ES2560204T3 - Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente - Google Patents
Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2560204T3 ES2560204T3 ES10150874.5T ES10150874T ES2560204T3 ES 2560204 T3 ES2560204 T3 ES 2560204T3 ES 10150874 T ES10150874 T ES 10150874T ES 2560204 T3 ES2560204 T3 ES 2560204T3
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- absorbent
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- areas
- absorbent material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
- A61F13/49—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers, nappies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/531—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having a homogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/532—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having a homogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad inhomogeneous in the plane of the pad
- A61F13/5323—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having a homogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad inhomogeneous in the plane of the pad having absorbent material located in discrete regions, e.g. pockets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
- A61F13/15617—Making absorbent pads from fibres or pulverulent material with or without treatment of the fibres
- A61F13/15658—Forming continuous, e.g. composite, fibrous webs, e.g. involving the application of pulverulent material on parts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
- A61F13/15699—Forming webs by bringing together several webs, e.g. by laminating or folding several webs, with or without additional treatment of the webs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/535—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad inhomogeneous in the plane of the pad, e.g. core absorbent layers being of different sizes
- A61F13/536—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad inhomogeneous in the plane of the pad, e.g. core absorbent layers being of different sizes having discontinuous areas of compression
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
- A61F2013/53051—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials being only in particular parts or specially arranged
- A61F2013/530547—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials being only in particular parts or specially arranged positioned in a separate layer or layers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
- A61F2013/5395—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers with thermoplastic agent, i.e. softened by heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
- B32B2310/021—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using electrical effects
- B32B2310/024—Peltier effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
- Y10T156/1062—Prior to assembly
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Un núcleo absorbente (28) útil para un artículo absorbente (20), comprendiendo el núcleo capas de almacenamiento que están unidas, comprendiendo cada capa de almacenamiento una capa (100) de sustrato que comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie, comprendiendo además dicha capa de almacenamiento una capa discontinua de material absorbente con zonas que comprenden material absorbente y zonas exentas de material absorbente, estando conectadas dichas zonas que comprenden material absorbente o estando conectadas dichas zonas exentas de material absorbente, comprendiendo dicho material absorbente un material (110) polimérico absorbente, comprendiendo dicho material absorbente, de forma opcional, un material fibroso absorbente que no representa más del 20 por ciento en peso del peso total del material (110) polimérico absorbente, comprendiendo dicha capa discontinua de material absorbente una primera superficie y una segunda superficie, comprendiendo dicho núcleo absorbente (28) además una capa de material termoplástico (120), comprendiendo dicha capa de material termoplástico (120) una primera superficie y una segunda superficie, en donde dicha segunda superficie de dicha capa discontinua de material absorbente está en al menos contacto parcial con dicha primera superficie de dicha capa (100) de sustrato, y partes de dicha segunda superficie de dicha capa de material termoplástico (120) están en contacto directo con dicha primera superficie de dicha capa (100) de sustrato en zonas de unión, y partes de dicha segunda superficie de la dicha capa de material termoplástico (120) están en contacto directo con dicha primera superficie de dicha capa discontinua de material absorbente. en donde cuando dichas zonas que comprenden material absorbente están conectadas, las zonas de unión se encuentran colocadas dentro de las zonas de material absorbente como islas en un mar y en donde, cuando dichas zonas exentas de material absorbente están conectadas, el material absorbente representa islas en un mar de material termoplástico.
Description
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DESCRIPCION
Nucleo absorbente para un articulo absorbente Campo de la invencion
La presente invencion se refiere a un articulo absorbente, preferiblemente un articulo absorbente desechable tal como un panal. La presente invencion de forma especifica se refiere a un nucleo absorbente para este articulo absorbente que proporciona una mejor inmovilizacion del material polimerico absorbente cuando el articulo esta total o parcialmente cargado con orina. Este nucleo absorbente es util para proporcionar un articulo absorbente de mayor confort de uso que es fino y seco.
Antecedentes
Los articulos absorbentes, tales como panales y productos para adultos incontinentes son articulos bien conocidos fabricados con fibra cortada. Se han realizado multiples intentos para proporcionarles un buen ajuste general y una elevada capacidad de absorcion. Los panales modernos utilizan materiales polimericos absorbentes o los denominados materiales superabsorbentes, que permiten almacenar una cantidad tan elevada como 300 ml de liquido en un panal de bebe tipico.
Aunque un panal de este tipo es generalmente un producto desechable, en algunos casos es usado durante muchas horas y tambien usado tanto en estado seco como en estado cargado con orina.
Por tanto, para proporcionar un buen confort de uso es muy importante mantener los materiales absorbentes comprendidos por un panal u otro articulo absorbente en su posicion prevista, tanto cuando el articulo esta seco como cuando el articulo esta total o parcialmente cargado con orina (u otros liquidos corporales).
En US-4 381 783 (Elias) se describe un articulo absorbente con un nucleo que comprende bolsillos de material hidrocoloide absorbente. Estos bolsillos se proporcionan para confinar el movimiento del material hidrocoloide, en particular cuando el articulo esta cargado total o parcialmente con orina. Los bolsillos forman parte de una capa absorbente y, de forma tipica, estan hechas de material de celulosa. Por tanto, para conseguir una buena inmovilizacion del material hidrocoloide segun la descripcion de esta patente se necesitan cantidades relativamente elevadas de material celulosico. Ademas, la inclusion de estos bolsillos puede dificultar la libre distribucion de liquido a las zonas mas absorbente del nucleo, por ejemplo las zonas de materiales hidrocoloides.
En WO 95/17868 (Palumbo) se describe una estructura absorbente que comprende dos capas de fibra y una capa intermedia. Esta capa intermedia comprende un material absorbente de hidrogel en una cantidad superior a 120 g/m2 y particulas de un material termoplastico. Aunque esta estructura ciertamente proporciona una buena inmovilizacion de las particulas absorbentes de hidrogel en estado seco, parece que en el estado cargado con orina solo se consigue una inmovilizacion menor. Los materiales termoplasticos descritos parecen hincharse mucho menos que los materiales de hidrogel descritos. Por tanto, en particular cuando se utiliza la estructura absorbente en un producto para absorber cantidades elevadas de liquido, por ejemplo un panal, la inmovilizacion en estado humedo puede no ser totalmente satisfactoria.
En EP-724418 (Tanzer) se describe un articulo absorbente que incluye material superabsorbente situado en bolsillos diferenciados. El articulo absorbente comprende una primera y una segunda capa portadora y un medio de fijacion sensible al agua para unir las capas portadoras y para proporcionar una pluralidad de regiones de bolsillo. El articulo comprende material de alta absorbencia situado dentro de dichas regiones de bolsillo. El medio de union sensible al agua proporciona una resistencia en estado humedo que es menor que una fuerza de separacion transmitida por el hinchamiento de este material de alta absorbencia cuando este material de alta absorbencia es expuesto a un liquido acuoso. Se afirma que el articulo absorbente proporciona una estructura absorbente que aloja de forma mas segura y contiene el material de alta absorbencia en una forma seleccionada de bolsillos cuando el articulo esta seco. Sin embargo, debido a la estructura de los bolsillos y en particular debido a la seleccion del medio de union sensible al agua, estos bolsillos no se mantienen cuando el articulo esta total o parcialmente cargado con liquidos. Por tanto, se cree que este articulo absorbente no proporciona una inmovilizacion muy satisfactoria del material absorbente en estado total o parcialmente cargado con orina.
US-5.425.725 (Tanzer) proporciona una descripcion que es similar a la EP-724.418. US-2002/0102392 (Fish), US- 2002/0115969 (Maeda) y US-4.055.180 (Karami) describen otras estructuras absorbentes en las que el material absorbente esta encerrado entre capas de sustrato.
EP-1.088.537 (Suzuki) describe una estructura absorbente en la que se aplica material absorbente a una capa de sustrato y luego se deposita material termoplastico sobre el material absorbente. Tambien se describen disposiciones de doble capa en las que un par de las estructuras absorbentes se unen entre si con sus capas de sustrato orientadas hacia fuera.
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Sumario
La presente invencion proporciona un nucleo absorbente segun la reivindicacion 1 y un proceso adaptado para proporcionar un nucleo absorbente segun la reivindicacion 8. En las reivindicaciones dependientes se definen caracteristicas opcionales de la invencion.
Descripcion detallada
La presente invencion se refiere a un articulo absorbente, preferiblemente un articulo absorbente desechable tal como un panal.
En la presente memoria, los siguientes terminos tienen los siguientes significados:
La expresion “articulo absorbente” se refiere a dispositivos que absorben y contienen liquido y, de forma mas especifica, se refiere a dispositivos que se colocan contra el cuerpo del portador o cerca del mismo para absorber y contener los diversos exudados descargados por el cuerpo. Los articulos absorbentes incluyen, aunque no de forma limitativa, panales, bragas para adultos incontinentes, bragas panal, sujetapanales y apositos para panales, compresas higienicas y similares.
El termino “desechable” se utiliza en la presente memoria para describir articulos que generalmente no estan previstos para ser lavados o recuperados o reutilizados de otra manera (es decir, estan previstos para ser desechados despues de un solo uso y, preferiblemente, para ser reciclados, convertidos en abono o eliminados de otra manera de forma compatible con el medio ambiente).
El termino “panal” se refiere a un articulo absorbente generalmente usado por bebes y personas incontinentes alrededor de la parte inferior del torso.
Los terminos “comprenden”, “que comprende” y “comprende” son terminos abiertos que especifican la presencia de lo que sigue, p. ej. un componente, pero no excluyen la presencia de otras caracteristicas, elementos, etapas o componentes conocidos en la tecnica o descritos en la presente memoria.
La Figura 1 es una vista en planta de un panal 20 como una realizacion preferida de un articulo absorbente segun la presente invencion. El panal se muestra en estado extendido no contraido (es decir, sin contraccion inducida por el elastico). Se han eliminado partes de la estructura para mostrar mas claramente la estructura subyacente del panal 20. La parte del panal 20 que se pone en contacto con el portador esta orientada hacia el observador. El bastidor 22 del panal 20 en la Figura 1 comprende el cuerpo principal del panal 20. El bastidor 22 comprende una cubierta exterior que incluye una lamina 24 superior permeable a los liquidos y/o una lamina 26 de respaldo impermeable a los liquidos. El bastidor puede incluir una parte de un nucleo absorbente 28 encajada entre la lamina superior 24 y la lamina 26 de respaldo. El bastidor puede tambien incluir la mayor parte o todo el nucleo absorbente 28 encajado entre la lamina superior 24 y la lamina 26 de respaldo. El bastidor preferiblemente tambien incluye paneles laterales 30, dobleces 32 vueltos para las piernas elastificados y un elemento 34 caracteristico de cintura elastica, en donde tanto los dobleces 32 vueltos para las piernas como el elemento caracteristico de cintura elastica comprenden, de forma tipica, elementos elasticos 33. Una parte final del panal 20 esta configurada como una primera region 36 de la cintura del panal 20. La parte final opuesta esta configurada como una segunda region 38 de la cintura del panal 20. Una parte intermedia del panal 20 esta configurada como una region 37 de entrepierna que se extiende longitudinalmente entre la primera region 36 y la segunda region 38 de cintura. Las regiones 36 y 38 de cintura pueden incluir elementos elasticos que se cinen alrededor de la cintura del portador para proporcionar mejor ajuste y confinamiento (elemento 34 caracteristico de cintura elastica). La region 37 de entrepierna es aquella parte del panal 20 que, cuando se utiliza el panal 20, se encuentra generalmente colocada entre las piernas del portador. El panal 20 se representa con su eje longitudinal 10 y su eje transversal 12. La periferia del panal 20 esta definida por los bordes exteriores del panal 20, en donde los bordes longitudinales 44 se extienden generalmente paralelos al eje longitudinal 100 del panal 20 y los bordes terminales 46 se extienden entre los bordes longitudinales 44 generalmente paralelos al eje transversal 110 del panal 20. El bastidor tambien comprende un sistema de fijacion que puede incluir al menos un elemento 42 de sujecion y al menos una zona 45 de descarga almacenada.
En los articulos absorbentes unitarios, el bastidor 22 comprende la estructura principal del panal con otras caracteristicas anadidas para conformar la estructura de panal compuesta. La lamina superior 24, la lamina 26 de respaldo y el nucleo absorbente 28 pueden estar unidos en diferentes configuraciones bien conocidas y las configuraciones de panal preferidas se describen de forma general en US- 5.554.145 titulada “Absorbent Article With Multiple Zone Structural Elastic-Like Film Web Extensible Waist Feature” concedida a Roe y col. el 10 de septiembre de 1996; US-5.569.234, titulada “Disposable Pull-On Pant”, concedida a Buell y col. el 29 de octubre de 1996; y US- 6.004.306, titulada “Absorbent Article With Multi-Directional Extensible Side Panels”, concedida a Robles y col. el 21 de diciembre de 1999.
La lamina superior 24 en la Figura 1 puede estar total o parcialmente elastificada o puede estar reducida para proporcionar un espacio vacio entre la lamina superior 24 y el nucleo absorbente 28. Se han descrito con mas detalle estructuras ilustrativas que incluyen laminas superiores elastificadas o reducidas en las patentes US- 5.037.416 titulada
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“Disposable Absorbent Article Having Elastically Extensible Topsheet” concedida a Allen y col. el 6 de agosto de 1996; y US-5.269.775 titulada “Trisection Topsheets for Disposable Absorbent Articles and Disposable Absorbent Articles Having Such Trisection Topsheets” concedida a Freeland y col. el 14 de diciembre de 1993.
El nucleo absorbente 28 en la Figura 1 generalmente esta dispuesto entre la lamina superior 24 y la lamina 26 de respaldo. El nucleo absorbente 28 puede comprender cualquier material absorbente que sea generalmente compresible, adaptable, no irritante para la piel del portador y capaz de absorber y mantener liquidos tales como orina y otros exudados corporales. El nucleo absorbente 28 puede comprender una amplia diversidad de materiales absorbentes de liquidos habitualmente utilizados en panales desechables y otros articulos absorbentes tales como pasta de madera triturada, generalmente mencionada como fieltro de aire. Ejemplos de otros materiales absorbentes adecuados incluyen guata de celulosa plisada; polimeros fundidos por soplado, incluidos los co-formados; fibras celulosicas quimicamente rigidizadas, modificadas o reticuladas; tisus, incluidos envolturas de tisu y laminados de tisu; espumas absorbentes; esponjas absorbentes; polimeros superabsorbentes; materiales gelificantes absorbentes; o cualquier otro material absorbente o combinaciones de materiales conocidos. El nucleo absorbente 28 puede tambien comprender pequenas cantidades (de forma tipica menos de 10%) de materiales no absorbentes de liquidos tales como adhesivos, ceras, aceites y similares.
Las estructuras absorbentes ilustrativas para usar como unidades absorbentes se describen en US-4.610.678 (Weisman y col.); US-4.834.735 (Alemany y col.); US-4.888.231 (Angstadt); US-5.260.345 (DesMarais y col.); US- 5.387.207 (Dyer y col.); US-5.397.316 (LaVon y col.); y US-5.625.222 (DesMarais y col.).
La lamina 26 de respaldo puede estar unida con la lamina superior 24. La lamina 26 de respaldo impide que los exudados absorbidos por el nucleo absorbente 28 y contenidos dentro del articulo 20 manchen otros articulos externos que puedan entrar en contacto con el panal 20, tales como sabanas y prendas interiores. En realizaciones preferidas, la lamina 26 de respaldo es practicamente impermeable a los liquidos (p. ej., orina) y comprende un laminado de un material no tejido y una pelicula plastica delgada tal como una pelicula termoplastica que tiene un espesor de aproximadamente 0,012 mm (0,5 mil) a aproximadamente 0,051 mm (2,0 mils). Las peliculas de lamina de respaldo adecuadas incluyen las fabricadas por Tredegar Industries Inc. de Terre Haute, IN, EE. UU., comercializadas con las marcas registradas X15306, X10962 y X10964. Otros materiales de lamina de respaldo adecuados pueden incluir materiales transpirables que permiten que el vapor escape del panal 20 al tiempo que evitan que los exudados pasen a traves de la lamina 26 de respaldo. Los materiales transpirables ilustrativos pueden incluir materiales tales como bandas tejidas, bandas no tejidas, materiales compuestos tales como bandas no tejidas recubiertas de pelicula y peliculas microporosas tales como las fabricadas por Mitsui Toatsu Co., de Japon, con el nombre ESPoIr NO y por EXXON chemical Co., de Bay City, TX, eE. UU., con el nombre EXXAIRE. Los materiales compuestos transpirables adecuados que comprenden mezclas de polimeros son comercializados por Clopay Corporation, Cincinnati, OH, EE. UU., con el nombre HYTREL blend P18-3097. Estos materiales compuestos transpirables se describen con mayor detalle en la solicitud PCT WO 95/16746, publicada el 22 de junio de 1995 en nombre de E. I. DuPont. Otras laminas de respaldo transpirables, incluidas bandas no tejidas y peliculas conformadas por aberturas, se describen en US-5.571.096, concedida a Dobrin y col. el 5 de noviembre de 1996.
El panal 20 puede tambien incluir otras caracteristicas como las conocidas en la tecnica, incluidos paneles de orejetas frontal y trasero, caracteristicas de capa de cintura, elasticos y similares para proporcionar mejores caracteristicas de ajuste, confinamiento y estetica. Estas caracteristicas adicionales son bien conocidas en la tecnica y se describen, p. ej., en US-3.860.003 y US-5.151.092.
Para mantener el panal 20 en su sitio en el cuerpo del portador, preferiblemente al menos una parte de la primera region 36 de cintura esta unida por el elemento 42 de sujecion a al menos una parte de la segunda region 38 de cintura, preferiblemente para formar abertura(s) de pierna y una cintura del articulo. Cuando esta fijado, el sistema de fijacion lleva una carga de traccion alrededor de la cintura del articulo. El sistema de fijacion esta disenado para permitir al usuario de un articulo coger un elemento del sistema de fijacion tal como el elemento 42 de sujecion y ligar la primera region 36 de cintura a la segunda region 38 de cintura en al menos dos lugares. Esto se consigue manipulando resistencias de enlace entre los elementos del dispositivo de fijacion.
Los panales 20 segun la presente invencion pueden estar provistos de un sistema de fijacion cerrable repetidamente o de forma alternativa pueden ser proporcionados en forma de panales tipo braga.
El sistema de fijacion y cualquier componente del mismo pueden incluir cualquier material adecuado para este uso, incluidos, aunque no de forma limitativa, plasticos, peliculas, espumas, bandas no tejidas, bandas tejidas, papel, laminados, plastico reforzado con fibras y similares, o combinaciones de los mismos. Puede ser preferible que los materiales que forman el dispositivo de sujecion sean flexibles. La flexibilidad esta disenada para permitir que el sistema de sujecion se adapte a la forma del cuerpo y asi reducir la probabilidad de que el sistema de sujecion irrite o dane la piel del portador.
La Figura 2 muestra una seccion transversal de la Figura 1 tomada en el eje transversal 110. Partiendo de la cara orientada hacia el portador, el panal comprende la lamina superior 24, los componentes del nucleo absorbente 28 y la lamina 26 de respaldo. El nucleo absorbente preferiblemente comprende el sistema 50 de captacion, que comprende
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una capa 52 de captacion superior orientada hacia la piel del portador y una capa 54 de captacion inferior opuesta a la prenda de vestir del portador. En una realizacion preferida la capa 52 de captacion superior comprende un material no tejido mientras que la capa de captacion inferior preferiblemente comprende una mezcla de fibras quimicamente rigidizadas, retorcidas y onduladas, fibras de alta superficie especifica y fibras termoplasticas de union. En otra realizacion preferida ambas capas de captacion son proporcionadas de un material no tejido, que preferiblemente es hidrofilo. La capa de captacion preferiblemente esta en contacto directo con la capa 60 de almacenamiento.
La capa 60 de almacenamiento puede estar envuelta por un material de envoltura del nucleo. En una realizacion preferida, el material de envoltura de nucleo comprende una capa superior 56 y una capa inferior 58. El material de envoltura de nucleo, la capa superior 56 o la capa inferior 58 pueden estar hechos de un material no tejido. Un material preferido es el denominado material SMS, que comprende una capa ligada por hilado, una capa fundida por soplado y otra capa ligada por hilado. Son muy preferidos los materiales no tejidos permanentemente hidrofilos y en particular los materiales no tejidos con recubrimientos hidrofilos duraderos. Un material preferido alternativo comprende una estructura SMMS.
La capa superior 56 y la capa inferior 58 pueden estar hechas de dos o mas hojas separadas de materiales o de forma alternativa pueden estar hechas de una hoja unitaria de material. Esta hoja unitaria de material puede estar envuelta alrededor de la capa 60 de almacenamiento, p. ej. formando un pliegue en C.
Los materiales no tejidos preferidos estan hechos de fibras sinteticas, tales como PE, PET y con maxima preferencia PP. Dado que los polimeros utilizados para la produccion de materiales no tejidos son inherentemente hidrofobos, estos estan preferiblemente recubiertos con recubrimientos hidrofilos.
Una forma preferida de producir material no tejido con recubrimientos hidrofilos duraderos es aplicando un monomero hidrofilo y un iniciador de polimerizacion de radicales al material no tejido y realizando una polimerizacion activada mediante luz UV para obtener monomeros quimicamente unidos a la superficie del material no tejido como se describe en la solicitud de patente europea en tramite EP-02021943.2 (Referencia del representante CM2701FQ).
Una manera alternativa preferida para producir materiales no tejidos con recubrimientos hidrofilos duraderos es recubrir el material no tejido con nanoparticulas hidrofilas como se describe en la solicitud en tramite WO 02/064877.
De forma tipica, las nanoparticulas tienen una dimension maxima de menos de 750 nm. Las nanoparticulas con tamanos entre 2 nm y 750 nm pueden ser producidas de forma rentable. Las ventajas de las nanoparticulas es que muchas de ellas pueden dispersarse facilmente en solucion de agua para permitir la aplicacion de recubrimiento sobre el material no tejido; de forma tipica a partir de recubrimientos transparentes, y los recubrimientos aplicados a partir de soluciones acuosas son de forma tipica suficientemente resistentes a la exposicion al agua.
Las nanoparticulas pueden ser de tipo organico o inorganico, sintetico o natural. Las nanoparticulas inorganicas generalmente existen como oxidos, silicatos o carbonatos. Ejemplos tipicos de nanoparticulas adecuadas son los minerales laminados de arcilla (p. ej., LAPONITE™ de Southern Clay Products, Inc. (EE. UU.) y la alumina bohemita (p. ej., Disperal P2™ de North American Sasol. Inc).
Un material no tejido recubierto con nanoparticulas muy preferido se describe en la solicitud de patente en tramite titulada “Disposable absorbent article comprising a durable hydrophilic core wrap” cuyos inventores (en EE. UU., los solicitantes) son Ekaterina Anatolyevna Ponomarenko y Mattias NMN Schmidt.
Se describen otros materiales no tejidos utiles en las solicitudes de patente en tramite con las referencias del representante 8837.8838, 8408MX, 8857 y 8858.
En algunos casos, la superficie del material no tejido puede ser tratada previamente con metodos de alta energia (corona, plasma) antes de aplicar recubrimientos de nanoparticulas. El tratamiento previo con alta energia de forma tipica aumenta temporalmente la energia superficial de una superficie con baja energia superficial (tal como PP) permitiendo asi una mejor humectacion de un material no tejido por la dispersion de nanoparticulas en agua.
Cabe destacar que los materiales no tejidos permanentemente hidrofilos son tambien utiles en otras partes de un articulo absorbente. Por ejemplo, se ha descubierto que las laminas superiores y las capas de captacion que comprenden materiales no tejidos permanentemente hidrofilos, como se ha descrito anteriormente, dan buen resultado.
En resumen, en un aspecto de la presente invencion, se prefieren los articulos absorbentes que comprenden una tela no tejida, comprendiendo la tela no tejida una pluralidad de fibras y teniendo una tension superficial de al menos 55 mN/m, preferiblemente de al menos 60 mN/m y con maxima preferencia de al menos 65 mN/m o superior cuando esta es humedecida con solucion salina y presentando un tiempo de penetracion de menos de 5 s para un quinto chorro de liquido.
La tension superficial es una medida del mantenimiento de un cierto nivel de hidrofilicidad. Este valor debe ser medido utilizando el metodo de ensayo descrito mas adelante en la presente memoria.
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El tiempo de penetracion del liquido es una medida de cierto nivel de hidrofilicidad. Este valor debe medirse utilizando el metodo de ensayo descrito mas adelante en la presente memoria.
En una realizacion preferida de la presente invencion, el nucleo absorbente 28 comprende una capa 100 de sustrato, material 110 polimerico absorbente y una capa fibrosa de adhesivo 120. La capa 100 de sustrato esta preferiblemente hecha de un material no tejido y los materiales no tejidos preferidos son aquellos ilustrados anteriormente para la capa superior 56 o la capa inferior 58.
La capa 100 de sustrato comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie. Al menos partes de la primera superfficie de la capa 100 de sustrato estan en contacto directo con una capa de material 110 polimerico absorbente. Esta capa de material 110 polimerico absorbente es preferiblemente una capa discontinua y comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie. En la presente memoria, una capa discontinua es una capa que comprende aberturas. De forma tipica, estas aberturas tienen un diametro o separacion mas amplio de menos de 10 mm, preferiblemente menos de 5 mm, 3 mm, 2 mm, y de mas de 0,5 mm, 1 mm o 1,5 mm. Al menos partes de la segunda superficie de la capa 110 de material polimerico absorbente estan en contacto con al menos partes de la primera superficie del material 100 de la capa de sustrato. La primera superficie del material 112 polimerico absorbente delimita una cierta altura de la capa de polimero absorbente por encima de la primera superficie de la capa del material 100 de sustrato. Cuando la capa de material 110 polimerico absorbente es proporcionada como una capa discontinua, partes de la primera superficie de la capa 100 de sustrato no estan cubiertas por material 110 polimerico absorbente. El nucleo absorbente 28 tambien comprende una composicion termoplastica 120. Esta composicion termoplastica 120 sirve para inmovilizar al menos parcialmente el material 110 polimerico absorbente.
Sin embargo, en una realizacion incluso mas preferida de la presente invencion, el material termoplastico 120 es proporcionado como una capa fibrosa que esta parcialmente en contacto con el material 110 polimerico absorbente y parcialmente en contacto con la capa 100 de sustrato. La Figura 3 muestra esta estructura preferida. En esta estructura preferida la capa de material 110 polimerico absorbente es proporcionada como una capa discontinua y una capa de material 120 termoplastico fibroso es aplicada sobre la capa de material 110 polimerico absorbente de manera que la capa termoplastica 120 este en contacto directo con la primera superficie de la capa de material 110 polimerico absorbente, pero tambien en contacto directo con la primera superficie de la capa 100 de sustrato, no estando la capa de sustrato cubierta por el material 110 polimerico absorbente. Esto proporciona una estructura practicamente tridimensional a la capa fibrosa de material termoplastico 120 la cual, en si misma, es una estructura practicamente bidimensional con un espesor relativamente pequeno (en la direccion z), con respecto a la extension en las direcciones x e y. En otras palabras, la capa 120 fibrosa de material termoplastico ondula entre la primera superficie del material 110 polimerico absorbente y la primera superficie de la capa 100 de sustrato.
Asi, el material termoplastico 120 proporciona cavidades para contener el material 110 polimerico absorbente e inmovilizar este material. En otro aspecto, el material termoplastico 120 se une al sustrato 100 fijando asi el material 110 polimerico absorbente al sustrato 100. Los materiales termoplasticos muy preferidos tambien penetraran en el material 110 polimerico absorbente y en la capa 100 de sustrato, proporcionando asi una inmovilizacion y una fijacion adicionales.
Logicamente, aunque los materiales termoplasticos descritos en la presente memoria proporcionan una inmovilizacion en estado humedo mucho mejor, es decir una inmovilizacion del material absorbente cuando el articulo esta mojado o al menos parcialmente cargado, estos materiales termoplasticos tambien proporcionan una inmovilizacion del material absorbente muy buena cuando el articulo esta seco.
De acuerdo con la presente invencion, el material 110 polimerico absorbente tambien puede ser mezclado con material fibroso, tal como material de fieltro de aire, que puede proporcionar la matriz para una inmovilizacion adicional del material polimerico superabsorbente. Sin embargo, preferiblemente se utiliza una cantidad relativamente baja de material fibroso de celulosa, preferiblemente menos de 40%, 20% o 10%, en peso de material fibroso de celulosa con respecto al peso de material 110 polimerico absorbente.
Una estructura alternativa preferida de la presente invencion se muestra en la Figura 4. El nucleo absorbente mostrado en la Figura 4 tambien comprende una capa 130 de cubierta. Esta capa de cubierta puede estar hecha del mismo material que la capa 100 de sustrato o puede estar hecha de un material diferente. Los materiales preferidos para la capa de cubierta son los materiales no tejidos, de forma tipica los materiales descritos anteriormente como utiles para la capa superior 56 y la capa inferior 58. En esta realizacion partes de la capa 130 de cubierta se unen a partes de la capa 100 de sustrato mediante el material termoplastico 120. Asi, la capa 100 de sustrato junto con la capa 130 de cubierta proporcionan cavidades para inmovilizar el material 110 polimerico absorbente.
Con respecto a las Figuras 3 y 4, las zonas de contacto directo entre el material termoplastico 120 y el material 100 de sustrato reciben el nombre de zonas de union 140. La forma, el numero y la disposicion de las zonas de union 140 afectaran a la inmovilizacion del material 110 polimerico absorbente. Las zonas de union pueden tener forma cuadrada, rectangular o circular. Las zonas de union preferidas tienen forma circular. Preferiblemente, tienen un diametro de mas de 0,5 mm, o 1 mm, o 1,5 mm y de menos de 10 mm, o 5 mm, o 3 mm, o 2 mm. Si las
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areas de union 140 no son de forma circular, preferiblemente tienen un tamano que quepa dentro de un circulo de cualquiera de los diametros preferidos mencionados anteriormente.
Las zonas de union 140 pueden estar dispuestas en un diseno normal o irregular. Por ejemplo, las zonas de union 140 pueden estar dispuestas a lo largo de lineas como se muestra en la Figura 5. Estas lineas pueden estar alineadas con el eje longitudinal del nucleo absorbente o de forma alternativa pueden formar un cierto angulo con respecto a los bordes longitudinales del nucleo. Se ha descubierto que una disposicion a lo largo de lineas paralelas a los bordes longitudinales del nucleo absorbente 28 permite crear canales en la direccion longitudinal que producen una menor inmovilizacion en estado humedo. Preferiblemente, por tanto, las zonas de union 140 estan dispuestas a lo largo de lineas que forman un angulo de 20 grados, 30 grados, 40 grados o 45 grados con los bordes longitudinales del nucleo absorbente 28. Otro diseno preferido para las zonas de union 140 es un diseno que comprende poligonos, por ejemplo pentagonos y hexagonos o una combinacion de pentagonos y hexagonos. Tambien son preferidos los disenos irregulares de las zonas de union 140, que tambien se ha observado que proporcionan una buena inmovilizacion en estado humedo.
Segun la presente invencion, se pueden seleccionar dos disenos fundamentalmente diferentes para las zonas de union 140. En una realizacion, las zonas de union son discontinuas. Se encuentran colocadas dentro de zonas de material absorbente, como islas en el mar. Las areas de material absorbente reciben entonces el nombre de areas conectadas. En una realizacion alternativa, las zonas de union pueden estar unidas. Entonces, el material absorbente puede estar depositado en un diseno discontinuo o, en otras palabras, el material absorbente representa islas en un mar de material termoplastico (120). Por tanto, una capa discontinua de material 110 polimerico absorbente puede comprender zonas conectadas de material 110 polimerico absorbente o puede comprender zonas discontinuas de material 110 polimerico absorbente.
En un aspecto de la presente invencion, se ha descubierto que se pueden formar nucleos absorbentes que proporcionan una buena inmovilizacion en estado humedo combinando dos capas como se muestra en la Figura 3 y se describe en su contexto. Una realizacion de este tipo se muestra en la Figura 6. El material de nucleo absorbente mostrado en la Figura 6 comprende dos capas de sustrato 100, dos capas de material 110 polimerico absorbente y dos capas de materiales 120 termoplasticos fibrosos. Cuando se utilizan dos capas discontinuas de un material 110 polimerico absorbente, estas se disponen de forma tipica de forma que el material polimerico absorbente de una capa este orientado hacia las zonas de union 140 de la otra capa. En una realizacion alternativa preferida, sin embargo, las zonas de union (140) estan desplazadas y no estan enfrentadas entre si. Por tanto preferiblemente, cuando dos capas de almacenamiento estan unidas, esto se realiza de manera que la primera superficie de la capa (100) de sustrato de la primera capa (60) de almacenamiento este enfrentada a la primera superficie de la capa (100) de sustrato de la segunda capa (60) de almacenamiento.
La presente invencion, y de forma especifica la realizacion preferida descrita con respecto a las Figuras 3, 4 y 6, pueden utilizarse para proporcionar la capa 60 de almacenamiento de un nucleo absorbente. Sin embargo, tambien pueden utilizarse para proporcionar el nucleo 28 absorbente completo. En este caso no se utilizan otros materiales para envolver el nucleo, tales como la capa superior 56 y la capa inferior 58. Con respecto a la Figura 6, las dos capas 100 de sustrato utilizadas pueden realizar las funciones de la capa superior 56 y de la capa inferior 58, respectivamente.
Segun la presente invencion, la capa termoplastica 120 puede comprender cualquier composicion termoplastica, siendo preferidas las composiciones termoplasticas adhesivas, tambien mencionadas como adhesivos de fusion en caliente. Diferentes composiciones termoplasticas son adecuadas para inmovilizar el material absorbente.
Algunos materiales inicialmente termoplasticos pueden posteriormente perder su termoplasticidad debido a una etapa de curado, p. ej. iniciada mediante calor, radiacion UV, exposicion a un haz de electrones o humedad u otro medio de curado, dando lugar a una formacion irreversible de una red reticulada de enlaces covalentes. Los materiales que han perdido su comportamiento termoplastico inicial tambien se consideran en la presente memoria como materiales termoplasticos 120.
Sin pretender imponer ninguna teoria, se ha descubierto que estas composiciones termoplasticas son de maxima utilidad para inmovilizar el material 110 polimerico absorbente, combinando una buena cohesion y un buen comportamiento de adhesion. Una buena adhesion es critica para garantizar que la capa 120 termoplastica mantenga un buen contacto con el material 110 polimerico absorbente y en particular con el sustrato. La buena adhesion representa un reto, especialmente cuando se utiliza un sustrato no tejido. La buena cohesion garantiza que el adhesivo no se rompa, en particular como respuesta a fuerzas externas y especialmente como respuesta a la deformacion. El adhesivo esta sometido a fuerzas externas cuando el producto absorbente ha absorbido liquido, que despues es almacenado en el material 110 polimerico absorbente el cual, como respuesta, se hincha. Un adhesivo preferido permitira este hinchamiento sin romperse y sin transmitir demasiada fuerza de compresion, lo que impediria que el material 110 polimerico absorbente se hinchara. Cabe destacar que, de acuerdo con la presente invencion, el adhesivo no deberia romperse ya que esto afectaria a la inmovilizacion en estado humedo. Las composiciones termoplasticas preferidas que cumplen estos requisitos tienen las siguientes caracteristicas:
La composicion termoplastica puede comprender, en su conjunto, un unico polimero termoplastico o una mezcla de polimeros termoplasticos que tienen un punto de reblandecimiento, determinado mediante el metodo ASTM D-
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36-95 “Ring and Ball”, en el intervalo de 50 0C a 300 0C, o de forma alternativa la composicion termoplastica puede ser un adhesivo de fusion en caliente que comprende al menos un polfmero termoplastico junto con otros diluyentes termoplasticos tales como resinas adhesivas, plastificantes y aditivos tales como antioxidantes.
El polfmero termoplastico tiene, de forma tfpica, un peso molecular (PM) de mas de 10.000 y una temperatura de transicion vftrea (Tg) habitualmente inferior a la temperatura ambiente. Las concentraciones tfpicas del polfmero en una masa fundida estan en el intervalo de 20-40% en peso. Una amplia variedad de polfmeros termoplasticos son adecuados para su uso en la presente invencion. Estos polfmeros termoplasticos son preferiblemente insensibles al agua. Ejemplos de polfmeros son los copolfmeros de bloques (estirenicos) incluidas estructuras de tres bloques A-B-A, estructuras de dos bloques A-B y estructuras de copolfmero de bloques radiales (A-B)n, en donde los bloques A son bloques de polfmeros no elastomericos, de forma tfpica que comprenden poliestireno, y los bloques B son dieno conjugado insaturado o versiones (parcialmente) hidrogenadas de este. El bloque B es de forma tfpica isopreno, butadieno, etileno/butileno (butadieno hidrogenado), etileno/propileno (isopreno hidrogenado) y mezclas de los mismos.
Otros polfmeros termoplasticos adecuados que pueden ser utilizados son las poliolefinas de metaloceno, que son polfmeros de etileno que se preparan utilizando catalizadores de sitio unico o de metaloceno. En estos al menos un comonomero puede ser polimerizado con etileno para preparar un copolfmero, terpolfmero o polfmero de orden superior. Tambien son aplicables las poliolefinas amorfas o las polialfaolefinas amorfas (APAO) que son homopolfmeros, copolfmeros o terpolfmeros de alfaolefinas C2 a C8.
La resina tiene de forma tfpica un PM inferior a 5000 y una Tg normalmente superior a la temperatura ambiente; las concentraciones de la resina en una masa fundida estan comprendidas en el intervalo de 30% - 60%. El plastificante tiene un Pm, de forma tfpica, inferior a 1000 y una Tg inferior a la temperatura ambiente, una concentracion tfpica es de 0% -15%.
Preferiblemente, el adhesivo esta presente en forma de fibras por todo el nucleo, es decir, el adhesivo es fibroso. Preferiblemente, las fibras tendran un espesor medio de 1 micrometro - 50 micrometros y una longitud media de 5 mm a 50 cm.
Para mejorar la adhesion del material termoplastico 120 a la capa 100 de sustrato o a cualquier otra capa, en particular cualquier otra capa de material no tejido, esta capa puede ser tratada previamente con un adhesivo auxiliar.
Preferiblemente, el adhesivo cumplira al menos uno de los parametros siguientes, y mas preferiblemente varios o todos ellos:
Un adhesivo preferido tendra un modulo de almacenamiento G’ medido a 20 0C de, al menos, 30.000 Pa y menos de 300.000 Pa, preferiblemente menos de 200.000 Pa, mas preferiblemente menos de 100.000 Pa. El modulo de almacenamiento G’ a 20 0C es una medida de la “pegajosidad” permanente o de la adhesion permanente del material termoplastico utilizado. Una buena adhesion garantizara un contacto bueno y permanente entre el material termoplastico y por ejemplo la capa 100 de sustrato. En otro aspecto, el modulo de almacenamiento G’ medido a 60 0C deberfa ser de menos de 300.000 Pa y de mas de 18.000 Pa, preferiblemente de mas de 24.000 Pa y, con maxima preferencia, de mas de 30.000. El modulo de almacenamiento medido a 60 0C es una medida de la estabilidad de forma del material termoplastico a temperaturas ambiente elevadas. Este valor es especialmente importante si el producto absorbente se utiliza en un clima calido donde la composicion termoplastica perderfa su integridad si el modulo de almacenamiento G’ a 60 0C no fuera suficientemente elevado.
En otro aspecto, el angulo de perdida tan Delta del adhesivo a 60 0C deberfa ser inferior a 1, preferiblemente inferior a 0,5. El angulo de perdida tan Delta a 60 0C esta relacionado con el caracter lfquido de un adhesivo a temperatura ambiente elevada. Cuanto mas bajo es tan Delta, mas se comportara un adhesivo como un solido en lugar de como un lfquido, es decir menor sera su tendencia a fluir o migrar y menor sera la tendencia de una superestructura adhesiva como la descrita en la presente memoria a deteriorarse o incluso aplastarse con el tiempo. Este valor es, por tanto, especialmente importante si el artfculo absorbente se utiliza en un clima calido.
En otro aspecto, el adhesivo preferido deberfa tener una temperatura de transicion vftrea Tg de menos de 25 0C, preferiblemente de menos de 22 0C, mas preferiblemente de menos de 18 0C y, con maxima preferencia, de menos de 15 0C. Una temperatura de transicion vftrea Tg baja es beneficiosa para una buena adhesion. En otro aspecto una temperatura baja de transicion vftrea Tg garantiza que el material termoplastico adhesivo no se vuelva quebradizo.
En otro aspecto, un adhesivo preferido tendra una temperatura de transicion suficientemente elevada Tx. Se ha descubierto que una temperatura de transicion suficientemente elevada Tx es beneficiosa para la estabilidad a alta temperatura de la capa termoplastica y, por tanto, garantiza un buen rendimiento del producto absorbente y en particular una buena inmovilizacion en estado humedo incluso en climas calidos y a temperaturas elevadas. Por tanto, Tx deberfa preferiblemente ser superior a 80 0C, mas preferiblemente superior a 85 0C y, con maxima preferencia, superior a 90 0C.
En otro aspecto importante, los adhesivos preferidos de acuerdo con la presente invencion tendran un parametro de resistencia cohesiva y suficiente. El parametro de resistencia cohesiva y se mide utilizando el ensayo de fluencia reologica,
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como se describe a continuacion. Un parametro de resistencia cohesiva y suficientemente bajo es representative de un adhesivo elastico que, por ejemplo, puede ser estirado sin desgarro. Si se aplica una tension de t= 1000 Pa, el parametro de resistencia cohesiva y es preferiblemente menos de 100%, mas preferiblemente menos de 90%, y con maxima preferencia menos de 75%. Para una tension de t= 125.000 Pa, el parametro de resistencia cohesiva y es preferiblemente menos de 1200%, mas preferiblemente menos de 1000%, y con maxima preferencia menos de 800%.
Un adhesivo muy preferido util como material termoplastico (120) segun se describe en la presente memoria cumplira la mayor parte o todos los parametros anteriores. Debera dedicarse especial atencion a garantizar que el adhesivo proporcione tanto una buena cohesion como una buena adhesion.
El proceso para fabricar nucleos absorbentes 28 preferidos de acuerdo con la presente invencion comprende las siguientes etapas:
El nucleo absorbente 28 es aplicado sobre un tambor descendente, que presenta una superficie no uniforme. En una primera etapa del proceso la capa 100 de sustrato es aplicada sobre la superficie no uniforme. Debido a la gravedad, o preferiblemente utilizando un medio de vacio, la capa de material de sustrato seguira el contorno de la superficie no uniforme y de esta forma la capa de material de sustrato adoptara una forma de montana y valle. Sobre esta capa (100) de sustrato se dispone material polimerico absorbente por medios conocidos en la tecnica. El material polimerico absorbente se acumulara en los valles presentados por la capa 100 de sustrato. En otra etapa del proceso se aplica un adhesivo de fusion en caliente sobre el material polimerico absorbente.
Aunque puede utilizarse cualquier medio de aplicacion de adhesivo conocido en la tecnica para colocar el adhesivo de fusion en caliente sobre el material polimerico absorbente, el adhesivo de fusion en caliente preferiblemente se aplica mediante un sistema de boquilla. Preferiblemente, se utiliza un sistema de boquilla que puede proporcionar una cortina de adhesivo relativamente fina pero ancha. Esta cortina de adhesivo es a continuacion colocada sobre la capa 100 de sustrato y el material polimerico absorbente. Como las partes altas de montana de la capa 100 de sustrato estan menos cubiertas por material polimerico absorbente, el adhesivo entrara en contacto con estas zonas de la capa de sustrato.
En otra etapa opcional del proceso una capa 130 de cubierta se coloca sobre la capa 100 de sustrato, el material polimerico absorbente y la capa de adhesivo de fusion en caliente. La capa 130 de cubierta estara en contacto adhesivo con la capa 100 de sustrato en las zonas de union 140. En estas zonas de union 140 el adhesivo esta en contacto directo con la capa 100 de sustrato. La capa 130 de cubierta de forma tipica no estara en contacto adhesivo con la capa 100 de sustrato donde los valles de la capa 100 de sustrato estan llenos de material polimerico absorbente.
De forma alternativa la capa 130 de cubierta puede ser aplicada sobre un tambor con una superficie no uniforme y la capa 100 de sustrato puede ser anadida en una etapa consecutiva del proceso. La estructura mostrada en la Fig. 4 podria producirse mediante este proceso.
En una realizacion alternativa, la capa 130 de cubierta y la capa 100 de sustrato se proporcionan a partir de una hoja de material unitaria. La colocacion de la capa 130 de cubierta sobre la capa 100 de sustrato implicara entonces el plegamiento de la pieza de material unitaria.
Por tanto, el servicio no uniforme del sistema de aplicacion, que preferiblemente es un tambor de aplicacion, de forma tipica determina la distribucion del material polimerico absorbente por la capa 60 de almacenamiento y de forma analoga determina el diseno de las zonas de union 140. De forma alternativa, la distribucion del material polimerico absorbente puede ser influenciada por un medio de vacio.
Preferiblemente la distribucion del material polimerico absorbente tiene un perfil, y con maxima preferencia tiene un perfil en la direccion longitudinal. Por tanto, a lo largo del eje longitudinal del nucleo absorbente, que normalmente coincide con el eje longitudinal del articulo absorbente, por ejemplo del panal, el peso por unidad de superficie del material polimerico absorbente variara. El peso por unidad de superficie de material polimerico absorbente en al menos un primer cuadrado seleccionado libremente que mida 1 cm x 1 cm es al menos 10%, o 20%, 30%, 40% o 50% superior al peso por unidad de superficie de material polimerico absorbente en al menos un segundo cuadrado seleccionado libremente que mida 1 cm x 1 cm. Preferiblemente, el criterio se adopta si el primer y el segundo cuadrado estan centrados alrededor del eje longitudinal.
Opcionalmente, el nucleo absorbente tambien puede comprender un material fibroso absorbente, por ejemplo fibras de celulosa. Este material fibroso puede ser mezclado previamente con el material polimerico absorbente para ser aplicado en una etapa del proceso o de forma alternativa para ser aplicado en diferentes etapas del proceso.
Se ha descubierto que resulta beneficioso utilizar un material polimerico absorbente en forma de particulas para los nucleos absorbentes realizados en la presente invencion. Sin pretender imponer ninguna teoria, se cree que este material, incluso en estado hinchado, es decir, cuando el liquido ha sido absorbido, no obstruye practicamente el flujo de liquido a traves del material, especialmente cuando la permeabilidad, expresada por la conductividad en flujo de solucion salina del material polimerico absorbente, es mayor que 10, 20, 30 o 40
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unidades SFC, en donde 1 unidad SFC es 1 x 10-7 (cm3 x s) / g. La conductividad en flujo de solucion salina es un parametro bien conocido en la tecnica y se mide de acuerdo con el ensayo descrito en EP-752 892 B.
Para conseguir una capacidad de absorcion suficiente en un articulo absorbente preferido segun la presente invencion, y especialmente si el articulo absorbente es un panal o un producto para adultos incontinentes, el material polimerico superabsorbente estara presente con un peso por unidad de superficie de mas de 50 g/m2,
100 g/m2, 200 g/m2
300 g/m , 400 g/m , 500 g/m , 600 g/m
700 g/m2, 800 g/m2 o 900 g/m2.
Los articulos preferidos segun la presente invencion alcanzan un ancho de entrepierna relativamente estrecho, que aumenta el confort de uso. Un articulo preferido segun la presente invencion alcanza una anchura de entrepierna de menos de 100 mm, 90 mm, 80 mm, 70 mm, 60 mm o incluso menos de 50 mm. Por lo tanto, preferiblemente un nucleo absorbente segun la presente invencion tiene una anchura de entrepierna, medida a lo largo de una linea transversal situada a la misma distancia del borde frontal y el borde posterior del nucleo, que es de menos de 100 mm, 90 mm, 80 mm, 70 mm, 60 mm o incluso menos de 50 mm. Se ha descubierto que, para la mayoria de los articulos absorbentes, la descarga de liquido se produce predominantemente en la mitad frontal. La mitad frontal del nucleo absorbente deberia, por tanto, comprender la mayor parte de la capacidad de absorcion del nucleo. Preferiblemente la mitad frontal de dicho nucleo absorbente comprende mas de 60%, mas preferiblemente mas de 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% o 90%, de la capacidad de absorcion.
Ensayo de fluencia reologica
Equipo:
• Reometro AR 2000 de TA Instruments como se describe a continuacion
• Resto Reometro:
En un ensayo para analizar la fluencia se utiliza el reometro AR 2000 de TA Instruments. En el mercado se encuentran disponibles otros reometros que proporcionan practicamente los mismos resultados en el ensayo. La Figura 8 proporciona una representacion esquematica del reometro (400). El reometro es capaz de aplicar un esfuerzo de cizallamiento al adhesivo y medir la respuesta de deformacion resultante (deformacion por cizallamiento) a temperatura constante. El adhesivo se coloca entre un elemento Peltier que actua como placa (410) fija inferior y una placa superior (420) con un radio R de 10 mm, que esta unida al arbol de accionamiento de un motor para generar el esfuerzo de cizallamiento. La distancia entre ambas placas tiene una altura H de 1500 micrometros. El elemento Peltier permite controlar la temperatura del material (± 0,5 0C).
Preparacion de la muestra:
• Homogeneizar el adhesivo a 150 °C-175 0C (dependiendo del tipo de adhesivo) durante 1 hora en un horno de laboratorio
• Agitar ocasionalmente para garantizar un mezclado adecuado de la envoltura y el adhesivo pero evitando la formacion de burbujas de aire
• Despues de la homogeneizacion en el horno verter la muestra sobre papel de silicona para que se enfrie.
• Una vez que el material se ha enfriado a TA, pesar aproximadamente 0,6 g de adhesivo para el ensayo de fluencia y colocar el material sobre la placa Peltier
Ejecucion del ensayo:
• Fundir el adhesivo a 120 0C (o a una temperatura superior en caso necesario) sobre la placa Peltier
• En cuanto el adhesivo este completamente fundido, bajar la placa superior a una distancia de 1500 micrometros para ponerla en contacto adecuado con el adhesivo fundido
• Retirar el exceso de material
• Ajustar la temperatura a la temperatura de medicion de 35 0C
• Ajustar el tiempo de acondicionado a 20 min para garantizar un equilibrio termico entre el elemento Peltier, el adhesivo y la placa superior
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• Fijar la tension de medicion t a un valor constante (p. ej. 10.000 Pa o a 125.000 Pa) para aplicarla inmediatamente al adhesivo al comenzar la etapa de retardo
• Ajustar el tiempo de retardo a 5 min.
• Ajustar la tension a cero para eliminar inmediatamente la tension al comienzo de la etapa de recuperacion
• Ajustar el tiempo de recuperacion a 5 min.
• Una vez finalizado el ensayo, fundir el adhesivo, levantar la placa superior y retirar el adhesivo tanto del elemento Peltier como de la placa superior.
• Volver a ajustar la temperatura a la temperatura de medicion o a la temperatura de espera (TA)
Informe de resultados
• Anotar la deformacion en % (valor y, en la presente memoria mencionada como parametro de resistencia cohesiva) como una funcion de la temperatura y la tension despues de 5 min. de aplicar tension (al final de la etapa de retardo), p. ej. a 35 0C y 10.000 Pa o a 35 0C y 125.000 PA, como se describe en la presente memoria.
Analisis mecanico dinamico (DMA) - Barrido en temperatura Equipo:
• Reometro AR 2000 de TA Instruments como se describe a continuacion
• Resto Reometro:
El equipo establecido para realizar el barrido en temperatura comprende el reometro AR 2000 de TA Instruments como se describe en la presente memoria. En el mercado se encuentran disponibles otros reometros que proporcionan practicamente los mismos resultados en el ensayo. La Figura 8 proporciona una representacion esquematica del reometro (400). El reometro es capaz de aplicar un esfuerzo de cizallamiento al adhesivo y medir la respuesta de deformacion resultante (deformacion por cizallamiento) a temperatura constante.
El reometro es capaz de aplicar una pequena tension oscilatoria para conseguir una deformacion oscilatoria constante dentro de la region viscoelastica lineal del adhesivo (p. ej. 0,05%). El instrumento permite medir el modulo de almacenamiento resultante, el modulo de perdida y la desviacion de fase entre la tension y la deformacion (factor de perdida) en funcion de la temperatura. La frecuencia de oscilacion es 1 Hz. El adhesivo se coloca entre un elemento Peltier que actua como placa (410) fija inferior y una placa superior (420) con un radio R de 10 mm, que esta unida al arbol de accionamiento de un motor para generar el esfuerzo de cizallamiento. La distancia entre ambas placas tiene una altura H de 1500 micrometros. El elemento Peltier permite controlar la temperatura del material (± 0,5 °C).
Preparacion de la muestra:
• Homogeneizar el adhesivo a 150 °C-175 0C (dependiendo del tipo de adhesivo) durante 1 hora en un horno de laboratorio.
• Agitar ocasionalmente para garantizar un mezclado adecuado de la envoltura y el adhesivo pero evitando la formacion de burbujas de aire.
• Despues de la homogeneizacion en el horno, verter la muestra sobre papel de silicona para que se enfrie.
• Despues de enfriar el material a TA, pesar aproximadamente 0,6 g de adhesivo, hacer un barrido en temperatura y colocar el material sobre la placa Peltier.
Ejecucion del ensayo:
• Fundir el adhesivo a 120 0C (o a una temperatura superior en caso necesario) sobre la placa Peltier
• En cuanto el adhesivo este completamente fundido, bajar la placa superior a una distancia de 1500 micrometros para ponerla en contacto adecuado con el adhesivo fundido
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• Retirar el exceso de material y ajustar la temperatura a la temperatura inicial de medicion (p. ej. 150 0C, dependiendo del intervalo de temperatura de interes ^ ver mas adelante)
• Ajustar la temperatura a la temperatura inicial dependiendo del intervalo de temperatura en el que se desean determinar las propiedades reologicas del adhesivo (p. ej. 150 0C, en cualquier caso comenzar con la temperatura mas alta).
• Ajustar el tiempo de acondicionado a 20 min para garantizar un equilibrio termico entre el elemento Peltier, el adhesivo y la placa superior
• Ajustar la temperatura inicial (vease mas arriba)
• Ajustar la deformacion constante de medicion (p. ej. 0,05%)
• Ajustar la frecuencia constante (p. ej. 1 Hz)
• Ajustar la velocidad de enfriamiento (p. ej. 2 0C/min)
• Ajustar la temperatura final (p. ej. -5 0C) dependiendo del intervalo de temperatura en donde se desean determinar las propiedades reologicas del adhesivo y en funcion de la capacidad de enfriamiento del elemento Peltier
• Ajustar la temperatura a TA
• Una vez finalizado el ensayo, fundir el adhesivo, levantar la placa superior y retirar el adhesivo tanto del elemento Peltier como de la placa superior.
• Volver a ajustar la temperatura a TA Informe de resultados
• Anotar el modulo de almacenamiento G' en Pa y el factor de perdida tangente delta (adimensional) a 20 °C y 60 0C
• Anotar la temperatura de transicion vitrea Tg en 0C (punto de inflexion de G')
• Anotar la temperatura de transicion Tx en 0C en la cual G' es igual a G” al final de la meseta de caucho hacia una temperatura superior (comienzo de la zona terminal)
Determinacion de la tension superficial
La tension superficial (unidad: mN/m) se determina segun la siguiente prueba.
Aparato:
Equipo: Tensiometro K10 proporcionado por Kruss GmbH, Alemania, o equivalente. La velocidad de elevacion del recipiente deberia ser 4 mm/min. La altura de la superficie del liquido debe detectarse automaticamente cuando se utiliza una placa o un anillo. El equipo debe ser capaz de ajustar automaticamente la posicion de la muestra a la altura correcta. La precision del ensayo deberia ser de +/- 0,1 mN/m.
Procedimiento:
1. Verter 40 ml de solucion salina (0,9% en peso de NaCl en agua desionizada) en un vaso de precipitados limpio.
2. Analizar la tension superficial con un anillo de platino o una placa de platino. La tension superficial deberia ser 71 - 72 mN/m a 20 0C.
3. Limpiar el vaso de precipitados con agua desionizada e isopropanol y quemarlo con un quemador de gas durante algunos segundos. Esperar hasta equilibrar a temperatura ambiente.
4. Colocar 10 piezas de 60x60 mm del material no tejido que se desea analizar en un vaso de precipitados limpio. El material no tejido deberia tener un peso por unidad de superficie de al menos 10 g/m2.
5. Anadir 40 ml de solucion salina (0,9% en peso de NaCl en agua desionizada).
6. Agitar con una varilla de plastico limpia exenta de tensioactivo durante 10 segundos.
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7. Dejar reposar la solucion con material no tejido durante 5 minutos.
8. Agitar de nuevo durante 10 segundos.
9. Retirar el material no tejido del disolvente con una varilla de plastico limpia exenta de tensioactivo.
10. Dejar reposar la solucion durante 10 minutos.
11. Analizar la tension superficial con una placa de platino o anillo de platino.
Determinacion de la penetracion
El ensayo se realiza de acuerdo con el metodo Edana 150.3-96 (febrero 1996) para determinar el tiempo de penetracion de liquido. Una modificacion principal con respecto al metodo Edana consiste en que el ensayo descrito mas adelante no solo mide el primer chorro sino tambien varios chorros posteriores.
Aparato
> Equipo de penetracion Lister:
- Embudo equipado con valvula magnetica: Velocidad de descarga de 25 ml en 3,5 (± 0,25) segundos
- Placa de penetracion: Construida con vidrio acrilico de 25 mm de espesor. El peso total de la placa debe ser de 500 g. Los electrodos deben ser de material no corrosivo. Los electrodos se fijan en ranuras que tienen (4,0 mm x 7,0 mm) de seccion transversal, se cortan en la base de la placa y se fijan con resina epoxi de endurecimiento rapido.
- Placa base: Un cuadrado de vidrio acrilico de 125 mm x 125 mm aproximadamente.
> Soporte anular para sujetar el embudo
> Temporizador electronico que mide hasta 0,01 segundos
> Bureta con 50 ml de capacidad
> Papel de filtro Core de grado Ahlstrom 989 o equivalente (tiempo de penetracion medio de 1,7 s + - 0,3 s, dimensiones: 10 x 10 cm)
Procedimiento
1. Cortar cuidadosamente el numero necesario de muestras de 12,5 cm x 12,5 cm tocando la muestra solo por su borde.
2. Recoger 10 hojas de papel de filtro Core.
3. Colocar una muestra sobre el conjunto de 10 hojas de papel de filtro sobre la placa base. La muestra debe colocarse sobre el papel de filtro de forma que la cara del material no tejido prevista para estar orientada hacia la piel del usuario (cuando se aplica en un articulo absorbente) sea la superior.
4. Colocar la placa de penetracion en la parte superior situando el centro de la placa sobre el centro de la pieza ensayada.
5. Centrar la bureta y el embudo sobre la placa.
6. Comprobar que los electrodos estan conectados al temporizador. Enchufar el temporizador y ajustar el reloj a cero.
7. Llenar la bureta con solucion salina (0,9% en peso de NaCl en agua desionizada).
8. Mantener la valvula de descarga del embudo cerrada y verter 5,0 ml de liquido (= un chorro) desde la bureta al embudo.
8. Abrir la valvula magnetica del embudo para descargar 5,0 ml de liquido. El flujo inicial de liquido cerrara el circuito electrico y activara el temporizador. Este se parara cuando el liquido haya penetrado en la almohadilla y caido por debajo del nivel de los electrodos en la placa de penetracion.
9. Anotar el tiempo indicado en el temporizador electronico.
10. Esperar 60 segundos y volver de nuevo al punto 6 para el segundo chorro, el tercer chorro y los chorros posteriores, comprendiendo cada chorro 5 ml de liquido.
11. Anotar: Los tiempos en segundos del 1°, 2° y posteriores chorros.
Claims (8)
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- 2.40
- 3.45 4.
- 5.50
- 6.55 7.
- 8.60REIVINDICACIONESUn nucleo absorbente (28) util para un articulo absorbente (20), comprendiendo el nucleo capas de almacenamiento que estan unidas,comprendiendo cada capa de almacenamiento una capa (100) de sustrato que comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie,comprendiendo ademas dicha capa de almacenamiento una capa discontinua de material absorbente con zonas que comprenden material absorbente y zonas exentas de material absorbente, estando conectadas dichas zonas que comprenden material absorbente o estando conectadas dichas zonas exentas de material absorbente,comprendiendo dicho material absorbente un material (110) polimerico absorbente,comprendiendo dicho material absorbente, de forma opcional, un material fibroso absorbente que no representa mas del 20 por ciento en peso del peso total del material (110) polimerico absorbente,comprendiendo dicha capa discontinua de material absorbente una primera superficie y una segunda superficie,comprendiendo dicho nucleo absorbente (28) ademas una capa de material termoplastico (120),comprendiendo dicha capa de material termoplastico (120) una primera superficie y una segunda superficie, en donde dicha segunda superficie de dicha capa discontinua de material absorbente esta en al menos contacto parcial con dicha primera superficie de dicha capa (100) de sustrato, y partes de dicha segunda superficie de dicha capa de material termoplastico (120) estan en contacto directo con dicha primera superficie de dicha capa (100) de sustrato en zonas de union, y partes de dicha segunda superficie de la dicha capa de material termoplastico (120) estan en contacto directo con dicha primera superficie de dicha capa discontinua de material absorbente.en donde cuando dichas zonas que comprenden material absorbente estan conectadas, las zonas de union se encuentran colocadas dentro de las zonas de material absorbente como islas en un mar y en donde, cuando dichas zonas exentas de material absorbente estan conectadas, el material absorbente representa islas en un mar de material termoplastico.Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun la reivindicacion 1, en donde una primera y una segunda capa de almacenamiento estan unidas, de manera que la primera superficie del material (100) de sustrato de la primera capa (60) de almacenamiento esta enfrentada a la primera superficie de la capa (100) de sustrato de la segunda capa (60) de almacenamiento.Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun la reivindicacion 1 o 2, en donde dicha capa de material termoplastico (120) comprende una estructura de tipo reticular.Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde dicho material (110) polimerico absorbente comprende particulas polimericas absorbentes.Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde dicho material (110) polimerico absorbente esta presente en toda el area de dicho nucleo absorbente (28) en un peso por unidad de superficie de al menos 100 g/m2 y preferiblemente al menos 300 g/m2.Un nucleo absorbente segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, que comprende al menos una capa (130) de cubierta.Un articulo absorbente que comprende un nucleo absorbente segun cualquier reivindicacion anterior.Un proceso adaptado para proporcionar un nucleo absorbente (28) que es segun cualquier reivindicacion anterior y que sirve en un articulo absorbente (20), comprendiendo dicho proceso proporcionar un nucleo absorbente mediante un proceso que comprende las etapas de:- proporcionar un material (100) de sustrato que comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie;depositar material absorbente sobre dicha primera superficie de dicho material (100) de sustrato en un diseno, comprendiendo el diseno al menos una zona que esta practicamente exenta de material absorbente y comprendiendo el diseno al menos una zona que comprende material absorbente; estando51015
- 9.20
- 10.conectadas las zonas que comprenden material absorbente o estando conectadas dichas zonas exentas de material absorbente;- depositar un material termoplastico (120) sobre dicha primera superficie de dicho material (100) de sustrato y dicho material absorbente, de manera que partes de dicho material termoplastico (100) estan en contacto directo con dicha primera superficie de dicho sustrato en zonas de union, y partes de dicho material termoplastico (120) estan en contacto directo con dicho material absorbente,comprendiendo dicho proceso otra etapa de unir las capas (60) de almacenamiento realizadas segun las etapas anteriores para proporcionar un nucleo absorbente (28) que comprende varias capas de almacenamiento,en donde cuando dichas zonas que comprenden material absorbente estan conectadas, las zonas de union se encuentran colocadas dentro de las zonas de material absorbente, como islas en un mar, y en donde, cuando dichas zonas exentas de material absorbente estan conectadas, el material absorbente representa islas en un mar de material termoplastico.Un proceso segun la reivindicacion 8, en donde una primera y una segunda capa de almacenamiento estan unidas, de manera que la primera superficie del material (100) de sustrato de la primera capa (60) de almacenamiento esta enfrentada a la primera superficie de la capa (100) de sustrato de la segunda capa (60) de almacenamiento.Un proceso segun la reivindicacion 8 o 9, en donde dicho material absorbente comprende 80 por ciento en peso, preferiblemente 90 por ciento en peso, preferiblemente 100 por ciento en peso de material polimerico absorbente.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10150874.5A EP2177189B1 (en) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Absorbent core for an absorbent article |
| EP03002678A EP1447067B1 (en) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Thin and dry diaper |
Publications (1)
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| ES2560204T3 true ES2560204T3 (es) | 2016-02-17 |
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| ES07122177T Expired - Lifetime ES2339713T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Nucleo absorbente para un articulo absorbente. |
| ES07122173.3T Expired - Lifetime ES2627029T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
| ES10182065.2T Expired - Lifetime ES2443306T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
| ES07122171T Expired - Lifetime ES2372979T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente. |
| ES10150874.5T Expired - Lifetime ES2560204T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
| ES07122169.1T Expired - Lifetime ES2452317T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
| ES10150871.1T Expired - Lifetime ES2560203T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
| ES03002678T Expired - Lifetime ES2297062T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Pañal fino y seco. |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| ES07122176.6T Expired - Lifetime ES2347827T5 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
| ES07122177T Expired - Lifetime ES2339713T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Nucleo absorbente para un articulo absorbente. |
| ES07122173.3T Expired - Lifetime ES2627029T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
| ES10182065.2T Expired - Lifetime ES2443306T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
| ES07122171T Expired - Lifetime ES2372979T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente. |
Family Applications After (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| ES07122169.1T Expired - Lifetime ES2452317T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
| ES10150871.1T Expired - Lifetime ES2560203T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
| ES03002678T Expired - Lifetime ES2297062T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Pañal fino y seco. |
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| EP (10) | EP1913913A3 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP4425865B2 (es) |
| KR (2) | KR20050113179A (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1741780B (es) |
| AR (6) | AR043165A1 (es) |
| AT (4) | ATE523180T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2004212006B8 (es) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0407132B8 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2515118C (es) |
| CL (1) | CL2004000246A1 (es) |
| DE (2) | DE60317873T2 (es) |
| EG (1) | EG23770A (es) |
| ES (9) | ES2347827T5 (es) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05007634A (es) |
| PL (2) | PL223230B1 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2004071539A2 (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200505366B (es) |
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