KR20170103857A - 고급 제어 및 최적화 기술을 이용한 통합형 코크스 플랜트 자동화 및 최적화 - Google Patents
고급 제어 및 최적화 기술을 이용한 통합형 코크스 플랜트 자동화 및 최적화 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B41/00—Safety devices, e.g. signalling or controlling devices for use in the discharge of coke
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B15/00—Other coke ovens
- C10B15/02—Other coke ovens with floor heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B45/00—Other details
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2는, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 1차 공기용 도어 구멍(door hole)을 갖는 수평 열 회수 코크스 오븐의 예시적인 배치를 예시한다.
도 3은, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 오븐의 크라운 섹션(crown section)에 1차 공기를 제공하기 위한 도어 구멍 대 상부 공기 구성이다.
도 4는, 하류 동작이 있는 100개 오븐 플랜트의 개략도이다. 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른 비상 배기 스택(emergency vent stack; EVS) 제어 통풍 스킴(control draft scheme)이 도시된다.
도 5는, 가스 공유 터널 및 하류 동작을 갖는 100개 오븐 플랜트의 개략도이다. 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른 비상 배기 스택 제어 통풍 스킴이 도시된다.
도 6은, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 제어 스킴(control scheme) H4를 사용한 열 회수 증기 발생기(heat recovery steam generator; HRSG) 트립 동안의 스택 압력 반응이다.
도 7a 및 도 7b는, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, #7 HRSG가 셧다운될 때 전이 응답에서 제어 스킴 H3 및 H4를 사용한 열 회수 증기 발생기 트립 동안의 스택 압력 응답을 예시한다.
도 8은, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, #8 HRSG가 셧다운될 때 전이 반응에서 제어 스킴 H4를 사용한 열 회수 증기 발생기(HRSG) 트립 동안의 스택 압력 반응을 예시한다.
도 9는, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, #9 HRSG가 셧다운될 때 전이 응답에서 제어 스킴 H4를 사용한 열 회수 증기 발생기 트립 동안의 스택 압력 응답을 예시한다.
도 10은, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, #10 HRSG가 셧다운될 때 전이 응답에서 제어 스킴을 사용한 열 회수 증기 발생기 트립 동안의 스택 압력 응답을 예시한다.
도 11은, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 상부 공기 구성을 갖는 단일 루프 제어 스킴 1의 개략도이다.
도 12는, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 크라운 설정치 궤적(crown set point trajectory)의 예이다.
도 13은, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 하부 연도 설정치 궤적(sole flue set point trajectory)의 예이다.
도 14는, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 크라운 통풍 설정치 궤적의 예이다.
도 15는, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 산소(또는 공기) 대 온도 관계이다.
도 16은, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 도어 구멍 및 하부 연도 댐퍼(sole flue damper)가 자동화되지 않고 제어를 위해 단지 통풍관(uptake)만이 사용되는 경우의 제어 스킴 1A를 도시한다.
도 17a는, 제어 스킴 1B - 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 크라운 온도 대 통풍 압력 캐스케이드 제어 스킴 - 를 예시한다.
도 17b는, 제어 스킴 1B - 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 하부 연도 온도 대 통풍 압력 캐스케이드 제어 스킴 - 를 예시한다.
도 17c는, 제어 스킴 1C - 본 발명의 양태에 따른, 배기 스택 통풍 피드 포워드 컨트롤러(vent stack draft feed forward controller)를 갖는 크라운 및 하부 연도 온도 제어 스킴 - 를 예시한다.
도 18은, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 연료가 풍부한 상태(fuel-rich)로부터 연료가 부족한 상태(fuel-lean)로의 전이를 검출하기 위해 사용되는 과잉 산소 측정을 갖는 단일 루프 컨트롤러이다.
도 19는, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 다중 변수 컨트롤러의 개략적인 표현이다.
도 20은, 컨트롤러 계산에서 모델 예측 제어(Model Predictive Control; MPC)에 의해 사용될 수 있는 관계 매트릭스의 예이다. X는, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 조작 변수(manipulated variable; MV) 또는 피드포워드(feedforward; FF) 변수와 대응하는 제어 변수(controlled variable; CV) 사이의 동적 모델을 나타낸다.
도 21은, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 모델 예측 제어가 어떻게 작동하는지의 묘사이다.
도 22는, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 열 회수 증기 발생기의 작동이 멈출 때 가스 공유 동작 동안의 더 높은 스택 통풍을 상쇄하기 위한 제어 스킴 1A에 대한 스택 통풍 피드 포워드 제어 액션의 추가이다.
도 23은, 본 개시내용의 양태에 따른, 열 회수 증기 발생기 제어를 예시한다.
Claims (34)
- 코킹 오븐(coking oven)의 제어를 통합하기 위한 시스템으로서,
제어 가능한 공기 개구들을 구비하는 오븐 챔버(oven chamber)로서, 상기 오븐 챔버는 온도 프로파일 내에서 동작하도록 구성되고, 상기 공기 개구의 개방 및/또는 폐쇄는, 상기 시스템에서의 제어 변수로서의 상기 오븐 챔버에서의 최적의 설정치 온도 프로파일 궤적에 응답하는 조작 변수로서 제어 가능한, 상기 오븐 챔버;
상기 오븐 챔버와 유체 연통하는 통풍관(uptake)으로서, 통풍관 댐퍼는 제어 변수로서의 상기 오븐의 상기 온도 프로파일에서의 변화에 응답하는 조작 변수로서 제어 가능한, 상기 통풍관을 포함하되;
상기 제어 변수 및 상기 조작 변수는, 코킹 속도(coking rate), 상기 시스템의 에너지 효율, 생성물 수율 및 부산물의 최적화를 제어하는, 코킹 오븐의 제어를 통합하기 위한 시스템. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 오븐 챔버는 크라운(crown) 및 하부 연도(sole flue)들을 포함하고, 상기 제어 변수는 상기 크라운에서의 온도, 상기 하부 연도에서의 온도, 및/또는 상기 크라운에서의 통풍(draft)을 제어하는 것을 포함하는, 코킹 오븐의 제어를 통합하기 위한 시스템.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 오븐 챔버 및/또는 상기 하부 연도는 푸시 측(push side) 및 코크스 측(coke side)을 포함하고, 상기 제어 변수는 상기 푸시 측과 상기 코크스 측 사이의 온도 차이에 대한 제어를 포함하는, 코킹 오븐의 제어를 통합하기 위한 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 공기 개구는, 하부 연도 댐퍼(sole flue damper), 도어 구멍 댐퍼(door hole damper), 또는 상기 크라운에서의 상부 공기 구멍 댐퍼 중 적어도 하나이며, 상기 조작 변수는, 상기 오븐 챔버 내의 상기 온도 프로파일 궤적에 응답하여, 상기 통풍관, 하부 연도 댐퍼, 도어 구멍 댐퍼 또는 상부 공기 구멍 댐퍼를 개방하거나 폐쇄하는 것을 포함하는, 코킹 오븐의 제어를 통합하기 위한 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 오븐과 유체 연통하는 공통 터널, 열 회수 증기 발생기(heat recovery steam generator)들 및 비상 배기 스택(emergency vent stack)을 더 포함하되, 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기는 상기 시스템에서의 통풍(draft)을 유지하도록 구성되는 압력 제어 밸브를 포함하는, 코킹 오븐의 제어를 통합하기 위한 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 오븐과 유체 연통하는 공통 터널, 가스 공유 터널, 복수의 열 회수 증기 발생기 및 비상 배기 스택을 더 포함하되, 상기 복수의 열 회수 증기 발생기는 상기 가스 공유 터널에서의 통풍의 균형을 맞추도록 구성되는, 코킹 오븐의 제어를 통합하기 위한 시스템.
- 제6항에 있어서, 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기 중 적어도 하나는 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기를 통한 배기 가스 유량(exhaust gas flow)을 측정하기 위한 질량 유량계(mass flow meter)를 포함하는, 코킹 오븐의 제어를 통합하기 위한 시스템.
- 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법으로서,
코크스 및 배기 가스를 생성하도록 복수의 코크스 오븐을 동작시키는 단계로서, 각각의 코크스 오븐은 결정된 온도 범위에서 동작하도록 적응되는 크라운 및 하부 연도를 포함하고, 상기 크라운 및 상기 하부 연도는 공기를 도입하기 위한 제어 가능한 개구들을 포함하고, 각각의 코크스 오븐은 상기 코크스 오븐에서의 오븐 통풍을 제어하도록 적응되는 통풍관 댐퍼를 포함하는, 상기 복수의 코크스 오븐을 동작시키는 단계;
각각의 코크스 오븐으로부터의 상기 배기 가스를 공통 터널로 유도하는 단계;
복수의 열 회수 증기 발생기를 상기 공통 터널에 유체적으로 연결하는(fluidly connecting) 단계;
모든 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기를 동작시키고 상기 배기 가스의 일부가 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기의 각각으로 흐르도록 상기 배기 가스를 분배하는 단계;
각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 오븐 통풍을, 목표로 하는 오븐 통풍의 데드밴드에서 또는 내에서 유지하도록, 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 통풍관 댐퍼를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계; 및
각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 오븐 온도를 상기 결정된 온도 범위에서 유지하도록 상기 크라운 및/또는 상기 하부 연도의 상기 제어 가능한 개구를 자동으로 제어하는 단계를 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
가스 공유 동작 모드에서, 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기 중 하나의 동작을 정지시키는 그리고 상기 배기 가스의 일부가 상기 결정된 온도 범위 밖으로 벗어나지 않으면서 나머지 동작 중인 열 회수 증기 발생기의 각각을 통해 흐르도록, 상기 배기 가스를 유도하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
각각의 코크스 오븐의 오븐 온도를 상기 결정된 온도 범위 내에서 유지하도록, 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 통풍관 댐퍼, 상기 크라운 및/또는 상기 하부 연도의 상기 제어 가능한 개구를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제10항에 있어서,
각각의 통풍관 댐퍼 근처의 통풍관 덕트 산소 농도를 어떤 산소 농도 범위 내에서 유지하도록, 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 통풍관 댐퍼, 상기 크라운 및/또는 상기 하부 연도의 상기 제어 가능한 개구를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
각각의 통풍관 댐퍼 근처의 통풍관 덕트 산소 농도를 어떤 산소 농도 범위 내에서 유지하도록, 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 통풍관 댐퍼, 상기 크라운 및/또는 상기 하부 연도의 상기 제어 가능한 개구를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
상기 공통 터널 내의 공통 터널 온도를 상기 결정된 온도 범위 내에서 유지하도록, 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 통풍관 댐퍼, 상기 크라운 및/또는 상기 하부 연도의 상기 제어 가능한 개구를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
적어도 하나의 코크스 오븐의 이전 코킹 사이클에서의 경과 시간에 관련되는 이력적 통풍관 댐퍼, 상기 크라운 및/또는 상기 하부 연도의 제어 가능한 개구 위치 결정을 결정하는 단계; 및
현재 코킹 사이클에서의 경과한 시간에 관련하는 상기 이력적 통풍관 댐퍼, 상기 크라운 및/또는 상기 하부 연도의 제어 가능한 개구 위치 데이터에 기초하여, 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 통풍관 댐퍼, 상기 크라운 및/또는 상기 하부 연도의 상기 제어 가능한 개구를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
온도 센서 입력에 응답하여 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 크라운 및/또는 상기 하부 연도의 상기 제어 가능한 개구를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
산소 센서 입력에 응답하여 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 크라운 및/또는 상기 하부 연도의 상기 제어 가능한 개구를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제16항에 있어서,
온도 센서 입력 및/또는 산소 센서 입력에 응답하여, 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 통풍관 댐퍼를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
각각의 코크스 오븐의 오븐 챔버 온도를 어떤 온도 범위 내에서 유지하도록, 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 통풍관 댐퍼, 상기 크라운 및/또는 상기 하부 연도의 상기 제어 가능한 개구를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
각각의 코크스 오븐의 하부 연도 온도를 상기 결정된 온도 범위 내에서 유지하도록, 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 통풍관 댐퍼를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
각각의 코크스 오븐의 통풍관 덕트 온도를 상기 결정된 온도 범위 내에서 유지하도록, 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 통풍관 댐퍼를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
복수의 크로스오버 덕트를 제공하는 단계를 더 포함하되, 각각의 크로스 오버 덕트는 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기 중 하나에 연결되고 교차점에서 상기 공통 터널에 연결되는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제21항에 있어서,
가스 공유 동작 모드에서, 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기 중 하나의 동작을 정지시키는 그리고 상기 배기 가스의 일부가 나머지 동작 중인 열 회수 증기 발생기의 각각을 통해 흐르도록, 상기 배기 가스를 유도하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제22항에 있어서,
상기 오븐 통풍을, 상기 목표로 하는 오븐 통풍으로부터의 데드밴드에서 또는 내에서 유지하도록 각각의 코크스 오븐의 상기 통풍관 댐퍼를 자동적으로 제어하는 이전에, 상기 목표로 하는 오븐 통풍보다 작은 예측된 오븐 통풍을 예상하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
상기 열 회수 증기 발생기를 통과하는 배기 가스의 유량을 제어하도록 적응되는 열 회수 증기 발생기 댐퍼를, 각각의 열 회수 증기 발생기의 하류에 제공하는 단계; 및
상기 목표로 하는 배기 스택 통풍을 통풍 범위 내에서 유지하도록, 적어도 하나의 열 회수 증기 발생기 댐퍼를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
적어도 하나의 통풍관 댐퍼를 완전 열린 위치로 자동적으로 제어하는 단계; 및
상기 열 회수 증기 발생기를 통과하는 배기 가스의 유량을 제어하도록 적응되는 열 회수 증기 발생기 댐퍼를, 각각의 열 회수 증기 발생기의 하류에 제공하는 단계; 및
공통 터널 통풍 범위 내에 떨어지도록 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기 댐퍼를 자동적으로 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 코크스 플랜트의 동작을 최적화시키는 방법. - 코크스 오븐으로서,
오븐 챔버;
상기 오븐 챔버와 유체 연통하는 통풍관 덕트로서, 상기 오븐 챔버로부터의 배기 가스를 수용하도록 구성되는, 상기 통풍관 덕트;
상기 통풍관 덕트와 유체 연통하는 공통 터널로서, 상기 통풍관 덕트로부터의 배기 가스를 수용하도록 구성되는, 상기 공통 터널;
상기 공통 터널과 유체 연통하는 적어도 하나의 열 회수 증기 발생기를 포함하고;
상기 열 회수 증기 발생기는,
상기 통풍관 덕트와 유체 연통하는 통풍관 댐퍼로서, 상기 통풍관 댐퍼는 완전 개방된 것 및 완전히 폐쇄된 것을 포함하는 복수의 위치 중 임의의 위치에 위치되고, 상기 통풍관 댐퍼는 오븐 통풍을 제어하도록 구성되는, 상기 통풍관 댐퍼;
위치 지침(position instruction)에 응답하여 상기 복수의 위치 사이에서 상기 통풍관 댐퍼의 위치를 변경하도록 구성되는 액추에이터;
상기 열 회수 증기 발생기와 유체 연통하는 열 회수 증기 발생기 댐퍼로서, 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기 댐퍼는 완전 개방된 것 및 완전히 폐쇄된 것을 포함하는 복수의 위치 중 임의의 위치에 위치되고, 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기 댐퍼는 공통 터널 통풍을 제어하도록 구성되는, 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기 댐퍼;
상기 코크스 오븐의 동작 상태를 검출하도록 구성되는 센서로서, 상기 오븐 통풍을 검출하도록 구성되는 통풍 센서, 오븐 챔버 온도 또는 하부 연도 온도를 검출하도록 구성되는 온도 센서, 및 상기 통풍관 덕트에서의 통풍관 덕트 산소 농도를 검출하도록 구성되는 산소 센서 중 하나를 포함하는, 상기 센서; 및
상기 액추에이터와 그리고 상기 센서와 통신하는 컨트롤러로서, 상기 센서에 의해 검출되는 동작 상태에 응답하여 상기 열 회수 증기 발생기 액추에이터를 작동시키도록 구성되는 열 회수 증기 발생기 액추에이터에 또는 상기 통풍관 댐퍼를 작동시키도록 구성되는 통풍관 액추에이터에 위치 지침을 제공하도록 구성되는, 상기 컨트롤러
를 제공하도록 구성되는, 코크스 오븐. - 제26항에 있어서, 상기 센서는 상기 오븐 온도를 검출하도록 구성되는 온도 센서를 포함하는, 코크스 오븐.
- 제27항에 있어서, 상기 센서는 상기 오븐 챔버 내에 위치되는, 코크스 오븐.
- 제28항에 있어서, 상기 위치 지침은 상기 센서에 의해 검출되는 과열 상태에 응답하여 상기 오븐 안으로의 과잉 공기(excess air)를 허용하도록 구성되는, 코크스 오븐.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 센서는 상기 통풍관 덕트 내의 상기 통풍관 덕트 산소 농도를 검출하도록 구성되는 산소 센서를 포함하는, 코크스 오븐.
- 제30항에 있어서, 상기 위치 지침은 상기 통풍관 덕트 산소 농도를 어떤 산소 농도 범위 내에서 유지하도록 구성되는, 코크스 오븐.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 센서는 상기 하부 연도 온도를 검출하도록 구성되는 온도 센서를 포함하는, 코크스 오븐.
- 제32항에 있어서, 상기 위치 지침은 상기 센서에 의해 검출되는 과열 상태에 응답하여 상기 오븐 안으로의 과잉 공기를 허용하도록 구성되는, 코크스 오븐.
- 제33항에 있어서,
상기 오븐 챔버에서 오븐 온도를 검출하도록 구성되는 온도 센서를 더 포함하되;
상기 센서는 오븐 통풍을 검출하도록 구성되는 통풍 센서를 포함하고;
상기 컨트롤러는, 상기 통풍 센서에 의해 검출되는 상기 오븐 통풍 및 상기 온도 센서에 의해 검출되는 상기 오븐 온도에 응답하여, 상기 액추에이터에 상기 위치 지침을 제공하도록 구성되는, 코크스 오븐.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| US62/099,383 | 2015-01-02 | ||
| PCT/US2016/012085 WO2016109854A1 (en) | 2015-01-02 | 2016-01-04 | Integrated coke plant automation and optimization using advanced control and optimization techniques |
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| BR (1) | BR112017014428B1 (ko) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016109854A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
| CN107922846B (zh) | 2021-01-01 |
| CN107922846A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
| CA2973243A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
| KR102531894B1 (ko) | 2023-05-11 |
| US11788012B2 (en) | 2023-10-17 |
| BR112017014428B1 (pt) | 2022-04-12 |
| US20210163823A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
| CA2973243C (en) | 2022-07-19 |
| BR112017014428A2 (pt) | 2018-01-16 |
| EP3240862A1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
| EP3240862A4 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
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