããªã¢ãã³
åã³ã¢ãã³ãã©ã³ã®ãããªéå å€ãçšããŠãåã¯
äœpAgïŒäŸãã°ïŒæªæºïŒåã³ïŒåã¯é«PHïŒäŸãã°
ïŒãã倧ïŒåŠçã«ãã€ãŠéå 墿ããããšãã§ã
ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3917485å·åã³å第3966476å·ã«èš
èŒãããå å±€é¢å¢æãå«ã衚é¢ååŠå¢æãè¡ãã
ãšãã§ããã ååŠå¢æã«å ããŠãæ¬çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®
å¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéç²åä¹³å€ã¯ãåå 墿ããããšãã§
ãããå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®éåã³ãã€ãã¹éïŒããª
ãã¡ç·åã³èµ€ïŒéšåã«åžå極倧ã瀺ãåå 墿è²
çŽ ãçšããããšãã§ãããå ããŠãç¹å¥ã®å©çšå
éã§ã¯ãåå 墿è²çŽ ãçšããŠãå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«
ãè¶ããåå å¿çæ§ãæ¹è¯ããããšãã§ãããäŸ
ãã°ãèµ€å€åžååå 墿å€ã®äœ¿çšãå¯èœã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã¯çš®ã ã®è²çŽ ãçšããŠåå 墿ã
ãããšãã§ãããçšããããè²çŽ ã«ã¯ãã·ã¢ã
ã³ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³ãé¯ã·ã¢ãã³åã³é¯ã¡ãã·ã¢ã
ã³ïŒããªãã¡ãããªâãããã©âåã³å€âæ žãã¢
ãã³åã³ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³ïŒããªããœããŒã«ããããª
ããœããŒã«ãã¹ããªã«ãã¡ãã¹ããªã«åã³ã¹ãã¬
ããã·ã¢ãã³ãå«ãããªã¡ãã³è²çŽ ãå«ãŸããã ã·ã¢ãã³åå 墿è²çŽ ã«ã¯ããããªããŠã ãã
ãªãžããŠã ãã€ãœãããªããŠã ã3Hâã€ã³ããª
ãŠã ããã³ããïœ ãã€ã³ããªãŠã ããªããµãŸãªãŠ
ã ããªããµãŸãªããŠã ããã¢ãŸãªãŠã ããã¢ãŸãª
ããŠã ãã»ã¬ããŸãªãŠã ãã»ã¬ããŸãªããŠã ãã€
ãããŸãªãŠã ãã€ãããŸãªããŠã ããã³ãŸããµãŸ
ãªããŠã ããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ããã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸ
ãªãŠã ããã³ãã€ãããŸãªãŠã ããããããµãŸãª
ãŠã ãããããã¢ãŸãªãŠã ããããã»ã¬ããŸãªãŠ
ã ããžãããããããã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããªãªãŠã å
ã³ã€ãããŸãã©ãžããŠã 第åçŽå¡©ããå°ãããã
ããªãã¡ãã³çµåã«ãã€ãŠçµåãããäºã€ã®å¡©åº
æ§è€çŽ ç°æ žãå«ãŸããã ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³åå 墿è²çŽ ã«ã¯ããã«ãããŒã«
é žãïŒâããªãã«ãããŒã«é žãããŒããã³ããã
ã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâããªããã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâããªãã
ã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâãã©ãŸãªã³âïŒâãªã³ãïŒâã€ãœ
ããµãŸãªã³âïŒâãªã³ãã€ã³ãã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãª
ã³ãã·ã¯ããããµã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³ãïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžãªããµã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³ããã©ãŸãªã³âïŒïŒ
ïŒâãžãªã³ããã³ã¿ã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³ãã¢ã«ã
ã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ããããªã«ãããããããªã«ã
ã€ãœãããªã³âïŒâãªã³åã³ã¯ããã³âïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžãªã³ããèªå°ããããããªé žæ§æ žãšã·ã¢ãã³æ
æåã®å¡©åºæ§è€çŽ ç°æ žãšãã¡ãã³çµåã«ããçµå
ããããã®ãå«ãã äžåã¯ãã以äžã®åå 墿è²çŽ ãçšããããšã
ã§ãããå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«å šäœã«äºãæ³¢é·ã«æå€§æ
床ãæããã€éåžžã«ãã©ãšãã€ã«å¯ãåå æåºŠæ²
ç·åœ¢ç¶ãæããè²çŽ ãç¥ãããŠãããè²çŽ ã®éžæ
åã³çžå¯Ÿçãªå²åã¯å¢æãæãŸããŠããã¹ãã¯ã
ã«ã®é å䞊ã³ã«æãŸããŠããåå æåºŠæ²ç·ã®åœ¢ç¶
ã«äŸåãããéè€ããåå æåºŠæ²ç·ãæããè²çŽ
ã¯ããã°ãã°ãéè€é åã®ããããã®æ³¢é·ã«ãã
ãæåºŠãåã ã®è²çŽ ã®æåºŠã®åãšã»ãŒçããçµå
ããããåœ¢ã®æ²ç·ã瀺ããåŸã€ãŠãç°ãªãæå€§æ
床ãæããè€æ°ã®è²çŽ ãçµåãããŠçšããããšã«
ãã€ãŠãåã ã®è²çŽ ã®æå€§æåºŠã®äžéã«æå€§å€ã
æããåå æåºŠæ²ç·ãåŸãããšãã§ããã è€æ°ã®åå 墿è²çŽ ãçµåãã䜿çšããããšã
ã§ããããã«ãã€ãŠè¶ 墿ãããªãã¡ãããåå
é åã«ãããŠããããã®åå 墿è²çŽ ã®äžæ¹ãå
ç¬ã§ãããªãæ¿åºŠã«ãããŠçšããå Žåããã倧ã
ãããŸããããã®åå 墿ææã®å æç广ã«ç±
æ¥ãã墿ããã倧ããªåå 墿ãéæãããã
è¶ å¢æã¯ãåå 墿è²çŽ äžŠã³ã«ä»ã®æ·»å å€ïŒäŸã
ã°å®å®å€åã³ã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€åã¯æå¶
å€ãã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°å©å€ãè¢å å¢çœå€åã³åž¯é»é²æ¢
å€ïŒã®éžã°ããçµåããã«ãã€ãŠéæããããè¶
墿ã®åå ãšãªãåŸãããã€ãã®æ©æ¢°åã³ååç©
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãããããPhotographic Science
and Engineeringã18å·»ã1974幎ã418ã430é ã
Gilmanã®âReview of the Mechanisms of
Supersensitizationâã«èšèŒãããŠããã åå 墿è²çŽ ã¯ãŸãä»ã®æ¹æ³ã§ä¹³å€ã«åœ±é¿ãäž
ããããŸããåå 墿è²çŽ ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2131038å·åã³å第3930860å·ã«é瀺ããããã
ã«ãããã²ã³å容äœåã¯é»åå容äœãã«ããªé²æ¢
å€åã¯å®å®å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€åã¯æå¶å€ãšããŠäœçš
ããã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯å¢æããã®ã«æçšãªåå å¢
æå€ã®äžã«ã¯Research Disclosureã176å·»ã
1978幎12æãé ç®177643ãç« ã«èšèŒããããã®
ãããã éå¹³æ¿ç¶åã¯äœã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³
åéç²åãå«ãä¹³å€ãåå 墿ããã®ã«åžžçšãã
ãéã®è²çŽ ãçšããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®å®å š
ãªå©ç¹ãããããããã«ãæé©éïŒããªãã¡ãã
ãåŸãé²å æ¡ä»¶äžã«ç²åããéæãåŸãæå€§åç
æåºŠã®å°ãªããšã60ïŒ ãéæããã«ååãªéïŒã®
åå 墿è²çŽ ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ã®ç²å衚é¢ã«åžçããããããšãæãŸããã䜿çš
ããè²çŽ ã®éã¯ãçšããç¹å®ã®è²çŽ ãããã¯éžã°
ããè²çŽ ã®çµåãã䞊ã³ã«ç²åã®å€§ããåã³ã¢ã¹
ãã¯ãæ¯ã«åºã¥ããŠå€ããã§ããããæé©ã®åå
墿ãã衚é¢å¢æããã²ã³åéç²åã®å©çšå¯èœãª
åèšè¡šé¢ç©ã®çŽ25ã100ïŒ ãããã¯ãã以äžã«çž
åœããååå局被èŠéã«ãããŠææ©è²çŽ ãçšãã
å Žåã«éæãããããšã¯åçæè¡åéã«ãããŠç¥
ãããŠãããããªãã¡ããã®ããšã¯äŸãã°ã
Westçã®âThe Adsorption of Sensitizing
Dyes in Photographic EmulsionsâãJournal
of Phys.ChemïŒã56å·»ã1065é ã1952幎ïŒ
Spenceçã®âDesensitization of Sensitizing
DyesâãJournal of Physical and Colloid
Chemistryã56å·»ãïŒå·ã1948å¹ŽïŒæã1090ã
1103é ïŒåã³ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3979213å·ã«èšèŒãããŠ
ãããæé©ã®è²çŽ æ¿åºŠæ°Žæºã¯Meesã®Theory of
the Photographic Processã1942幎ã
Macmillanã1067ã1069é ã«æç€ºãããŠããæ¹
æ³ã«ãã€ãŠéžå®ããããšãã§ããã åå 墿ã¯ãåŸæ¥æçšã§ãããšç¥ãããŠããä¹³
å€èª¿è£œã®ä»»æã®æ®µéã«ãããŠè¡ãªãããšãã§ã
ããæãäžè¬çã«ã¯ãåå 墿ã¯ååŠå¢æã®å®äº
ã«åŒãç¶ãè¡ãªããããããããªãããç±³åœç¹èš±
第3628960å·åã³å第4225666å·ã«æç€ºããããã
ã«ãåå 墿ã¯ååŠå¢æãšåæã«è¡ãããšãã§
ãããŸãååŠå¢æã«å šãå ç«ã€ãŠè¡ãªãããšãã§
ããæŽã«ããã²ã³åéç²åã®æ²æŸ±ã®å®äºã«å ç«ã€
ãŠéå§ããããšããã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4225666
å·ã«æããããŠããããã«ãåå 墿è²çŽ ã®äžéš
ãååŠå¢æã«å ç«ã€ãŠååšãããããããŠæ®éšã
ååŠå¢æåŸã«å°å ¥ãããããåå 墿è²çŽ ã®ä¹³å€
ãžã®å°å ¥ãåããŠè¡ãªãããšãã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±
第4225666å·ãšã¯ç°ãªã€ãŠãããã²ã³åéã®80ïŒ
ãæ²æŸ±ããåŸã«ãåå 墿è²çŽ ãä¹³å€ã«å ããã
ãšãã§ãããååŠåã³ïŒåã¯åå 墿ã®éçšã§ã
埪ç°ãå«ãpAg調ç¯ã«ãã€ãŠå¢æãé«ããããšã
ã§ãããpAg調ç¯ã®ç¹å®ã®äŸã¯Research
Disclosureã181å·»ã1979å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®18155ã«ç€º
ãããŠããã äžã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠãåå 墿å€ã¯ååŠ
墿ã«å ç«ã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã«çµã¿å ¥ããããšã
ã§ããããŸããããå Žåã«ã¯ãä»äžãæ¹è³ªå€ã®ã
ããªä»ã®åžçæ§ç©è³ªãååŠå¢æã«å ç«ã€ãŠä¹³å€äž
ã«å°å ¥ããããšã«ãã€ãŠãåæ§ãªçµæãéããã
ãã åžçæ§ç©è³ªãäºãå°å ¥ããããšãšã¯å¥ã«ãäžã§
åŒçšããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2642361å·ã«æç€ºãããŠãã
ããã«ãååŠå¢æã®éçšã§éã«å¯ŸããŠçŽïŒÃ10-3
ãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ã®æ¿åºŠã§ããªã·ã¢ããŒãã䜿çšããã®
ã奜ãŸãããååŠå¢æã®éçšã§ä»ã®çæå€ã䜿çš
ããããšãã§ããã äžã§è¿°ã¹ãäžæ¹åã¯äž¡æ¹ã®ã¢ãããŒããšçµåã
ããŠããããã¯ãããšã¯å¥åã«å®æœããããšãã§
ãã第ïŒã®ã¢ãããŒãã«ãããŠã¯ãååŠå¢æã®çŽ
ååã¯ååŠå¢æäžã«ååšããéåã³ïŒåã¯ããã²
ã³åç©å¡©ã®æ¿åºŠã調ç¯ããã®ã奜ãŸãããé ¢é ž
éãããªãã«ãªãé ¢é žéåã³ç¡é žéã®ãããªå¯æº¶
æ§éå¡©ããããªã·ã¢ã³é žéããªã³é žéãçé žéã®
ãããªç²å衚é¢äžã«æ²æŸ±ããããšãã§ããéå¡©ãš
å ±ã«ãå°å ¥ããããšãã§ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å衚é¢äž
ã«ãªã¹ãã¯ã«ãçæããããšãã§ããã埮现ãªã
ãã²ã³åéç²åïŒããªãã¡ãèåéãæ²åéå
ã³ïŒåã¯å¡©åéç²åïŒãå°å ¥ããããšãã§ããã
äŸãã°ããªãããã³ä¹³å€ãååŠå¢æã®éçšã§å°å ¥
ããããšãã§ãããæŽã«ãåå 墿ããé«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®ååŠå¢æã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åã®äžã€åã¯ãã以äžã®æå®ã®é¢ããäœçœ®ã§éæ
ããããšãã§ãããäžã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠã
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®äž»èŠé¢ã圢æããçµæ¶è¡šé¢äžã«åå
墿è²çŽ ãåªå çã«åžçããããšã«ãã€ãŠå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã®éžå®ãããçµæ¶è¡šé¢ã«ãããŠååŠå¢æãèµ·
ãããšãå¯èœã«ãªãã ãã¹ãŠã®å©ç¹ãéæããããã«å¿ ãããå¿ èŠã§
ã¯ãªãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã¯ä»£è¡šçãªå®çšç補
é æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠæé©ã«ååŠåã³åå 墿ããããã
ãªãã¡ããããã®å¢æã«ãã€ãŠãå¯èœãªäœ¿çšåã³
åŠçæ¡ä»¶äžã«å¢æã¹ãã¯ãã«é åã«ãããŠããã
ã®ç²åããéæãããæå€§logæåºŠã®å°ãªããšã
60ïŒ ã«çžåœããæåºŠãéæããããããã§logæ
床ãšã¯100ïŒïŒâlog ïŒãæå³ãããã®åŒã«ãã
ãŠïŒ¥ã¯ã«ããªäž0.3ã®æ¿åºŠã«ãããŠã¡ãŒãã«âã
ã€ã³ãã«âç§ã§è¡šç€ºããé²å éã§ãããä¹³å€å±€äž
ã®ããã²ã³åéç²åãäžæŠç¹åŸŽã¥ãããªãã°ãã
ãçæç©ã®ä¹³å€å±€ãä»ã®è£œé è ã®å¹æµãåŸãåå
ã«é¢ããŠæé©ã«ååŠåã³åå 墿ãããŠãããåŠ
ãã¯æŽã«è£œååæåã³æ§èœè©äŸ¡ãè¡ãããšã«ãã
倿ããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®é®®éæ§ã®å©ç¹ã
éæããããã«ã¯ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãååŠçå
ã¯åå çã«å¹ççåã¯éå¹ççã«å¢æããããã
éèŠã§ã¯ãªãã äžè¿°ã®ããã«ãäžæŠé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åä¹³å€ãæ²æŸ±çææ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠçæããããæŽæµ
ãã墿ãããªãã°ãåžžçšãããåççšæ·»å å€ã
é åããããšã«ãããããã®èª¿è£œãå®äºããããš
ãã§ããããããŠããããã¯éåãçæãã¹ãå
çå¿çšåéãäŸãã°ãéåžžã®é»çœåçã«å¿çšãã
ããšãã§ããã ããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ãçšããŠéåã圢æããã
ãåçèŠçŽ ã¯ãåŠçã®éã«è¿œå ã®ç¡¬èå€ãé åã
ãå¿ èŠããªãçšåºŠã«åå硬èåããããšãã§ã
ãããã®ç¡¬èåã«ãã€ãŠãåæ§ã«ç¡¬èåããã€åŠ
çãããéå¹³æ¿ç¶åã¯é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã§ãªãå¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãçšããåçèŠçŽ ãšæ¯èŒããŠé被èŠå
ãå¢å€§ããããšãã§ãããç¹ã«ãé»çœåçèŠçŽ ã®
é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€åã³ãã®ä»ã®èŠª
æ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ãããããã®å±€ã®èšæœ€åºŠã200ïŒ
æªæºã«äœæžããã«ååãªçšåºŠç¡¬èåããããšãã§
ãããããã§ãèšæœ€åºŠïŒ ã¯ã(a)åçèŠçŽ ã38âå
ã³çžå¯Ÿæ¹¿åºŠ50ïŒ ã«ãããŠïŒæ¥éã€ã³ããŠããŒã
ãã(b)å±€ã®åããæž¬å®ãã(c)åçèŠçŽ ã21âã®èž
çæ°Žäžã«ïŒåéæµžæŒ¬ããæ¬¡ãã§(d)å±€ã®åãã®å€å
ãæž¬å®ããããšã«ããæ±ãããããéåã圢æã
ãããåçèŠçŽ ãåŠçæ¶²äžã«ç¡¬èå€ãé åããå¿
èŠããªãçšåºŠã«ç¡¬èåããããšã¯ç¹ã«æãŸããã
ãã©ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã®ç¡¬èåã®çšåºŠã¯åžžçš
ãããä»»æã®æ°Žæºã§ãã€ãŠãããæŽã«ãåŠçæ¶²äž
ã«ç¡¬èå€ãé åããããšãå¯èœã§ããããã®ããš
ã¯ãç¹ã«ã©ãžãªã°ã©ãã€ãŒææã®åŠçã«é¢ããŠã§
ã¯ããããäŸãã°Research Disclosureã184å·»ã
1979å¹ŽïŒæãé ç®18431ãé ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æçšãªä»£è¡šçé å硬èå€ïŒå硬èå€ïŒã¯
Research Disclosureã176å·»ã1978幎12æãé
ç®17643ãç« ã«èšèŒãããŠãããResearch
Disclosurïœ ã176å·»ã1978幎12æãã¢ã€ãã
17643ãç« ã«èšèŒãããããã«ãå®å®å€ãã«ã
ãªé²æ¢å€ããã³ã¯é²æ¢å€ãæœåå®å®å€åã³åæ§ãª
æ·»å å€ãå¡åžåã«ä¹³å€åã³é£æ¥å±€ã«æ··å ¥ããããš
ã«ããããã¬åä¹³å€è¢«èã«ãããæå°æ¿åºŠïŒå³ã¡
ã«ããªïŒãå¢å€§ããåã¯çŽæ¥ããžåä¹³å€è¢«èã«ã
ããæå°æ¿åºŠãå¢å€§ãããããã¯æå€§æ¿åºŠãäœæž
ããããäžå®å®æ§ããè§£æŸããããšãã§ãããC.
E.K.MeesãThe Theory of the Photographic
Processã第ïŒçãMacmillanã1954幎ã677ã
680é ã«èšèŒãããããã«ãä¹³å€ã«æå¹ãªã«ããª
鲿¢å€ã®å€ãã¯ãŸãçŸåå€ã«é åããããšãã§
ãããŸãïŒãïŒã®äžè¬çãªèŠåºãã®ããšã«åé¡ã
ãããšãã§ããã ã¢ã«ãããåã®ç¡¬èå€ã䜿çšããå Žåã«ã¯ãä¹³
å€å±€ã¯äžè¬çãªã«ããªé²æ¢å€ã§ä¿è·ããããšãã§
ããã 墿å€ã硬èå€ã䞊ã³ã«ã«ããªé²æ¢å€åã³å®å®
å€ã®ä»ã«çš®ã ã®ä»ã®åžžçšãããåççšæ·»å å€ãå
åšãããããšãã§ããã䜿çšããæ·»å å€ã®å ·äœç
ãªéžå®ã¯åçå©çšåéã«ãããç¹æ§ã«äŸåããåœ
æ¥è ãªãã°å®¹æã«è¡ãããšãã§ãããçš®ã ã®æçš
ãªæ·»å å€ã¯ãResearch Disclosureã176å·»ã
1978幎12æãé ç®17643ã«èšèŒãããŠãããåã
æç®ã®é ç®17643ãç« ã«èšèŒãããããã«è¢å
å¢çœå€ãé åããããšãã§ããããŸããåãæç®
ã®ç« ã«èšèŒãããããã«ãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€å
ã³åçèŠçŽ ã®å¥ã ã®å±€äžã«åžåæ§åã³æ£ä¹±æ§ç©è³ª
ãçšããããšãã§ããããŸããXIç« ã«èšèŒããã
ããã«ãã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°å©å€ãããããŠXIIç« ã«èšèŒ
ãããããã«ãå¯å¡å€åã³æ»å€ãååšãããããš
ãã§ãããç« ã«èšèŒãããããã«åž¯é»é²æ¢å±€
ãååšãããããšãã§ãããæ·»å ç©ã®æ·»å æ¹æ³ã¯
ç« ã«èšèŒãããŠãããç« ã«èšèŒãããã
ãã«è¶æ¶å€ãé åããããšãã§ãããææãªã
ã°ãç« åã³XIã«èšèŒãããããã«çŸåå€å
ã³çŸåæ¹è³ªå€ãé åããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã«
ä¿ãä¹³å€ãå«ãåçèŠçŽ ãã©ãžãªã°ã©ãã€ãŒåé
ã§å©çšããå Žåã«ã¯ãã©ãžãªã°ã©ãã€ãŒèŠçŽ ã®ä¹³
å€å±€åã³ãã®ä»ã®å±€ãäžã«åŒçšããResearch
Disclosureã®é ç®18431ã«å ·äœçã«èšèŒãããŠã
ãä»»æã®åœ¢æ ãšããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ã
ä¹³å€äžŠã³ã«åçèŠçŽ äžã«ä»ã®åžžçšãããããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€å±€ãäžéå±€ããªãŒããŒã³ãŒãåã³äžå¡å±€
ãååšãããå Žåã«ã¯ããããã¯Research
Disclosureã176å·»ã1978幎12æãé ç®17643ã
ç« ã«èšèŒãããŠããããã«è¢«èŠãã也ç¥ããã
ãšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ã¯ãåœæ¥è éã«ç¢ºç«ãããæ £è¡ã«åŸã€ãŠãçžäºã«
åã¯åžžçšãããä¹³å€ãšãã¬ã³ãããããšã«ãã€ãŠ
ç¹å®ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã«èŠæ±ãããç¹æ§ãæºè¶³ãããããš
ãã§ãããäŸãã°ãè€æ°ã®ä¹³å€ããã¬ã³ãããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠãæå®ç®çãæºè¶³ããããã«åçèŠçŽ
ã®ç¹æ§æ²ç·ã調ç¯ããããšãã§ããããã¬ã³ãã«
ãã€ãŠãé²å åã³åŠçã«ãã€ãŠéæãããæå€§æ¿
床ãå¢å€§ããåã¯äœæžããæå°æ¿åºŠãäœæžããå
ã¯å¢å€§ãããã€ç¹æ§æ²ç·ã®åœ¢ç¶ãã€ãŸå éšãšè©éš
ã®éã§èª¿ç¯ããããšãã§ããããã®ããã«æ¬çºæ
ã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãäžèšResearch Disclosureã176å·»ã
1978幎12æãé ç®17643ãç« ã«èšèŒããããã
ãªåžžçšãããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãšãã¬ã³ãããã
ãšãã§ããã åçèŠçŽ ã¯æãåçŽãªåœ¢æ ã§ã¯æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãå«ãåäžããã²
ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãšåçæ¯æäœãå«ãããã¡ãããïŒ
以äžã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€äžŠã³ã«ãªãŒããŒã³ãŒ
ããäžå¡å±€åã³äžéå±€ãå«ãŸããããšãã§ããã
äžè¿°ã®ããã«ä¹³å€ããã¬ã³ãããããšã«ä»£ããŠã
ã¬ã³ããã¹ãä¹³å€ãããããå¥ã®å±€ãšããŠè¢«èŠã
ãããšã«ãã€ãŠåæ§ãªå¹æãéæããããšãã§ã
ããä¹³å€å±€ãå¥ã ã«è¢«èŠããŠé²å 蚱容ç¯å²ãåŸã
ããšã¯åçæè¡åéã«ãããŠåšç¥ã§ãã€ãŠã
Zelikmanåã³LeviãMaking and Coatingã
Photographic EmulsionsãFocal Pressã1964
幎ã234ã238é ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3663228å·äžŠã³ã«è±
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬923045å·ã«èšèŒãããŠãããæŽã«ã髿
床åã³äœæåºŠã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãããã¬ã³ãã§
ã¯ãªããå¥ã ã®å±€ã«è¢«èŠããããšã«ãã€ãŠåçæ
床ãå¢å€§ãããåŸãããšãåçæè¡åéã«ãããŠ
åšç¥ã§ãããéåžžé«æåºŠä¹³å€å±€ã¯äœæåºŠä¹³å€å±€ã
ããé²å æºã«è¿ãäœçœ®ã«è¢«èŠããããã®ã¢ãããŒ
ãã¯ïŒåã¯ãã以äžç©å±€ããä¹³å€å±€ã®èª¿è£œã«å¿çš
ããããšãã§ããããã®ãããªå±€æ§æã¯æ¬çºæã®
宿œã«ãããŠãå©çšå¯èœã§ããã åçèŠçŽ ã®å±€ã¯çš®ã ã®æ¯æäœäžã«è¢«èŠããããš
ãã§ããã代衚çãªåçæ¯æäœã«ã¯éåäœãã€ã«
ã ãæšæç¹ç¶ïŒäŸãã°çŽïŒãéå±ã·ãŒãåã³ããª
ã€ã«ãã¬ã©ã¹åã³ã»ã©ããã¯æ¯æäœèŠçŽ ãããã
ãããã®æ¯æäœã¯ãã®è¡šé¢ã®æ¥çæ§ã垯é»é²æ¢
æ§ã寞æ³å®å®æ§ãèæ©èæ§ã硬ããæ©æŠç¹æ§ãã
ã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢æ§åã³ïŒåã¯ãã®ä»ã®ç¹æ§ãåäž
ããããã«ïŒåã¯ãã以äžã®äžå¡å±€ãæããããš
ãã§ããããããã®æ¯æäœã¯åœæ¥çã«ãããŠåšç¥
ã§ãã€ãŠãäŸãã°Research Disclosureã176å·»ã
1978幎12æãé ç®17643ãç« ã«èšèŒãããŠã
ãã åæ°åã¯è€æ°ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã¯é垞察åããå¹³ããªäž»
èŠè¡šé¢ãæããæ¯æäœäžã«é£ç¶å±€ãšããŠè¢«èŠãã
ãããå¿ ãããããã§ãªããšããããä¹³å€å±€ã¯å¹³
ããªæ¯æäœè¡šé¢äžã«è€æ°ã®æšªæ¹åã«å€äœããå±€ã»
ã°ã¡ã³ããšããŠè¢«èŠããããšãã§ãããåæ°åã¯
è€æ°ã®ä¹³å€å±€ãã»ã°ã¡ã³ããšããå ŽåãåŸ®åæ§
ïŒmicrocellularïŒæ¯æäœãçšããããšãæãŸã
ããæçšãªåŸ®åæ§æ¯æäœã¯PCTå ¬éåºé¡ç¬¬
W080ïŒ01641ïŒ1980å¹ŽïŒæïŒæ¥å ¬éïŒ1980å¹ŽïŒæ
ïŒæ¥ã®ãã«ã®ãŒç¹èš±ç¬¬881513å·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ïŒåã³ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±ç¬¬4307165å·ã«é瀺ãããŠããã埮现åã®å€§
ããã¯å¹ ïŒã200ÎŒïœãæ·±ã1000ÎŒïœä»¥äžãšããã
ãšãã§ãããäžè¬ã«ãéåžžã®é»çœåçåéãç¹ã«
åçåãåŒäŒžã°ãå Žåã«ã¯ã埮现åã®å€§ããã¯å¹
å°ãªããšã4ÎŒïœãæã200ÎŒïœæªæºã奜ãŸããã
æè¯ã®å€§ããã¯å¹ åã³æ·±ãããããçŽ10ã100ÎŒ
ïœã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãçšããåçèŠçŽ ã¯åžžçšãã
ãä»»æã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠåç¶ã«é²å ããããšãã§ã
ããããã«ã€ããŠã¯äžèšResearch Disclosureã
é ç®17643ãç« ãåç §ãããããæ¬çºæã¯ã
ååšããåå 墿å€ãæå€§åžåã瀺ãã¹ãã¯ãã«
é åã«ãããŠé»ç£ç·ãçšããŠåç¶é²å ãè¡ãå Žå
ã«ç¹ã«æçšã§ãããåçèŠçŽ ã«éè²ãç·è²ãèµ€è²
åã¯èµ€å€é²å ãèšé²ããå Žåã¯ãéè²ãç·è²ãèµ€
è²åã¯ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®èµ€å€éšåã«åžåãããåå å¢
æå€ãååšãããããé»çœå€ã®åéã§ã¯åçèŠçŽ
ããªã«ãœã¯ããããã¯åã¯ãã³ã¯ããããã¯ã«å¢
æããããŠå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«å ã«ãããæåºŠãå»¶ã°
ãããšãæãŸãããã¬ãŒã¶ãŒã«ãã€ãŠçæããã
é²å ã«çšããããæŸå°ç·ã¯éå¹²æžæ§ïŒã©ã³ãã
çžïŒåã¯å¹²æžæ§ïŒã€ã³ã»ããšã€ãºïŒã®ãããã§ã
ã€ãŠããããé«ãããã¯äœåŒ·åºŠé²å ã鿬 çãã
ãã¯é£ç¶çé²å ãæ°åããããªç§ããã€ã¯ãç§ãš
ããæ¯èŒççãæéã«äºãé²å æéåã³ãœãŒã©ãª
ãŒãŒã·ãšã³é²å ãå«ããåžžæž©ã髿ž©ãããã¯äœæž©
åã³ïŒåã¯åžžå§ãé«å§ãããã¯äœå§ã«ãããåé²
å ã®ãããããT.H.Jamesã®The Theory of
the Photographic Processã第ïŒçã
Macmillanã1977幎ã第ïŒãïŒã17ã18åã³23
ç« ã«èšèŒãããããã«ãåžžçšãããã»ã³ã·ãã¡ã
ãªãŒææ³ã«ããæ±ºå®ãããæçšãªæå¿ç¯å²å ã«ã
ããŠçšããããšãã§ããã åçèŠçŽ ã«å«ãŸããæå æ§ããã²ã³åéã¯ãé²
å ã«åŒç¶ããŠãã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§åªäœåã¯åçèŠçŽ äžã«
å«ãŸããçŸåå€ã®ååšäžã«ããã²ã³åéãæ°Žæ§ã¢
ã«ã«ãªåªäœãšçµåãããããšã«ãã€ãŠåžžæ³ã«åŸã€
ãŠåŠçããå¯èŠåã圢æããããšãã§ããã åçèŠçŽ äžã«äžæŠéåã圢æããããåŸãæªçŸ
åã®ããã²ã³åéãå®çããã®ãæ®éã®æ¹æ³ã§ã
ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³
å€ã¯ç¹ã«ããçæéã«å®çãå®äºå¯èœãšããç¹ã§
æå©ã§ãããããã«ãã€ãŠå éãããåŠçãå¯èœ
ãšãªãã éåãçæããããã®äžè¿°ã®åçèŠçŽ åã³ææ³
ã¯è²çŽ ãçšããŠã«ã©ãŒåãçæããã®ã«å®¹æã«é©
çšããããšãã§ãããããããææ å¯èœãªã«ã©ãŒ
åãåŸãæãç°¡æãªææ³ã«ãããŠã¯ãåžžçšããã
è²çŽ ãåçèŠçŽ ã®æ¯æäœäžã«æ··å ¥ããããšãã§
ãããããŠäžè¿°ã®åŠãéåã®åœ¢æãè¡ãããšãã§
ãããéåã圢æãããé åã«ãããŠã¯åçèŠçŽ
ã¯å®è³ªçã«å ééæ§ã§ãªããªãããã®ä»ã®é åã§
ã¯æ¯æäœã®è²ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠå ãééããããã®ãã
ã«ããŠã«ã©ãŒåã容æã«åœ¢æããåŸãããããšå
äžå¹æã¯ãŸããå¥ã®è²çŽ ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€åã¯è²çŽ ã
ã€ã«ã¿ãŒèŠçŽ ãšéææ¯æäœèŠçŽ ãæããèŠçŽ ãšã
çšããããšã«ãã€ãŠéæããããšãã§ããã ããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã¯è²çŽ ã®éžæçç Žå£åã¯
圢æã«ãã€ãŠè²çŽ åã圢æããã®ã«çšããããšã
ã§ãããäžè¿°ã®éåã圢æããããã®åçèŠçŽ
ã¯ãResearch Disclosureã176å·»ã1978幎12æã
é ç®17643ãé ãé ã«èšèŒãããããã«ã«
ã©ãŒã«ãã©ãŒã®ãããªè²çŽ å圢æå€ã嫿ããçŸ
åå€ãçšããããšã«ãã€ãŠè²çŽ åã圢æããã®ã«
çšããããšãã§ããããã®ãããªåœ¢æ ã«ãããŠã
çŸåå€ã¯ãé žåããã圢æ ã«ãããŠã«ãã©ãŒãšå
å¿ïŒã«ããªã³ã°ïŒããŠè²çŽ åã圢æãåŸãã«ã©ãŒ
çŸåå€ïŒäŸãã°ãè³éŠæç¬¬ïŒã¢ãã³ïŒãå«ãã è²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯åžžæ³ã«åŸã€ãŠåçèŠçŽ äž
ã«æ··å ¥ããããšãã§ãããè²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯
ç°ãªãåç广ãéæããããã«ç°ãªãéã§æ··å ¥
ããããšãã§ãããäŸãã°ãè±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬923045å·
åã³è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3843369å·ã¯ãé被èŠéã«é¢ãã«
ãã©ãŒã®æ¿åºŠã¯é«æåºŠåã³äžéæåºŠä¹³å€å±€ã«éåžž
çšããããéããäœãå¶éããããšãæç€ºããŠã
ãã é åããè²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯ãéåžžãæžæ³æ··
è²åè²ïŒããªãã¡ãé»ãããŒã³ã¿åã³ã·ã¢ã³ïŒå
è²çŽ ã圢æããããã«éžã°ãããããã®ã«ãã©ãŒ
ã¯éæ¡æ£ç¡è²ã«ãã©ãŒã§ãããç¹å®ã®åçå¿çšå
éã§æãŸãã广ãéæããããã«åäžåã¯è€æ°
ã®å¥ã ã®å±€ã«ãããåå¿é床ãçžéããè²çŽ åœ¢æ
æ§ã«ãã©ãŒãçšããããšãã§ããã è²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯ãã«ããªã³ã°ã«ãã€ãŠã
çŸåæå¶å€ãããã¯ä¿é²å€ãæŒçœä¿é²å€ãçŸå
å€ãããã²ã³åéæº¶å€ããããŒã硬èå€ãã«ããª
å€ãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãç«¶äºã«ãã©ãŒãååŠåã¯åå
墿å€åã³æžæå€ã®ãããªåççã«æçšãªãã©ã°
ã¡ã³ããæŸåºãããçŸåæå¶å€æŸåºæ§ïŒDIRïŒã«
ãã©ãŒã¯åçåéã«ãããŠåšç¥ã§ããããããã¯
ã«ããªã³ã°æã«çš®ã ã®åççã«æçšãªåºãæŸåºã
ãéè²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ååç©åã³è²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã§
ãããé žåããã«ã©ãŒçŸåå€ãšåå¿ããéè²çŽ ã
圢æããªãDIRååç©ãçšããããšãã§ããããª
ãããã³ä¹³å€ã®ããã«æ¯èŒçæå æ§ã«ä¹ãããã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯çŸåæå¶å€ãã©ã°ã¡ã³ãã®ç§»è¡ã
黿¢åã¯æå¶ããããã«äžéå±€åã³ãªãŒããŒã³ãŒ
ãå±€ãšããŠå©çšããã åçèŠçŽ ã«ã¯ããã¬ã«ã©ãŒåçšç©å±€ãã¹ã¯ã圢
æããã®ã«çšããããçè²è²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã®
ãããªçè²ããè²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒåã³ïŒåã¯ç«¶
äºã«ãã©ãŒãæ··å ¥ããããšãã§ããã åçèŠçŽ ã«ã¯æŽã«åžžçšãããåè²çŽ å®å®å€ãé
åããããšãã§ããããããã¯ãã¹ãŠResearch
Disclosureã176å·»ã1978幎12æãé ç®17643ã
ç« ã«èšèŒãããŠããã è²çŽ ååœ¢ææ§éå å€ã«çµåãããŠãäžæŽ»æ§éç§»
éå±ã€ãªã³é¯äœã®åœ¢æ ãæããé žåå€ãåã³ïŒå
ã¯éé žåç©é žåå€ãçšããæ¹æ³ãæ¡çšããããšã«
ãã€ãŠè²çŽ åã圢æãåã¯å¢å¹ ããããšãã§ã
ããè²çŽ èŠçŽ ã¯ãã®ãããªæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠè²çŽ åã
圢æããã®ã«ç¹ã«é©åããã éâè²çŽ âæŒçœæ³ã®ãããªè²çŽ åã¯è²çŽ åé§ç©
質ã®éžæçç Žå£ã«ãã€ãŠåçèŠçŽ ã«è²çŽ åã圢æ
ããããšãã§ããã æŒçœã«ãã€ãŠçŸåããéãé€å»ããã®ã¯ããã²
ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã«è²çŽ åã圢æããéã«è¡ãããŠ
ããæ®éã®æ £è¡ã§ããããã®ãããªéã®é€å»ã¯åŠ
çæº¶æ¶²åã¯åçèŠçŽ ã®ããå±€ã«æŒçœä¿é²å€åã¯ã
ã®åé§ç©è³ªãæ··å ¥ããããšã«ããä¿é²ããããšã
ã§ãããããå Žåã«ã¯ãç¹ã«äžè¿°ã®ããã«è²çŽ å
ãå¢å¹ ããæã¯ãçŸåã«ãã圢æãããéã®éã¯
çæããè²çŽ ã®éãšæ¯èŒããŠå°ãããåŸã€ãŠãå®
質çã«ç®ã«èŠãã圱é¿ãçããããšãªããéæŒçœ
ãçç¥ããããæŽã«ä»ã®å¿çšã«ãããŠã¯ãéåã
ä¿æããããããŠè²çŽ åã¯ãã®éåã«ããæäŸã
ããæ¿åºŠãé«ãåã¯è£ãããã«æŽ»çšããããéå
ã®æ¿åºŠãè²çŽ ã§é«ããå Žåã«ã¯ãäžæ§ã®åäžè²çŽ
åã¯å šäœãšããŠäžæ§åãçæãåŸãè€æ°ã®è²çŽ ã®
çµåãããçšããããšãéåžžæãŸããã æ¬çºæã¯å€è²åçç»åãçæããã®ã«äœ¿çšãã
ããšãã§ãããäžè¬ã«ãå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ããã²
ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãå«ãåžžçšã®å€è²ç»åèŠçŽ ã¯ããã
ã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãå
ã«å ãããåã¯è©²å¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€ã§çœ®ãæããããšã«
ãã€ãŠæ¹è¯ããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã¯å è²å€è²
ååã³æžè²å€è²åã®ãããã«ãå®å šã«é©çšããã
ãšãã§ããã æ¬çºæãå è²æ··åå€è²ç»åãžé©çšããããšã瀺
ãããã«ãäžéã«ä»åšããéè²ãç·è²åã³èµ€è²ã
ã€ã«ã¿ãŒèŠçŽ ãå«ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒåããé åãçæ
ããããšãã§ããåçèŠçŽ ãšçµåããŠäœ¿çšããã
ãšãã§ããããã³ã¯ããããã¯ã«å¢æãããã€å
çèŠçŽ ã®äžå±€ãæ§æãããããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹
ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯ãå ããåè²ãã€ã«
ã¿ãŒåãéããŠåç¶é²å ããããåŠçã«ãã€ãŠé
åãçæããããåŸãåèšãã€ã«ã¿ãŒåãéããŠ
çºãããšãå€è²ã«ã©ãŒç»åãèªããããããã®ç»
åã¯ææ ã«ãã€ãŠæè¯ã«çºãããããåŸã€ãŠåç
èŠçŽ åã³ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒåã®äž¡è ãäž¡æ¹ãšããããã¯
å ±éã®éæãªæ¯æäœãæããã æžè²æ··ååè²ç»åè²çŽ ã®çµåãã«ãã€ãŠå€è²ç»
åãçæããå€è²åçèŠçŽ ã«æ¬çºæãé©çšããå Ž
åã«ãéèŠãªå©ç¹ãåŸãããããã®ãããªåçèŠ
çŽ ã¯ãæ¯æäœåã³å žåçã«ã¯å°ãªããšãããªã¢ã
ã®ç©å±€ããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãããªãã¡éè²ã
ç·è²åã³èµ€è²é²å ãããããé»è²ãããŒã³ã¿åã³
ã·ã¢ã³è²çŽ ç»åãšããŠå¥ã ã«èšé²ããå±€ããæ
ãã åè¿°ã®ããã«ãå¯äžã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶
å¡©åéä¹³å€ãå¿ èŠãšãããããå€è²åçèŠçŽ ã¯ã
ãããéè²ãç·è²åã³èµ€è²å ãèšé²ããå°ãªããš
ãäžã€ã®å¥ã ã®ä¹³å€ãå«ããå¿ èŠãšãããé«ã¢ã¹
ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ç·è²åã¯èµ€è²èšé²çšä¹³å€
以å€ã®ä¹³å€ã¯åŸæ¥ããäžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããŠããä»»
æã®åœ¢æ ã®ããšããããšãã§ãããæ§ã ãªäžè¬ç
ãªä¹³å€ã¯Research Disclosureãé ç®17643ã
ç« ã«ç€ºãããŠãããäºå±€ä»¥äžã®ä¹³å€å±€ãã¹ãã¯ã
ã«ã®éè²ãç·è²åã³ïŒåã¯èµ€è²éšåã«ãããŠèšé²
ããããã«äŸãããŠããå Žåã«ã¯ãå°ãªããšãæ
床ã®é«ãä¹³å€å±€ãåè¿°ã®ããã«é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãå«ãã®ã奜ãŸããããã¡ããã
åçèŠçŽ ã®éè²ãç·è²åã³èµ€è²èšé²çšä¹³å€ã®ãã¹
ãŠããææãªããããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ãšããã®ã奜é©ã§ããããšã¯èšããŸã§ããªãã å€è²åçèŠçŽ ã¯ãã°ãã°ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãã
ããšåŒã°ããŠãããæãäžè¬çãªå€è²åçèŠçŽ ã¯
äžã€ã®ç©å±€ããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠããããå«ãã
ãããã®å±€ãŠãããã¯ããããç°ãªã€ãäžã€ã®ã¹
ãã¯ãã«ã«é²å èšé²ããããšãã§ããã€è£è²æžè²
æ··ååè²è²çŽ ç»åãçæããããšãã§ããå°ãªã
ãšãäžã€ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãå«ããããªã
ã¡ãéè²ãç·è²åã³èµ€è²èšé²çšã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠ
ãããã䜿çšããŠããããããé»è²ãããŒã³ã¿å
ã³ã·ã¢ã³è²çŽ ç»åãçæãããè²çŽ ç»å圢æç©è³ª
ã¯åã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã«ååšããå¿ èŠã¯ãª
ããåŠç溶液ããå®å šã«äŸçµŠããããã«ããããš
ãã§ãããè²çŽ ç»å圢æç©è³ªãåçèŠçŽ ã«çµå ¥ã
ãå Žåã«ã¯ããããã¯ä¹³å€å±€ã«äœçœ®ãããããšã
ã§ãããããã¯åäžã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã®
飿¥ä¹³å€å±€ããã®é žåãããçŸåå€åã¯é»åç§»å
å€ãåãå ¥ããããã«é 眮ãããå±€ã«äœçœ®ããã
ãšãã§ããã è²ã®åè§£ã䌎ããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããéã®
é žåãããçŸåå€åã¯é»åç§»åå€ã®æ³³åã鲿¢ã
ãããã«ãã¹ã«ãã³ãžã€ãŒã䜿çšããã®ãäžè¬ç
ãªæ £è¡ã§ãããã¹ã«ãã³ãžã€ãŒã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2937086å·ã«æç€ºãããŠããããã«ãä¹³å€å±€èªèº«
ã«äœçœ®ãããããšãã§ãããããŠïŒãããã¯ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±ç¬¬2336327å·ã«ç€ºãããããã«ã飿¥ããã«
ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããéã®äžéå±€ãšããŠäœçœ®ãã
ãããšãã§ããã åã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã¯åäžã®ä¹³å€å±€ãå«
ãããšãã§ããããåçæåºŠã®ç°ãªãïŒãïŒãå
ã¯ãã以äžã®ä¹³å€å±€ããã°ãã°åäžã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢æ
æ§å±€ãŠãããã«çµã¿å ¥ããããšãã§ãããææã®
å±€é åé ãæåºŠã®ç°ãªãå€ä¹³å€å±€ãåäžã®ã«ã©ãŒ
åœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã«å«ãŸããããšãèš±ããªãå Žå
ã«ã¯ã倿°ïŒéåžžïŒåã¯ïŒïŒã®éè²ãç·è²åã³ïŒ
åã¯èµ€è²èšé²çšã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠããããåäžã®
åçèŠçŽ ã«å«ãŸããã®ãäžè¬çãªæ £è¡ã§ããã å€å±€åçèŠçŽ ã¯äžã«ææããèŠä»¶ãšåèŽããä»»
æã®å¥œéœåã®åœ¢æ ããšãããšãã§ããã
Gorokhovskiiã®Spectral Studies of the
Photographic ProcessãFocal PressãããŠãŒãš
ãŒã¯ã«é瀺ãããŠãã第211é ã®è¡š27aã®å çš®é¡
ã®å¯èœãªå±€é åã®ä»»æã®ãã®ã䜿çšããããšãã§
ãããç¹å®ã®ç°¡åãªäŸã補é ããããã«ãã¹ãã¯
ãã«ã®ãã€ãã¹ééšåã«å¢æãããã€æ®ãã®ä¹³å€
å±€ã«å ç«ã€ãŠé²å ç §å°ãåããããã«äœçœ®ãã
ããäžã€ãããã¯ãã以äžã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ããäžè¬çãªå€è²ããã²ã³åéå
çèŠçŽ ã«ããã®è£œé ã®éçšã«ãããŠãå ããããš
ãã§ãããããããªããæãæ®éã®å Žåã«ã¯ãäž
ã€ãããã¯ãã以äžã®ãã€ãã¹éèšé²çšé«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ããäžè¬çãªãã€ãã¹
éèšé²çšä¹³å€å±€ãå Žåã«ãã€ãŠã¯å±€é åé åºã®å€
æŽãšçµåããŠã眮ãæããã®ã奜ãŸããã 幟ã€ãã®å±€é åã以äžã«ç€ºã奜ãŸããäŸç€ºåœ¢æ
ã«ãã€ãŠäžå±€æç¢ºã«ããã ã衚ã ã衚ã ã衚ã ïŒåŒäžãïŒïŒ§ãåã³ïŒ²ã¯ãããããä»»æã®äžè¬
çãªã¿ã€ãã®éè²ãç·è²åã³èµ€è²èšé²ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢æ
æ§å±€ãŠãããã瀺ãã åèšã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããïŒïŒ§ãåã¯ïŒ²ã®
åã«äœçœ®ããã¯ãäžã«è©³çްã«èª¬æããé«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéç²åä¹³å€ãå«ãåæ°åã¯è€
æ°ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã瀺ãã ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããïŒïŒ§ãåã¯ïŒ²ã®åã«
äœçœ®ããã¯åãå±€é åé ã«ãããŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®
åã1/3ã®å é²å ãèšé²ããå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ä»
ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã®åçæåºŠããéãå
çæåºŠã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã瀺ãã ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããïŒïŒ§ãåã¯ïŒ²ã®åã«
äœçœ®ããã¯åãå±€é åé ã«ãããã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®
åäžã®1/3ã®å é²å ãèšé²ããå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®
ä»ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã®åçæåºŠãããé
ãåçæåºŠãæããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã瀺
ãããã㊠ILã¯ã¹ã«ãã³ãžã€ãŒãå«ãäžéå±€ã§ãã€ãŠé»
è²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒç©è³ªãå®è³ªäžå«ãŸãªãäžéå±€ã瀺
ããåæåºŠã®éãåã¯é ãã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãã
ãã¯ãã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®åã1/3ã«ãããå é²å ãèš
é²ããå¥ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠããããšããã®å±€é
åé ã«ãããäœçœ®ããã®åºæã®æåºŠç¹æ§ãåã¯ã
ããã®çµåãã®çµæãšããŠãåçæåºŠã®ç¹ã«ãã
ãŠç°ãªãããšãã§ãããïŒ åèšå±€é åé ãã«ãããŠã¯ãæ¯æäœã®é 眮
ã¯ç€ºããŠããªããäžè¬çãªæ £è¡ã«åŸã€ãŠãæ¯æäœ
ã¯é²å ç §å°æºãã倧æµã®å Žåã«æãé¢ããæã«äœ
眮ããããããªãã¡ãäžè¬ã«ã¯ãã®å±€ã®äžçªäžåŽ
ã«äœçœ®ãããæ¯æäœãç¡è²ã§æ£ééæ§ãããªãã¡
éæã§ããå Žåã«ã¯ãæ¯æäœã¯é²å æºãšå³ã«ç€ºã
ãå±€ã®éã«äœçœ®ãããããšãã§ãããæŽã«äžè¬ç
ã«èšãã°ãæ¯æäœã¯ãé²å æºãšãæ¯æäœãééã
ãå ãèšé²ããããšããä»»æã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠ
ããããšã®éã«äœçœ®ãããããšãã§ããã æžè²æ··ååè²è²çŽ ã®çµåããããªãå€è²åã圢
æããããšããåçä¹³å€ã¯äžè¬ã«ã¯è²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ã«
ãã©ãŒã®ãããªè²çŽ åœ¢ææ§ç©è³ªãé åããŠå«ãè€
æ°ã®ç©å±€ããå±€ã®åœ¢ããšããããã®ããšã¯æ±ºããŠ
å¿ èŠã§ã¯ãªããäžè¬ã«ãã±ãããšåŒã°ãããå¯èŠ
ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®1/3ã®å ãèšé²ããããã²ã³åéä¹³
å€åã³è£è²æžæ³æ··è²åè²è²çŽ ã圢æããããšãã§
ããã«ãã©ãŒãšãå«ãäžã€ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§æå
ã¯ãåçèŠçŽ ã®åäžã®å±€ã«äžç·ã«é 眮ããŠå€è²ç»
åãçæããããšãã§ãããæ··åãã±ããå€è²å
çèŠçŽ ã®äŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2698794å·åã³å第
2843489å·ã«é瀺ãããŠããã ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²
ã³åéç²åã¯ãéå¹³æ¿ç¶ã§äœã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã«æ¯èŒããŠãé«è§åºŠå ã®æ£ä¹±ãæžå°ã
ããããšãã§ããã®ã§æå©ã§ããããã®ããšã¯å®
éçã«ç€ºãããšãã§ããã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãããã«ã
ããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ïŒã®ãµã³ãã«ã¯éæãªïŒæ£é
éæ§ïŒæ¯æäœïŒã®äžã«1.08ïœïŒm2ã®è¢«èŠéã§è¢«èŠ
ããããå³ã«ã¯ç€ºããŠããªããããã®ä¹³å€åã³æ¯
æäœã¯ãæ¯æäœåã³ä¹³å€ã®è¡šé¢ã§ã®ãã¬ãã«åå°
ãæå°ã«ããããã«å®è³ªäžé©åãã屿çãæã
ãæ¶²äœäžã«æµžæŒ¬ããã®ã奜ãŸãããä¹³å€ã®è¢«èŠã¯
å¹³è¡å æºïŒã«ãã€ãŠæ¯æäœè¡šé¢ã«åçŽã«é²å ãã
ããå 軞ã圢æãããããã·ãŠç·ïŒã«ãã€ãŠç€ºã
ããå è·¯ã«åŸã€ãå æºããã®å ã¯ãç¹ïŒ¡ã§ä¹³å€è¢«
èŠã«ããããæ¯æäœåã³ä¹³å€ãééããå ã¯ä¹³å€
ããäžå®ã®è·é¢ã®ååç¶ã®æ€ç¥è¡šé¢ïŒã«ãããŠæ€
ç¥ããããšãã§ãããæåã®å è·¯ã®å»¶é·ãšæ€ç¥è¡š
é¢ãšã®äº€å·®ç¹ïŒ¢ã§ãæå€§åŒ·åºŠæ°Žæºã®å ãæ€ç¥ãã
ãã 第ïŒå³ã®ç¹ïŒ£ã¯æ€ç¥è¡šé¢äžã«éžå®ããä»»æã®ç¹
ã§ãããåã³ïŒ£ã®éã®ããã·ãŠç·ã¯ä¹³å€è¢«èŠãš
è§åºŠÏãæ§æãããæ€ç¥è¡šé¢äžã®ç¹ïŒ£ãç§»åãã
ãããšã«ãã€ãŠãã®è§åºŠÏã¯0ãã90ãã®ç¯å²ã§å€
åããããšãã§ãããæ£ä¹±å ã®åŒ·åºŠãè§åºŠÏã®é¢
æ°ãšããŠæž¬å®ããããšã«ãã€ãŠãïŒå 軞ïŒã®ãŸã
ãã®å æ£ä¹±ã®åè»¢å¯Ÿç§°ã®æ ã«ïŒçޝç©å ååžãè§åºŠ
Ïã®é¢æ°ãšããŠå®ããããšãã§ããã环ç©å ååž
ã®èšè¿°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãDepalmaåã³Gasperã®
âDetermining the Optical Properties of
Photographic Emulsions by the Monte Carlo
MethodâïŒPhotographic Science and
Engineeringã16å·»ãïŒå·ã1971å¹ŽïŒæãïŒæã
181ã191é ïŒãåç §ããããã 环ç©å ååžãä¹³å€ïŒã«å¯ŸããŠ0ãã90ãã®è§åºŠÏ
ã®é¢æ°ãšããŠæž¬å®ããåŸãæ¯æäœïŒã®å¥ã®éšåã«
åäžã®é被èŠéã§è¢«èŠããåãå¹³åç²å容ç©ãæ
ããäžè¬çãªä¹³å€ã«ã€ããŠåãæž¬å®ãç¹°ãè¿ãã
äºã€ã®ä¹³å€ã«å¯Ÿããè§åºŠÏã®é¢æ°ãšããŠæ±ãã环
ç©å ååžãÏã70ããŸã§ïŒããå Žåã«ã¯80ãåã³ã
ã以äžãŸã§ïŒã®å€ãæ¯èŒãããšãããã«èŠå®ãã
ä¹³å€ã®æ£ä¹±å ã®éãå°ãªãããšããããã第ïŒå³
ã«ãããŠãè§åºŠÎžã¯è§åºŠÏã®è£è§ã§ãããæ¬æçް
æžã«ãããŠæ£ä¹±è§åºŠã¯è§åºŠÎžã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããã
ããªãã¡ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯ã
ãå°ãªãé«è§åºŠæ£ä¹±ã瀺ããå ã®é«è§åºŠæ£ä¹±ã¯ç»
åã®é®®éæ§ã忝äŸçã«æžå°ãããã®ã§ãããã«
èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯ãã
ãã®å Žåã«ãããé®®éãªç»åãçæãããšèšã
ãã æ¬æçްæžã«ãããŠèŠå®ãããéå è§åºŠ
ïŒcollection angleïŒããªãèªã¯ãæ€ç¥è¡šé¢ã«ãã
ãå ã®ååãè§åºŠÎžã®æ¥µè»žã®ãŸããã«ç·ACã®å
転ã«ãã€ãŠçæãããåéã«å¯Ÿããé¢ç©å ã«ã¯ã
ããããªè§åºŠÎžã®å€ãæããæ€ç¥è¡šé¢ã«ãããå
ã®ååã¯æ€ç¥è¡šé¢ã®æ®ãã®éšåã«ãããã ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³
å€ã®é«è§åºŠæ£ä¹±æ§ãæžå°ãããçè«ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã
ç¹ã«ãã®çè«ã§æ¬çºæãéå®ããæå³ã¯ãªããã
é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«ãã€ãŠããããã
ã倧ããå¹³åŠãªäž»èŠçµæ¶é¢äžŠã³ã«è¢«èŠäžã«ããã
ç²åã®é 眮ã«ãã€ãŠé®®éæ§ã®æ¹è¯ããªããããã®
ãšæããããç¹ã«ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€è¢«èŠäžã«å
åšããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãããååšããå¹³é¢ç¶ã®æ¯æ
äœè¡šé¢ãšå®è³ªäžäžŠåããªãããšãèªãããããã
ãªãã¡ãä¹³å€å±€ã«ãããåçèŠçŽ ã«åçŽãªå ã¯ã
äžã€ã®äž»èŠçµæ¶é¢ã«å®è³ªäžåçŽãªå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«è¡
çªããåŸåã«ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®èãåã³è¢«èŠæ
ã®ãã®é 眮ã«ãã€ãŠé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ä¹³å€å±€ã¯äžè¬çãªä¹³å€å±€ããå®è³ªäžèãããããš
ãã§ããããã«ãã€ãŠã鮮鿧ãé«ãããããã
ãããªãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®äžè¬ç
ãªä¹³å€å±€ãšåãåãã«è¢«èŠããå Žåã§ãé«ãé®®é
æ§ã瀺ãã æ¬çºæã®ç¹ã«å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠã¯ãé«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã¯å°ãªããšã1.0ÎŒïœã
æã奜ãŸããã¯å°ãªããšã2ÎŒïœã®æå°å¹³åç²å
çŽåŸã瀺ããæåºŠã®æ¹è¯åã³é®®éæ§ã®æ¹è¯ã®ãã
ãããå¹³åç²åçŽåŸã®å¢å€§ã®ããã«åŸãããã®ã§
ãããæçšãªæå€§å¹³åç²åçŽåŸã¯ç¹å®ã®ç»åçšé
ã«å¯ŸããŠèš±å®¹ãããç²åºŠã«ãã€ãŠå€åããããã
ãã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®
æå€§å¹³åç²åçŽåŸã¯ããã¹ãŠã®å Žåã«ã30ÎŒïœæª
æºã奜ãŸããã¯15ÎŒïœæªæºããããŠæé©ã«ã¯10ÎŒ
ïœä»¥äžã§ããã ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³
å€ã®åäžå±€è¢«èŠã§ãã€ãŠé«è§åºŠæ£ä¹±ãæžå°ããã
ããšãã§ãããããã®é«è§åºŠæ£ä¹±ã®çŸè±¡ã¯å€è²è¢«
èŠã«ãããŠå¿ ãããå®çŸãããå¿ èŠã¯ãªãããã
çš®ã®å€è²è¢«èŠååŒã«ãããŠã¯ãé«ã鮮鿧ã¯ãã
ã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã§é
æããããšãã§ããããä»ã®å€è²è¢«èŠååŒã«ãã
ãŠã¯ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ä¹³å€ã¯ãã®äžã«ç©å±€ãããä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ãå®è³ª
äžäœäžããããšãããã åèšããå±€é åé ãåç §ããã«ãããã§ã¯é
è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ãé²å ç §å°æºã«æãè¿ãäœçœ®ã«äœçœ®
ãããã®äžã®ç·è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ãããã«èŠå®ããå¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã§ãããæ¬¡ã«ããã®ç·è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€
ã¯èµ€è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«äœçœ®ãããéè²èšé²ä¹³å€
å±€ããå€ãã®éå¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€ã«ãããŠå žåçãªãã
ã«ã0.2ã0.6ÎŒïœã®ç¯å²ã®å¹³åçŽåŸç²åãæãã
å Žåã«ã¯ãéè²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã¯ãããééããå ã
ç·è²åã³èµ€è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã«å°éãããããªæå€§æ£
ä¹±ã瀺ãã§ããããæ®å¿µãªããšã«ãå ãé«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®ç·è²èšé²å€ä¹³å±€ã«å°é
ããåã«ãã§ã«æ£ä¹±ãããŠããå Žåã«ã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã¯ãããééããå ããäžè¬çãªåŸæ¥ã®ä¹³å€
ãã倧ããªå²åã§éè²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã«æ£ä¹±ãããã
ãã®ããã«ãä¹³å€ã®éžå®åã³å±€ã®é 眮ãç¹å¥ã«éž
ã¶ããšã«ãã€ãŠãèµ€è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ããã
ãã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ãåèšå±€é åé ã«ååšããªãå Ž
åã«æ¯èŒããŠã倧ããå²åã§ããªãäœäžãããã ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åé
ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«äœçœ®ããä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ã®ç¹åŸŽ
ãå®å šã«å ·çŸåããããã«ã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€
ãæ£ä¹±ãããŸãåããŠããªãå ãåããããã«äœ
眮ããïŒå¥œãŸããã¯å®è³ªçã«æ£ééæ§ã®å ãåã
ãããã«äœçœ®ããïŒã®ã奜ãŸãããå¥ã®èšãæ¹ã
ããã°ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«äœçœ®ããä¹³å€å±€
ã®é®®éæ§ãæ¹è¯ããããã«ã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€
ãæ¿ãå±€ã®äžã«äœçœ®ããªãå Žåã®ã¿ã«æè¯ã«å®çŸ
ããããšãã§ãããäŸãã°ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åç·è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ãèµ€è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«
äœçœ®ããã€ãªãããã³ä¹³å€å±€åã³ïŒåã¯é«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åéè²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«äœçœ®ã
ãå Žåã«ã¯ãèµ€è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ã¯äžã«äœçœ®
ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ïŒåæ°åã¯è€æ°ïŒã®ååšã«
ãã€ãŠæ¹è¯ãããã§ããããå®éçã«èšãã°ãé«
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åç·è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«
äœçœ®ããåæ°åã¯è€æ°ã®å±€ã®éå è§åºŠãçŽ10ãã
ãå°ãªãå Žåã«ã¯ãèµ€è²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ãæ¹
è¯ããããšãã§ããããã¡ãããåèšèµ€è²èšé²ä¹³
å€å±€èªèº«ãããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã§ããå Žåã«ã¯ããã®é®®éæ§ã«åãŒ
ãäžã«äœçœ®ããå±€ã®åœ±é¿ã«é¢ããéãã¯ãåé¡ã¯
ãªãã ç©å±€ãããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§ãŠããããå«ãå€è²å
çèŠçŽ ã«ãããŠã鮮鿧ã®å©çãåŸãããã«ã¯ã
é²å ç §å°æºã«æãè¿ãäœçœ®ã«äœçœ®ããä¹³å€å±€ãå°
ãªããšãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã§ãã
ããšã奜ãŸãããç¹å¥ã«å¥œãŸãã圢ã«ãããŠãå¥
ã®ç»åèšé²ä¹³å€å±€ããé²å ç §å°æºã«è¿ãäœçœ®ã«äœ
眮ããåä¹³å€å±€ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³
å€å±€ã§ãããäžè¿°ã®å±€é åé ãããã
åã³ã¯äžã«äœçœ®ããä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ãèããå¢
倧ããããããšãã§ããå€è²åçèŠçŽ ä¹³å€ã®é å
ã®äŸã§ããã é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéç²åä¹³å€ã®å€è²
åçèŠçŽ ã«ãããç»å鮮鿧ã®ç¹åŸŽçãªå¯äžãå€
è²åçèŠçŽ ã«ã€ããŠç¹ã«èª¬æãããŠãããããã®
鮮鿧ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯éç»åãçæããå€å±€é»çœåçèŠ
çŽ ã«ãããŠãå ·çŸåããããšãã§ãããé»çœç»å
ã圢æããä¹³å€ãé«æåºŠåã³äœæåºŠã®å±€ã«åãã
ããšãäžè¬çã«è¡ãªãããŠãããããã«èŠå®ãã
é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãé²å ç §å°æºã®
æãè¿ãäœçœ®ã«äœçœ®ããå±€ã«äœ¿çšããããšã«ãã€
ãŠããã®äžã«äœçœ®ããä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®éæ§ãæ¹è¯ãã
ãã 宿œäŸ æ¬çºæã以äžã®å®æœäŸã«åŸã€ãŠæŽã«èª¬æããã
åäŸã«ãããŠãåå¿å®¹åšã®å 容ç©ã¯éåã³ããã²
ã³åç©å¡©ã®å°å ¥ã®éæ¿ããæ¹æããããŸãããïŒ ã
ã¯ç¹ã«æããªãéãééïŒ ã瀺ãããïŒãã¯ç¹ã«
æããªãéãã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã瀺ãããããŠç¹ã«æããª
ãéããã¹ãŠã®æº¶æ¶²ã¯æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã§ããã ä¹³å€ïŒãïŒ ãããã®ä¹³å€ã¯ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãåŸãããã«ã¯ããªãšãŒãã«çµ
å嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã®äœ¿çšãå¿ é ã§ããããšã瀺
ãã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒå¯Ÿç §ïŒïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒç¡ãïŒ ç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.12ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ãã
ã³ïŒ0.0135ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ã1.00ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠå¡©åãª
ããŠã æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ïŒ0.4ã70âåã³PH3.0ã§
調補ãããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã«ä¿æããã
溶液ã«ãç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ7.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒ
åã³å¡©åãªããŠã ïŒ9.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡«é žã¢ã³ã¢ã
ãŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ããã³ïŒ0.027ã¢ã«
æ¿åºŠïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ïŒãäºéãžãšããã«ãã€
ãŠäžå®é床ã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®1.1ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
æ·»å ããã æåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²
åã³ïŒ£ãäºéãžãšããã«ãã€ãŠå éãããæµé
ïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµäºãŸã§ã20åãããªãã¡çµãã®
æµéãã¹ã¿ãŒãæã®æµéãã20åéãïŒã§ïŒåé
ïŒå šç¡é žéã®98.9ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§æ·»å ãããæ²æŸ±ç
æã®éã«ãå šäœã§0.67ã¢ã«ã®ç¡é žéãæ¶è²»ãã
ãã70âã§PH3.0ãä¿æããããã«ãæ°Žé žåãªã
ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ1.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšããã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒå¯Ÿç §ïŒïŒAgCl99.8Br0.2ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãèåãããªãŠã
ïŒ0.0025ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ããã³ïŒ0.0185ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒãå«ã骚ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ1.5ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã
溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0åã³70âã§èª¿è£œãããæå
ã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã«ä¿æãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ãç¡é ž
éïŒ7.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²åã³ç¡é žã¢
ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠ
ã ïŒ4.49ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ïŒããäºé
ãžãšããã«ãã€ãŠå éæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµäºãŸ
ã§ïŒåïŒã§12åéã«ããã€ãŠæ·»å ãããPHã3.0
ã«ä¿æããããã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ã䜿çšããã
æ²æŸ±çæã®éã«ã0.50ã¢ã«ã®ç¡é žéãæ¶è²»ããã ä¹³å€ïŒãAgCl99.8Br0.2ããŒã©ãã³âããã¿ã€ã¶
ãŒTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã ããªïŒïŒâãã¢ãã³ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãâã³âïŒ
âã¢ã¯ãªããã·ãããã³âïŒâã¹ã«ãã³é žããã
ãªãŠã å¡©ïŒãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒã®ããª
ããŒ0.75ïŒ ããã¢ããã³ïŒ0.0185ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é ž
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãèåãããªãŠã
ïŒ0.0025ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ã骚ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ1.5ïŒ ãŒã©ã
ã³ã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0åã³70âã§èª¿è£œããã
ä¹³å€ïŒã¯ãä¹³å€ïŒãšåäžã®æº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ãåã³ïŒ€ãäŸ
ïŒã«åãæ¹æ³ã§å ããããšã«ãã€ãŠèª¿è£œãããæ²
柱çæã®éã«0.50ã¢ã«éã®ç¡é žéãæ¶è²»ãããã 第ïŒå³ã第ïŒå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒå³ã¯ä¹³å€ïŒïŒå¯Ÿç §ïŒãä¹³
å€ïŒïŒå¯Ÿç §ïŒåã³ä¹³å€ïŒã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçã§ããã第
ïŒå³ã¯åçã1500åã§ããã®ã«å¯Ÿãã第ïŒå³åã³
第ïŒå³ã¯å ±ã«åçã600åã§ãããä¹³å€ïŒãå¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åãå«ãã®ã«å¯Ÿããä¹³å€ïŒåã³ä¹³å€ïŒã¯äžé®®
æãªéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®çæã瀺ããŠããã®ã«éããª
ããä¹³å€ïŒãïŒåã³ïŒãäžç·ã«èæ ®ããã°ããã
ã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãåŸ
ãããã¯ãããªãšãŒãã«çµåãå«ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒ
ã䜿çšããããšã®éèŠãããããã§ããããä¹³å€
ïŒã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ä»¥äžã®ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«æŽã«è©³ãã瀺ãé
ãã§ãããç¹ã«èšããå Žåãé€ããŠããããã®å
ã³ä»¥äžã®äŸã®ä¹³å€ã«ãããŠãã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åå¹³åçŽ
åŸåã³ããŒã»ã³ãææ é¢ç©ãèšç®ããéã«çŽåŸ
0.6ÎŒïœæªæºã®ããããã®å¹³æ¿ç²åãå«ãŸãããã
äžååãªå°ããªçŽåŸã®ç²åãååšããããšã«ãã€
ãŠå ±åããæ°åãããªãåããããšã¯ãªãã€ãã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒAgCl99.7Br0.3ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒ
APSAãåäžãžãšããïŒ ãã®äŸã¯åäžãžãšããæ²æŸ±ããã»ã¹ã«ãããã
ãã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã®è£œé ã説æããã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ1.62ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³ïŒ0.015ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.005ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«
ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ1.25ïŒ
ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0åã³70âã§èª¿è£œ
ãããç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ7.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãã
æåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡
ã«äžå®é床ã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®1.1ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
ã§åäžãžãšãããçšããŠå ãããæ¬¡ãã§æº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ã
å éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«20åïŒ
ã§ãæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ãæ¶è²»ããããŸã§å ãããPH3.0ãä¿
æããããã«ãæ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ1.0ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãçšããããã®ä¹³å€ã調補ãã
ã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.67ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã ãã®ä¹³å€ã«ãã€ãŠèª¿è£œããããããã«èŠå®ãã
é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®ç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡š
ã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAã
äžå®æµéïŒ ãã®äŸã¯ããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äžå®æµéãçšããŠæ²æŸ±
ãããäŸã説æããã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã äºæ°Žå¡©ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ã
ãã³ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã
ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«
æ¯ïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.625ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4
ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãª
ã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶
æ¶²ïŒ3.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液
ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãäžå®é床ã§äºéãžãšã
ããçšããŠïŒåéã§å ãããPHã2.6ã«ä¿æãã
ããã«ãæ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã
溶液ïŒãçšããããã®ä¹³å€ã補é ããã®ã«äœ¿çš
ããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.50ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã åŸãããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§
ããã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAãLiCl
å¡©ïŒ ãã®äŸã¯å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã®ãããã«å¡©åãªããŠ
ã ã䜿çšããçµæã瀺ãã å¡©åãªããŠã ïŒ1.00ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.0135ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.12
ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒ
氎溶液ïŒ1.32ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0
åã³70âã§èª¿è£œãããä¹³å€ïŒã«ãããŠè¿°ã¹ã溶液
ãšåäžã®æº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ãåã³ïŒ€ã調補ããä¹³å€ïŒã®å Ž
åãšåæ§ã«ããŠå ããŠããã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«
䜿çšããå¡©åéã®éã¯0.67ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã åŸãããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§
ããã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAïŒ ãã®äŸã¯ãããäœãåå¿å®¹åšæž©åºŠåã³å¡©åç©æ¿
床ãçšããŠãããã«èŠå®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã補é ããããšã瀺ãã ã¢ããã³ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã
ïŒ0.44ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«
ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ã
ãªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œã
ããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡
ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ3.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液
ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒ
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡
é žéã®0.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®åŸã溶液åã³ïŒ£ãäºéãžãšã
ããçšããŠåäžã®å éæµéãããã¢ã€ã«ïŒã¹ã¿ãŒ
ãããçµããŸã§ã«ïŒåïŒã§ã»ãŒ11åéïŒå šç¡é žé
ã®22.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããããã ããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ã®æµ
éã¯æº¶æ¶²ïŒ£ã®æµéã®ååã§ãã€ãã 11åéã®å 鿵鿷»å æéã®åŸã溶液åã³ïŒ£
ãäžå®æµéã§19åéå ãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ã®æµéã¯æº¶æ¶²
ïŒ£ã®æµéã®ååã§ãã€ãïŒå šç¡é žéã®77.2ïŒ ãæ¶
è²»ïŒãPH2.6ãä¿æããããã«ãæ°Žé žåãããªãŠã
氎溶液ïŒ1.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãçšãããæ²æŸ±
çæã®éæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æãããã
ã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.50
ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã補é ããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã第ïŒè¡š
ã«ç€ºãããŸãã調補ããä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç
600åïŒã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAãåå¿
容åšäžã«NH4 +åã¯Br-ååšããïŒ ãã®äŸã¯åå¿å®¹åšäžã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã åã¯èåç©
ã€ãªã³ã®ãããããå«ãŸããããšãªããããã«èŠ
å®ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã補é ã
ãäŸã瀺ãã ã¢ããã³ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠ
ã ïŒ0.44ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢
ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4
ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãª
ã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ãæ°Žé žåãããªãŠã
ïŒ0.014ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ3.0ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液
ïŒ4.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒããäºéãžãšãããçšã
ãŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šéã®1.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒãå
ãããæåã®ïŒåéã®åŸãæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿
床ãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£ãäºéãžãšãã
ãçšããŠå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§
ã«ïŒåïŒã§11åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®44.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒå
ããã ãã®11åéã®å éæµéæéã®åŸã溶液åã³ïŒ£
ãäžå®æµéã§6.5åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®54.4ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
ã§å ããã ãã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯
0.50ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã 調補ããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§
ããã ä¹³å€ïŒïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAã85âïŒ ãã®äŸã¯85âã®æ²æŸ±æž©åºŠã§ããã«èšèŒããé«ã¢
ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã補é ããããšã瀺
ãã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Ž
溶液ïŒ1.25ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0å
ã³85âã§èª¿è£œãããç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«
æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ4.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã®
æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ïŒãç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ7.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã
溶液ïŒåã³æ°Žé žåãªããŠã 氎溶液ïŒ1.0ã¢ã«æ¿
åºŠãæº¶æ¶²ïŒ€ïŒã調補ãããããŠæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãª
ã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ä¹³å€ïŒã補é ããå Žå
ãšåãããã«ããŠå ããããã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®
ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.67ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã 調補ããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§
ããã調補ããä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒ600åïŒã第
ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã ä¹³å€10ïŒAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAïŒ ãã®äŸã¯æ¬çºæã®å®æœã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ããããšã
ã§ããç¬ç¹ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶çµæ¶æ§é ã瀺ãã ã¢ããã³ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã
ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«
ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ã
ãªããŒã溶液ïŒ2.0ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œã
ããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡
ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ3.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液
ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ4.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒ
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡
é žéã®1.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒå ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéã®æ·»å ã®åŸãæåã®å¡©
åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£ã
å éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«ïŒåïŒ
ã§11åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®44.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã ãã®11åéã®å 鿵鿷»å æéã®åŸãæåã®å¡©
åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£ã
äžå®æµéã§çŽïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®54.4ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
ã§å ããã PH2.6ãä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶液
ïŒ1.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³å€ã
調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯2.5ã¢ã«ã§ã
ã€ãã ãã®ããã«ããŠèª¿è£œããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã第ïŒ
衚ã«ç€ºãããŸãããã®ããã«ããŠèª¿è£œããä¹³å€ã®
é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒ600åïŒã第ïŒïŒïœå³ã«ç€ºãã第ïŒ
ïŒïœå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïŒïœå³ã¯ãããããä¹³å€10ã®ãµã³
ãã«ãçŽäžïŒåŸæ0ãïŒåã³è§åºŠãæãããŠïŒåŸæ
60ãïŒã§æ®ã€ãé»åé¡åŸ®é¡åçã§ããã第ïŒïŒïœ
å³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïŒïœå³ã®æ¡å€§åçã¯10000åã§ããã ä¹³å€10ã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®çµæ¶æ§
é ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ãåŸæ¥ã®äž
è¬çãªä¹³å€ãšæ¯èŒããããã«ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®
å¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åä¹³å€ããã®ç²åãå¯Ÿç §ãšããŠäœ¿
çšãããå¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åãïŒ111ïŒçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«
ãã€ãŠå®å šã«åãå²ãŸããŠããããšã¯åŸæ¥ããäž
è¬çã«èªããããŠããããšã§ãããæ¯èŒã®ããã«
詊éšããå¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åã¯æ¶²äœçªçŽ ã®æž©åºŠãŸã§
å·åŽãããããŠ100KVã§æäœããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ã«
眮ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åã貫éããé»åããŒã
ã¯ã¯ãªã¹ã¿ã«å¹³é¢ã«ãã€ãŠåæãããã第ïŒïŒïœ
å³ã®äžå€®ãªã³ã°ã®ãŸããã«äžå€®ããŒã äœçœ®ããç
è·é¢ã®ãšããã«ïŒåã®ã¹ããããæããã«èªãã
ããããããã®ã¹ãããã¯ïŒ220ïŒçµæ¶å¹³é¢ãã
ã®åå°ã§ãããïŒã¹ãããã®ç¬¬ïŒã®å€åŽã®ãªã³ã°
ãèªãããããããããã¯å¥ã®çµæ¶é¢ããã®åå°
ã§ãããçŽæ¥èå³ã®ãªããã®ã§ãããïŒçæãã
ãé»åããŒã åæã¹ããããã¿ãŒã³ãšçµæ¶ãšããž
æ§é ãšã®é¢ä¿ã瀺ãããã«ã詊éšç²åã®é»åé¡åŸ®
é¡åçã¯é»åããŒã åæãã¿ãŒã³äžã«é©åœã«è§åºŠ
ããªããŠé äœãããŠç€ºããŠãããïŒé©åœãªè§åºŠé
äœã¯æ€éã®ç®çã§å ¬ç¥ã®åæç¹æ§ãæããäžæçµ
æ¶ãçšããããšã«ãã€ãŠç¢ºèªãããïŒç¬¬ïŒïŒïœå³
ãæ§æããææãããïŒ220ïŒå¹³é¢ããã®åå°ã«å¯Ÿ
å¿ããïŒåã®æãå åŽã®åå°ã¹ãããã¯äžå€®é»å
ããŒã ãšå¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åã«ãã€ãŠèŠå®ãããå
è§åœ¢ã®é ç¹ãšã®éã®ç·ã«ããããšããããã 第ïŒïŒïœ å³ã¯ã第ïŒïŒïœå³ã®ç²åã«å€ããŠä¹³å€
10ããåŸãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãçšããŠåæ§ã«ããŠåŸãã
ã®ã§ãããäžå€®é»åããŒã äœçœ®ããçè·é¢ã®å ã€
ã®ã¹ãããã®å åŽã®ãªã³ã°ãäžå€®ããŒã äœçœ®ãšå
è§åœ¢ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®é ç¹ãšã®éã®ç·ç¶ã«ããªãã
ãšãèªãããããç²åãšããžã«ã€ããŠèŠããšã
ïŒ220ïŒçµæ¶é¢ããã®åæãã¿ãŒã³ã¯ã第ïŒïŒïœå³
ã«èªããããåæãã¿ãŒã³ã«æ¯èŒããŠã30ãå転
ããŠããããã«èŠããããããããã«èŠå®ããå¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ç¬ç¹ã®çµæ¶é äœã®èšŒæ ã§ããã第ïŒïŒ
ïœ å³ã«ãããŠãäž»èŠé¢ã®å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ããïŒ211ïŒ
ã¹ãã¯ãã«ïŒå³ç€ºããŠããªãïŒã¯ïŒåã®åæã¹ã
ããã®é£æ¥ç¹ãæ¥ç¶ãã亀差ã©ã€ã³ã«åçŽã§ã
ããåã ã®å Žåã«ãïŒ211ïŒã¹ãã¯ãã«ã¯ç²åäžã®
äžå€®ã¹ãããããé ç¹ã«äŒžã³ããããŠçµæ¶é¢ã®äž
ã€ã«å¹³è¡ã§ããããã®ããã«ããã«èŠå®ãã第ïŒ
ïŒïœ å³ã«ç€ºããããªå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ïŒçµæ¶é¢ã¯ïŒ
211ïŒçµæ¶ãã¯ãã«ã«å¹³è¡ã§ããã ãã®ãåã³åæ§ã«è©Šéšããä»ã®ä¹³å€ãµã³ãã«ã
ããäžèšä¹³å€ïŒãïŒã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ããããåæ§
ã®çµæ¶æ§é ã瀺ããã®ãšæãããã ä¹³å€11ïŒAgCl99Blãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒAAïŒ
MOESïŒ ãã®äŸã¯ããªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒã
å€ããŠãããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã調補ããäŸã瀺
ãããã®äŸã¯æŽã«åå 墿ã«å¯Ÿããå¿çæ§ã瀺
ãã ããªïŒïŒâãã¢ãã³ãã«ã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãâã³â
ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žâã³âïŒâã¡ã¿ã¯ãªãã€ã«ãªãã·âãš
ãã«âïŒâã¹ã«ãã³é žããããªãŠã å¡©ïŒ
ïŒTPMAïŒAAïŒMOESãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒã
å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ã氎溶液ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液
ïŒ2.0ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããæåã®å¡©
åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·
ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒåã³ç¡é žé
氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãäºéãžãšãã
ãçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®1.2ïŒ ã
æ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæéã®åŸãæåã®å¡©å
ç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£ãäº
éãžãšãããçšããŠå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãã
ãçµããŸã§ã«2.3åïŒã§53åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®98.8
ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã PHã2.6ã«ä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶
æ¶²ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³
å€ã®èª¿è£œã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯2.5ã¢ã«ã§ãã€
ããåŸãããä¹³å€ã¯ãã€ãããµã€ã¯ãã³æŽæµæ¹æ³
ãçšããŠã»ãšãã©ã®å¯æº¶æ§å¡©ãåé¢ãããã®åŸãŒ
ã©ãã³ãæ·»å ããã åŸãããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§
ããããŸãä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã第
ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã ä¹³å€11ã®é墿ãµã³ãã«ãäžé ¢é žã»ã«ããŒã¹æ¯
æäœäžã«1.07ïœéïŒm2åã³3.58ïœãŒã©ãã³ïŒm2ã®
被èŠéã§è¢«èŠããããã®è¢«èŠèŠçŽ ã¯1.07ïœïŒm2ã®
ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒãïŒâïŒïŒâã¯ããâïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒâïŒâãαâïŒïœâãã³ã¿ãã·
ã«ããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ãããâïŒâãã©ãŸãã³
ãå«ããã®ã§ãã€ãããã®è¢«èŠããã«ãã³
ïŒHortonïŒïŒç»é²åæšïŒã¹ãã¯ãã«ã°ã©ãã§ïŒç§
éé²å ããããããŠïœâããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ã«ã©
ãŒçŸåå€äžã§33.4âã§ïŒåéåŠçããã 被èŠåã«ãä¹³å€ã0.25ããªã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Ag5â
ïŒïŒâãšãã«âïŒâãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªããªãã³ïŒâïŒ
âβâã¹ã«ããšãã«ããŒããã³åã³0.5ïŒ KBrïŒ
ã¢ã«Agã§éè²é åã«åå 墿ããã以å€ã«ã¯ç¬¬
ïŒã®å Žåãšåæ§ã«ããŠç¬¬ïŒã®ãµã³ãã«ã被èŠã
ãã 被èŠåã«ãä¹³å€ã0.25ããªã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã¢ã³
ãããâïŒâã¯ããâïŒâãšãã«â5â²âããšãã«
âïŒïŒ3â²âãžãšãã«ãªããµã«ã«ãã·ã¢ãã³ããã
ãã·ããïœâãã«ãšã³ã¹ã«ãããŒãåã³0.5ïŒ
KBrïŒã¢ã«Agã§ç·è²é åã«åå 墿ãã以å€ã¯
第ïŒã®åæ§ã«ããŠç¬¬ïŒã®ãµã³ãã«ã被èŠããã 第ïŒïŒïœå³ã«ãããŠããããäžã€ã®ãµã³ãã«ã®
logæåºŠãé²å ç §å°æ³¢é·ã®é¢æ°ãšããŠããããã
ããæ²ç·ïŒïŒïœïŒïŒïŒïœåã³ïŒïŒïœã¯ãããã第
ïŒã第ïŒåã³ç¬¬ïŒã®ãµã³ãã«ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããããã
ã®æ²ç·ã¯åå 墿ã«ããæåºŠæ³¢é·é åã®æ¡å€§ã®å¹
æã瀺ããŠããã ä¹³å€12ïŒAgCl94Br6ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAPSAïŒ ãã®äŸã¯ããŸãŸã§ã®äŸããé«ãå²åã®èçŽ ã䜿
çšããŠããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã補é ããäŸã瀺ãã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«
æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã
å«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ
ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œ
ãããä¹³å€ïŒã®å Žåãšåæ§ã«ããŠã溶液ïŒå¡©å
ã«ã«ã·ãŠã 3.00ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠãèåãããªãŠã 0.18ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³æº¶æ¶²ïŒ£ïŒç¡é žé4.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå ã
ããPHã55âã§2.6ã«ä¿æããã®ã«æº¶æ¶²ïŒ€
ïŒNaOH1.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå ããããã®ä¹³å€ã調補
ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®æ¿åºŠã¯0.50ã¢ã«ã§ãã€
ãã 調補ããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã ä¹³å€13ïŒAgCl89Br11ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒ
AAïŒMOESïŒ ãã®äŸã¯åè¿°ã®äŸãããæŽã«é«ãå²åã®èçŽ ã
çšããŠããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã調補ããäŸã瀺ãã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã äºæ°Žå¡©ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ã
ãã³ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã
ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTPMAïŒAAïŒMOES
ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã
溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããå šæ²
柱çæã®éæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶
液ã«ãèåã«ãªãŠã ïŒ0.20ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãå¡©
åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ïŒ
åã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãäº
éãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®ã®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é ž
éã®1.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã ãã®æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæ·»å åŸã溶液å
ã³ïŒ£ãå éããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«
1.75åïŒã§äºéãžãšãããçšããŠ49åéïŒå šç¡é ž
éã®98.4ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã PHã2.6ã«ä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶
æ¶²ïŒ0.20ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³
å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.50ã¢ã«
ã§ãã€ãã 調補ããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã以äžã®ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€º
ãããŸããã®ä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã
第ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã ãšãã«ã®ãŒåæ£æ§ïŒžç·åæçšèµ°æ»åééåé»å
é¡åŸ®é¡ãçšããŠãåã ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããé©åœãªæš
æºç©è³ªãšå ±ã«ãèçŽ ã«ã€ããŠåæãããåæçµæ
ã¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã11ã¢ã«ïŒ æ¿åºŠã®èçŽ ãå«ãããšã
瀺ããã ä¹³å€14ã17 ãããã®ä¹³å€ã¯éåäœããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãäœããã
ãªãšãŒãã«çµå嫿ã¢ãããŒãŠãããã®ã¹ã«ãã³
é žå«æã¢ãããŒãŠãããã«å¯Ÿããæ¯çãå€ããäŸ
ã瀺ãã ä¹³å€14ãAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒ
MOESïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã ã¢ããã³ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã
ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«
ããããªïŒïŒâãã¢ãã³ãã«ã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãâã³
âïŒâã¡ã¿ã¯ãªãã€ã«ãªãã·ãšãã«âïŒâã¹ã«ã
ã³é žããããªãŠã å¡©ïŒïŒTPMAïŒMOESãïŒïŒïŒ
ã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4
ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããå šäœã®æ²æŸ±çæ
æéãéããŠæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãç¶æãã
溶液ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ3.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液
ïŒåã³ç¡é žéïŒ4.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã®æ°Žæº¶
æ¶²ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå š
ç¡é žéã®1.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéã®æ·»å åŸã溶液åã³
ãå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«ïŒ
åïŒã§11åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®44.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ã
ãã 11åéã®å 鿵鿷»å æéã®åŸã溶液åã³ïŒ£
ãäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®54.4ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
ã§å ããã PHã2.6ã«ä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶
æ¶²ïŒ1.06ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšãããç¡é žé
ã¯ãã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«0.50ã¢ã«äœ¿çšããã ä¹³å€15ãAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒ
MOESïŒïŒïŒ12ïŒã ã¢ãããŒæ¯TPMAïŒMOESãïŒïŒ12ã«ãã以
å€ã¯ä¹³å€14ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãæ²æŸ±æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠä¹³å€
15ã調補ããã ä¹³å€16ãAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒ
MOESïŒïŒïŒ15ïŒã ã¢ãããŒæ¯TPMAïŒMOESãïŒïŒ15ã«ãã以
å€ã¯ä¹³å€14ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãæ²æŸ±æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠä¹³å€
16ã調補ããã ä¹³å€17ãAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒ
MOESïŒïŒïŒ18ïŒã ã¢ãããŒæ¯TPMAïŒMOESãïŒïŒ18ãšãã以
å€ã¯ä¹³å€14ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãæ²æŸ±æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠä¹³å€
17ã調補ããã ä¹³å€14ã17ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ä»¥äžã®ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãé
ãã§ãããä¹³å€15ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã¯
第ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã ä¹³å€18ã20 ãããã®ä¹³å€ã¯ããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ã®èª¿è£œã«ããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒãšããŠããªãšãŒãã«çµåã
å«ãéåäœã䜿çšããå Žåã®å€åœ¢ã瀺ãã ä¹³å€18ïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAAïŒAPSAïŒ å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãããªïŒïŒ®âïŒâãã¢ãã³ãã«ã¢ã¯
ãªã«ã¢ããâã³âïŒâã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«ãªãã·ããã
ã³âïŒâã¹ã«ãã³é žããããªãŠã å¡©ïŒïŒTAAïŒ
APSAãïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ1.25ïŒ ããªã
ãŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0åã³80âã§èª¿è£œããã
æåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡
ã«ä¹³å€ïŒã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãæ¹æ³ãšåãæ¹æ³ã§ã氎溶
液ïŒå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 4.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠãç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ã
ãŠã 0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ£ïŒç¡é žé7.0ã¢ã«
æ¿åºŠïŒåã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ€ïŒæ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 1.0ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒãå ããããã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšãã
ç¡é žéã®éã¯0.67ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã æ²æŸ±çæã80âã§å®æœãã以å€ã¯ä¹³å€ïŒã«ã€ã
ãŠè¿°ã¹ãæ²æŸ±æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠä¹³å€18ã調補ããã ä¹³å€19ïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTAïŒAAïŒAPSAïŒ å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.020ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒ0.25ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãããªïŒïŒâãã¢ãã³ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬
ãŒãâã³âã¢ã¯ãªã«é žâã³âïŒâã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«ãª
ãã·ãããã³âïŒâã¹ã«ãã³é žããããªãŠã å¡©ïŒ
ïŒTAïŒAAïŒAPSAãïŒïŒïŒïŒ11ã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²
ïŒ1.25ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH3.0åã³80â
ã§èª¿è£œãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ïŒ4.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠ
ã ã0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠç¡é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒã溶液
ïŒ7.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠç¡é žéïŒåã³æº¶æ¶²ïŒ€ïŒ1.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠæ°Ž
é žåãããªãŠã ïŒããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«å šæéãéããŠæ
åã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããªãããä¹³å€ïŒã«
ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ããšåãæ¹æ³ã§å ããããã®æº¶æ¶²ã調
補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.67ã¢ã«ã§ãã€
ãã æ²æŸ±çæã80âã§å®æœãã以å€ã¯ä¹³å€ïŒã«ã€ã
ãŠè¿°ã¹ãæ²æŸ±æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠä¹³å€19ã調補ããã ä¹³å€20ïŒAgClãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTBAAïŒAAïŒ
APSAïŒ ããªïŒïŒ®âïŒâãã¢ããã«ã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ããâã³
âã¢ã¯ãªã«é žâã³âïŒâã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«ãªãã·ãã
ãã³âïŒâã¹ã«ãã³é žããããªãŠã å¡©ïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯
ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒãTAïŒAAïŒAPSAã®ä»£ãã«äœ¿çš
ãã以å€ã¯ä¹³å€19ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãæ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãŠä¹³
å€20ã調補ããã ä¹³å€18ã20ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§ã
ããä¹³å€18åã³20ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã
ãããã第ïŒïŒå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã ä¹³å€21ïŒAgCl99Br1ãããã¿ã€ã¶ãŒTPMAïŒ
AAïŒMOESïŒ ãã®äŸã¯é«ãããŒã»ã³ãã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãæã
ããããã«èŠå®ããæ¯èŒç倧ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ã瀺ãã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTPMAïŒAAïŒMOES
ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã
溶液ïŒ2.0ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããå šæ
éãéããŠæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶
液ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã
溶液ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液
ïŒãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåé
ïŒå šç¡é žéã®1.2ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæ·»å ã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãå éããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«2.3
åïŒã§äºéãžãšãããçšããŠ50åéïŒå šéã®98.8
ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã PH2.6ãç¶æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶液
ïŒ0.20ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³å€
ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯2.5ã¢ã«ã§
ãã€ãã ä¹³å€21ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã
ãã®ä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³
ã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã ä¹³å€22ïŒéè²åå å¢æïŒ ãã®äŸã¯éè²åå 墿è²çŽ ã§å¢æããå Žåã®ã
ããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã®åçæå¿æ§ã瀺ãã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Ž
溶液ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH2.6å
ã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿
æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ3.0ã¢
ã«ã溶液ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ4.0ã¢ã«ã溶液
ïŒãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåé
ïŒå šç¡é žéã®1.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæ·»å ã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠå éããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒ
ãããçµããŸã§ïŒåïŒã§11åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®44.0
ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã 11åéã®å éæµéæéã®åŸã溶液åã³ïŒ£ãäž
宿µéã§ã»ãŒ10åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®54.4ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
ã§å ããã 55âã§PH2.6ã«ä¿æããããã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠ
ã æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšããã
ãã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯
0.50ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã ãã®ä¹³å€ã23âã«å·åŽããïŒã®èžçæ°Žã«å
ããé眮ãããã«ã³ããŒã·ãšã³ãããããŠã»ãŒ
300ïœã®æ°Žæ§éªšãŒã©ãã³ïŒïŒïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒã«åæž
æ¿ãããã ãã®ä¹³å€ãã0.25ããªã¢ã«ã®ïŒâïŒïŒâãšãã«
âïŒâãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªããªãã³ïŒâïŒâβâã¹ã«
ããšãã«ããŒããã³ïŒã¢ã«Agåã³0.5ïŒ KBrïŒã¢
ã«Agã®æ·»å ã«ãã€ãŠåå 墿ããããåå çã«
墿ããããã®ãšãã«ãžãšã³ãäžé ¢é žã»ã«ããŒã¹
æ¯æäœäžã«1.07ïœéïŒm2åã³3.58ïœãŒã©ãã³ïŒm2
ã®è¢«èŠéã§è¢«èŠããããã®è¢«èŠèŠçŽ ã¯ãŸã1.07
ïœïŒm2ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒãïŒâïŒïŒâã¯ããâïŒïŒ
ïŒâãžã¡ãã«âããšãã«ïŒâïŒâãαâïŒïœâãã³
ã¿ãã·ã«ããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ãããâïŒâãã©
ãŸãã³ããå«ã¿ããããŠå šãŒã©ãã³å«éã«å¯Ÿã
1.1ééïŒ ã®ãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒãš
ãŒãã«ã§ç¡¬åããããæ¬¡ã«ããã®è¢«èŠãïŒã4.0
æ¿åºŠã¹ãããã¿ãã¬ãããéããŠ600Wåã³2850
ãã®ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³å æºã«ïŒç§éé²å ããããïœâ
ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ã«ã©ãŒçŸåå€äžã§33.4âã§ïŒ
åéåŠçãã以äžã®ã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒå€ãåŸããåå 墿 ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ã ã«ã㪠æå€§æ¿åºŠ è²çŽ ïŒKBr 1.44 0.20 2.05 ä¹³å€21ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã
ãã®ä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³
ã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã ä¹³å€23ïŒå€åä¿æ°ïŒ ãã®äŸã¯å€åä¿æ°ãçŽ20ã®ãæ¯èŒçã«å忣ã
ããããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã®è£œé ã瀺ãäŸã§ããã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.66ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Ž
溶液ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ0.4ãPH2.6å
ã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãå š
æéãéããŠäžå®ã«ä¿æããªãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡ã«ãå¡©
åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ4.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒå
ã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒãäºé
ãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®
0.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæ·»å ã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿
ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«ïŒåïŒã§11åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®
22.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ã®æµéã¯æº¶æ¶²ïŒ£
ã®æ·»å æµéã®ååã§ãã€ãã 11åéã®å éãããæµéæéã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãäžå®æµéã§çŽ23åéïŒå šç¡é žéã®70.0ïŒ ãæ¶
è²»ïŒã§å ãããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¢ã®æµéã¯æº¶æ¶²ïŒ£ã®æµéã®å
åã§ãã€ãã æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ1.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶
液ïŒã55âã§PH2.6ã«ä¿æããã®ã«äœ¿çšããã
ãã®ä¹³å€ãæ²æŸ±ãããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯
0.50ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã åŸãããä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãéãã§
ããããã®ä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã¯ç¬¬
ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãéãã§ããã ä¹³å€24 ãã®äŸã¯ãéè²åå 墿è²çŽ ã§å¢æãããå Žå
ã®ãããã«èŠå®ããä¹³å€ã®åçæå¿æ§ã瀺ããã€
éè²åå 墿è²çŽ ãååšããªãå Žåã«åŸãããã
ã®ãšã®æ§èœã®æ¯èŒãããäŸã§ããã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTPMAïŒAAïŒMOESïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ïŒ ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ
4.0ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããå šæéãéã
ãŠæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãç¶æããªãããæº¶æ¶²
ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶
液ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒ
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡
é žéã®1.2ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæéã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿
ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«2.3åïŒã§52åéïŒå šç¡é žé
ã®98.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã 55âã§PH2.6ãä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã
氎溶液ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšãããã
ã®æäœã®çµç¹ãŸã§ã«PHã¯åŸã ã«2.8ã«è¿ã¥ããã
ãã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯
5.0ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã ãã®ä¹³å€ã¯23âã«å·åŽããèžçæ°Ž30ã«å ãã
é眮ãããã«ã³ããŒã·ãšã³ãããããŠ4.0ïŒ ãŒã©
ãã³æº¶æ¶²çŽ1.4Kgã«åæžæ¿ãããã ãã®ä¹³å€ã0.25ããªã¢ã«ã®ïŒâïŒïŒâãšãã«â
ïŒâãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªããªãã³ïŒâïŒâβâã¹ã«ã
ãšãã«ããŒããã³ïŒã¢ã«Agåã³0.5ïŒ KBrïŒã¢ã«
Agã®æ·»å ã«ãã€ãŠåå 墿ãããããã®åå å¢
æãããä¹³å€ãäžé ¢é žã»ã«ããŒã¹æ¯æäœã«1.07ïœ
éïŒm2åã³3.58ïœãŒã©ãã³ïŒm2ã®è¢«èŠéã§è¢«èŠã
ãããã®è¢«èŠèŠçŽ ã¯1.07ïœïŒm2ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©
ãŒãïŒâïŒïŒâã¯ããâïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâïŒâãαïŒïœâãã³ã¿ãã·ã«ããšããã·ïŒã
ãã«ã¢ãããâïŒâãã©ãŸãã³ããå«ã¿ããããŠ
å šãŒã©ãã³å«éã«å¯Ÿã1.1ïŒ ã®ãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«
ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒãšãŒãã«ã§ç¡¬åããããæ¬¡ã«ãã
ã®è¢«èŠã600Wåã³2850ãã®ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³æåã«
ïŒã4.0æ¿åºŠã¹ãããã¿ãã¬ãããéããŠïŒç§é
é²å ããããåŠçã¯ïœâããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ã«ã©
ãŒçŸåå€äžã«ãããŠ33.4âã§ïŒåéè¡ã€ããåŸã
ããã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒå€ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ããã ã衚ã äžã®è¡šããæãããªããã«ãéè²åå 墿ãã
å¹³æ¿ç¶AgClBrïŒ99ïŒïŒïŒç²åä¹³å€ã¯0.76logEã®å¢
倧åçæåºŠã瀺ããã ãã®ä¹³å€ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã以äžã®ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºããã
ã®ä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçïŒåç600åïŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³ã«
瀺ãéãã§ããã ã衚ã
â
(1ïŒ1ïŒ7)
ã衚ã 以äžã®ä¹³å€ã¯ããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®æé·
ã®éçšã§ïœ111ïœãšããžããïœ110ïœãšããžãžã®è»¢
ç§»ã瀺ããæŽã«ãããã®ä¹³å€ã¯ããé«ãã¬ãã«ã§
ã®ã¢ããã³ã®äœ¿çšã«ããïœ110ïœãšããžãžã®æå¶
ã瀺ãã ä¹³å€25Aãïœ110ïœãšããžãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶AgClç²
åã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.50ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³èåãããªãŠã ïŒ0.013ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTPMAïŒAAïŒMOESïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ0.63ããªããŒã溶液ïŒ2.0
ãPH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããå šæéãéããŠ
ãã®æåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ïŒ¡
ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液
ïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒ
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡
é žéã®0.75ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéæ·»å ã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«
2.3åïŒã§äºéãžãšãããçšããŠ15åéïŒå šç¡é ž
éã®18.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã 15åéã®å éãããæµéæéã®åŸã溶液åã³
ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§çŽ46åé
ïŒå šç¡é žéã®80.5ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã 55âã§PH2.6ãä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã
氎溶液ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã溶液ïŒã䜿çšãããã
ã®ä¹³å€ãæ²æŸ±ãããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯
4.0ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã åå¿å®¹åšäžã«Ag1.05ã¢ã«ãå°å ¥ããåŸããã®
ä¹³å€ã詊éšãããšãããç²åã¯ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãé
ãã§ãã€ããä¹³å€10ã«ã€ããŠäžã«è¿°ã¹ãããã«ã
ãŠç²åãšããžãæ±ããç²å詊éšãè¡ã€ããšããã
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšããžã¯ïœ111ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ããŠ
ããããšãããã€ããåå¿å®¹åšäžã«Ag1.68ã¢ã«
ãå°å ¥ããåŸã«ãä¹³å€ãåã³è©Šéšããããã®çµ
æãç²åã¯ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãéãã§ãã€ãã第ïŒïŒ
å³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³ã¯å ±ã«åç600åã§ããã第ïŒïŒ
å³ã¯ç¬¬ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºããä¹³å€ãããšã€ãåäžã®ç²å
ã®15500åã®åçã®åçã§ããã12åã®èå¥ã§ã
ããšããžãç²åã«ååšããããšã«æ³šç®ããããã
ãšããžã®ååã¯ïœ111ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ãããã
ãŠæ®ãã®ååã¯ïœ110ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ãããå
å¿å®¹åšäžã«Ag4.0ã¢ã«ãå°å ¥ããåŸãåã³ä¹³å€10
ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãããã«ä¹³å€ãæ€æ»ããããã®æ€æ»
ã®çµæãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ïœ110ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ã«äœçœ®ã
ããšããžãæããããšã倿ããããã®ä¹³å€ã®å
ç600åã®åçã第ïŒïŒå³ã«ç€ºãããã®äŸã¯å¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åã®æé·ã®éçšã§ïœ111ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ãšããžã
ãïœ110ïœçµæ¶å¹³é¢ç²åãšããžãžã®è»¢ç§»ãèµ·ãã
ãšãç«èšŒã§ããã ä¹³å€25Bãïœ111ïœãšããžãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶AgClç²
åã æ²æŸ±æäœã®éçšã§è¿œå ã®ã¢ããã³ãå ãã以å€
ã¯ãä¹³å€25Aãšåæ§ã«ããŠä¹³å€25Bãæ²æŸ±ãã
ããæ²æŸ±æäœã®éå§20ååŸããå§ããŠïŒåééã§
0.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 溶液25mläžã«æžæ¿ã
ãã1.0ïœéã®ã¢ããã³ã溶液ã«ïŒåå ããã
55âã§PH2.6ãä¿æããããã«ã¢ããã³ã®åæ·»å
æã«ç¡é žãå ããã ä¹³å€25Aã¯å¹³ååã0.28ÎŒïœãå¹³åç²åãµã€ãº
6.2ÎŒïœãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯21ïŒïŒåã³ç²åã®80ïŒ ãæ
æ é¢ç©ã«åºã¥ããŠå¹³ç¶æ¿ã§ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶AgClç²
åãå«ããã®ã§ãã€ããä¹³å€25Bã®æ²æŸ±éçšã«ã
ããŠè¿œå ã®ã¢ããã³ãååšãããããšã«ãã
ïœ110ïœãšããžã®çæã鲿¢ããããïœ111ïœãšããž
ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ãä¹³å€25Bã¯ãå¹³ååã0.50ÎŒ
ïœãå¹³åç²åãµã€ãº5.8ÎŒïœãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯11.6ïŒ
ïŒãåã³ææ 衚é¢ç©ã«åºã¥ããŠç²åã®85ïŒ ãå¹³æ¿
ç¶ã§ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã§ãã€ãã ä¹³å€26Aãïœ110ïœãšããžãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶AgClç²
åã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.013ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãTAïŒAPSAïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«
æ¯ïŒ0.63ééïŒ ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²2.0ãPH2.6åã³70âã§èª¿
補ãããå šæ²æŸ±éçšãéããŠæåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³
æ¿åºŠãä¿æãããã®æº¶æ¶²ã«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶
æ¶²ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿
床ïŒãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåé
ïŒå šç¡é žéã®19ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéã®æ·»å ã®åŸãåèšãã
ã²ã³åç©åã³é塩溶液ãå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒ
ãããçµããŸã§ã«1.11åïŒã§äºéãžãšãããçšã
ãŠïŒåéæ·»å ãããç¡é žéã®æ¶è²»éã¯å šç¡é žéã®
81ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã 70âã§PH2.6ãä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã
氎溶液ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³å€ã
調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.156ã¢ã«ã§
ãã€ãã åŸãããAgClä¹³å€ã¯å è§åœ¢ã®äž»èŠé¢åã³
ïœ110ïœãšããžãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ããã®ã§ã
ã€ãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å¹³åçŽåŸ1.7ÎŒïœãå¹³åå
ã0.20ÎŒïœãå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯8.5ïŒïŒãæããã
ããŠå šç²åææ é¢ç©ã®ã»ãŒ60ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã ä¹³å€26Bãïœ110ïœåã³ïœ111ïœãšããžãæããå¹³æ¿
ç¶AgClç²åã å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ãããªãâïŒïŒâãã¢ã
ãã«ïŒã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ããâã³âïŒâã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãã
âïŒâã¡ãã«ãããã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žããããªãŠã
å¡©ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒ0.63ééïŒ ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²0.4ã
PH2.6åã³55âã§èª¿è£œãããå šæ²æŸ±æéãéããŠ
ãã®æåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æããæº¶æ¶²ã«ã
å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ2.27ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ç¡é ž
éæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ4.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãäºéãžãšãããçšã
ãŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéïŒå šç¡é žéã®2.5ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒ
ã§å ããã ãã®æåã®ïŒåéã®äžå®æµéã§ã®æ·»å ã®åŸãã
ãã²ã³åç©åã³é塩氎溶液ãå éãããæµéïŒã¹
ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«4.0åïŒã§äºéãžãšããã
çšããŠ20åéïŒäœ¿çšå šç¡é žéã®67.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§
å ãããæ¬¡ã«ããã²ã³åç©åã³é塩氎溶液ãäºé
ãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®é床ã§ïŒåéïŒäœ¿çšå šç¡é ž
éã®29.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ããã 55âã§PH2.6ã«ä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã
氎溶液ïŒ0.2ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³å€ã
調補ããã®ã«äœ¿çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.324ã¢ã«ã§
ãã€ãã åŸãããAgClä¹³å€ã¯åäºè§åœ¢ã®äž»èŠé¢äžŠã³ã«
ïŒåã®ïœ110ïœãšããžåã³ïŒåã®ïœ111ïœãšããžã
亀äºã«äœçœ®ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ããã®ã§ãã€
ãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å¹³åç²åçŽåŸ1.7ÎŒïœãå¹³å
åã0.19ÎŒïœãå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯8.7ïŒïŒã®ãã®ã§
ãããå šç²åææ é¢ç©ã®ã»ãŒ70ïŒ ãå ãããã®ã§
ãã€ãã 以äžã®äŸã¯å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãïŒïŒïŒãããã
ãã«å€§ããä¹³å€ã瀺ãäŸã§ããã ä¹³å€27ïŒAgCl79Br21ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯8.2ïŒïŒïŒ 0.625ééïŒ ã®TPMAïŒAAïŒMOESïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒ0.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãè
åãããªãŠã ïŒ0.0125ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³ã¢ããã³
ïŒ0.0259ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãå«ã氎溶液0.4ãæ²æŸ±å®¹åš
äžã«å ¥ãããããŠPH2.6åã³55âã§æ¹æãããã
ã®æ²æŸ±å®¹åšã«ãèåã«ãªãŠã ïŒ0.10ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã
å«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒåã³
ç¡é žé氎溶液ïŒ2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠïŒãäºéãžãšããã
çšããŠäžå®æµéã§ïŒåéå ããïŒå šç¡é žéã®1.6
ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã次ãã§ãåèšããã²ã³åç©å¡©åã³é
塩溶液ãå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§
ã«1.75åïŒã§48.4åéã§å ããïŒäœ¿çšå šç¡é žéã®
98.4ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒãå šæäœã®éãéããŠæ²æŸ±å®¹åšäž
ã«æåã®å¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãä¿æãããPHã2.6
ã«ä¿æããã®ã«æ°Žé žåãããªãŠã 氎溶液ïŒ0.2ã¢
ã«æ¿åºŠïŒã䜿çšããããã®ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«äœ¿
çšããç¡é žéã®éã¯0.5ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã åŸãããå¹³æ¿ç¶èå¡©åéä¹³å€ã¯2.0ÎŒïœãããã
ãã«å€§ããïŒæšå®å€2.05ÎŒïœïŒå¹³åå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åçŽ
åŸã0.25ÎŒïœã®å¹³åå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²ååãåã³ïŒïŒïŒã
ããããã«å€§ããïŒæšå®å€8.2ïŒïŒïŒå¹³åã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ãæãããã®ã§ãã€ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å šç²
åææ é¢ç©ã®50ïŒ ããå€ãã€ãã 以äžã®ä¹³å€ã¯ããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãåŸã
ããã«ã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã®ä»£ãã«æ²çŽ ã䜿çšã
ãããšãã§ããããšã瀺ãäŸã§ããããã®ç²å調
è£œæ¹æ³ãçšããå Žåã«ã¯ãçŽïŒã10ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®ç²å
æ¿åºŠã«ãããŠæ²çŽ ã䜿çšããã®ã奜ãŸãããäžè¬
çã«èšãã°ããã®çºæã®å¥œãŸããè£œé æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€
ãŠã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ã䜿çšããå Žåãããäœã
å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãåŸãããã ä¹³å€28ïŒååŠåã³åå 墿ãããAgCl99Br1ä¹³
å€ïŒ 0.63ïŒ TPMAïŒAAïŒMOESïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã¢ã«
æ¯ïŒåã³0.026ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®ã¢ããã³ãå«ã溶液2.0
ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«å ¥ããããã®æº¶æ¶²ã¯æŽã«0.5M
å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã åã³0.0125MèåãããªãŠã ãå«
ããã®ã§ãã€ããPHã55âã§2.6ã«èª¿ç¯ãããã
ã®åå¿å®¹åšã«ã2.0Må¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 溶液åã³
2.0Mç¡é žé溶液ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®é
床ã§ïŒåéïŒäœ¿çšå šç¡é žéã®1.2ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒïŒã¹ã¿
ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«2.33åïŒã§15åéç¶ç¶ãã䜿
çšããå šç¡é žéã®30.0ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ãããä¹³å€èª¿è£œã®
éãpClãæ·»å éå§ïŒååŸã«æž¬å®ãã§å ãããæ¬¡
ã«ãæº¶æ¶²ã®æ·»å ãå éãããæµéã§åå¿å®¹åšå ã®
å€ã«ä¿æãããæ¬¡ã«ãåèšæº¶æ¶²ãäžå®æµéã§æŽã«
26åéå ãã䜿çšããå šç¡é žéã®68.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ã
ããæ²æŸ±ã®æåã®1/3ã®æéã0.2Mæ°Žé žåãããª
ãŠã 溶液ãåŸã ã«å ãã55âã§PHã2.6ã«ä¿æã
ããæ²æŸ±çæã®éå šç¡é žé2.6ã¢ã«ãæ¶è²»ããã
ä¹³å€ã23âã«å·åŽãã0.001ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®ç¡é ž15
ã«æ·»å ããé眮ãããããŠæåŸã«ãã®åºåœ¢ç©ãïŒ
ïŒ éªšãŒã©ãã³ïŒäžã«æžæ¿ãããã ãã®ä¹³å€ã®ç²åã¯å¹³åçŽåŸ4.5ÎŒïœåã³å¹³ååã
0.28ÎŒïœãæãããã®ã§ãã€ãã0.5ÎŒïœæªæºã®å
ãåã³å°ãªããšã0.6ÎŒïœã®çŽåŸãæããç²åã¯å¹³
åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯16ïŒïŒã瀺ãããããŠå šææ é¢ç©
ã®80ïŒ ãã倧ããé¢ç©ãå ãããåŸãããå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã¯12é¢äœã§ãããïœ110ïœåã³ïœ111ïœãšããž
ã®ååšã瀺åããŠããã å¹³æ¿ç¶AgClç²åä¹³å€ãïŒã€ã®éšåã«åå²ãã
éšåã¯ååŠçåã¯åå çã«å¢æããŠãªãããã
ãŠããªãšã¹ãã«ãã€ã«ã æ¯æäœäžã«1.07ïœéïŒm2
åã³4.3ïœãŒã©ãã³ïŒm2ã®è¢«èŠéã§è¢«èŠãããã®
ã§ããã éšåã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ããŠå¢æããããç¡«åé
ïŒ1.0mgïŒã¢ã«HgïŒãæ·»å ãããããŠä¹³å€ã65â
ã«ïŒåéä¿æããããã®ä¹³å€ããã¢ã³ãããâïŒ
âã¯ããâïŒâãšãã«â5â²âããšãã«âïŒïŒ3â²â
ãã¹ïŒïŒâã¹ã«ããããã«ïŒãªããµã«ã«ãã·ã¢ã
ã³ããããã·ããããªãšãã«ã¢ãã³å¡©ïŒ0.75ããª
ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«AgïŒã§40âã§10åéåå 墿ããæ¬¡
ãã§éšåãšåæ§ã«è¢«èŠãããã®ã§ãããååŠå
ã³åå 墿ã¯äœ¿çšãã墿å€ã«å¯ŸããŠæé©ã®ãã®
ã§ãã€ãã éšååã³ïŒ€ã¯æé©ã«å¢æããããã®ã§ããã
éšåã«ã0.75ããªã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã®ã¢ã³ããã
âïŒâã¯ããâïŒâãšãã«â5â²âããšãã«âïŒïŒ
3â²âãã¹ïŒïŒâã¹ã«ããããã«ïŒãªããµã«ã«ãã·
ã¢ãã³ããããã·ãã®ããªãšãã«ã¢ãã³å¡©ãå
ãããããŠãã®ä¹³å€ã40âã§10åéä¿æãããæ¬¡
ã«ã3.0ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®NaBrïŒå šããã²ã³åéåºæºïŒã
å ãããããŠãã®ä¹³å€ã40âã§ïŒåéä¿æããã
次ã«ãNa2S2O3ã»5H2OmgïŒã¢ã«AgãNaSCN
ïŒ1600mgïŒã¢ã«AgïŒåã³KAuCl4ïŒïŒmgïŒã¢ã«AgïŒ
ãå ãããããŠãã®ä¹³å€ã被èŠåã«65âã§ïŒåé
ä¿æãããéšåã¯10mgïŒã¢ã«Agã®Na2S2O3ã»
5H2Oã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯äžèšéšåãšåæ§ã«ããŠ
墿ããããã®ã§ããã åèšè¢«èŠã600Wåã³5500ãã®ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³å
æºã«ïŒã4.0æ¿åºŠã¹ãããã¿ãã¬ãããéããŠ1/5
ïŒç§é²å ããããããŠïŒ®âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããã
ãšããŒã«ãµã«ããšãŒãïŒElonïŒïŒç»é²åæšïŒã¢ã¹
ã³ã«ãã³é žè¡šé¢çŸåå€äžã«ãããŠ20âã§10åéåŠ
çãããåŸãããã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒå€ã¯ä»¥äžã«ç€º
ãéãã§ããã ã衚ã ïŒ ãã®å®éšã®æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãããŠæå€§æ¿åºŠã¯ã«ããª
äž0.1ã®æåºŠéçæ°Žæºã«å°éããªãã€ãããã
ããéšååã³ïŒ¢ã«ã€ããŠãé²å åã³åŠçæ¡ä»¶
ãå€ããããšã«ãã€ãŠç»åãåŸãããã365n
ïœã®é²å ã§ã¯éšååã³ïŒ¢ã¯éšååã³ïŒ€ãã
çŽ2logEæåºŠãäœãã€ãã 第ïŒè¡šã®çµæã¯æé©ã«å¢æãããä¹³å€ã®æ¥µã
ãŠåªããæåºŠã瀺ããŠããã 以äžã®äŸã¯ããã«èŠå®ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€ãããã«
广µããããã²ã³åç©çµæã®éå¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€ããé«
ã被èŠåã瀺ãäŸã§ããã ä¹³å€29AïŒéå¹³æ¿ç¶AgCl98Br2ä¹³å€ïŒ 0.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 骚ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²
ïŒ1.0ééïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ2.0ã«ãPH2.6åã³55âã§
èåãããªãŠã 0.04ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠãå«ãå¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠ
ã ã®2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠæº¶æ¶²åã³ç¡é žéã®2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠæº¶
æ¶²ããäºéãžãšãããçšããŠäžå®é床ã§ïŒåé
ïŒäœ¿çšåç¡é žéã®0.9ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ãããæ¬¡ã«ã
åèšããã²ã³åç©åã³é塩溶液ãäºéãžãšããã
çšããŠå éãããæµéïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«
3.6åïŒã§çŽ25.2åéã§å ãããïŒå šç¡é žéã®50.5
ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã次ã«ãåèšããã²ã³åç©åã³éå¡©æ°Ž
溶液ãäžå®éåºŠã§æŽã«15.8åéå ãã䜿çšå šç¡é ž
éã®48.9ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ãããå šæ²æŸ±çæã®éãå¡©åç©
ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãäžå®ã«ä¿æããããã®ä¹³å€ã調補ã
ãã®ã«äœ¿çšããéå¡©ã®éã¯çŽ1.15ã¢ã«ã§ãã€ãã
æ²æŸ±ã«åŒãç¶ãããã®ä¹³å€ãèžçæ°Žäžã«åæ£ã
ããé眮ãããã«ã³ããŒã·ãšã³ãããããŠæ¬¡ã«ã»
ãŒ0.5ã®éªšãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ3.0ééïŒ ïŒäžã«å
æžæ¿ãããããã®ä¹³å€ã®ç²åã¯éå¹³æ¿ç¶ã§å¹³åçŽ
åŸ0.94ÎŒïœã§ãã€ãã ä¹³å€29BïŒå¹³æ¿ç¶AgCl98Br2ä¹³å€ïŒ 0.625ééïŒ ã®TPMAïŒAAïŒMOESïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒãå«ã0.5ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã
åã³0.26ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®ã¢ããã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²2.0ã«ãPH
2.6åã³55âã§ã0.04ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®èåãããªãŠã
ãå«ã2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液åã³
2.0ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã®ç¡é žé氎溶液ãäºéãžãšãããçš
ããŠäžå®é床ã§ïŒåéïŒäœ¿çšå šç¡é žéã®4.2ïŒ ã
æ¶è²»ïŒã§å ãããæ¬¡ã«ãåèšããã²ã³åç©åã³é
塩溶液ãäºéãžãšãããçšããŠå éãããæµé
ïŒã¹ã¿ãŒãããçµããŸã§ã«1.4åïŒã§çŽ19åéïŒäœ¿
çšå šéå¡©ã®95.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã§å ãããå šæ²æŸ±çæ
ã®éãå¡©åç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã¯äžå®ã«ä¿æããããã®
ä¹³å€ã調補ããã®ã«çŽ0.72ã¢ã«ã®éå¡©ã䜿çšã
ããæ²æŸ±ã®åŒãç¶ãããã®ä¹³å€ã55âã§2.5æé
æ¹æäžã«ä¿æãããæ¬¡ã«ããã®ä¹³å€ãèžçæ°Žäžã«
忣ãããé眮ãããã«ã³ããŒã·ãšã³ãããããŠ
骚ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒ3.0ééïŒ ïŒçŽ0.25äžã«å
æžæ¿ãããã ãã®ä¹³å€ã¯å¹³ååã0.3ÎŒïœãå¹³åçŽåŸ2.8ÎŒïœå
ã³å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯9.3ïŒïŒã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå«ã
ãã®ã§ãã€ãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å šååšç²åã®æ
æ é¢ç©ã®85ïŒ ãå ããã ä¹³å€29Aãããªãšã¹ãã«ãã€ã«ã æ¯æäœäžã«
3.26ïœéïŒm2åã³11.6ïœãŒã©ãã³ïŒm2ã§è¢«èŠã
ããåæ§ã«ãä¹³å€29Bã3.07ïœéïŒm2åã³11.6ïœ
ãŒã©ãã³ïŒm2ã§è¢«èŠããããããã®äž¡è¢«èŠãæ°Žé
èžæ°ã©ã³ãã«365nïœæ³¢é·ã§ïŒã6.0æ¿åºŠã¹ããã
ã¿ãã¬ããïŒ0.30æ¿åºŠã¹ãããïŒãéããŠïŒç§é
é²å ããããŠïœâã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«
ãµã«ããšãŒãïŒElonïŒïŒç»é²åæšïŒâããããã
ã³çŸåå€äžã«ãããŠ20âã§ïŒåéåŠçããã ã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒå€ã¯ãã®å¹³æ¿ç¶AgClBr
ïŒ98ïŒïŒïŒç²åä¹³å€ãAgClBrïŒ98ïŒïŒïŒã®äžæ¬¡å
ç²åä¹³å€ããé«ã被èŠåãæããããšã瀺ããã
ä¹³å€29Aã®è¢«èŠã¯ïŒžç·è¢å åæã«ãã€ãŠæ±ãããš
ãã96.1ïŒ çŸåããéã«ã€ããŠ1.07ã®Dmaxæ¿åºŠ
ã瀺ãããããããªãããä¹³å€29Bã®è¢«èŠã¯ã»ãŒ
100ïŒ çŸåéã«ã€ããŠ1.37ã®Dmaxæ¿åºŠã瀺ããã
éå¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€ç²åã¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããç²ååœãã®å¹³
åäœç©ãå°ããïŒ0.83ïŒÎŒïœïŒ3察1.85ïŒÎŒïœïŒ3ïŒã
ã€ããçŸåãããéãæãïŒ3.13ïœïŒm2察3.04
ïœïŒm2ïŒããããŠãããã®äž¡è ã®çžéã¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³
å€ã«æ¯èŒããŠéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®è¢«èŠåãå¢å€§ããã
ãäœçšããããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯éå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«æ¯ã¹
ãŠããé«ãDmaxãäžããåŸã€ãŠä¹³å€29Bãã倧
ãã被èŠåãäžããã æ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«åŸã€è£œé ãããæ°èŠãªæŸå°ç·æå¿
æ§åçèŠçŽ ã¯æ§ã ãªåçåéã«ãããç¹æ§ãäžã
ããäŸãã°ãåèšä¹³å€ã¯å€ åçèŠçŽ ã«çµå ¥ãã
å Žåã«ã鮮鿧ãé«ããããšãã§ãããåèšä¹³å€
ã¯æé©ã«ååŠåã³åå 墿ããå Žåã«ããè¯å¥œãª
æåºŠâç²åºŠçžé¢é¢ä¿ã瀺ããåèšä¹³å€ã¯éè²ãç·
è²åã³ïŒåã¯èµ€è²å¢æãããã€åçèŠçŽ äžã«çµå ¥
ããå Žåã«ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®åå 墿é åã«å¯Ÿããæ
床åé¢ãå¢å€§ããã€çŽ«å€ç·æåºŠãé«ãåçèŠçŽ ã
çãããæŽã«åèšä¹³å€ã¯æå€§æ¿åºŠãé«ãããã被
èŠåãé«ãããããç¹æ§ã瀺ããæŽã«ãŸããæ¬çº
æã®ä»å çãªç¹åŸŽã¯ãäŸãã°é®®éæ§ã®å¢å€§ãã¹ã
ã¯ãã«ã®èªç¶åã³åå çã«å¢æãããé åã«ãã
ãæåºŠå颿§ã®å¢å€§ãæåºŠâç²ç¶åºŠã®çžé¢é¢ä¿ã®
æ¹è¯åã³éè²å¢æãããå Žåã®æåºŠãåã¯æåºŠç²
床çžé¢é¢ä¿ã®å¢å€§ãªã©ãå®çŸããããšãã§ããã
æŽã«ãæ¬çºæã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ãæ¯èŒçã¯ãã¹ãªãŒããŒã®
äœæžããã©ãžãªã°ã©ãèŠçŽ ã ããããšãã§ãã
ãŸãé被èŠéïŒããªãã¡ãåäœé¢ç©åœãã®ããã²
ã³åé被èŠéïŒã«å¯ŸããåçæåºŠã®æ§èœæ¯ããã
é«ããå¯èŠè»¢ååã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãéãããã
ãŠå°ãªãçŸåæéã§ããé«ãã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãããã
ã¯è»¢åç»åãäžããç»å転åãã€ã«ã ãŠãããã
äžããããšãã§ããã
第ïŒïœå³ã第ïŒïœå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒå³ã¯åã
ã®ããã²
ã³åéç²åã®å¹³é¢ã§ããã第ïŒïœå³ã¯ç¬¬ïŒïœå³ã®
ç·ïŒïœâïŒïœã«æ²¿ã€ãŠåæãã詳现æé¢å³ã§ã
ãã第ïŒïœå³ã¯ããã²ã³åéç²åã®ç«¯é¢å³ã§ã
ãã第ïŒå³ã¯é®®éåºŠç¹æ§ãç€ºãæš¡åŒå³ã§ããã第
ïŒå³ã第ïŒå³ã第ïŒå³ã第ïŒå³ã第ïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒ
ïœå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒ
å³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã
第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³åã³ç¬¬
ïŒïŒå³ã¯æ¬çºæã«åŸã€ãä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçã§ã
ãã第ïŒïŒïœå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïŒïœå³ã¯ããã²ã³åéç²
åã®é»åé¡åŸ®é¡åçã§ããã第ïŒïŒïœå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒ
ïŒïœ å³ã¯åæãã¿ãŒã³ã瀺ãããã²ã³åéç²åã®
å¹³é¢å³ã§ããããããŠç¬¬ïŒïŒïœå³ã¯çžå¯Ÿlogåå
æåºŠãšæ³¢é·ãšã®çžé¢ã°ã©ãå³ã§ããã ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâŠâŠå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã
ã³åéç²åã®å¹³é¢ã§ããã第ïŒïœå³ã¯ç¬¬ïŒïœå³ã®
ç·ïŒïœâïŒïœã«æ²¿ã€ãŠåæãã詳现æé¢å³ã§ã
ãã第ïŒïœå³ã¯ããã²ã³åéç²åã®ç«¯é¢å³ã§ã
ãã第ïŒå³ã¯é®®éåºŠç¹æ§ãç€ºãæš¡åŒå³ã§ããã第
ïŒå³ã第ïŒå³ã第ïŒå³ã第ïŒå³ã第ïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒ
ïœå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒ
å³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã
第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³ã第ïŒïŒå³åã³ç¬¬
ïŒïŒå³ã¯æ¬çºæã«åŸã€ãä¹³å€ã®é¡åŸ®é¡åçã§ã
ãã第ïŒïŒïœå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒïŒïœå³ã¯ããã²ã³åéç²
åã®é»åé¡åŸ®é¡åçã§ããã第ïŒïŒïœå³åã³ç¬¬ïŒ
ïŒïœ å³ã¯åæãã¿ãŒã³ã瀺ãããã²ã³åéç²åã®
å¹³é¢å³ã§ããããããŠç¬¬ïŒïŒïœå³ã¯çžå¯Ÿlogåå
æåºŠãšæ³¢é·ãšã®çžé¢ã°ã©ãå³ã§ããã ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâŠâŠå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ é塩氎溶液ãšå¡©åç©å«æããã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶
æ¶²ãšã忣åªã®ååšäžã«æ¥è§ŠãããŠãéã«å¯ŸããŠ
å°ãªããšã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ãå¡©åç©ã§ããããã²ã³åç©
å«éã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åãçæãããæŸå°
ç·æå¿æ§åçä¹³å€ã®è£œæ³ã«ãããŠã ã¢ããã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³äžŠã³ã«(1)ç·ç¶ããªããŒé
ã«ããã¬ã€ã³é žãã¢ã¯ãªã«é žåã¯ã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žã®
ã¢ããåã¯ãšã¹ãã«ã®å埩åäœã§ãã€ãŠãããã
ãã®ã¢ããåã³ãšã¹ãã«ã«å«ãŸããããããã®ã¢
ãã³åã¯ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«çž®åæ®æž£ãäºã€ã®ã¢ã«ãã«ç
çŽ ååãçµåããå°ãªããšãäžã€ã®ã¹ã«ãã€ãâ
ç¡«é»ååãæããææ©ã©ãžã«ã«ãå«ã¿ãã€(2)å°ãª
ããšãäžã€ã®ä»ã®ãšãã¬ã³ç³»äžé£œåã¢ãããŒã®å
äœãå«ã氎溶æ§ç·ç¶ã³ããªããŒã§ããããã¿ã€ã¶
ãŒã®ååšäžã«ãåèšé塩氎溶液ãšå¡©åç©å«æãã
ã²ã³åç©å¡©æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãåå¿ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãã
æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§åçä¹³å€ã®è£œæ³ã
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US32089881A | 1981-11-12 | 1981-11-12 | |
| US320898 | 1981-11-12 | ||
| US431455 | 1982-09-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58111937A JPS58111937A (ja) | 1983-07-04 |
| JPS648326B2 true JPS648326B2 (ja) | 1989-02-13 |
Family
ID=23248302
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19790682A Granted JPS58111935A (ja) | 1981-11-12 | 1982-11-12 | æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§åçä¹³å€ |
| JP19790982A Granted JPS58111937A (ja) | 1981-11-12 | 1982-11-12 | æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§åçä¹³å€ã®è£œæ³ |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19790682A Granted JPS58111935A (ja) | 1981-11-12 | 1982-11-12 | æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§åçä¹³å€ |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JPS58111935A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2651566B2 (ja) * | 1984-06-29 | 1997-09-10 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€åã³ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææ |
| JPH0715571B2 (ja) * | 1985-07-19 | 1995-02-22 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©âåçæå ææ |
| JPH0650381B2 (ja) * | 1985-08-05 | 1994-06-29 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©âæå ææã®åŠçæ¹æ³ |
| CA1284051C (en) * | 1985-12-19 | 1991-05-14 | Joe E. Maskasky | Chloride containing emulsion and a process for emulsion preparation |
| JPH0654375B2 (ja) * | 1986-01-24 | 1994-07-20 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ã«ã©âç»ååœ¢ææ³ |
| JPH0656484B2 (ja) * | 1986-02-17 | 1994-07-27 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ã«ã©âç»ååœ¢ææ¹æ³ |
| DE3606086A1 (de) * | 1986-02-26 | 1987-08-27 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Farbfotografisches aufzeichnungsmaterial |
| JPH0782209B2 (ja) * | 1986-03-13 | 1995-09-06 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | å¡©åéå«æè¡šé¢å±€ãæããããã²ã³åéç²åãå«ãåçæå ææ |
| JPH0656474B2 (ja) * | 1986-06-20 | 1994-07-27 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | åççšããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ |
| JPH0786662B2 (ja) * | 1987-08-17 | 1995-09-20 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ |
| JPH0778598B2 (ja) * | 1987-10-16 | 1995-08-23 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ |
| JPH07111553B2 (ja) * | 1988-04-25 | 1995-11-29 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPH02193137A (ja) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-07-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ |
| JP2767493B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-14 | 1998-06-18 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ |
| JPH04235546A (ja) * | 1991-01-11 | 1992-08-24 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPH055968A (ja) * | 1991-01-11 | 1993-01-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | çŽæ¥ããžååçèŠçŽ |
| JPH04336536A (ja) * | 1991-05-14 | 1992-11-24 | Konica Corp | ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ |
| JPH086191A (ja) | 1994-06-17 | 1996-01-12 | Konica Corp | ããã²ã³åéç²åã該ç²åã嫿ããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€åã³è©²ä¹³å€ã嫿ããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| US6787296B2 (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2004-09-07 | Konica Corporation | Silver halide emulsion and silver halide photographic material by the use thereof |
-
1982
- 1982-11-12 JP JP19790682A patent/JPS58111935A/ja active Granted
- 1982-11-12 JP JP19790982A patent/JPS58111937A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS58111937A (ja) | 1983-07-04 |
| JPS58111935A (ja) | 1983-07-04 |
| JPS648325B2 (ja) | 1989-02-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| GB2110404A (en) | Radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion and process for its preparation | |
| JPS648326B2 (ja) | ||
| KR890001542B1 (ko) | í ë¡ê²íì ê°êŽì ì 륌 íšì í ì¬ì§ ìì | |
| US4463087A (en) | Controlled site epitaxial sensitization of limited iodide silver halide emulsions | |
| US4414306A (en) | Silver chlorobromide emulsions and processes for their preparation | |
| US4425425A (en) | Radiographic elements exhibiting reduced crossover | |
| GB2109577A (en) | Radiation-sensitive photographic silver halide emulsion and process for preparing the same | |
| JPH0522902B2 (ja) | ||
| IE54127B1 (en) | Photographic elements | |
| GB2111231A (en) | Tabular grain silver halide emulsion | |
| IE54129B1 (en) | High aspect ratio photographic silver bromoiodide emulsions and process for their preparation | |
| JPH0222366B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0612404B2 (ja) | ææŸå°ç·ä¹³å€ | |
| US4490458A (en) | Multicolor photographic elements containing silver iodide grains | |
| CA1210626A (en) | Multicolor photographic elements containing silver iodide grains | |
| JPH0436374B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS58108526A (ja) | å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ | |
| US4952489A (en) | Photographic elements comprising light-sensitive silver bromo-iodide emulsions | |
| JPH0314328B2 (ja) | ||
| US4724200A (en) | Emulsions and photographic elements containing silver halide grains having icositetrahedral crystal faces | |
| JPS648324B2 (ja) | ||
| US4680255A (en) | Emulsions and photographic elements containing silver halide grains having tetrahexahedral crystal faces | |
| JPH04506418A (ja) | äžç©ºããã²ã³åéç²ååã³ãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| US5541053A (en) | Process for the preparation of silver halide photographic emulsions containing grains having (100) faces with cavities and photographic emulsions so prepared | |
| JPH07507646A (ja) | å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |