JPH034890B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH034890B2 JPH034890B2 JP18822583A JP18822583A JPH034890B2 JP H034890 B2 JPH034890 B2 JP H034890B2 JP 18822583 A JP18822583 A JP 18822583A JP 18822583 A JP18822583 A JP 18822583A JP H034890 B2 JPH034890 B2 JP H034890B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- ring
- atom
- general formula
- photographic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical group N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001691 aryl alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-thiadiazole Chemical group C1=CSN=N1 UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000355 1,3-benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 16
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 11
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 6
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JEHKKBHWRAXMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfinic acid Chemical compound O[S@@](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JEHKKBHWRAXMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UOCJDOLVGGIYIQ-PBFPGSCMSA-N cefatrizine Chemical group S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CC=1CSC=1C=NNN=1 UOCJDOLVGGIYIQ-PBFPGSCMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCNYEGJDGNOYJX-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-2,3-dibromo-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(\Br)=C(/Br)C=O NCNYEGJDGNOYJX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-2,3-dichloro-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(\Cl)=C(/Cl)C=O LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBYRMPXUBGMOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one Chemical class OC=1C=CNN=1 XBYRMPXUBGMOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKTSMPLPCJREOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(ethenylsulfonyl)-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)N1CN(S(=O)(=O)C=C)CN(S(=O)(=O)C=C)C1 IKTSMPLPCJREOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N1CC1CO1 OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-selenazole Chemical class C1=C[se]C=N1 ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZFSRQQVIKFYON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-acetyl-5-prop-2-enoyl-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 MZFSRQQVIKFYON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAMCBFNNGGVPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(ethenylsulfonylmethoxymethylsulfonyl)ethene Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)COCS(=O)(=O)C=C KAMCBFNNGGVPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole Chemical compound SC1=NN=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3,5-di(prop-2-enoyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDBOKKNWJQFKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n-bis(2-chloroethyl)piperazine-1,4-dicarboxamide Chemical compound ClCCNC(=O)N1CCN(C(=O)NCCCl)CC1 DDBOKKNWJQFKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-tetrazol-1-ium-5-thiolate Chemical class SC1=NN=NN1 JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BADOWXURCZJVMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-1h-1,3,5-triazin-4-ol;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OC1(Cl)N=CNC(Cl)=N1 BADOWXURCZJVMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKAPWXKZLYJQJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound COC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 JKAPWXKZLYJQJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001473 2,4-thiazolidinediones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GFISDBXSWQMOND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethoxyoxolane Chemical compound COC1CCC(OC)O1 GFISDBXSWQMOND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXKNVCBMVDNRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 TXKNVCBMVDNRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZNOQWZRUXSMSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylsulfonyl-n-[1-[(2-ethenylsulfonylacetyl)amino]ethyl]acetamide Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)CC(=O)NC(C)NC(=O)CS(=O)(=O)C=C TZNOQWZRUXSMSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one Chemical class O=C1CNC(=S)N1 UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiobarbituric acid Chemical class O=C1CC(=O)NC(=S)N1 RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxine Chemical compound C1OOCC=C1 JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAPGIBGZGRMCFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(2,5-dioxopyrrol-3-yl)methyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(CC=2C(NC(=O)C=2)=O)=C1 SAPGIBGZGRMCFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWIRCRREDNEXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitro-1h-indazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C([N+](=O)[O-])=NNC2=C1 OWIRCRREDNEXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1,3-thiazole-2-thione Chemical class SC1=NC=CS1 OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYYSPVRERVXMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-difluorocyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound FC1(F)CCC(=O)CC1 NYYSPVRERVXMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDBGDMZILOWAHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C1NC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 JDBGDMZILOWAHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFJVLQBHHRHLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1,4-dioxane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC1COC(O)C(O)O1 LFJVLQBHHRHLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIQKIFWTIQDQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-1,3-oxazole-2-thione Chemical compound S=C1OCC=N1 GIQKIFWTIQDQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical class C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical class OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylglyoxal Chemical compound CC(=O)C=O AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010067482 No adverse event Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PCSMJKASWLYICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic aldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCC=O PCSMJKASWLYICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USDJGQLNFPZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[4,6-bis(hydroxymethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]methanol Chemical compound OCNC1=NC(NCO)=NC(NCO)=N1 USDJGQLNFPZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052946 acanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940023476 agar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005599 alkyl carboxylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZUIVNYGZFPOXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1717603 Chemical compound N1=C(C)C=C(O)N2N=CN=C21 ZUIVNYGZFPOXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AKCUHGBLDXXTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-oxo-phenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical class SS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AKCUHGBLDXXTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002349 hydroxyamino group Chemical group [H]ON([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002545 isoxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonic acid Substances CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- CRYPNDONDSLFPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-propylazanium Chemical compound C1OC1C[N+](C)(CCC)CC1CO1 CRYPNDONDSLFPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PKDBSOOYVOEUQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N mucobromic acid Natural products OC1OC(=O)C(Br)=C1Br PKDBSOOYVOEUQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N mucochloric acid Natural products OC1OC(=O)C(Cl)=C1Cl ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002916 oxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002918 oxazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxymethurea Chemical compound OCNC(=O)NCO QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005308 oxymethurea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- WHMDPDGBKYUEMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2-thiol Chemical class SC1=CC=CC=N1 WHMDPDGBKYUEMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003236 pyrrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodanine Chemical class O=C1CSC(=S)N1 KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940056910 silver sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SYWDUFAVIVYDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-olate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 SYWDUFAVIVYDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004964 sulfoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole-4-thiol Chemical class SC1=CSN=N1 JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003549 thiazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005323 thioketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUCJMVBFZDHPDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tretamine Chemical compound C1CN1C1=NC(N2CC2)=NC(N2CC2)=N1 IUCJMVBFZDHPDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Description
ïŒç£æ¥äžã®å©çšåéïŒ
æ¬çºæã¯ããã²ã³åéåçæå
ææã«é¢ããã
ã®ã§ãããç¹ã«é«ãæåºŠãæãããããåŠçæã«
ã«ããªãçºçããããšãªãããã€ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æ
ãæ¹è¯ããã¬ã€çšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã«
é¢ãããã®ã§ããã ïŒåŸæ¥æè¡ïŒ ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã®æå 床ãé«ããããã®
ååŠå¢ææ³ã¯çš®ã ç¥ãããŠããããã®ä»£è¡šçæ¹æ³
ã®ïŒã€ãšããŠãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€äžã«åŸ®éã®ç¡«é»
åã¯ç¡«é»ååç©ãæ·»å ããç¡«åéãçæããããŠ
æå 床ãå¢å ããæ¹æ³ã¯ç¡«é»å¢ææ³ãšããŠç¥ãã
ãŠããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2410689å·ãå第3501313
å·ã西ãã€ãç¹èš±ç¬¬1422869å·ãåã³ç¹å ¬æ49â
20533å·æçŽ°æžçã«èšèŒãããŠããã åãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€äžã«é©åœãªéå å€ã
ããã¯éååç©ãæ·»å ããããšã«ããæå 床ãå¢
å ããæ¹æ³ã¯ãããããéå 墿æ³ãé墿æ³ãš
ããŠç¥ãããŠãããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2399083å·ã
å3297446å·æçŽ°æžçã«èšèŒãããŠããã ããã«ããããã®å¢ææ³ãçµåããããšã«ã
ããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã®æå 床ãããã«å¢å
ããåŸãããšãå ¬ç¥ã§ããããããã®å¢ææ³ã«ã€
ããŠã¯T.H.Jamesèã¶ã»ã»ãªãªãŒã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»
ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ããã»ã¹ç¬¬ïŒç第149ã160
ããŒãžïŒMacmillan Co.1977幎ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠ
ããã ããããªãããããã®åŸæ¥ã®å¢ææ³ã«ãããŠã¯
é«ãæå 床ãåŸãããã«å¢æå€ã®äœ¿çšéãå¢ãã
ãšã«ããªæ žãåæã«åœ¢æãããŠã«ããªã®çºçãåŒ
ãèµ·ãæããªãããŸããã®ä¹³å€ãå¡åžããŠäœã€ã
æå ææã¯è²¯èµå®å®æ§ãæªããšããæ¬ ç¹ããã€
ãã ãããã®æ¬ ç¹ã¯ãäžèšäžè¬åŒã«ç€ºãããååç©
ããå°ããšãäžå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãæãã
ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®è©²ä¹³å€å±€åã¯ä»ã®æ§
æå±€ã«å«æããããããšã«ããæ¹è¯ã§ããããšã
ç¹é¡æ57â72916å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããã äžè¬åŒ(1) ã¯ççŽ ååãçªçŽ ååãé žçŽ ååãã€ãªãŠå
åãããªãïŒåã¯ïŒå¡ã®è€çŽ ç°ã圢æããã®ã«å¿
èŠãªåå矀ã衚ããã ãŸãããã®è€çŽ ç°ã¯çž®åããŠããŠãããããŸã
åŒäžïŒã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãâNH4åºãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±åå
ã衚ããã äžèšäžè¬åŒã«ç€ºãããååç©ã嫿ããããã²
ã³åéåçæå ææã¯ãã«ããªã®å¢å ã䌎ãããš
ãªããé«ãæåºŠãä¿ã€ããšãã§ããããé·æéã®
貯èµã«ãã€ãŠãå®å®ã«ãªã€ãããšãããããã®ã
ãã²ã³åéåçæå ææã¯åŠçæ¶²ã«åž°å ãããšæ
ãããé²å éã«é¢ä¿ãªãæ¿åºŠã®äžæãçãããã
ããšã倿ãããäŸãã°ãå®çæ¶²ã«è§Šããåšå ·ç
ããåçæå ææã«è§Šãããå®çæ¶²ã®èžæ°ã«åç
æå ææãé·æéæãããããããšãçŸåããæ
ã«ãã®éšåã«æ¿åºŠäžæãçãããšããçŸåã芳å¯
ãããããŸããã®æ¿åºŠäžæãšããçŸåã¯ã髿ž©è¿
éåŠçããã»ã©çããããããšã倿ããã ãã®æ¬ ç¹ã¯ãäžè¬åŒ(2)ã«ç€ºãããååç©ããå°
ããšãäžå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãæããããã²
ã³åéåçæå ææã®è©²ä¹³å€å±€åã¯ä»ã®æ§æå±€ã«
嫿ããããããšã«ããæ¹è¯ã§ããããšããç¹é
æ57â164735å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããã äžè¬åŒ(2) åŒäžR1ïŒR2ã¯åãã§ãäºãã«ç°ãªã€ãŠãããã
åã ããããã·åºãããããã·ã«ã¢ããåºãã¢ã
ãåºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
ïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ã¢ãåã¯ãžçœ®æã¢ããåºïŒãã¢
ã©ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã11ã®ã
ã®ïŒãã¢ãªãŒã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
10ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã眮æããã¢ããåºïŒãã¢ã«ã³ã
ã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ãã®ïŒãããšã
ãã·åºãã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®
ãã®ïŒãã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã10ã®
ãã®ïŒãã¢ã«ãã«ããªåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
ïŒã®ãã®ïŒåã¯ããšãã«ããªåºã衚ãããäžèšã®
ååºã«ãããã¢ã«ãã«éšåã¯ããããã·åºãã¢ã«
ã³ãã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒ
ã®ãã®ïŒãã¢ããåºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸã
ãã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ã¢
ãåã¯ãžçœ®æã¢ããåºïŒãªã©ã®çœ®æåºãæããŠã
ãŠãããããŸãäžèšR1ïŒR2ã衚ããååºã«ãã
ãŠã¢ãªãŒã«åã¯ããšãã«éšåã¯ããããã·åºãã¢
ããåºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒ
ãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ã¢ãåã¯ãžçœ®æ
ã¢ããåºïŒãã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
ïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ãã®ïŒãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒå¥œãŸã
ãã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ãã®ïŒãªã©ã®çœ®
æåºãæããŠããŠãããã äžè¬åŒ(2)ã§è¡šããããååç©ã®äžã§ãR1åã¯
R2ã®ããããäžæ¹ãããããã·ã¢ããåºã衚ã
ãã仿¹ãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºã衚ãããã®åã³
R1ãšR2ããšãã«ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºåã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã
ãåºã衚ãããã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã äžèšã®æ¹æ³ã§ãã€ãŸãäžè¬åŒ(1)åã³äžè¬åŒ(2)ã§
瀺ãããååç©ã®äžããéžã°ããå°ããšãäžã€ã®
ååç©ã嫿ããããšã«ãããã«ããªåã³å®çæ¶²
ã®èžæ°ã«åž°å ããæ¿åºŠäžæãé²ãããšãå¯èœãšãª
ã€ããããããåçæå ææã¯åçç¹æ§ãšåæ§
ã«ãéé»é»è·ã«ããæ éãé²ããã°ãªããªãã åçæå ææã¯äžè¬ã«é»æ°çµ¶çžæ§ãæããæ¯æ
äœããã³åçå±€ããæã€ãŠããã®ã§åçæå ææ
ã®è£œé å·¥çšäžãªãã³ã«äœ¿çšæã«åçš®ãŸãã¯ç°çš®ç©
ã®è¡šé¢ãšã®éã®æ¥è§Šæ©æŠãŸãã¯å¥é¢ããããããš
ã«ãã€ãŠéé»é»è·ãèç©ãããããšãå€ãããã®
èç©ãããéé»é»è·ã¯å€ãã®é害ãåŒèµ·ãããæ
ãé倧ãªé害ã¯çŸååŠçåã«èç©ãããéé»é»è·
ãæŸé»ããããšã«ãã€ãŠæå æ§ä¹³å€å±€ãæå ãå
çãã€ã«ã ãçŸååŠçããéã«ç¹ç¶ã¹ãããåã¯
æš¹æç¶ã矜æ¯ç¶ã®ç·æãçããããšã§ããããã
ãããããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãšåŒã°ããŠãããã®
ã§åçãã€ã«ã ã®åå䟡å€ãèããæãå Žåã«ã
ã€ãŠã¯å šã倱ãªãããããäŸãã°å»ççšåã¯å·¥æ¥
çšïŒžâã¬ã€ãã€ã«ã çã«çŸãããå Žåã«ã¯éåžžã«
å±éºãªå€æã«ã€ãªããããšã¯å®¹æã«èªèãããã§
ãããããã®çŸåã¯çŸåããŠã¿ãŠåããŠæããã«
ãªããã®ã§éåžžã«åä»ãªåé¡ã®äžã€ã§ããããŸã
ãããã®èç©ãããéé»é»è·ã¯ãã€ã«ã 衚é¢ãžå¡µ
åãä»çããããå¡åžãåäžã«è¡ãªããªããªã©ã®
ç¬¬ïŒæ¬¡çãªæ éãèªèµ·ããããåå ã«ããªãã ãããéé»é»è·ã¯åè¿°ããããã«åçæå ææ
ã®è£œé ããã³äœ¿çšæã«ãã°ãã°èç©ãããã®ã§ã
ããäŸãã°è£œé å·¥çšã«æŒãŠã¯åçãã€ã«ã ãšããŒ
ã©ãŒãšã®æ¥è§Šæ©æŠãããã¯åçãã€ã«ã ã®å·»å
ããå·»æ»ãå·¥çšäžã§ã®æ¯æäœé¢ãšä¹³å€é¢ã®å¥é¢ç
ã«ãã€ãŠçºçããããŸãã¯ïŒžâã¬ã€ãã€ã«ã ã®èª
åæ®åœ±æ©äžã§ã®æ©æ¢°éšåãããã¯è¢å 墿çŽãšã®
éã®æ¥è§Šå¥é¢çãåå ãšãªã€ãŠçºçããããã®ä»
å è£ ææãšã®æ¥è§Šãªã©ã§ãçºçããããããéé»
é»è·ã®èç©ã«ãã€ãŠèªèµ·ãããåçæå ææã®ã¹
ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã¯åçæå ææã®æåºŠã®äžæãã
ã³åŠçé床ã®å¢å ã«ãã€ãŠé¡èãšãªããç¹ã«æè¿
ã«ãããŠã¯ãåçæå ææã®é«æåºŠåããã³é«é
å¡åžãé«éæ®åœ±ãé«éèªååŠçåçã®èé ·ãªåã
æ±ããåããæ©äŒãå€ããªã€ãããšã«ãã€ãŠäžå±€
ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®çºçãåºæããªã€ãŠããã ãããã®é黿°ã«ããé害ããªããããã«ã¯å
çæå ææã«åž¯é»é²æ¢å€ãæ·»å ããããšã奜ãŸã
ããããããªãããåçæå ææã«å©çšã§ãã垯
é»é²æ¢å€ã¯ãä»ã®åéã§äžè¬ã«çšããããŠãã垯
é»é²æ¢å€ããã®ãŸãŸäœ¿çšã§ããèš³ã§ã¯ãªããåç
æå ææã«ç¹æã®çš®ã ã®å¶çŽãåãããå³ã¡åç
æå ææã«å©çšãåŸã垯é»é²æ¢å€ã«ã¯åž¯é»é²æ¢æ§
èœãåªããŠããããšã®ä»ã«ãäŸãã°åçæå ææ
ã®æåºŠãã«ããªãç²ç¶æ§ãã·ã€ãŒããã¹çã®åç
ç¹æ§ã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããªãããšãåçæå ææã®
èåŒ·åºŠã«æªåœ±é¿ãäžããªãããšïŒããªãã¡æ©æŠã
åŒæ»ãã«å¯ŸããŠå·ãä»ãæããªããªãããšïŒãè
æ¥çæ§ã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããªãããšïŒããªãã¡åç
æå ææã®è¡šé¢åå¿æãã¯ä»ã®ç©è³ªã®è¡šé¢ãšãã€
ã€ãæããªã€ããããªãããšïŒãåçæå ææã®
åŠçæ¶²ã®ç²åŽãæ©ããªãããšãåçæå ææã®å
æ§æå±€éã®æ¥ç匷床ãäœäžãããªãããšçã ã®æ§
èœãèŠæ±ãããåçæå ææãžåž¯é»é²æ¢å€ãé©çš
ããããšã¯éåžžã«å€ãã®å¶çŽãåããã é黿°ã«ããé害ããªããããã®äžã€ã®æ¹æ³ã¯
æå ææè¡šé¢ã®é»æ°äŒå°æ§ãäžããŠèç©é»è·ãæŸ
é»ããåã«éé»é»è·ãçæéã«éžæ£ãããããã
ã«ããããšã§ããã ãããã€ãŠãåŸæ¥ããåçæå ææã®æ¯æäœã
åçš®å¡åžè¡šé¢å±€ã®å°é»æ§ãåäžãããæ¹æ³ãèã
ããçš®ã ã®åžæ¹¿æ§ç©è³ªã氎溶æ§ç¡æ©å¡©ãããçš®ã®
ç颿޻æ§å€ãããªããŒçã®å©çšã詊ã¿ãããŠã
ããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2882157å·ãå2972535å·ã
å3062785å·ãå3262807å·ãå3514291å·ãå
361553å·ãå3753716å·ãå3938999å·çã«èšèŒã
ããŠãããããªããªããŒãäŸãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2982651å·ãå3428456å·ãå3457076å·ãå
3454625å·ãå3552972å·ãå3655387å·çã«èšèŒ
ãããŠãããããªç颿޻æ§å€ãäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3062700å·ãå3245833å·ãå3525621å·çã«èšèŒ
ãããŠãããããªéå±é žåç©ãã³ãã€ãã·ãªã«ç
ãç¥ãããŠããã ããããªãããããã®ç©è³ªã¯ããã€ã«ã æ¯æäœ
ã®çš®é¡ãåççµæç©ã®éãã«ãã€ãŠç¹ç°æ§ã瀺
ããããç¹å®ã®ãã€ã«ã æ¯æäœããã³åçä¹³å€ã
ãã®ä»ã®åçæ§æèŠçŽ ã«ã¯è¯ãçµæãäžãããä»
ã®ç°ãªã€ããã€ã«ã æ¯æäœããã³åçæ§æèŠçŽ ã§
ã¯åž¯é»é²æ¢ã«å šã圹ã«ç«ããªãã€ãããæãã¯ã
垯é»é²æ¢ç¹æ§ã¯åªããŠããŠããåçä¹³å€ã®æåºŠã
ã«ããªãç²ç¶æ§ãã·ã€ãŒããã¹çã®åçç¹æ§ã«æª
圱é¿ãåãŒããããæãã¯è£œé çŽåŸã¯è¯å¥œãªåž¯é»
鲿¢ç¹æ§ãæããŠããŠãçµæãšå ±ã«åž¯é»é²æ¢ç¹æ§
ãå£åããŠããŸã€ããããŠããããã®ç©è³ªãåç
æå ææã«é©çšããããšã¯æ¥µããŠå°é£ã§ãã€ãã è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬861134å·ããã€ãç¹èš±ç¬¬1422809å·
ã«ç€ºãããïŒååäžã«ïŒåã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³
éãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ã¯ãåªãã垯é»é²
æ¢ç¹æ§ãæããããšãç¥ãããŠããã ãããäžè¬åŒ(1)åã³(2)ã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®å°ã
ãšãäžã€ãšãäžèšã®ãïŒååäžã«ïŒåã®ããªãªã
ã·ãšãã«éãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ã䜵çšã
ããšãç¹ã«ïŒžã¬ã€ææã«é©çšããå Žåã«ã¯ãæ®æ
æã«äœ¿çšãã墿çŽïŒã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ïŒãšææãšã®æ¥
è§Šã«ãã€ãŠçŸååŠçåŸã®ææã«æç¹ç¶ãªããã¯ã
ç¶²ç®ç¶ã®æ¿åºŠã ã©ïŒãããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æãšåŒã
ã§ããïŒãäžãã補åã®äŸ¡å€ãèããæãªããã
æã«ã¯å šã倱ãªãããŠããŸããããã«ã¯æåºŠãäž
ããŠããŸãã ïŒçºæã®ç®çïŒ æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒã®ç®çã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æãèµ·ã
ããªã垯é»é²æ¢ããããã¬ã€çšåçæå ææã
æäŸããããšã«ããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒã®ç®çã¯ãæåºŠãã«ããªãæ¿åºŠäž
æçã®åçç¹æ§ã«æªåœ±é¿ãäžããªã垯é»é²æ¢ãã
ããã¬ã€çšåçæå ææãæäŸããããšã«ã
ãã ïŒçºæã®æ§æïŒ æã ã¯éæç ç©¶ããçµæã å°ããšãäžå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€å±€ã«ãäž
è¬åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®äžãã
éžã°ããå°ããšãäžã€ã®ååç©ã嫿ãããã€ã
äžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®äžã
ãéžã°ããå°ããšãäžã€ã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³é
ãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ãã該乳å€å±€åã¯èŠª
æ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«å«ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããããã²ã³
åéåçæå ææã«ãã€ãŠãåŸæ¥ã®ååç©ã§é¿ã
ãããªãã€ãæªåœ±é¿ãã»ãšãã©ãªãããã²ã³åé
åçæå ææãåŸãããããšãèŠåºããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ ã¯ççŽ ååãçªçŽ ååãé žçŽ ååãã€ãªãŠå
åãããªãäžèšã®ïŒåã¯ïŒå¡ã®è€çŽ ç°ã圢æãã
ã®ã«å¿ èŠãªåå矀ã衚ããã å³ã¡ïŒºã圢æããè€çŽ ç°ã¯ãããã©ãŸãŒã«ãã
ãªã¢ãŸãŒã«ãã€ãããŸãŒã«ããã¢ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«ããª
ããµãŸãŒã«ããã³ãºãã¢ãŸãŒã«ããã³ãºã€ãããŸ
ãŒã«ããã³ãºãªããµãŸãŒã«ãããªã³ãã¢ã¶ã€ã³ã
ã³ãããªã»ããã©ã»ãã³ã¿ããªãžã³ãããªããžã³
ãããããŸããããã®è€çŽ ç°ã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ã«
ã³ãã·åºãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºãããããã·
ã«åºãã¢ããåºããããåºãããã²ã³ååãã«ã«
ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ã«ãã«ããªåºãã¡ã«ã«ããåºãªã©
ã§çœ®æãããŠããŠãããããããã®äžã§å¥œãŸãã
ã®ã¯ïŒºãããã©ãŸãŒã«ãããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ããã¢ãžã¢
ãŸãŒã«ããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«ããã³ãºãã¢ãŸãŒã«
ã§è¡šããããååç©ã§ãããæã奜ãŸããã®ã¯ã
ã¢ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«ååç©ã§ããããŸãåŒäžïŒã¯æ°ŽçŽ å
åãâNH4åºãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ååã衚ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã®å¥œãŸããå ·
äœäŸã¯ä»¥äžã®åŠãã
ã®ã§ãããç¹ã«é«ãæåºŠãæãããããåŠçæã«
ã«ããªãçºçããããšãªãããã€ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æ
ãæ¹è¯ããã¬ã€çšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã«
é¢ãããã®ã§ããã ïŒåŸæ¥æè¡ïŒ ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã®æå 床ãé«ããããã®
ååŠå¢ææ³ã¯çš®ã ç¥ãããŠããããã®ä»£è¡šçæ¹æ³
ã®ïŒã€ãšããŠãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€äžã«åŸ®éã®ç¡«é»
åã¯ç¡«é»ååç©ãæ·»å ããç¡«åéãçæããããŠ
æå 床ãå¢å ããæ¹æ³ã¯ç¡«é»å¢ææ³ãšããŠç¥ãã
ãŠããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2410689å·ãå第3501313
å·ã西ãã€ãç¹èš±ç¬¬1422869å·ãåã³ç¹å ¬æ49â
20533å·æçŽ°æžçã«èšèŒãããŠããã åãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€äžã«é©åœãªéå å€ã
ããã¯éååç©ãæ·»å ããããšã«ããæå 床ãå¢
å ããæ¹æ³ã¯ãããããéå 墿æ³ãé墿æ³ãš
ããŠç¥ãããŠãããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2399083å·ã
å3297446å·æçŽ°æžçã«èšèŒãããŠããã ããã«ããããã®å¢ææ³ãçµåããããšã«ã
ããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã®æå 床ãããã«å¢å
ããåŸãããšãå ¬ç¥ã§ããããããã®å¢ææ³ã«ã€
ããŠã¯T.H.Jamesèã¶ã»ã»ãªãªãŒã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»
ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ããã»ã¹ç¬¬ïŒç第149ã160
ããŒãžïŒMacmillan Co.1977幎ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠ
ããã ããããªãããããã®åŸæ¥ã®å¢ææ³ã«ãããŠã¯
é«ãæå 床ãåŸãããã«å¢æå€ã®äœ¿çšéãå¢ãã
ãšã«ããªæ žãåæã«åœ¢æãããŠã«ããªã®çºçãåŒ
ãèµ·ãæããªãããŸããã®ä¹³å€ãå¡åžããŠäœã€ã
æå ææã¯è²¯èµå®å®æ§ãæªããšããæ¬ ç¹ããã€
ãã ãããã®æ¬ ç¹ã¯ãäžèšäžè¬åŒã«ç€ºãããååç©
ããå°ããšãäžå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãæãã
ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®è©²ä¹³å€å±€åã¯ä»ã®æ§
æå±€ã«å«æããããããšã«ããæ¹è¯ã§ããããšã
ç¹é¡æ57â72916å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããã äžè¬åŒ(1) ã¯ççŽ ååãçªçŽ ååãé žçŽ ååãã€ãªãŠå
åãããªãïŒåã¯ïŒå¡ã®è€çŽ ç°ã圢æããã®ã«å¿
èŠãªåå矀ã衚ããã ãŸãããã®è€çŽ ç°ã¯çž®åããŠããŠãããããŸã
åŒäžïŒã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãâNH4åºãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±åå
ã衚ããã äžèšäžè¬åŒã«ç€ºãããååç©ã嫿ããããã²
ã³åéåçæå ææã¯ãã«ããªã®å¢å ã䌎ãããš
ãªããé«ãæåºŠãä¿ã€ããšãã§ããããé·æéã®
貯èµã«ãã€ãŠãå®å®ã«ãªã€ãããšãããããã®ã
ãã²ã³åéåçæå ææã¯åŠçæ¶²ã«åž°å ãããšæ
ãããé²å éã«é¢ä¿ãªãæ¿åºŠã®äžæãçãããã
ããšã倿ãããäŸãã°ãå®çæ¶²ã«è§Šããåšå ·ç
ããåçæå ææã«è§Šãããå®çæ¶²ã®èžæ°ã«åç
æå ææãé·æéæãããããããšãçŸåããæ
ã«ãã®éšåã«æ¿åºŠäžæãçãããšããçŸåã芳å¯
ãããããŸããã®æ¿åºŠäžæãšããçŸåã¯ã髿ž©è¿
éåŠçããã»ã©çããããããšã倿ããã ãã®æ¬ ç¹ã¯ãäžè¬åŒ(2)ã«ç€ºãããååç©ããå°
ããšãäžå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãæããããã²
ã³åéåçæå ææã®è©²ä¹³å€å±€åã¯ä»ã®æ§æå±€ã«
嫿ããããããšã«ããæ¹è¯ã§ããããšããç¹é
æ57â164735å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããã äžè¬åŒ(2) åŒäžR1ïŒR2ã¯åãã§ãäºãã«ç°ãªã€ãŠãããã
åã ããããã·åºãããããã·ã«ã¢ããåºãã¢ã
ãåºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
ïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ã¢ãåã¯ãžçœ®æã¢ããåºïŒãã¢
ã©ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã11ã®ã
ã®ïŒãã¢ãªãŒã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
10ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã眮æããã¢ããåºïŒãã¢ã«ã³ã
ã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ãã®ïŒãããšã
ãã·åºãã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®
ãã®ïŒãã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã10ã®
ãã®ïŒãã¢ã«ãã«ããªåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
ïŒã®ãã®ïŒåã¯ããšãã«ããªåºã衚ãããäžèšã®
ååºã«ãããã¢ã«ãã«éšåã¯ããããã·åºãã¢ã«
ã³ãã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒ
ã®ãã®ïŒãã¢ããåºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸã
ãã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ã¢
ãåã¯ãžçœ®æã¢ããåºïŒãªã©ã®çœ®æåºãæããŠã
ãŠãããããŸãäžèšR1ïŒR2ã衚ããååºã«ãã
ãŠã¢ãªãŒã«åã¯ããšãã«éšåã¯ããããã·åºãã¢
ããåºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒ
ãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ã¢ãåã¯ãžçœ®æ
ã¢ããåºïŒãã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
ïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ãã®ïŒãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒå¥œãŸã
ãã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ãã®ïŒãªã©ã®çœ®
æåºãæããŠããŠãããã äžè¬åŒ(2)ã§è¡šããããååç©ã®äžã§ãR1åã¯
R2ã®ããããäžæ¹ãããããã·ã¢ããåºã衚ã
ãã仿¹ãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºã衚ãããã®åã³
R1ãšR2ããšãã«ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºåã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã
ãåºã衚ãããã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã äžèšã®æ¹æ³ã§ãã€ãŸãäžè¬åŒ(1)åã³äžè¬åŒ(2)ã§
瀺ãããååç©ã®äžããéžã°ããå°ããšãäžã€ã®
ååç©ã嫿ããããšã«ãããã«ããªåã³å®çæ¶²
ã®èžæ°ã«åž°å ããæ¿åºŠäžæãé²ãããšãå¯èœãšãª
ã€ããããããåçæå ææã¯åçç¹æ§ãšåæ§
ã«ãéé»é»è·ã«ããæ éãé²ããã°ãªããªãã åçæå ææã¯äžè¬ã«é»æ°çµ¶çžæ§ãæããæ¯æ
äœããã³åçå±€ããæã€ãŠããã®ã§åçæå ææ
ã®è£œé å·¥çšäžãªãã³ã«äœ¿çšæã«åçš®ãŸãã¯ç°çš®ç©
ã®è¡šé¢ãšã®éã®æ¥è§Šæ©æŠãŸãã¯å¥é¢ããããããš
ã«ãã€ãŠéé»é»è·ãèç©ãããããšãå€ãããã®
èç©ãããéé»é»è·ã¯å€ãã®é害ãåŒèµ·ãããæ
ãé倧ãªé害ã¯çŸååŠçåã«èç©ãããéé»é»è·
ãæŸé»ããããšã«ãã€ãŠæå æ§ä¹³å€å±€ãæå ãå
çãã€ã«ã ãçŸååŠçããéã«ç¹ç¶ã¹ãããåã¯
æš¹æç¶ã矜æ¯ç¶ã®ç·æãçããããšã§ããããã
ãããããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãšåŒã°ããŠãããã®
ã§åçãã€ã«ã ã®åå䟡å€ãèããæãå Žåã«ã
ã€ãŠã¯å šã倱ãªãããããäŸãã°å»ççšåã¯å·¥æ¥
çšïŒžâã¬ã€ãã€ã«ã çã«çŸãããå Žåã«ã¯éåžžã«
å±éºãªå€æã«ã€ãªããããšã¯å®¹æã«èªèãããã§
ãããããã®çŸåã¯çŸåããŠã¿ãŠåããŠæããã«
ãªããã®ã§éåžžã«åä»ãªåé¡ã®äžã€ã§ããããŸã
ãããã®èç©ãããéé»é»è·ã¯ãã€ã«ã 衚é¢ãžå¡µ
åãä»çããããå¡åžãåäžã«è¡ãªããªããªã©ã®
ç¬¬ïŒæ¬¡çãªæ éãèªèµ·ããããåå ã«ããªãã ãããéé»é»è·ã¯åè¿°ããããã«åçæå ææ
ã®è£œé ããã³äœ¿çšæã«ãã°ãã°èç©ãããã®ã§ã
ããäŸãã°è£œé å·¥çšã«æŒãŠã¯åçãã€ã«ã ãšããŒ
ã©ãŒãšã®æ¥è§Šæ©æŠãããã¯åçãã€ã«ã ã®å·»å
ããå·»æ»ãå·¥çšäžã§ã®æ¯æäœé¢ãšä¹³å€é¢ã®å¥é¢ç
ã«ãã€ãŠçºçããããŸãã¯ïŒžâã¬ã€ãã€ã«ã ã®èª
åæ®åœ±æ©äžã§ã®æ©æ¢°éšåãããã¯è¢å 墿çŽãšã®
éã®æ¥è§Šå¥é¢çãåå ãšãªã€ãŠçºçããããã®ä»
å è£ ææãšã®æ¥è§Šãªã©ã§ãçºçããããããéé»
é»è·ã®èç©ã«ãã€ãŠèªèµ·ãããåçæå ææã®ã¹
ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã¯åçæå ææã®æåºŠã®äžæãã
ã³åŠçé床ã®å¢å ã«ãã€ãŠé¡èãšãªããç¹ã«æè¿
ã«ãããŠã¯ãåçæå ææã®é«æåºŠåããã³é«é
å¡åžãé«éæ®åœ±ãé«éèªååŠçåçã®èé ·ãªåã
æ±ããåããæ©äŒãå€ããªã€ãããšã«ãã€ãŠäžå±€
ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®çºçãåºæããªã€ãŠããã ãããã®é黿°ã«ããé害ããªããããã«ã¯å
çæå ææã«åž¯é»é²æ¢å€ãæ·»å ããããšã奜ãŸã
ããããããªãããåçæå ææã«å©çšã§ãã垯
é»é²æ¢å€ã¯ãä»ã®åéã§äžè¬ã«çšããããŠãã垯
é»é²æ¢å€ããã®ãŸãŸäœ¿çšã§ããèš³ã§ã¯ãªããåç
æå ææã«ç¹æã®çš®ã ã®å¶çŽãåãããå³ã¡åç
æå ææã«å©çšãåŸã垯é»é²æ¢å€ã«ã¯åž¯é»é²æ¢æ§
èœãåªããŠããããšã®ä»ã«ãäŸãã°åçæå ææ
ã®æåºŠãã«ããªãç²ç¶æ§ãã·ã€ãŒããã¹çã®åç
ç¹æ§ã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããªãããšãåçæå ææã®
èåŒ·åºŠã«æªåœ±é¿ãäžããªãããšïŒããªãã¡æ©æŠã
åŒæ»ãã«å¯ŸããŠå·ãä»ãæããªããªãããšïŒãè
æ¥çæ§ã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããªãããšïŒããªãã¡åç
æå ææã®è¡šé¢åå¿æãã¯ä»ã®ç©è³ªã®è¡šé¢ãšãã€
ã€ãæããªã€ããããªãããšïŒãåçæå ææã®
åŠçæ¶²ã®ç²åŽãæ©ããªãããšãåçæå ææã®å
æ§æå±€éã®æ¥ç匷床ãäœäžãããªãããšçã ã®æ§
èœãèŠæ±ãããåçæå ææãžåž¯é»é²æ¢å€ãé©çš
ããããšã¯éåžžã«å€ãã®å¶çŽãåããã é黿°ã«ããé害ããªããããã®äžã€ã®æ¹æ³ã¯
æå ææè¡šé¢ã®é»æ°äŒå°æ§ãäžããŠèç©é»è·ãæŸ
é»ããåã«éé»é»è·ãçæéã«éžæ£ãããããã
ã«ããããšã§ããã ãããã€ãŠãåŸæ¥ããåçæå ææã®æ¯æäœã
åçš®å¡åžè¡šé¢å±€ã®å°é»æ§ãåäžãããæ¹æ³ãèã
ããçš®ã ã®åžæ¹¿æ§ç©è³ªã氎溶æ§ç¡æ©å¡©ãããçš®ã®
ç颿޻æ§å€ãããªããŒçã®å©çšã詊ã¿ãããŠã
ããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2882157å·ãå2972535å·ã
å3062785å·ãå3262807å·ãå3514291å·ãå
361553å·ãå3753716å·ãå3938999å·çã«èšèŒã
ããŠãããããªããªããŒãäŸãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2982651å·ãå3428456å·ãå3457076å·ãå
3454625å·ãå3552972å·ãå3655387å·çã«èšèŒ
ãããŠãããããªç颿޻æ§å€ãäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3062700å·ãå3245833å·ãå3525621å·çã«èšèŒ
ãããŠãããããªéå±é žåç©ãã³ãã€ãã·ãªã«ç
ãç¥ãããŠããã ããããªãããããã®ç©è³ªã¯ããã€ã«ã æ¯æäœ
ã®çš®é¡ãåççµæç©ã®éãã«ãã€ãŠç¹ç°æ§ã瀺
ããããç¹å®ã®ãã€ã«ã æ¯æäœããã³åçä¹³å€ã
ãã®ä»ã®åçæ§æèŠçŽ ã«ã¯è¯ãçµæãäžãããä»
ã®ç°ãªã€ããã€ã«ã æ¯æäœããã³åçæ§æèŠçŽ ã§
ã¯åž¯é»é²æ¢ã«å šã圹ã«ç«ããªãã€ãããæãã¯ã
垯é»é²æ¢ç¹æ§ã¯åªããŠããŠããåçä¹³å€ã®æåºŠã
ã«ããªãç²ç¶æ§ãã·ã€ãŒããã¹çã®åçç¹æ§ã«æª
圱é¿ãåãŒããããæãã¯è£œé çŽåŸã¯è¯å¥œãªåž¯é»
鲿¢ç¹æ§ãæããŠããŠãçµæãšå ±ã«åž¯é»é²æ¢ç¹æ§
ãå£åããŠããŸã€ããããŠããããã®ç©è³ªãåç
æå ææã«é©çšããããšã¯æ¥µããŠå°é£ã§ãã€ãã è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬861134å·ããã€ãç¹èš±ç¬¬1422809å·
ã«ç€ºãããïŒååäžã«ïŒåã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³
éãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ã¯ãåªãã垯é»é²
æ¢ç¹æ§ãæããããšãç¥ãããŠããã ãããäžè¬åŒ(1)åã³(2)ã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®å°ã
ãšãäžã€ãšãäžèšã®ãïŒååäžã«ïŒåã®ããªãªã
ã·ãšãã«éãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ã䜵çšã
ããšãç¹ã«ïŒžã¬ã€ææã«é©çšããå Žåã«ã¯ãæ®æ
æã«äœ¿çšãã墿çŽïŒã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ïŒãšææãšã®æ¥
è§Šã«ãã€ãŠçŸååŠçåŸã®ææã«æç¹ç¶ãªããã¯ã
ç¶²ç®ç¶ã®æ¿åºŠã ã©ïŒãããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æãšåŒã
ã§ããïŒãäžãã補åã®äŸ¡å€ãèããæãªããã
æã«ã¯å šã倱ãªãããŠããŸããããã«ã¯æåºŠãäž
ããŠããŸãã ïŒçºæã®ç®çïŒ æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒã®ç®çã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æãèµ·ã
ããªã垯é»é²æ¢ããããã¬ã€çšåçæå ææã
æäŸããããšã«ããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒã®ç®çã¯ãæåºŠãã«ããªãæ¿åºŠäž
æçã®åçç¹æ§ã«æªåœ±é¿ãäžããªã垯é»é²æ¢ãã
ããã¬ã€çšåçæå ææãæäŸããããšã«ã
ãã ïŒçºæã®æ§æïŒ æã ã¯éæç ç©¶ããçµæã å°ããšãäžå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€å±€ã«ãäž
è¬åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®äžãã
éžã°ããå°ããšãäžã€ã®ååç©ã嫿ãããã€ã
äžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®äžã
ãéžã°ããå°ããšãäžã€ã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³é
ãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ãã該乳å€å±€åã¯èŠª
æ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«å«ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããããã²ã³
åéåçæå ææã«ãã€ãŠãåŸæ¥ã®ååç©ã§é¿ã
ãããªãã€ãæªåœ±é¿ãã»ãšãã©ãªãããã²ã³åé
åçæå ææãåŸãããããšãèŠåºããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ ã¯ççŽ ååãçªçŽ ååãé žçŽ ååãã€ãªãŠå
åãããªãäžèšã®ïŒåã¯ïŒå¡ã®è€çŽ ç°ã圢æãã
ã®ã«å¿ èŠãªåå矀ã衚ããã å³ã¡ïŒºã圢æããè€çŽ ç°ã¯ãããã©ãŸãŒã«ãã
ãªã¢ãŸãŒã«ãã€ãããŸãŒã«ããã¢ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«ããª
ããµãŸãŒã«ããã³ãºãã¢ãŸãŒã«ããã³ãºã€ãããŸ
ãŒã«ããã³ãºãªããµãŸãŒã«ãããªã³ãã¢ã¶ã€ã³ã
ã³ãããªã»ããã©ã»ãã³ã¿ããªãžã³ãããªããžã³
ãããããŸããããã®è€çŽ ç°ã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ã«
ã³ãã·åºãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºãããããã·
ã«åºãã¢ããåºããããåºãããã²ã³ååãã«ã«
ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ã«ãã«ããªåºãã¡ã«ã«ããåºãªã©
ã§çœ®æãããŠããŠãããããããã®äžã§å¥œãŸãã
ã®ã¯ïŒºãããã©ãŸãŒã«ãããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ããã¢ãžã¢
ãŸãŒã«ããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«ããã³ãºãã¢ãŸãŒã«
ã§è¡šããããååç©ã§ãããæã奜ãŸããã®ã¯ã
ã¢ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«ååç©ã§ããããŸãåŒäžïŒã¯æ°ŽçŽ å
åãâNH4åºãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ååã衚ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã®å¥œãŸããå ·
äœäŸã¯ä»¥äžã®åŠãã
ãåŒã
ãåŒã
ãåŒã
åœè©²ååç©ã®æå¹æ·»å éç¯å²ã¯éïŒã¢ã«ããã
ïŒÃ10-5ãªããïŒÃ10-3ã¢ã«ã®ç¯å²ã§ãã€ãã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ åŒäžR1ïŒR2ã¯åãã§ãäºãã«ç°ã€ãŠãããã
åã ããããã·åºãããããã·ã«ã¢ããåºãã¢ã
ãåºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
ïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ã¢ãåã¯ãžçœ®æã¢ããåºïŒãã¢
ã©ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã11ã®ã
ã®ïŒãã¢ãªãŒã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
10ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã眮æããã¢ããåºïŒãã¢ã«ã³ã
ã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ãã®ïŒãããšã
ãã·åºãã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®
ãã®ïŒãã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã10ã®
ãã®ïŒãã¢ã«ãã«ããªåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
ïŒã®ãã®ïŒåã¯ããšãã«åºã衚ãããäžèšã®ååº
ã«ãããã¢ã«ãã«éšåã¯ããããã·åºã¢ã«ã³ãã·
åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ã
ã®ïŒãã¢ããåºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯
ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ã¢ãå
ã¯ãžçœ®æã¢ããåºïŒãªã©ã®çœ®æåºãæããŠããŠã
ããããŸãäžèšR1ïŒR2ã衚ããååºã«ãããŠã¢
ãªãŒã«åã¯ããšãã«éšåã¯ããããã·åºãã¢ãã
åºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
ïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ã¢ãåã¯ãžçœ®æã¢
ããåºïŒãã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã
ç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ãã®ïŒãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯
ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ãã®ïŒãªã©ã®çœ®æåº
ãæããŠããŠããããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šãããã
ååç©ã®äžã§ãR1åã¯R2ã®ããããäžæ¹ããã
ããã·ã«ã¢ããåºã衚ããã仿¹ãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã
ãåºã衚ãããã®åã³R1ãšR2ããšãã«ã¢ã«ã³ã
ã·åºåã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºã衚ããã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸ
ããã 以äžã«æ¬çºæã«ãããŠå¥œãŸãã䜿çšãããäžè¬
åŒïŒïŒã®ååç©ãäŸç€ºããã ãããã®ååç©ã¯ãžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ãžã»ãªã«
ã¬ããã¯ã»ã±ãã¹ããªãŒã27å·»4054é ïŒ1962ïŒã
ãžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ãžã»ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã³ã»ã±ãã«ã«ã»
ãœãµãšãã€ã73å·»2981é ïŒ1951ïŒãç¹å ¬æ49â
10692å·å ¬å ±çã«èšèŒã®åææ³ã«ãã€ãŠåæã§ã
ãã ãããã®ååç©ã¯ã氎溶液ãå¡©é žæ§ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²è¥
ããã¯ã¡ã¿ããŒã«æº¶æ¶²ãšããŠåçä¹³å€å±€ãäœãã
ãã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãæº¶æ¶²ã«æ·»å ãããæ·»å ã®ææ
ã¯ç¹ã«å¶éãããªãããåçä¹³å€ã«æ·»å ããå Žå
ã¯ååŠçæåŸå¡åžçŽåãŸã§ã®éã«æ·»å ããã®ã䟿
å©ã§ããããããã®ååŠç©ã®æ·»å éã¯éåžžéïŒã¢
ã«åœãïŒÃ10-5molãïŒÃ10-2molãç¹ã«ïŒÃ
10-4molãïŒÃ10-3molã®ç¯å²ã«èšå®ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ R1ïŒR2ïŒR6ïŒR8ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢
ãªãŒã«åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããã²ã³ååæãã¯ã¹
ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºã衚ããããããã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã
ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºã¯ããã«çœ®æãããŠã
ãŠãããã åãåŒäžR5åã³R7ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«
åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããã²ã³ååæãã¯ã¹ã«ãã¢
ã¢ã€ã«åºã衚ããããããã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒ
ã«åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºã¯ããã«çœ®æãããŠããŠãã
ããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ããšãã«ç°ã®çœ®æåºã¯å·Šå³é
察称ã§ãããã R3åã³R4ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã眮æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®
ã¢ã«ãã«åºåã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã衚ãããR3ãšR4ã
R5ãšR6åã³R7ãšR8ã¯äºãã«é£çµããŠçœ®æããã
ã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ç°ã圢æããŠããããn1ïŒn2åã³n3ã¯
é žåãšãã¬ã³ã®å¹³åéå床ã§ãã€ãŠïŒã50ã®æ°ã§
ããã åãïœã¯å¹³åéå床ã§ãã€ãŠãïŒã50ã®æ°ã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããäŸã以äžã«èšããR1ïŒR2ïŒ
R5ïŒR6ïŒR7åã³R8ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ãïœâãããã«ãïœâããã«ãïœâã¢ãã«ãïœ
âããã·ã«ãïœâãªã¯ãã«ãããã«ããã·ã«ãã
ãã·ã«ãããªã¯ããã¡ãã«ãããªããã¢ã¡ãã«ã
ïŒâããšãã«ãšãã«ãïŒâããšãã«âïŒâããã
ã«çã®ççŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®çœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«
åºãããšãã«åºãïœâã¯ããããšãã«åºçã®çœ®æ
åã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãâOR10ïŒããã§R10ã¯ç
çŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®çœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºåã¯ã¢
ãªãŒã«åºã衚ããã以äžåãã§ããïŒã§è¡šããã
ã眮æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãå¡©çŽ ååãè
çŽ ååçã®ããã²ã³ååãæãã¯
ïŒÃ10-5ãªããïŒÃ10-3ã¢ã«ã®ç¯å²ã§ãã€ãã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ åŒäžR1ïŒR2ã¯åãã§ãäºãã«ç°ã€ãŠãããã
åã ããããã·åºãããããã·ã«ã¢ããåºãã¢ã
ãåºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
ïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ã¢ãåã¯ãžçœ®æã¢ããåºïŒãã¢
ã©ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã11ã®ã
ã®ïŒãã¢ãªãŒã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
10ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã眮æããã¢ããåºïŒãã¢ã«ã³ã
ã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ãã®ïŒãããšã
ãã·åºãã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®
ãã®ïŒãã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã10ã®
ãã®ïŒãã¢ã«ãã«ããªåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
ïŒã®ãã®ïŒåã¯ããšãã«åºã衚ãããäžèšã®ååº
ã«ãããã¢ã«ãã«éšåã¯ããããã·åºã¢ã«ã³ãã·
åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ã
ã®ïŒãã¢ããåºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯
ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ã¢ãå
ã¯ãžçœ®æã¢ããåºïŒãªã©ã®çœ®æåºãæããŠããŠã
ããããŸãäžèšR1ïŒR2ã衚ããååºã«ãããŠã¢
ãªãŒã«åã¯ããšãã«éšåã¯ããããã·åºãã¢ãã
åºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
ïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ã¢ãåã¯ãžçœ®æã¢
ããåºïŒãã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã
ç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ãã®ïŒãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯
ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒã®ãã®ïŒãªã©ã®çœ®æåº
ãæããŠããŠããããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šãããã
ååç©ã®äžã§ãR1åã¯R2ã®ããããäžæ¹ããã
ããã·ã«ã¢ããåºã衚ããã仿¹ãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã
ãåºã衚ãããã®åã³R1ãšR2ããšãã«ã¢ã«ã³ã
ã·åºåã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºã衚ããã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸ
ããã 以äžã«æ¬çºæã«ãããŠå¥œãŸãã䜿çšãããäžè¬
åŒïŒïŒã®ååç©ãäŸç€ºããã ãããã®ååç©ã¯ãžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ãžã»ãªã«
ã¬ããã¯ã»ã±ãã¹ããªãŒã27å·»4054é ïŒ1962ïŒã
ãžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ãžã»ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã³ã»ã±ãã«ã«ã»
ãœãµãšãã€ã73å·»2981é ïŒ1951ïŒãç¹å ¬æ49â
10692å·å ¬å ±çã«èšèŒã®åææ³ã«ãã€ãŠåæã§ã
ãã ãããã®ååç©ã¯ã氎溶液ãå¡©é žæ§ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²è¥
ããã¯ã¡ã¿ããŒã«æº¶æ¶²ãšããŠåçä¹³å€å±€ãäœãã
ãã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãæº¶æ¶²ã«æ·»å ãããæ·»å ã®ææ
ã¯ç¹ã«å¶éãããªãããåçä¹³å€ã«æ·»å ããå Žå
ã¯ååŠçæåŸå¡åžçŽåãŸã§ã®éã«æ·»å ããã®ã䟿
å©ã§ããããããã®ååŠç©ã®æ·»å éã¯éåžžéïŒã¢
ã«åœãïŒÃ10-5molãïŒÃ10-2molãç¹ã«ïŒÃ
10-4molãïŒÃ10-3molã®ç¯å²ã«èšå®ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ R1ïŒR2ïŒR6ïŒR8ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢
ãªãŒã«åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããã²ã³ååæãã¯ã¹
ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºã衚ããããããã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã
ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºã¯ããã«çœ®æãããŠã
ãŠãããã åãåŒäžR5åã³R7ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«
åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããã²ã³ååæãã¯ã¹ã«ãã¢
ã¢ã€ã«åºã衚ããããããã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒ
ã«åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºã¯ããã«çœ®æãããŠããŠãã
ããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ããšãã«ç°ã®çœ®æåºã¯å·Šå³é
察称ã§ãããã R3åã³R4ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã眮æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®
ã¢ã«ãã«åºåã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã衚ãããR3ãšR4ã
R5ãšR6åã³R7ãšR8ã¯äºãã«é£çµããŠçœ®æããã
ã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ç°ã圢æããŠããããn1ïŒn2åã³n3ã¯
é žåãšãã¬ã³ã®å¹³åéå床ã§ãã€ãŠïŒã50ã®æ°ã§
ããã åãïœã¯å¹³åéå床ã§ãã€ãŠãïŒã50ã®æ°ã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããäŸã以äžã«èšããR1ïŒR2ïŒ
R5ïŒR6ïŒR7åã³R8ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ãïœâãããã«ãïœâããã«ãïœâã¢ãã«ãïœ
âããã·ã«ãïœâãªã¯ãã«ãããã«ããã·ã«ãã
ãã·ã«ãããªã¯ããã¡ãã«ãããªããã¢ã¡ãã«ã
ïŒâããšãã«ãšãã«ãïŒâããšãã«âïŒâããã
ã«çã®ççŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®çœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«
åºãããšãã«åºãïœâã¯ããããšãã«åºçã®çœ®æ
åã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãâOR10ïŒããã§R10ã¯ç
çŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®çœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºåã¯ã¢
ãªãŒã«åºã衚ããã以äžåãã§ããïŒã§è¡šããã
ã眮æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãå¡©çŽ ååãè
çŽ ååçã®ããã²ã³ååãæãã¯
ãåŒãã§è¡šããããã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åº
ã§ãããåR1ïŒR2ïŒR6ïŒR8ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã§ãã€ãŠ
ãããããããã®ãã¡R5ïŒR7ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¢ã«
ãã«åºåã¯ããã²ã³ååã§ãããç¹ã«å¥œãŸãã
ã¯ãããé«ãïœâããã«åºãïœâã¢ãã«åºãïœâ
ãªã¯ãã«åºçã®ïŒçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãããR6ïŒR8
ã¯ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã§ãããããªãã¡ã
ïŒïŒïŒâãžçœ®æããšããŒã«ããåæãããäžè¬åŒ
ïŒïŒã®ååç©ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã R3ïŒR4ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¡ãã«åºããš
ãã«åºãïœâãããã«åºãïœâãããã«åºãïœâ
ãããã«åºãïŒâãšãã«ã¢ãã«åºãïœâãŠã³ãã·
ã«åºãããªã¯ããã¡ãã«åºãããªããã¢ã¡ãã«åº
çã®çœ®æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãαâããª
ã«åºããšãã«åºããããã«åºãïœâã¯ããããšã
ã«åºãïœâã¡ããã·ããšãã«åºãïœâãããããš
ãã«åºçã®çœ®æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§ã
ããåR3ãšR4ãR5ãšR6åã³R7ãšR8ã¯äºãã«é£çµ
ããŠçœ®æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ç°ã圢æããŠãè¯ãã
äŸãã°ã·ã¯ãããã·ã«ç°ã§ããããããã®ãã¡
R3ãšR4ã¯ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååãççŽ æ°ïŒ
ãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãããšãã«åºãããªã«åºã§ã
ããn1ïŒn2åã³n3ã¯ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãïŒã30ã®æ°
ã§ãããn2ãšn3ã¯åãã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠãè¯ãã ãããã®ååç©ã¯äŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2982651å·ã
å3428456å·ãå3457076å·ãå3454625å·ãå
3552972å·ãå3655387å·ãç¹å ¬æ51â9610å·ãç¹
éæ53â29715å·ãç¹éæ54â89626å·ãç¹é¡æ57
â85764å·ãç¹é¡æ57â90909å·ãå å£åèãæ°ç
颿޻æ§å€ãïŒäžå ±åºç1975幎ïŒçã«èšèŒãããŠã
ãã æ¬¡ã«æ¬çºæã«å¥œãŸããçšãããããããªã³çé¢
掻æ§å€ã®å ·äœäŸã瀺ãã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã¯ïŒïŒã§è¡šããããåŠãããª
ãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³éãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ã¯
䜿çšããåçæå ææã®çš®é¡ã圢æ åã¯å¡åžæ¹åŒ
çã«ãããã®äœ¿çšéã¯ç°ãªãããäžè¬ã«ã¯ãã®äœ¿
çšéã¯åçæå ææã®ïŒm2åœãïŒã500mgã§ããã
ç¹ã«20ã200mgã奜ãŸããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã¯ïŒïŒã§è¡šããããåŠãããª
ãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³éãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ã
åçæå ææã®å±€äžã«é©çšããæ¹æ³ã¯ãæ°Žæãã¯
ã¡ã¿ããŒã«ããšã¿ããŒã«ãã¢ã»ãã³çã®ææ©æº¶å€
åã¯æ°Žãšåèšææ©æº¶åªã®æ··å溶åªã«æº¶è§£ããã®
ã¡ãæ¯æäœäžã®æå æ§ä¹³å€å±€ãéæå æ§ã®è£å©å±€
ïŒäŸãã°ããããã³ã°å±€ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢å±€ã
äžéå±€ãä¿è·å±€çïŒäžã«å«æãããããåã¯æ¯æ
äœã®è¡šé¢ã«åŽé§ãå¡åžãããã¯ã該溶液äžã«æµžæŒ¬
ããŠä¹Ÿç¥ããã°ããããã®éãæ¬çºæã®äžè¬åŒ
ïŒïŒåã¯ïŒïŒã«å±ãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ã
ïŒçš®ä»¥äžæ··åããŠãããã æ¬¡ã«æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®ãã®
ä»ã®æ§æã«ã€ããŠèšèŒããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€äžã®
ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãç«æ¹äœãå «é¢äœã®ãããªèŠ
åçïŒregularïŒãªçµæ¶äœãæãããã®ã§ãããã
ãŸãçç¶ãæ¿ç¶ãªã©ã®ãããªå€åçïŒirregularïŒ
ãªçµæ¶åœ¢ããã€ãã®ããããã¯ãããã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®
è€å圢ããã€ãã®ã§ããããçš®ã ã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®ç²å
ã®æ··åããæã€ãŠãããã ãããã®åçä¹³å€ã¯P.GlafkidesèChimie et
Physique PhotographiqueïŒPaul Montel瀟åã
1967幎ïŒãG.F.Duffin èPhotographic
Emulsion ChemistryïŒThe Focal Pressåã
1966幎ïŒãV.L.Zelikman et alèMaking and
Coating Photographic EmulsionïŒThe Fcoal
Pressåã1964幎ïŒãªã©ã«èšèŒãããæ¹æ³ãçšã
ãŠèª¿è£œããããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ãé žæ§æ³ãäž
æ§æ³ãã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢æ³çã®ãããã§ãããããŸãå¯
溶æ§éå¡©ãšå¯æº¶æ§ããã²ã³å¡©ãåå¿ããã圢åŒãš
ããŠã¯çåŽæ··åæ³ãåææ··åæ³ããããã®çµåã
ãªã©ã®ããããçšããŠãããã åçå±€ã®ãã€ã³ããŒãšããŠã¯ãŒã©ãã³ãã«ãŒã€
ã³ãªã©ã®èçœè³ªïŒã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ã
ããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹çã®ã»ã«ããŒã¹åå
ç©ïŒå¯å€©ãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãœãŒããã§ãã·ãèªå°äœç
ã®ç³èªå°äœïŒåæèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãäŸãã°ããªãã
ã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãããªââããã«ãããªãã³ãã
ãªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žå ±éåäœãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããŸã
ã¯ãããã®èªå°äœããã³éšåå æ°Žåè§£ç©çã䜵çš
ããããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã«èšããŒã©ãã³ã¯ããããç³ç°åŠçãŒã©ã
ã³ãé žåŠçãŒã©ãã³ããã³é µçŽ åŠçãŒã©ãã³ãæ
ãã åãæ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã¯ãåçæ§æå±€äžã«
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3411911å·ãå3411912å·ãç¹å ¬æ45â
5331å·çã«èšèŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãç³»ã©ãã
ã¯ã¹ãå«ãããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ãååŠå¢æãè¡ãªããªã
ã§ãããããæªåŸçïŒPrimitiveïŒä¹³å€ã®ãŸãŸçš
ããããšãã§ããããéåžžã¯ååŠå¢æããããå
åŠå¢æã®ããã«ã¯ãåèšGlafkidesãŸãã¯
Zelikmanãã®èæžãããã¯H.Ffieserç·šãã»ã°ã«
ã³ãã©ãŒã²ã³ã»ãã«ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ã·ãšã³Die
Grundlagen der Photographischen ããããš
ã»ã»ããã»ãžã«ãã«ããã²ããŒãã³Prozesse
mit SilberhalogenidenïŒAkademische
Verlagsgesellschaft.1968ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ãçšã
ãããšãã§ããã ããªãã¡ãéã€ãªã³ãšåå¿ãåŸãç¡«é»ãå«ãå
åç©ã掻æ§ãŒã©ãã³ãçšããç¡«é»å¢ææ³ãéå æ§
ç©è³ªãçšããéå 墿æ³ãéãã®ä»ã®è²Žéå±åå
ç©ãçšãã貎éå±å¢ææ³ãªã©ãåç¬ãŸãã¯çµåã
ãŠçšããããšãã§ãããç¡«é»å¢æå€ãšããŠã¯ãã
ãªç¡«é žå¡©ãããªå°¿çŽ é¡ããã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãããŒãã
ã³é¡ããã®ä»ã®ååç©ãçšããããšãã§ãããã
ãã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±1574944å·ã2410689å·ã
2278947å·ã2728668å·ã3656955å·ã«èšèŒãããŠ
ãããéå 墿å€ãšããŠã¯ç¬¬äžããå¡©ãã¢ãã³
é¡ãããã©ãžã³èªå°äœããã«ã ã¢ããžã³ã¹ã«ãã€
ã³é žãã·ã©ã³ååç©ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ããã
ããã®å ·äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2487850å·ã2419974å·ã
2518698å·ã2983609å·ã2983610å·ã2694637å·ã«
èšèŒãããŠããã貎éå±å¢æã®ããã«ã¯éé¯å¡©ã®
ã»ããçœéãã€ãªãžãŠã ããã©ãžãŠã çã®åšæåŸ
衚æã®éå±ã®é¯å¡©ãçšããããšãã§ãããã®å ·
äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2399083å·ã2448060å·ãè±åœç¹èš±
618061å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã«ã¯ã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãŸãã¯å®å®
å€ãšããŠçš®ã ã®ååç©ã嫿ãããããšãã§ã
ããããªãã¡ã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ããšãã°ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãª
ãŠã å¡©ããããã€ã³ããŸãŒã«é¡ãããªã¢ãŸãŒã«
é¡ããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«
é¡ïŒç¹ã«ããããŒãŸãã¯ããã²ã³çœ®æäœïŒïŒãã
ãç°ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©é¡ããšãã°ã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢
ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«
ã«ãããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢ãž
ã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸãŒã«é¡ïŒç¹ã«ïŒ
âããšãã«âïŒâã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸãŒã«ïŒãã¡
ã«ã«ããããªãžã³é¡ïŒã«ã«ããã·ã«åºãã¹ã«ãã³
åºãªã©ã®æ°Žæº¶æ§åºãæããäžèšã®ãããç°ã¡ã«ã«
ããååç©é¡ïŒããªã±ãååç©ããšãã°ãªããµãŸ
ãªã³ããªã³ïŒã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ããšãã°ããã©ã¢ã¶
ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒïŒç¹ã«ïŒâããããã·çœ®æïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
3aïŒïŒïŒããã©ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒïŒãã³ãŒã³ããª
ã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ïŒãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žïŒãªã©ã®ã
ããªã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãŸãã¯å®å®å€ãšããŠç¥ãããå€
ãã®ååç©ãå ããããšãã§ããã ãããã®æŽã«è©³ããå ·äœäŸåã³ãã®äœ¿ç𿹿³ã«
ã€ããŠã¯ãããšãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3954474å·ãå第
3982947å·ãå第4021248å·åæçްæžãŸãã¯ç¹å ¬æ
52â28660å·å ¬å ±ã®èšèŒãåèã«ã§ããã 硬èå€ãšããŠã¯ã ã³ã¯ãã«é žãã ã³ããã é žã
ã ã³ããšããã·ã¯ãã«é žãã ã³ããšããã·ããã
é žããã«ã ã¢ã«ãããããžã¡ãããŒã«å°¿çŽ ãããª
ã¡ãããŒã«ã¡ã©ãã³ãã°ãªãªãã¶ãŒã«ãã¢ãã¡ã
ã«ã°ãªãªãã¶ãŒã«ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã·âïŒïŒ
ïŒâãžãªããµã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã·âïŒâã¡
ãã«âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªããµã³ããµã¯ã·ã³ã¢ã«ãã
ããïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ããã·ããã©ããããã©ã³ãã°
ã«ã¿ã«ã¢ã«ãããã®åŠãã¢ã«ãããç³»ååç©ïŒãž
ããã«ã¹ã«ãã³ãã¡ãã¬ã³ãã¹ãã¬ã€ãããïŒâ
ã¢ã»ãã«âïŒïŒïŒâãžã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«âãããµãã
ããŒïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ã¯ãªã
ã€ã«âãããµãããâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªããã«ã¹ã«ããã«âãããµãããâïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³ãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒãšãŒ
ãã«ãïŒïŒïŒâãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒ
ãããããŒã«âïŒããã¹ïŒÎ±âããã«ã¹ã«ããã«
ã¢ã»ãã¢ããïŒãšã¿ã³ã®åŠã掻æ§ããã«ç³»åå
ç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒâããããã·âïœâã
ãªã¢ãžã³ã»ãããªãŠã å¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒ
âã¡ããã·âïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã
âïŒâïŒïŒâã¹ã«ãã¢ããªãïŒâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ã»
ãããªãŠã å¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒâïŒïŒâã¹
ã«ããšãã«ã¢ããïŒâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒNâ²â
ãã¹ïŒïŒâã¯ãããšãã«ã«ã«ããã«ïŒããã©ãžã³
ã®åŠã掻æ§ããã²ã³ç³»ååç©ïŒãã¹ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãš
ããã·ãããã«ïŒã¡ãã«ãããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã»
ïœâãã«ãšã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãã¹ïŒ2â²ïŒ
3â²âãšããã·ãããã«ãªãã·ïŒãã¿ã³ãïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã°ãªã·ãžã«ã€ãœã·ã¢ãã¬ãŒããïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžã°ãªã·ãžã«âïŒâïŒÎ³âã¢ã»ããã·âβâãªã
ã·ãããã«ïŒã€ãœã·ã¢ãã¬ãŒãã®åŠããšããã·ç³»
ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªãšãã¬ã³ã€ããâïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãããµã¡ãã¬ã³âïŒ
Nâ²âãã¹ãšãã¬ã³å°¿çŽ ããã¹âβâãšãã¬ã³ã€
ãããšãã«ããªãšãŒãã«ã®åŠããšãã¬ã³ã€ãã³ç³»
ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžïŒã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ãªãã·ïŒãš
ã¿ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžïŒã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ãªãã·ïŒãã¿
ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžïŒã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ãªãã·ïŒãã³ã¿
ã³ã®åŠãã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žãšã¹ãã«ç³»ååç©ïŒã
ãã«ãã«ã«ããžã€ããç³»ååç©ïŒã€ãœãªããµãŸãŒ
ã«ç³»ååç©ïŒåã³ã¯ãã æãã³ã®åŠãç¡æ©ç³»åå
ç©ãæããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ãŸãã¯ä»ã®æ§æ
å±€ã«ã¯å¡åžå©å€ã垯é»é²æ¢ãã¹ããªæ§æ¹è¯ãä¹³å
åæ£ãæ¥ç鲿¢ããã³åçç¹æ§æ¹è¯ïŒããšãã°çŸ
åä¿é²ã硬調åã墿ïŒãªã©çš®ã ã®ç®çã§æ¬çºæ
以å€ã®ç颿޻æ§å€ãå«ãã§ãããã ããšãã°ãµããã³ïŒã¹ããã€ãç³»ïŒãã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªããµã€ãèªå°äœïŒäŸãã°ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒããªãããã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çž®åç©ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãŸãã¯ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢
ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãœã«ã
ã¿ã³ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ã¢ãã³ãŸãã¯ã¢ããé¡ãã·ãªã³ãŒã³ã®ããªãš
ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãä»å ç©é¡ïŒãã°ãªã·ããŒã«èªå°
äœïŒããšãã°ã¢ã«ã±ãã«ã³ãã¯é žããªã°ãªã»ãª
ããã¢ã«ãã«ããšããŒã«ããªã°ãªã»ãªãïŒãå€äŸ¡
ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®èèªé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãç³ã®ã¢ã«ãã«ãš
ã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®éã€ãªã³æ§ç颿޻æ§å€ïŒã¢ã«ãã«
ã«ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ã
ã«ãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ããã¿ã¬ã³
ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«
ãã«ãªã³é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãâã¢ã·ã«ââã¢ã«ã
ã«ã¿ãŠãªã³é žãã¹ã«ãã³ãã¯é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¹ã«
ãã¢ã«ãã«ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ããšãã«
ãšãŒãã«é¡ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ãªã³é ž
ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®ãããªã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ã
åºããã¹ãåºãç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«åºãçé žãšã¹ãã«åº
çã®é žæ§åºãå«ãã¢ããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ïŒã¢ããé ž
é¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ã
ã«ç¡«é žãŸãã¯çé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¿ã€
é¡ãã¢ãã³ãªãã·ãé¡ãªã©ã®äž¡æ§ç颿޻æ§å€ïŒã¢
ã«ãã«ã¢ãã³å¡©é¡ãèèªæãããã¯è³éŠæç¬¬ïŒçŽ
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããªãžããŠã ãã€ãããŸãªãŠ
ã ãªã©ã®è€çŽ ç°ç¬¬ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããã³
èèªæãŸãã¯è€çŽ ç°ãå«ããã¹ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ã¹
ã«ãããŠã å¡©é¡ãªã©ã®ã«ããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ãçšã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã¯ãã¡ãã³è²çŽ é¡ãã®ä»ã«ã
ã€ãŠåå 墿ãããŠãããçšããããè²çŽ ã«ã¯ã
ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãè€åã·ã¢ãã³
è²çŽ ãè€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãããããŒã©ãŒã·ã¢
ãã³è²çŽ ãããã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¹ããªã«è²çŽ ãã
ãã³ãããªããœããŒã«è²çŽ ãå å«ããããç¹ã«æ
çšãªè²çŽ ã¯ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã
ã³è€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ã«å±ããè²çŽ ã§ãããã
ããã®è²çŽ é¡ã«ã¯å¡©åºæ§ç°ç¯ç°æ žãšããŠã·ã¢ãã³
è²çŽ é¡ã«éåžžå©çšãããæ žã®ãããããé©çšã§ã
ããããªãã¡ããããªã³æ žããªããµãŸãªã³æ žãã
ã¢ãŸãªã³æ žããããŒã«æ žããªããµãŸãŒã«æ žããã¢
ãŸãŒã«æ žãã»ã¬ããŸãŒã«æ žãã€ãããŸãŒã«æ žãã
ãã©ãŸãŒã«æ žãããªãžã³æ žãªã©ïŒãããã®æ žã«è
ç°åŒçåæ°ŽçŽ ç°ãèåããæ žïŒããã³ãããã®æ ž
ã«è³éŠæçåæ°ŽçŽ ç°ãèåããæ žãããªãã¡ãã€
ã³ãã¬ãã³æ žããã³ãºã€ã³ãã¬ãã³æ žãã€ã³ããŒ
ã«æ žããã³ãºãªããµãŸãŒã«æ žãããããªããµãŸãŒ
ã«æ žããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«æ žãããããã¢ãŸãŒã«
æ žããã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸãŒã«æ žããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«
æ žããããªã³æ žãªã©ãé©çšã§ããããããã®æ žã¯
ççŽ ååäžã«çœ®æãããŠããŠãããã ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãŸãã¯è€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ
ã«ã¯ã±ãã¡ãã¬ã³æ§é ãæããæ žãšããŠããã©ãŸ
ãªã³âïŒâãªã³æ žãããªããã³ãã€ã³æ žãïŒâã
ãªãªããµãŸãªãžã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³æ žããã¢ãŸãª
ãžã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³æ žãããŒããã³æ žãããªã
ã«ãããŒã«é žæ žãªã©ã®ïŒãïŒå¡ç°ç¯ç°æ žãé©çšã
ãããšãã§ããã ïŒå®æœäŸïŒ 宿œäŸ ïŒ (1) 詊æã®èª¿è£œïŒ äžå¡ããæœããåã180ÎŒã®ããªãšãã¬ã³ãã¬
ãã¿ã¬ãŒããã€ã«ã æ¯æäœã®äžã«ãäžèšçµæã®ã
ãã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãå¡åžããæŽã«ãã®äžã«äžèšçµ
æã®ä¿è·å±€ãå¡åžãã也ç¥ããŠçœé»ããã²ã³åé
æå ææã調補ãããä¿è·å±€ã«ã¯æ¬çºæã®ãããª
ã³ç颿޻æ§å€åã¯æ¯èŒçšãããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ãæ·»
å ããã ïŒä¹³å€å±€ïŒ åãïŒçŽ5ÎŒ çµæ 1.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®æ²åéãå«ãæ²èåéãŒã©ãã³ä¹³
å€ïŒããã²ã³åéç²åã®å¹³åãµã€ãº1.3ÎŒïŒã«ãã
ã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœã0.6mgã®å¡©åéé žããã³ïŒïŒ
ïŒmgã®ããªç¡«é žãããªãŠã ãå ããŠ60âã§50åé
å ç±ãçæãè¡ãªã€ããåŸãããä¹³å€ã«å®å®å€ãš
ããŠïŒâããããã·âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒïŒïŒïŒ3aïŒ
ïŒâããã©ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãå ããããã«ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€º
ãæ¬çºæã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããå
åç©ããããããïŒÃ10-4molïŒ1molAgãïŒÃ
10-4molïŒ1molAgæ·»å ããã ïŒä¿è·å±€ïŒ åãïŒçŽ1ÎŒ çµæåã³å¡åžé ãŒã©ãã³ 1.5gïŒm2 ïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã«âïŒâ ããããã·âïŒïŒïŒïŒ ïŒâããªã¢ãžã³ãããªãŠã å¡© 10mgïŒm2 ããã·ã«ç¡«é žãããªãŠã 10mgïŒm2 æ¬çºæã®ïŒïŒåã¯ïŒïŒã®ãããªã³ç颿޻
æ§å€å㯠æ¯èŒçšãããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ 60mgïŒm2 (2) 垯é»é²æ¢èœã®å€å®æ³ïŒ 垯é»é²æ¢èœã¯ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯çºçã®æž¬å®ã«ã
ã€ãŠæ±ºãããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯çºç詊éšã¯ããŽã
ã·ãŒãäžã«æªé²å æå ææã®åž¯é»é²æ¢å¶ãå«ã衚
é¢ãäžåãã«ããŠãäžãããŽã ããŒã©ãŒã§å§ç
åŸãå¥é¢ããããšã«ããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãçºç
ãããæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãã ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯çºç詊éšã¯ã25âã25ïŒ RH
ã§è¡ãããªãã詊æã®è©Šéšçã®èª¿æ¹¿ã¯åèšæ¡ä»¶ã§
äžæŒå€è¡ãªã€ãã ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®è©äŸ¡ã¯æ¬¡ã®ïŒæ®µéã®èŠæºã«
åŸã€ãã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®çºçãèªããããªãã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãå°ãçºçããã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãçžåœçºçããã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãèããçºçããã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãå šé¢ã«çºçããã (3) ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æåºŠã®æž¬å®ïŒ 詊æçåã³å€§æ¥æ¬å¡æè£œã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³LTâã
30âã80ïŒ RHã«ãŠïŒæ¥èª¿æ¹¿ããåäžæ¡ä»¶äžã§
LHâã䜿çšããã«ã»ããã«è©Šæçã100æé
ããåŸïŒžç·æ®åœ±ãè¡ãªãæ¿åºŠã ã©ã®åºå ·åã調ã¹
ãã ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æåºŠã®è©äŸ¡ã¯æ¬¡ã®ïŒæ®µéã®èŠæºã«
åŸã€ãã ïŒ¡ïŒæ¿åºŠã ã©ã®çºçãèªããããªãã ïŒ¢ïŒæ¿åºŠã ã©ãå°ãçºçããã ïŒ£ïŒæ¿åºŠã ã©ãçžåœçºçããã ïŒ€ïŒæ¿åºŠã ã©ãèããçºçããã (4) çŸååŠçæ¹æ³ åçç¹æ§è©Šéšãã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®çºççšåºŠã
ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æã®çšåºŠã調ã¹ãããã«ãçŸåæ¶²ãš
ããŠRDâïŒå¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã (æ ª)補ïŒãçšãã
èªåçŸåæ©ã»å¯å£«RNïŒå¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã (æ ª)補ïŒ
ã§90ç§çŸååŠçãããã åŸãããŠçµæã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã
ãããããããã®ãã¡R5ïŒR7ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¢ã«
ãã«åºåã¯ããã²ã³ååã§ãããç¹ã«å¥œãŸãã
ã¯ãããé«ãïœâããã«åºãïœâã¢ãã«åºãïœâ
ãªã¯ãã«åºçã®ïŒçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãããR6ïŒR8
ã¯ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã§ãããããªãã¡ã
ïŒïŒïŒâãžçœ®æããšããŒã«ããåæãããäžè¬åŒ
ïŒïŒã®ååç©ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã R3ïŒR4ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¡ãã«åºããš
ãã«åºãïœâãããã«åºãïœâãããã«åºãïœâ
ãããã«åºãïŒâãšãã«ã¢ãã«åºãïœâãŠã³ãã·
ã«åºãããªã¯ããã¡ãã«åºãããªããã¢ã¡ãã«åº
çã®çœ®æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãαâããª
ã«åºããšãã«åºããããã«åºãïœâã¯ããããšã
ã«åºãïœâã¡ããã·ããšãã«åºãïœâãããããš
ãã«åºçã®çœ®æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§ã
ããåR3ãšR4ãR5ãšR6åã³R7ãšR8ã¯äºãã«é£çµ
ããŠçœ®æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ç°ã圢æããŠãè¯ãã
äŸãã°ã·ã¯ãããã·ã«ç°ã§ããããããã®ãã¡
R3ãšR4ã¯ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååãççŽ æ°ïŒ
ãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãããšãã«åºãããªã«åºã§ã
ããn1ïŒn2åã³n3ã¯ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãïŒã30ã®æ°
ã§ãããn2ãšn3ã¯åãã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠãè¯ãã ãããã®ååç©ã¯äŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2982651å·ã
å3428456å·ãå3457076å·ãå3454625å·ãå
3552972å·ãå3655387å·ãç¹å ¬æ51â9610å·ãç¹
éæ53â29715å·ãç¹éæ54â89626å·ãç¹é¡æ57
â85764å·ãç¹é¡æ57â90909å·ãå å£åèãæ°ç
颿޻æ§å€ãïŒäžå ±åºç1975幎ïŒçã«èšèŒãããŠã
ãã æ¬¡ã«æ¬çºæã«å¥œãŸããçšãããããããªã³çé¢
掻æ§å€ã®å ·äœäŸã瀺ãã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã¯ïŒïŒã§è¡šããããåŠãããª
ãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³éãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ã¯
䜿çšããåçæå ææã®çš®é¡ã圢æ åã¯å¡åžæ¹åŒ
çã«ãããã®äœ¿çšéã¯ç°ãªãããäžè¬ã«ã¯ãã®äœ¿
çšéã¯åçæå ææã®ïŒm2åœãïŒã500mgã§ããã
ç¹ã«20ã200mgã奜ãŸããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã¯ïŒïŒã§è¡šããããåŠãããª
ãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³éãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ã
åçæå ææã®å±€äžã«é©çšããæ¹æ³ã¯ãæ°Žæãã¯
ã¡ã¿ããŒã«ããšã¿ããŒã«ãã¢ã»ãã³çã®ææ©æº¶å€
åã¯æ°Žãšåèšææ©æº¶åªã®æ··å溶åªã«æº¶è§£ããã®
ã¡ãæ¯æäœäžã®æå æ§ä¹³å€å±€ãéæå æ§ã®è£å©å±€
ïŒäŸãã°ããããã³ã°å±€ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢å±€ã
äžéå±€ãä¿è·å±€çïŒäžã«å«æãããããåã¯æ¯æ
äœã®è¡šé¢ã«åŽé§ãå¡åžãããã¯ã該溶液äžã«æµžæŒ¬
ããŠä¹Ÿç¥ããã°ããããã®éãæ¬çºæã®äžè¬åŒ
ïŒïŒåã¯ïŒïŒã«å±ãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ã
ïŒçš®ä»¥äžæ··åããŠãããã æ¬¡ã«æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®ãã®
ä»ã®æ§æã«ã€ããŠèšèŒããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€äžã®
ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãç«æ¹äœãå «é¢äœã®ãããªèŠ
åçïŒregularïŒãªçµæ¶äœãæãããã®ã§ãããã
ãŸãçç¶ãæ¿ç¶ãªã©ã®ãããªå€åçïŒirregularïŒ
ãªçµæ¶åœ¢ããã€ãã®ããããã¯ãããã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®
è€å圢ããã€ãã®ã§ããããçš®ã ã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®ç²å
ã®æ··åããæã€ãŠãããã ãããã®åçä¹³å€ã¯P.GlafkidesèChimie et
Physique PhotographiqueïŒPaul Montel瀟åã
1967幎ïŒãG.F.Duffin èPhotographic
Emulsion ChemistryïŒThe Focal Pressåã
1966幎ïŒãV.L.Zelikman et alèMaking and
Coating Photographic EmulsionïŒThe Fcoal
Pressåã1964幎ïŒãªã©ã«èšèŒãããæ¹æ³ãçšã
ãŠèª¿è£œããããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ãé žæ§æ³ãäž
æ§æ³ãã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢æ³çã®ãããã§ãããããŸãå¯
溶æ§éå¡©ãšå¯æº¶æ§ããã²ã³å¡©ãåå¿ããã圢åŒãš
ããŠã¯çåŽæ··åæ³ãåææ··åæ³ããããã®çµåã
ãªã©ã®ããããçšããŠãããã åçå±€ã®ãã€ã³ããŒãšããŠã¯ãŒã©ãã³ãã«ãŒã€
ã³ãªã©ã®èçœè³ªïŒã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ã
ããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹çã®ã»ã«ããŒã¹åå
ç©ïŒå¯å€©ãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãœãŒããã§ãã·ãèªå°äœç
ã®ç³èªå°äœïŒåæèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãäŸãã°ããªãã
ã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãããªââããã«ãããªãã³ãã
ãªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žå ±éåäœãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããŸã
ã¯ãããã®èªå°äœããã³éšåå æ°Žåè§£ç©çã䜵çš
ããããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã«èšããŒã©ãã³ã¯ããããç³ç°åŠçãŒã©ã
ã³ãé žåŠçãŒã©ãã³ããã³é µçŽ åŠçãŒã©ãã³ãæ
ãã åãæ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã¯ãåçæ§æå±€äžã«
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3411911å·ãå3411912å·ãç¹å ¬æ45â
5331å·çã«èšèŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãç³»ã©ãã
ã¯ã¹ãå«ãããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ãååŠå¢æãè¡ãªããªã
ã§ãããããæªåŸçïŒPrimitiveïŒä¹³å€ã®ãŸãŸçš
ããããšãã§ããããéåžžã¯ååŠå¢æããããå
åŠå¢æã®ããã«ã¯ãåèšGlafkidesãŸãã¯
Zelikmanãã®èæžãããã¯H.Ffieserç·šãã»ã°ã«
ã³ãã©ãŒã²ã³ã»ãã«ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ã·ãšã³Die
Grundlagen der Photographischen ããããš
ã»ã»ããã»ãžã«ãã«ããã²ããŒãã³Prozesse
mit SilberhalogenidenïŒAkademische
Verlagsgesellschaft.1968ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ãçšã
ãããšãã§ããã ããªãã¡ãéã€ãªã³ãšåå¿ãåŸãç¡«é»ãå«ãå
åç©ã掻æ§ãŒã©ãã³ãçšããç¡«é»å¢ææ³ãéå æ§
ç©è³ªãçšããéå 墿æ³ãéãã®ä»ã®è²Žéå±åå
ç©ãçšãã貎éå±å¢ææ³ãªã©ãåç¬ãŸãã¯çµåã
ãŠçšããããšãã§ãããç¡«é»å¢æå€ãšããŠã¯ãã
ãªç¡«é žå¡©ãããªå°¿çŽ é¡ããã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãããŒãã
ã³é¡ããã®ä»ã®ååç©ãçšããããšãã§ãããã
ãã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±1574944å·ã2410689å·ã
2278947å·ã2728668å·ã3656955å·ã«èšèŒãããŠ
ãããéå 墿å€ãšããŠã¯ç¬¬äžããå¡©ãã¢ãã³
é¡ãããã©ãžã³èªå°äœããã«ã ã¢ããžã³ã¹ã«ãã€
ã³é žãã·ã©ã³ååç©ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ããã
ããã®å ·äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2487850å·ã2419974å·ã
2518698å·ã2983609å·ã2983610å·ã2694637å·ã«
èšèŒãããŠããã貎éå±å¢æã®ããã«ã¯éé¯å¡©ã®
ã»ããçœéãã€ãªãžãŠã ããã©ãžãŠã çã®åšæåŸ
衚æã®éå±ã®é¯å¡©ãçšããããšãã§ãããã®å ·
äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2399083å·ã2448060å·ãè±åœç¹èš±
618061å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã«ã¯ã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãŸãã¯å®å®
å€ãšããŠçš®ã ã®ååç©ã嫿ãããããšãã§ã
ããããªãã¡ã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ããšãã°ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãª
ãŠã å¡©ããããã€ã³ããŸãŒã«é¡ãããªã¢ãŸãŒã«
é¡ããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«
é¡ïŒç¹ã«ããããŒãŸãã¯ããã²ã³çœ®æäœïŒïŒãã
ãç°ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©é¡ããšãã°ã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢
ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«
ã«ãããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢ãž
ã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸãŒã«é¡ïŒç¹ã«ïŒ
âããšãã«âïŒâã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸãŒã«ïŒãã¡
ã«ã«ããããªãžã³é¡ïŒã«ã«ããã·ã«åºãã¹ã«ãã³
åºãªã©ã®æ°Žæº¶æ§åºãæããäžèšã®ãããç°ã¡ã«ã«
ããååç©é¡ïŒããªã±ãååç©ããšãã°ãªããµãŸ
ãªã³ããªã³ïŒã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ããšãã°ããã©ã¢ã¶
ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒïŒç¹ã«ïŒâããããã·çœ®æïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
3aïŒïŒïŒããã©ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒïŒãã³ãŒã³ããª
ã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ïŒãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žïŒãªã©ã®ã
ããªã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãŸãã¯å®å®å€ãšããŠç¥ãããå€
ãã®ååç©ãå ããããšãã§ããã ãããã®æŽã«è©³ããå ·äœäŸåã³ãã®äœ¿ç𿹿³ã«
ã€ããŠã¯ãããšãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3954474å·ãå第
3982947å·ãå第4021248å·åæçްæžãŸãã¯ç¹å ¬æ
52â28660å·å ¬å ±ã®èšèŒãåèã«ã§ããã 硬èå€ãšããŠã¯ã ã³ã¯ãã«é žãã ã³ããã é žã
ã ã³ããšããã·ã¯ãã«é žãã ã³ããšããã·ããã
é žããã«ã ã¢ã«ãããããžã¡ãããŒã«å°¿çŽ ãããª
ã¡ãããŒã«ã¡ã©ãã³ãã°ãªãªãã¶ãŒã«ãã¢ãã¡ã
ã«ã°ãªãªãã¶ãŒã«ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã·âïŒïŒ
ïŒâãžãªããµã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã·âïŒâã¡
ãã«âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªããµã³ããµã¯ã·ã³ã¢ã«ãã
ããïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ããã·ããã©ããããã©ã³ãã°
ã«ã¿ã«ã¢ã«ãããã®åŠãã¢ã«ãããç³»ååç©ïŒãž
ããã«ã¹ã«ãã³ãã¡ãã¬ã³ãã¹ãã¬ã€ãããïŒâ
ã¢ã»ãã«âïŒïŒïŒâãžã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«âãããµãã
ããŒïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ã¯ãªã
ã€ã«âãããµãããâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªããã«ã¹ã«ããã«âãããµãããâïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³ãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒãšãŒ
ãã«ãïŒïŒïŒâãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒ
ãããããŒã«âïŒããã¹ïŒÎ±âããã«ã¹ã«ããã«
ã¢ã»ãã¢ããïŒãšã¿ã³ã®åŠã掻æ§ããã«ç³»åå
ç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒâããããã·âïœâã
ãªã¢ãžã³ã»ãããªãŠã å¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒ
âã¡ããã·âïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã
âïŒâïŒïŒâã¹ã«ãã¢ããªãïŒâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ã»
ãããªãŠã å¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒâïŒïŒâã¹
ã«ããšãã«ã¢ããïŒâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒNâ²â
ãã¹ïŒïŒâã¯ãããšãã«ã«ã«ããã«ïŒããã©ãžã³
ã®åŠã掻æ§ããã²ã³ç³»ååç©ïŒãã¹ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãš
ããã·ãããã«ïŒã¡ãã«ãããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã»
ïœâãã«ãšã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãã¹ïŒ2â²ïŒ
3â²âãšããã·ãããã«ãªãã·ïŒãã¿ã³ãïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã°ãªã·ãžã«ã€ãœã·ã¢ãã¬ãŒããïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžã°ãªã·ãžã«âïŒâïŒÎ³âã¢ã»ããã·âβâãªã
ã·ãããã«ïŒã€ãœã·ã¢ãã¬ãŒãã®åŠããšããã·ç³»
ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªãšãã¬ã³ã€ããâïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãããµã¡ãã¬ã³âïŒ
Nâ²âãã¹ãšãã¬ã³å°¿çŽ ããã¹âβâãšãã¬ã³ã€
ãããšãã«ããªãšãŒãã«ã®åŠããšãã¬ã³ã€ãã³ç³»
ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžïŒã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ãªãã·ïŒãš
ã¿ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžïŒã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ãªãã·ïŒãã¿
ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžïŒã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ãªãã·ïŒãã³ã¿
ã³ã®åŠãã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žãšã¹ãã«ç³»ååç©ïŒã
ãã«ãã«ã«ããžã€ããç³»ååç©ïŒã€ãœãªããµãŸãŒ
ã«ç³»ååç©ïŒåã³ã¯ãã æãã³ã®åŠãç¡æ©ç³»åå
ç©ãæããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ãŸãã¯ä»ã®æ§æ
å±€ã«ã¯å¡åžå©å€ã垯é»é²æ¢ãã¹ããªæ§æ¹è¯ãä¹³å
åæ£ãæ¥ç鲿¢ããã³åçç¹æ§æ¹è¯ïŒããšãã°çŸ
åä¿é²ã硬調åã墿ïŒãªã©çš®ã ã®ç®çã§æ¬çºæ
以å€ã®ç颿޻æ§å€ãå«ãã§ãããã ããšãã°ãµããã³ïŒã¹ããã€ãç³»ïŒãã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªããµã€ãèªå°äœïŒäŸãã°ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒããªãããã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çž®åç©ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãŸãã¯ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢
ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãœã«ã
ã¿ã³ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ã¢ãã³ãŸãã¯ã¢ããé¡ãã·ãªã³ãŒã³ã®ããªãš
ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãä»å ç©é¡ïŒãã°ãªã·ããŒã«èªå°
äœïŒããšãã°ã¢ã«ã±ãã«ã³ãã¯é žããªã°ãªã»ãª
ããã¢ã«ãã«ããšããŒã«ããªã°ãªã»ãªãïŒãå€äŸ¡
ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®èèªé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãç³ã®ã¢ã«ãã«ãš
ã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®éã€ãªã³æ§ç颿޻æ§å€ïŒã¢ã«ãã«
ã«ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ã
ã«ãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ããã¿ã¬ã³
ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«
ãã«ãªã³é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãâã¢ã·ã«ââã¢ã«ã
ã«ã¿ãŠãªã³é žãã¹ã«ãã³ãã¯é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¹ã«
ãã¢ã«ãã«ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ããšãã«
ãšãŒãã«é¡ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ãªã³é ž
ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®ãããªã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ã
åºããã¹ãåºãç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«åºãçé žãšã¹ãã«åº
çã®é žæ§åºãå«ãã¢ããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ïŒã¢ããé ž
é¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ã
ã«ç¡«é žãŸãã¯çé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¿ã€
é¡ãã¢ãã³ãªãã·ãé¡ãªã©ã®äž¡æ§ç颿޻æ§å€ïŒã¢
ã«ãã«ã¢ãã³å¡©é¡ãèèªæãããã¯è³éŠæç¬¬ïŒçŽ
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããªãžããŠã ãã€ãããŸãªãŠ
ã ãªã©ã®è€çŽ ç°ç¬¬ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããã³
èèªæãŸãã¯è€çŽ ç°ãå«ããã¹ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ã¹
ã«ãããŠã å¡©é¡ãªã©ã®ã«ããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ãçšã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã¯ãã¡ãã³è²çŽ é¡ãã®ä»ã«ã
ã€ãŠåå 墿ãããŠãããçšããããè²çŽ ã«ã¯ã
ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãè€åã·ã¢ãã³
è²çŽ ãè€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãããããŒã©ãŒã·ã¢
ãã³è²çŽ ãããã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¹ããªã«è²çŽ ãã
ãã³ãããªããœããŒã«è²çŽ ãå å«ããããç¹ã«æ
çšãªè²çŽ ã¯ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã
ã³è€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ã«å±ããè²çŽ ã§ãããã
ããã®è²çŽ é¡ã«ã¯å¡©åºæ§ç°ç¯ç°æ žãšããŠã·ã¢ãã³
è²çŽ é¡ã«éåžžå©çšãããæ žã®ãããããé©çšã§ã
ããããªãã¡ããããªã³æ žããªããµãŸãªã³æ žãã
ã¢ãŸãªã³æ žããããŒã«æ žããªããµãŸãŒã«æ žããã¢
ãŸãŒã«æ žãã»ã¬ããŸãŒã«æ žãã€ãããŸãŒã«æ žãã
ãã©ãŸãŒã«æ žãããªãžã³æ žãªã©ïŒãããã®æ žã«è
ç°åŒçåæ°ŽçŽ ç°ãèåããæ žïŒããã³ãããã®æ ž
ã«è³éŠæçåæ°ŽçŽ ç°ãèåããæ žãããªãã¡ãã€
ã³ãã¬ãã³æ žããã³ãºã€ã³ãã¬ãã³æ žãã€ã³ããŒ
ã«æ žããã³ãºãªããµãŸãŒã«æ žãããããªããµãŸãŒ
ã«æ žããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«æ žãããããã¢ãŸãŒã«
æ žããã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸãŒã«æ žããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«
æ žããããªã³æ žãªã©ãé©çšã§ããããããã®æ žã¯
ççŽ ååäžã«çœ®æãããŠããŠãããã ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãŸãã¯è€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ
ã«ã¯ã±ãã¡ãã¬ã³æ§é ãæããæ žãšããŠããã©ãŸ
ãªã³âïŒâãªã³æ žãããªããã³ãã€ã³æ žãïŒâã
ãªãªããµãŸãªãžã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³æ žããã¢ãŸãª
ãžã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³æ žãããŒããã³æ žãããªã
ã«ãããŒã«é žæ žãªã©ã®ïŒãïŒå¡ç°ç¯ç°æ žãé©çšã
ãããšãã§ããã ïŒå®æœäŸïŒ 宿œäŸ ïŒ (1) 詊æã®èª¿è£œïŒ äžå¡ããæœããåã180ÎŒã®ããªãšãã¬ã³ãã¬
ãã¿ã¬ãŒããã€ã«ã æ¯æäœã®äžã«ãäžèšçµæã®ã
ãã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãå¡åžããæŽã«ãã®äžã«äžèšçµ
æã®ä¿è·å±€ãå¡åžãã也ç¥ããŠçœé»ããã²ã³åé
æå ææã調補ãããä¿è·å±€ã«ã¯æ¬çºæã®ãããª
ã³ç颿޻æ§å€åã¯æ¯èŒçšãããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ãæ·»
å ããã ïŒä¹³å€å±€ïŒ åãïŒçŽ5ÎŒ çµæ 1.5ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®æ²åéãå«ãæ²èåéãŒã©ãã³ä¹³
å€ïŒããã²ã³åéç²åã®å¹³åãµã€ãº1.3ÎŒïŒã«ãã
ã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœã0.6mgã®å¡©åéé žããã³ïŒïŒ
ïŒmgã®ããªç¡«é žãããªãŠã ãå ããŠ60âã§50åé
å ç±ãçæãè¡ãªã€ããåŸãããä¹³å€ã«å®å®å€ãš
ããŠïŒâããããã·âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒïŒïŒïŒ3aïŒ
ïŒâããã©ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãå ããããã«ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€º
ãæ¬çºæã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããå
åç©ããããããïŒÃ10-4molïŒ1molAgãïŒÃ
10-4molïŒ1molAgæ·»å ããã ïŒä¿è·å±€ïŒ åãïŒçŽ1ÎŒ çµæåã³å¡åžé ãŒã©ãã³ 1.5gïŒm2 ïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã«âïŒâ ããããã·âïŒïŒïŒïŒ ïŒâããªã¢ãžã³ãããªãŠã å¡© 10mgïŒm2 ããã·ã«ç¡«é žãããªãŠã 10mgïŒm2 æ¬çºæã®ïŒïŒåã¯ïŒïŒã®ãããªã³ç颿޻
æ§å€å㯠æ¯èŒçšãããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ 60mgïŒm2 (2) 垯é»é²æ¢èœã®å€å®æ³ïŒ 垯é»é²æ¢èœã¯ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯çºçã®æž¬å®ã«ã
ã€ãŠæ±ºãããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯çºç詊éšã¯ããŽã
ã·ãŒãäžã«æªé²å æå ææã®åž¯é»é²æ¢å¶ãå«ã衚
é¢ãäžåãã«ããŠãäžãããŽã ããŒã©ãŒã§å§ç
åŸãå¥é¢ããããšã«ããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãçºç
ãããæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãã ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯çºç詊éšã¯ã25âã25ïŒ RH
ã§è¡ãããªãã詊æã®è©Šéšçã®èª¿æ¹¿ã¯åèšæ¡ä»¶ã§
äžæŒå€è¡ãªã€ãã ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®è©äŸ¡ã¯æ¬¡ã®ïŒæ®µéã®èŠæºã«
åŸã€ãã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®çºçãèªããããªãã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãå°ãçºçããã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãçžåœçºçããã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãèããçºçããã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãå šé¢ã«çºçããã (3) ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æåºŠã®æž¬å®ïŒ 詊æçåã³å€§æ¥æ¬å¡æè£œã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³LTâã
30âã80ïŒ RHã«ãŠïŒæ¥èª¿æ¹¿ããåäžæ¡ä»¶äžã§
LHâã䜿çšããã«ã»ããã«è©Šæçã100æé
ããåŸïŒžç·æ®åœ±ãè¡ãªãæ¿åºŠã ã©ã®åºå ·åã調ã¹
ãã ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æåºŠã®è©äŸ¡ã¯æ¬¡ã®ïŒæ®µéã®èŠæºã«
åŸã€ãã ïŒ¡ïŒæ¿åºŠã ã©ã®çºçãèªããããªãã ïŒ¢ïŒæ¿åºŠã ã©ãå°ãçºçããã ïŒ£ïŒæ¿åºŠã ã©ãçžåœçºçããã ïŒ€ïŒæ¿åºŠã ã©ãèããçºçããã (4) çŸååŠçæ¹æ³ åçç¹æ§è©Šéšãã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®çºççšåºŠã
ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æã®çšåºŠã調ã¹ãããã«ãçŸåæ¶²ãš
ããŠRDâïŒå¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã (æ ª)補ïŒãçšãã
èªåçŸåæ©ã»å¯å£«RNïŒå¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã (æ ª)補ïŒ
ã§90ç§çŸååŠçãããã åŸãããŠçµæã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã
ã衚ã
ã衚ã
第ïŒè¡šã§è©ŠæNo.11ïŒ12ïŒ13ïŒ15ïŒ16ïŒ17ïŒ19ïŒ
20ïŒ21ïŒ23ïŒ24ïŒ25ãæ¬çºæã«çžåœããã詊æïŒ
ãã10ãŸã§14ïŒ18ïŒ22ã¯æ¯èŒã®ããã«å¡åžããã
ãã®ã§ããã 詊æNo.ïŒããïŒã®çµæãããããããã«ãäžè¬
åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®äžããéž
ã°ããå°ããšãäžã€ã®ååç©ãšãæ¯èŒååç©ïŒ¡å
ã¯ïŒ¢ã®ãããªïŒååäžã«ïŒåã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬
ã³éãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ãå«ãä¿è·å±€ã®
çµã¿åããã§ã¯ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æã®çšåºŠã極ããŠæª
ãããŸãçžå¯ŸæåºŠãæžå°ãããŠããŸãã ãšããããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§ç€ºããã
ååç©ã®äžããéžã°ããå°ããšãäžã€ã®ååç©
ãšãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã¯ïŒïŒã®ååç©ãšçµã¿åã
ãããšæ¥µããŠè¯åãããç¹ã«äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®åå
ç©ãšçµã¿åããããšã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æã¯å šãèŠãã
ãªãã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ååç©ã¯ã«ããªå€ã倧ããæžå°
ããã广ããããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ååç©ã¯å¢å
æ¿åºŠã倧ããæžå°ããã广ããããäžè¬åŒ
ïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã®ååç©ã䜵çšããŠããããã
ã®å¹æã倱ãªãããããšã®ãªãããšããããããŸ
ãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã
䜵çšããã€äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãçµ
ã¿åããããšãæããã广ã瀺ãã
20ïŒ21ïŒ23ïŒ24ïŒ25ãæ¬çºæã«çžåœããã詊æïŒ
ãã10ãŸã§14ïŒ18ïŒ22ã¯æ¯èŒã®ããã«å¡åžããã
ãã®ã§ããã 詊æNo.ïŒããïŒã®çµæãããããããã«ãäžè¬
åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®äžããéž
ã°ããå°ããšãäžã€ã®ååç©ãšãæ¯èŒååç©ïŒ¡å
ã¯ïŒ¢ã®ãããªïŒååäžã«ïŒåã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬
ã³éãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ãå«ãä¿è·å±€ã®
çµã¿åããã§ã¯ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æã®çšåºŠã極ããŠæª
ãããŸãçžå¯ŸæåºŠãæžå°ãããŠããŸãã ãšããããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§ç€ºããã
ååç©ã®äžããéžã°ããå°ããšãäžã€ã®ååç©
ãšãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã¯ïŒïŒã®ååç©ãšçµã¿åã
ãããšæ¥µããŠè¯åãããç¹ã«äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®åå
ç©ãšçµã¿åããããšã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³æ±æã¯å šãèŠãã
ãªãã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ååç©ã¯ã«ããªå€ã倧ããæžå°
ããã广ããããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ååç©ã¯å¢å
æ¿åºŠã倧ããæžå°ããã广ããããäžè¬åŒ
ïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã®ååç©ã䜵çšããŠããããã
ã®å¹æã倱ãªãããããšã®ãªãããšããããããŸ
ãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã
䜵çšããã€äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãçµ
ã¿åããããšãæããã广ã瀺ãã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ å°ããšãäžå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€å±€ã«ã
äžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã®äž
ããéžã°ããå°ããšãäžã€ã®ååç©ã嫿ããã
ã€ãäžè¬åŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©
ã®äžããéžã°ããå°ããšãäžã€ã®ããªãªãã·ãšã
ã¬ã³éãæãããããªã³ç颿޻æ§å€ãã該乳å€å±€
åã¯ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«å«ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšã
ãããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ ã¯ççŽ ååãçªçŽ ååãé žçŽ ååãåã³ã€ãª
ãŠååããéžã°ããååã§ããã©ãŸãŒã«ç°ãããª
ã¢ãŸãŒã«ç°ãã€ãããŸãŒã«ç°ããã¢ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«
ç°ããªããµãŸãŒã«ç°ããã³ãºãã¢ãŸãŒã«ç°ããã³
ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«ç°ããã³ãºãªããµãŸãŒã«ç°ãããª
ã³ç°ãã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ç°ãããªã»ããã©ã»ãã³ã¿ã
ãªãžã³ç°ãåã¯ããªããžã³ç°ã圢æããã«å¿ èŠãª
åå矀ã衚ããããŸããã®è€çŽ ç°ã¯çž®åããŠããŠ
ããããåŒäžïŒã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãâNH4åºãã¢ã«ã«ãª
éå±ååã衚ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ åŒäžR1ïŒR2ã¯åãã§ãäºãã«ç°ãªã€ãŠãããã
åã ããããã·åºãããããã·ã«ã¢ããåºãã¢ã
ãåºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºãã¢ãªãŒã«ã¢ããåºãã¢
ã©ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããšããã·
åºãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã¢ã«ãã«ããªåºå
ã¯ããšãã«ããªåºã衚ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ R1ãR2ãR6ãR8ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢
ãªãŒã«åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããã²ã³ååãæãã¯
ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºã衚ããã åãåŒäžR5åã³R7ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«
åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããã²ã³åºãæãã¯ã¹ã«ãã¢
ã¢ã€ã«åºã衚ãããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ããšãã«ç°ã®
眮æåºã¯å·Šå³é察称ã§ãããã R3åã³R4ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºåã¯ã¢ãªãŒ
ã«åºã衚ãããR3ãšR4ãR5ãšR6åã³R7ãšR8ã¯äº
ãã«é£çµããŠç°ã圢æããŠããããn1ãn2ããã
ã³n3ã¯é žåãšãã¬ã³ã®å¹³åéå床ã§ãã€ãŠïŒã50
ã®æ°ã§ããã åãïœã¯å¹³åéå床ã§ãã€ãŠãïŒã50ã®æ°ã§ã
ãã
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18822583A JPS6080839A (ja) | 1983-10-07 | 1983-10-07 | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18822583A JPS6080839A (ja) | 1983-10-07 | 1983-10-07 | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6080839A JPS6080839A (ja) | 1985-05-08 |
| JPH034890B2 true JPH034890B2 (ja) | 1991-01-24 |
Family
ID=16219962
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18822583A Granted JPS6080839A (ja) | 1983-10-07 | 1983-10-07 | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6080839A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0629941B2 (ja) * | 1985-08-22 | 1994-04-20 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPS62113138A (ja) * | 1985-11-12 | 1987-05-25 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| DE3782351T2 (de) | 1986-03-25 | 1993-05-27 | Konishiroku Photo Ind | Lichtempfindliches photographisches silberhalogenidmaterial, das fuer schnelle entwicklung verwendbar ist. |
| JPH0619518B2 (ja) * | 1986-05-07 | 1994-03-16 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | è¯å¥œãªåž¯é»é²æ¢æ§ãæããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPH0786669B2 (ja) * | 1986-05-27 | 1995-09-20 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPH07119946B2 (ja) * | 1986-12-19 | 1995-12-20 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | éç»åã®è²èª¿ãæ¹è¯ããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JP2824717B2 (ja) | 1992-07-10 | 1998-11-18 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®åŠçæ¹æ³ |
| JP2007041376A (ja) | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-15 | Fujifilm Holdings Corp | ããã²ã³åéæå ææããã³ãããå å«ããå è£ äœ |
| WO2025058077A1 (ja) | 2023-09-15 | 2025-03-20 | å¯å£«ãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ååç©ãçµæç©ãæ©èœæ§ææãããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãåã³ãæ¡æ£è»¢ååããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
-
1983
- 1983-10-07 JP JP18822583A patent/JPS6080839A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6080839A (ja) | 1985-05-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4668605A (en) | Method for formation of high contrast negative images | |
| US4751174A (en) | Silver halide photographic material with light-insensitive silver halide emulsion layer | |
| CA1245502A (en) | Process for producing silver halide emulsion and silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing the same | |
| JPH0411013B2 (ja) | ||
| US4797353A (en) | Method for developing of silver halide photographic materials utilizing reduced amounts of organic substances | |
| JPH034890B2 (ja) | ||
| US4624913A (en) | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials | |
| JPH0473858B2 (ja) | ||
| US4874687A (en) | Method for forming an image | |
| JPS6359129B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0327099B2 (ja) | ||
| JP2709646B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãããã³ãã®åŠçæ¹æ³ | |
| US4623615A (en) | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials | |
| JPH0327098B2 (ja) | ||
| JP2876081B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| US4555480A (en) | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing a polyoxyethylene surfactant and a nitron compound | |
| US4772545A (en) | High speed silver halide photographic materials | |
| JP2514064B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPS6140092B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0518090B2 (ja) | ||
| JP2676117B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH07109491B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH03276152A (ja) | èå§æ§ãæ¹è¯ãããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³åŠçæ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0327101B2 (ja) | ||
| GB2054185A (en) | Process of preparing silver halide photographic emulsions |