JPH04503163A - 生物分解性、インシトゥ形成用インプラント及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
生物分解性、インシトゥ形成用インプラント及びその製造方法Info
- Publication number
- JPH04503163A JPH04503163A JP1511223A JP51122389A JPH04503163A JP H04503163 A JPH04503163 A JP H04503163A JP 1511223 A JP1511223 A JP 1511223A JP 51122389 A JP51122389 A JP 51122389A JP H04503163 A JPH04503163 A JP H04503163A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- solvent
- biodegradable
- liquid
- prepolymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
生成分解性、原位置形成用インブラント及びその製造方法
技術分野
この発明は、生物分解性ポリマーを製造する方法及び組成物に関し、特に注射可
能で生体内原位置形成用の固体生物分解性インブラント(移植片)に関する。
背景技術
生物分解性ポリマーは長年に渡り医療用に使用されてきた。例えば、縫合糸、外
科用クリップ、ステープル、移植片、および薬剤送出系用に用いられてきた。こ
れら生物分解性ポリマーの大部分は、グリコリド、ラクチド、ε−カプロラクト
ン、およびそれらの共重合体を主成分とした熱可塑性材料であった。代表的な例
は、シュミット(Schmitt)による米国特許第3,297.033号に記
載されたポリグリコリド縫合糸、シュナイダ−(Schneider)の米国特
許第3,636,956号に記載されたポリ(L−ラクチドーコーグリコリド)
縫合糸、カブラン(Kaplan)らの米国特許第4.523,591号に記載
されたポリ(L−ラクチドーコーグリコリド)外科用クリップおよび縫合糸、お
よびボスウェル(Boswe 11 )らの米国特許第3,773,919号、
ヨレズ(Yolles)の米国特許第3,887,699号、シュミット(Sc
hmitt)の米国特許第4,155゜992号、ピット(Pitt)らの米国
特許第4. 379゜138号、およびシャラバイ(Shalaby)らの米国
特許第4,130.639号および第4,186,189号に記載された薬剤放
出系である。
これらの特許に記載されている生物分解性ポリマーは全て熱可塑性材料である。
従って、それらは加熱して、繊維、クリップ、ステープル、ピン、フィルム、等
のような種々の形状に成形することができる。融点以上に加熱されたときだけ、
これらのポリマーは液体になる。普通の使用中は、それらは固体である。
熱硬化性生物分解性ポリマーも、これまでに医療用に使用することが記載されて
きた。これらのポリマーは、高温で溶融しない、又は流動性液体を生成しない高
分子量材料をもたらす橋かけ反応によって生成されてきた。これら材料の代表的
な例は、ホテテトラー(Hostettler)による米国特許第2,933.
477号およびホステトラ−らの米国特許第3゜186.971号に記載されて
いる橋かけポリウレタンである。ε−カプロラクトンおよびL−ラクチド又は過
酸化物開始剤により橋かけされたDL−ラクチドを主成分とした共重合体は、シ
ンクレア(Sinclair)による米国特許第4,045,418号および第
4.057,537号に開示された。橋かけカプロラクトン共重合体は、ピット
(Pitt)らの米国特許第4,379,138号に記載されているようにビス
ラクトンを単量体フィードに混合することによって調製されてきた。ε−カプロ
ラクトンとε−バレロラクトンのトリヒドロキシ−官能性共重合体は、ピットら
(Pitt et al、、 J、Polym、Sci、 :Part A:P
olym Chem、 25:955−966;1987)によって記載されて
いるように、ジイソシアネートと橋かけさせることによって生物分解性ポリマー
を与えている。
これらのポリマーも橋かけ又は硬化されたときには固体である。
これらの2つのクラスの生物分解性ポリマーは多くの有用な生物医学用途を有す
るけれども、人間、動物、鳥、魚、および爬虫類の動物のような体内に使用する
場合には、2.3の重要な制約がある。これらのポリマーは固体であるために、
それらの使用を含む全ての場合に、最初に対外で重合体構造物を成形して、それ
を体内に挿入する必要があった。例えば、縫合糸、クリップおよびステープルは
全て、使用前に熱可塑性生物分解性ポリマーから成形される。体内に挿入された
とき、それらはそれらが最も必要な空所又は空洞を充てんするよりもむしろ元の
形を保持する。
同様に、これらの生物分解性重合体を使用する薬剤放出系も体外で成形しなけれ
ばならない。かかる場合の薬剤はポリマーの中に混合して、その混合体を移植用
の円筒形、円板又は繊維のような形に成形する。かかる固体移植片の場合、薬剤
放出装置は切開して体内に挿入しなければならない。これらの切り口はしばしば
、必要以上に大きくてかかる移植片や薬剤送出装置を許容するのに患者の不本意
を伴う。
これらポリマーの場合における切開を回避する唯一の方法は、ポリマーを小粒子
、微細球又はマイクロカプセルとして注入することができる。これらは体内に放
出できる薬剤を含む又は含まない。これらの小粒子は体内に注射器で注入するこ
とができるけれども、それらは生物分解性移植片の要件を必ずしも満たしていな
い。それらは粒子であるので、人工装具に必要な構造的一体性を備えた連続的な
膜又は固体移植片を形成しない。かなりの流体流があるところの口、歯周ポケッ
ト(のう)、目又は腟のような体の空洞部に挿入されるとき、これらの小粒子微
小球、又はマイクロカプセルは小さくて不連続性のために保持するのが困難であ
る。さらに、これらのポリマーから調製それて体内へ放出する薬剤を含有してい
る微小球やマイクロカプセルは、大量生産が困難の場合があるし、またそれらの
貯蔵および注入特性に問題がある。さらに、マイクロカプセルや小粒系の別の大
きな制約は、広範囲の外科的関与なしにそれらが可逆性に欠けることである。す
なわち、それらの注入後に合併症がある場合には、それらを体内から除去するの
が一体移植片の場合よりもかなり、困難になる。
従って、前述の制約を解消するのに有効な生物分解性重合体構造物を提供する方
法および組成物の要求がある。
さらに、人工装具および/または制御された放出システムとして使用することが
できる注入可能で生体内原位置成形性の生物分解性固体インブラント(移植片)
を提供する方法および組成物の要求がある。
また、軟質組織および硬質組織の両方に使用できるべく軟質から硬質に至る範囲
の性質を有する移植片を提供できるような方法および組成物の要求がある。
発明の開示
本発明は、例えば注入器および、注射針を介して液体として投与できるが、投与
後短時間で凝結又は硬化する人工移植片(インブラント)および制御された放出
、薬剤放出システムとして生物分解性ポリマーの製造および使用に関する。移植
片は生物分解性ポリマーおよび2種類のポリマー系である熱可塑性および熱可塑
性ポリマー系からなる共重合体から作られるので、生物分解性である。
熱可塑性系は、固体の直鎖、生物分解性ポリマー又は共重合体を非毒性で水混和
性の溶媒に溶解させて液体溶液を生成するものである。その重合体溶液は十分な
水分が存在する体内に入ると、溶媒がその重合体から消散又は拡散して、固体構
造物に凝結又は凝固する重合体を残す。その溶液の配置は、筋肉や脂肪のような
軟質組織、骨のような硬質組織、歯周、口、腟、直腸、鼻のような空洞、或いは
歯周ポケット(のう)や目の盲のうのようなポケットを含む体内の全ての場合に
することができる。薬剤放出システムに対しては、生物活性剤をポリマー溶液に
添加し、そこでそれを溶解させて均一溶液を生成させるか、或いは分散させてポ
リマー溶液内に薬剤の懸濁系又は分散系を生成させる。ポリマー溶液が体液又は
水にさらされると、溶媒はポリマーと薬剤の混合体から拡散し、水はその混合体
中へ拡散し、そこでポリマーを凝結させることによって薬剤をポリマー・マトリ
ックス内の移植片の凝固剤として捕獲又はカプセル化する。次にその薬剤の放出
は通常の規則に従って薬剤をポリマー・マトリックス内から拡散又は消散させる
。
本発明の別の実施態様、すなわち、生物分解性であって生体内原位置で生成、硬
化できる橋かけ性ポリマーの合成からなる熱硬化性系も提供される。熱硬化性系
は、溶媒を含まずかつ一般に硬化用触媒を添加してその場所で硬化して固体とな
る反応性、液体オリゴマー重合体からなる。
熱硬化系に有用な多官能性ポリマーは、最初に多官能性ポリオール開始剤と触媒
を使用してDL−ラクチド又はL−ラクチドとE−カプロラクトンとの共重合体
を介して合成して、ポリオール末端プレポリマーを生成する。そのポリオール末
端プレポリマーは、次にショツテン−バウマン法に類似の方法、すなわちハロゲ
ン化アシルとアルコールとの反応を介してアルコール末端塩化アクリロールでの
アシル化によってアクリル・エステルで終わるプレポリマーに転化させる。その
アクリル・エステル末端プレポリマーも、種々の他の方法(限定ではない)、例
えばカルボン酸(すなわち、アクリル酸又はメタクリル酸)とアルコールとの反
応、カルボン酸エステル(すなわち、アクリル酸メチル又はメタクリル酸メチル
)とアルコールとのエステル交換反応による反応、およびアクリル酸イソシアナ
ートアルキル(すなわち、メタクリル酸イソシアナートエチル)とアルコールと
の反応を含む方法で合成される。
アクリル酸液体プレポリマーは、過酸化ベンゾイル又はアゾビスイソブチルニト
リルを添加してさらに固体の構造体に硬化させることが望ましい。従って、これ
らの架橋性ポリマーを利用する移植片の場合には、体内に注入する直前にアクリ
ル末端液体プレポリマーに触媒を添加する。−置体内に入ると、ポリマーが凝固
する十分な分子量が得られるまで橋かけ反応が進行する。液体プレポリマーは注
入されたときにそれが配置される空洞又は空所に流入して、凝固する形をとる。
この系を利用する薬剤放出のために、非触媒化状態においてその液体ポリマーに
生物活性剤を添加する。
熱可塑性系と熱硬化系の両方において、液体添加の利点が得られる。例えば、ポ
リマーは注射針によって液体状態で体内に注入して、生体内原位置に残って固体
の生物分解性移植片構造物を形成する。切開する必要がなく、インブラントはそ
の空洞の形をとる。さらに、注入前にその液体に生物活性剤を添加することによ
って薬剤放出ビヒクルを提供することができる。インブラントが一旦形成される
と、そのビヒクルは生物活性剤を体内に放出して、生物分解する。用語「生物活
性剤」は体に効果を与えることができる薬剤又は他の物質を意味する。
従って、生物分解性ポリマーを生成する方法及び組成物を提供することが本発明
の目的である。
また、注入可能で生体内原位置で形成する固体の生物分解性インブラントの生成
に有用なポリマーを提供することが本発明の目的である。
さらに、本発明の目的は、生物活性剤の制御放出デリベリ系に使用できるような
インブラントを提供することにある。
さらに本発明の目的は、軟質組織と硬質組織の両方に使用できるようにするため
、軟質および弾性から硬質および剛性の範囲の性質を有するインブラントを提供
することにある。
図面の簡単な説明
第1図は、アクリル酸塩末端プレポリマーの合成および後続の遊離基開始剤によ
る橋かけを示し;第2図は、ジオールで開始されたε−カブラクトンとL−ラク
チドのランダム共重合体の構造を示し、第1表は合成された二官能性PLCプレ
ポリマーの摘要であり;
第2表は合成されたアクリルエステル末端プレポリマーの摘要であり、そして
第3表は硬化の研究の摘要である。
発明を実施するための最良の形態
本発明は、生物分解性の生体内原位置形成インブラント(移植片)および該移植
片の製造方法に関する。また、本発明は、体内に注入してそこで固体となりかつ
生物活性剤を制御された速度で放出する液体の生物分解性重合体デリベリ系(シ
ステム)に関する。2種類の生物分解性重合体系、すなわち生物適合性溶媒に溶
解された熱可塑性ポリマーと、溶媒を使用しないで液体である熱硬化性ポリマー
を説明する。
A、熱可塑性系
固体の線状生物分解性ポリマーを生物適合性溶媒に溶解させて液体を生成させ、
それを注射針によって投与できる熱可塑性系を提供する。この用途に使用できる
生物分解性ポリマーとしては、例えばポリラクチド、ポリグリコリド、ポリカプ
ロラクトン、ポリ無水物、ポリアミド、ポリウレタン、ポリエステルアミド、ポ
リオルトエステル、ポリジオキサノン、ポリアセタール、ポリケタール、ポリカ
ーボネート、ポリオルトカーボネート、ポリホスファゼン、ポリヒドロブチラー
ド、ポリヒドロキシセルロース、ポリ修酸アルキレン、ポリコハク酸アルキレン
、ポリマレイン酸、ポリアミノ酸、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエチレングリコ
ール、ポリヒドロキシセルロース、キチン、キトサン、および前記物質の共重合
体、ターポリマー、又は混合体がある。好適なポリマーは結晶化度が低くて、よ
り疎水性のものである。これらのポリマーおよび共重合体は、水素結合度の高い
ポリグリコリドおよびキチンのような高結晶性ポリマーよりも生物適合性溶媒に
溶は易い。所望の溶解度パラメーターを有する好適な物質は、溶解度を高める非
結晶質領域が多くの存在するグリコリドと共に、ポリラクチド、ポリカプロラク
トンおよびこれらの共重合体である。
生物分解性ポリマー用溶媒は無毒で水混和性そして生物適合性であることが望ま
しい。有毒な溶媒は、それを生体に注入するために使用してはならない。
また、溶媒は、それが移植の部位で激しい組織の刺激や壊死をもたらさないよう
に生物適合性でなければならない。さらに、溶媒は、それが体液内に迅速に拡散
して水をポリマー溶液中に浸透させてそれを凝固させるように水混和性にする必
要がある。かかる溶媒としては、例えばN−メチル−2−ピロリドン、2−ピロ
リドン、エタノール、プロピレングリコール、アセトン、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチ
ル、メチルエチルケトン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、テト
ラヒドロフラン、カプロラクタム、デシルメチルスルホキシド、オレイン酸およ
び1−ドデシルアザシクロへブタン−2−ワンがある。
望ましい溶媒は、溶媒和能および相容性の点からN−メチル−2−ピロリドン、
2−ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシドおよびアセトンである。
種々の溶媒における生物分解性ポリマーの溶解度は、それらの結晶化度、親水性
、水素結合性および分子量に依存して変わる。従って、生物分解性ポリマーの全
てが同一溶媒に可溶性ではなくて、各ポリマー又は共重合体は最適溶媒をもつ筈
である。低分子量のポリマー程、一般に高分子量のポリマーよりも溶媒に容易に
溶解する。その結果、各種溶媒に溶解されるポリマーの濃度はポリマーの種類お
よびその分子量に依存して変わる。逆に言うと、高分子量のポリマー程、極低分
子量のポリマーより速く凝固する傾向にある。さらに、高分子量のポリマー程、
低分子量の物質よりも高い溶液粘度を与える傾向がある。従って、最適の注入効
率のためには、溶媒におけるポリマーの分子量および濃度は制御しなげればなら
ない。
例えば、乳酸の縮合によって生成された低分子量のポリ乳酸はN−メチル−2−
ピロリドン(NMP)に溶解して73重量%溶液を与える、この溶液は23番ゲ
ージの注射針を容易に流通するが、一方DL−ラクチドの付加重合によって生成
したより高分子量のポリ(DL−ラクチド)(DL−PLA)はNMPに僅か5
0重量%で溶解させたとき同一の溶液粘度を与える。高分子量のポリマー溶液は
水に入れたとき直ちに凝固する。低分子量のポリマー溶液は、より高濃度である
けれども水に入れたとき極めてゆっくり凝固する。
ゆっくり凝固する傾向のポリマーには、凝固速度を高める溶媒混合体を使用する
ことができる。従って、その混合体の1つの液体成分はポリマーに良好な溶媒で
あって、別の成分は悪い溶媒又は非溶媒である。その2つの液体は、ポリマーが
なお可溶性であるが生理的環境下の水のような非溶媒の最少の増加で析出するよ
うな比率で混合させる。必要によっては、その溶媒系はポリマーと水の両方と混
和性でなければならない。かかる2元溶媒系の例は、低分子量のDL−PLAに
NMPとエタノールの使用である。NMP/ポリマー溶液へのエタノールの添加
はその凝固速度を著しく増す。
極めて高濃度の高分子量ポリマーを含有する溶液はしばしばより希薄な溶液より
もゆっくり凝固することもわかった。高濃度のポリマーはポリマー・マトリック
ス内からの溶媒の拡散を抑制し、その結果水のマトリックス中への浸透を防ぎ、
そこでそれがポリマー連鎖を析出させることができると感じられる。従って、溶
媒がポリマー溶液から拡散できて、水が中に浸透してポリマーを凝固させる最適
濃度がある。
熱可塑性系の1つのもくろんだ使用において、そのポリマー溶液を注射器に入れ
針を通して体内に注入する。一旦所定の場所に入ると、溶媒は消散し、残りのポ
リマーは凝固して固体構造物が形成される。
そのインブラントは機械的な力によって周囲の組織や骨に付着して、その回りの
空洞の形をとる。従って、生物分解性ポリマー溶液はコラーゲンのように皮下に
注入して組織を形成する又は欠陥部に充てんすることができる。やけどを含む傷
の中に注入して深い鍛痕の形成を防ぐこともできる。コラーゲンと異なり、イン
ブラントの分解時間は、選んだポリマーおよびその分子量に依存して数週間から
数年に変えることができる。注入自在のポリマー溶液は、骨の欠陥を直したり、
水酸化リン灰石栓のような他の固体生物分解性インブラントを骨の隙間に挿入す
るときに連続マトリックスを提供するためにも使用できる。さらに注入自在のポ
リマーは、組織と人工装具の機械的結合又は被包によって組織と組織又は他のイ
ンブラントと組織の結合にも使用できる。
熱可塑性系の別の用途は薬剤デリベリ系を提供することである。この用途におい
て、生物活性剤は注入前にポリマー溶液へ添加して、ポリマー/溶媒/生物活性
剤の混合体を体内に注入する。場合によっては、薬剤を溶媒に可溶性にし、ポリ
マーと薬剤の均一溶液を注入に利用することもできる。別の場合には、薬剤を溶
媒に不溶性にして、ポリマー溶液における薬剤の懸濁又は分散系にする。この懸
濁液又は分散液も体内に注入することができる。いずれの場合にも、溶媒は消散
しポリマーは凝固して、固体マトリックス内に薬剤を捕獲する。これらの固体イ
ンブラントからの薬剤の放出は、一体構造のポリマー・デバイスから薬剤を放出
するのと同一の一般的法則に従う。薬剤の放出は、インブラントの大きさ及び形
状、インブラント内の薬剤の充てん、薬剤および特定のポリマーを含む透過性、
ポリマーの分解に左右される。放出のために選んだ生物活性に依存して、前記の
パラメーターは、当業者によって必要な速度および放出期間を与えるように調節
することができる。
ここでの用語「薬剤又は生物活性剤は、限定ではないが体内で局部的又は全身的
に作用する生理的又は薬理的に活性な物質を含む。注入可能、生体内原位置形成
用固体インブラント系と併用される代表的な薬剤および生物活性剤は、限定では
ないがペプチド薬剤、タンパク質薬剤、減感剤、抗原、ワクチン、抗感染剤、抗
生物質、抗菌物質、抗アレルギー剤、ステロイドの抗炎剤、うっ血除去剤、縮瞳
剤、コリン抑制剤、交感神経作用剤、鎮静剤、催眠剤、神経興奮剤、トランキラ
イザー、アンドロゲン・ステロイド、エストロゲン、プロゲストロン剤、体液剤
、ブロスタングランジン、鎮痛剤、けいれん抑制剤、抗マラリア剤、抗ヒスタミ
ン剤、心臓活性剤、非ステロイド系抗炎剤、抗パーキンソン剤、抗高血圧剤、β
−アドレナリン作用抑制剤、栄養剤およびペンゾフエナントリジン・アルカロイ
ドを含む。当業者には、水性環境下で放出できる他の薬剤又は生物活性剤を前記
注入可能デリベリ系に利用することができる。また、種々の形態の薬剤や生物活
性剤も使用することができる。これらは、限定を意味しないが、体内に注入した
ときに生物学的に活性化される非装入分子、分子複合体、塩類、エーテル、エス
テル、アミド等を含む。
注入可能な生体内原位置固体形成インブラントに混合される薬剤又は生物活性剤
の量は、必要な放出曲線、生物学的作用に必要な薬剤の濃度、および薬剤を治療
のために放出しなければならない時間の長さに依存する。注射針を介して注入す
るための許容できる溶液又は分散液の粘度を除いて、ポリマー溶液に混合される
薬剤の量に決定的な上限はない。デリベリ系に混合される薬剤の下限は、単純に
治療に必要な薬剤の活性と時間に依存する。
全ての場合に、注入可能なポリマー溶液内に形成された固体インブラントは体内
で徐々に分解して本来の組織を成長させ、それが消失する際に嵌入物に代わる。
従って、材料を軟質組織の欠陥に注入するとき、その材料はその欠陥を充てんし
て、成長するコラーゲン組織の骨格を提供する。このコラーゲン組織は徐々に生
物分解性ポリマーと置換する。骨のような硬質組織の場合、生物分解性ポリマー
は新しい骨細胞の成長を支える。そしてその骨細胞も分解するポリマーと徐々に
置換する。薬剤放出系に対して、注入可能系から形成された固体インブラントは
そのマトリックス内に含まれた薬剤を制御された速度で薬剤が消耗するまで放出
する。薬剤によっては、ポリマーは薬剤が完全に放出された後に分解する。
ペプチドやタンパク質のような他の薬剤の場合には、薬剤は、ポリマーがその非
拡散性薬剤が体液にさらされる時点まで分解した後だけ完全に放出される。
B、熱硬化性系
注入自在、生体内原位置形成生物分解性インブラントは適当に機能化した生物分
解性ポリマーを架橋することによっても生成することができる。熱硬化性系は、
一般に硬化触媒の添加により原位置において硬化して固体を形成する反応性、液
体オリゴマー・ポリマーからなる。熱可塑性系について前述した生物分解性ポリ
マーは全て使用できるが、限定規準はこれらポリマー又は共重合体の低分子量オ
リゴマーは液体でなければならないこと、およびそれらがプレポリマーの端部に
塩化アクリロイルと反応してアクリルエステルを結合したプレポリマーを生成で
きる官能基をもつ必要があることである。
好適な生物分解性系は、ポリ(DL−ラクチドーコーカブロラクトン)、又はr
DLClから生成されるものである。これらの材料から生成される低分子量ポリ
マー又はオリゴマーは室温で流動性液体である。水酸基末端PLCプレポリマー
は、DL−ラクチド又はL−ラクチドおよびε−カプロラクトンの、多官能性ポ
リオール開始剤および触媒での共重合によって合成される。これらプレポリマー
の調製に有用な触媒は塩基性又は中性エステル交換(エステル交換反応)触媒が
望ましい。ギ酸、酢酸、ラウリン酸、ステアリン酸、および安息香酸のような1
8個までの炭素原子を含有するカルボン酸の金属エステルが普通かかる触媒とし
て使用される。オクト酸第−スズおよび塩化第一スズは、FDAコンプライアン
スおよび性能のために望ましい触媒である。
二官能性ポリエステルが望ましい場合には、エチレングリコールのような二官能
性連鎖開始剤が使用される。トリメチロールプロパンのような三官能性開始剤は
三官能性ポリマー等を生成する。使用した連鎖開始剤の量が得られるポリマー又
は共重合体の分子量を決める。連鎖開始剤の高濃度において、1つの二官能性開
始剤分子が1つだけのポリマー連鎖を開始させると仮定する。一方、二官能性開
始剤の濃度が極めて低いとき、開始剤分子の各々は2つのポリマー連鎖を開始で
きる。この例において、二官能性開始剤1個当り1つだけのポリマー連鎖が開始
されると仮定した。この仮定はプレポリマーに対する理論的分子量の計算を可能
にする。
合成された二官能性PLOプレポリマーのリストを第1表に示す。窒素雰囲下の
フラスコ内で適当量のDL−ラクチド、ε−カプロラクトン、およびエチレング
リコールを混合し、155℃の油浴中で加熱してそれらの単量体を融解、混合し
た。0.03〜0.05重量%のS n CI 2の添加によって共重合反応を
触媒した。その反応を一晩行った。プレポリマーのヒドロキシル数は標準滴定法
によって決定した。液体プレポリマーのガードナー・ホルト(Gardner−
Holdt)粘度もASTM D 1545に記載の方法によって測定した。最
高の分子量(MW=5000)のプレポリマーは室温で固体であった、従ってそ
のガードナー−ホルト粘度は測定できなかった。
ジオール・プレポリマーは、第2図に示し第2表に要約したように、ショツテン
−バウマンに似た条件下で塩化アクリロイルとの反応を介してアクリル・エステ
ル・結合プレポリマーに転化された。ジオール・プレポリマーをアクリル・エス
テル・結合プレポリマーに転化する他の方法も用いることができる。
アシル化反応における溶媒としてTHFおよびジクロロメタンを評価した。TH
Fを溶媒として使用したとき、2.3の問題に遭遇した。その反応における副産
物として生成したトリエチルアミン・ヒドロクロリドは、反応混合物から濾過に
よって効率的に除去できなかった程微細になった。トリエチルア特許第4.40
5.798号)。2.3の場合に、必要があった。THFにおいて行なう反応に
は、最わかった、そして有機部分は濾過換水で直接抽出することができた。
ジオールおよびアクリルのプレポリマーは共にIRおよびIHNMR分光法によ
って検査した。
吸光度が現われる。これらの新しい吸光度はアクリ明白であって、ビニル・プロ
トンに対する特徴的共鳴は5.9〜6.6ppmの範囲にある。
アクリル・プレポリマーおよびジオール・プレポリマーは、次に第3表に要約し
たように硬化させた。
それらのプレポリマーの一般的な硬化方法を記載すると、小ビーカーに入れたア
クリル・プレポリマーのBP溶液を添加する前にプレポリマーへ充てん材又はさ
らに追加のアクリル単量体を添加した。それらの混合物は十分にかくはんした後
、小ペトリ皿に注入した。それらのペトリ皿は硬化用の予熱真空炉に入れた。試
料のいくつかは真空中ではなくて、空気中で硬化した。これらの試料は第3表に
示す。
この熱硬化性系は生物分解性インブラントが必要な所に全て使用できる。例えば
、プレポリマーは硬化剤の添加後短時間の間液体のままであるから、液体プレポ
リマーと硬化剤の混合物は注射器に入れて体内に注入できる。次にその混合物は
その場所で凝固することによって切開することなくインブラントを提供する。さ
らに、薬剤デリベリ系は、注入前にプレポリマーへ生物活性剤を添加することに
よって提供される。−互生体内原位置に入ると、その系は硬化して固体になる;
そして最終的には、生物分解し、生物活性剤が徐々に放出される。
実施例の詳細な説明
次の実施例は本発明の代表例として示す。この開示、図面および請求の範囲から
これらおよび他の実施態様がありうることは明白であるから、これらの実施例は
本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。
実施例1
ポリ(DL−乳酸)は乳酸の簡単な重縮合によって調製した。触媒は使用しなか
った、そして反応時間を変えて異なる理論分子量をもったポリマーを生成した。
これらのポリマーはDL−PLAオリゴマーと呼んだ。ポリマーと溶媒との比6
8:32を与えるために所定量の固体オリゴマーをNMPに溶解した。塩化サン
ギナリン(SaCl) 、特に歯周病原体に抗菌活性をもったペンゾフエナント
リジン・アルカロイドをポリマー溶液に添加して全混合体に薬剤の2重量%分散
液を与えた。薬剤とポリマー溶液の分散液を次に針のない無菌使い捨て注射器で
透析管(直径11.5mm)に注入した。長さ15cm(6in)の透析管の各
端部を結節して薬剤/ポリマーの損失を防ぎ、注入材をもった透析管を37℃に
保ったpH7のソレンソン(5orenson)の緩衝液受は入れ流体中に配置
した。その受け入れ流体に浸漬すると、薬剤/ポリマーの塊は固体塊に凝固した
、そして薬剤は受け入れ流体中でオレンジ−赤色によって示されたようにポリマ
ーから放出し始めた。透析管に注入された溶液の量は約250μL又は約lOO
■の固体分であった。
透析管は約3,500の分子量カットオフを有するように選択した。この分子量
カットオフで、ポリマーから放出されたSac 1は管の壁を容器に拡散できた
が、固体ポリマーは全て保持された。薬剤/ポリマー・マトリックスを含有する
透析管はしばしば取り出して新鮮な受入れ流体のびんに入れた。放出した薬剤を
含有する古い受入れ流体はpH2,76と酸性化して、全ての放出薬剤を最小イ
オンの形の薬剤に転化し、薬剤の濃度を波長237nmで紫外吸収(UV)を測
定することによって決定した。次に放出された薬剤の累積塊および累積割合を計
算して、時間の関数としてプロットした。薬剤の約60%が最初の日に放出され
、2日後に72%、5日後に85%、9日後に90%そして14日後に97%放
出された。
実施例2
エトキシジヒドロサンギナリン(SaEt)(サンギナリンのエタノール・エス
テル)を実施例1で記載したものと同一のDL−PLAオリゴマー/NMP溶液
に添加した。5aEtはポリマー溶液に溶解して薬剤とポリマーの均一溶液を与
えた。その溶液的250μLを受入れ流体に添加して、実施例1のように薬剤の
放出を測定した。SaE tの放出は、その水溶解度が低いためにSac lの
場合よりも低かった。最初の日に約45%、2日後に52%、5日後に60%、
9日後に70%、そして14日後に80%放出された。
実施例3
固有粘度0.08dL/gおよび理論分子量2゜000を有する。ポリ(DL−
ラクチド)は、開始剤としてラウリルアルコールそして触媒として塩化第一スズ
を使用してDL−ラクチドの開環重合によって調製した。次にこのポリマーをN
MPに溶解して40重量%のポリマー溶液を得た。NMP中のこのポリマー溶液
にSac lを分散させて、その溶液に薬剤1.5重量%の分散液を得た、そし
て放出速度を実施例1のように測定した。この高分子量ポリマーからの薬剤の放
出速度はDL−PLAオリゴマーからより遅かった。1日後に約32%、2日後
に40%、5日後に45%、そして15日後に50%放出された。
実施例4
実施例3に記載のものと同一のNMP中DL−PLAのポリマー溶液に5aEt
を添加した。1.5重量%の薬剤を有する均一溶液を得た。実施例1と同−の方
法によって測定されたこの溶液からの薬剤の放出は、DL−PLAオリゴマーか
らよりも著しく遅い5aEtの放出であった。1日後約8%、2日後14%、5
日後20%、9日後23%、そして14日後28%放出された。
実施例5
ポリマー溶液からの薬剤の放出に及ぼす薬剤袋てんの影響は、5aC1をNMP
中4中型0重量%L−PLAに添加することによって実証された。薬剤をポリマ
ー溶液に分散させて、2.7および14重量%の分散液を得た。実施例1と同一
の方法を用いたこれら混合物からの薬剤の放出は、拡散放出によりマトリックス
放出系に対して通常得られるように、薬剤の装てん量が多い程、低い放出速度を
与えることを示した。2%装てん混合物は1日後65%放出、2日後75%、5
日後88%の放出をした;7%装てん混合物は1日後48%放出、2日後52%
、5日後85%;そして14%装てん混合物は1日後38%放出、2日後43%
、そして5日後49%放出した。
実施例6
ポリ(DL−ラクチドーコーグリコリド)は、開始剤としてラウリルアルコール
そして触媒として塩化第一スズを使用してDL−ラクチドとグリコリドの混合体
の開環重合によって調製した。それらの2つの単量体の割合は、最終の共重合体
(DL−PLO)が核磁気共鳴分光光度計法で測定して2つの単量体比が50
: 50を有するように調節した。開始剤も1500ダルトンの理論分子量を有
した共重合体を与えるように調節した。その共重合体をNMPに溶解して70重
量%のポリマー溶液を得た。この溶液にSac 1を添加して、重合体溶液中に
薬剤2重量%の分散液を得た。この混合物からの薬剤の放出は実施例1で記載し
た方法によって測定した。この共重合体からの放出速度は、DL−PLAオリゴ
マー又はDL−PLA2000分子量の材料からよりも著しく低かった。2日後
に約7%の薬剤を放出し、5日後に10%、7日後に12%そして14日後に1
6%放出した。
実施例7
実施例6に記載のものと同一のNMP中のDL−PLGの溶液に5aEtを添加
して薬剤2重量%の溶液を得た。この混合物からの薬剤の放出は前述と同一の方
法によって測定した。この混合物からの5aEtの放出速度は実施例6で記載し
た5aC1の場合と同一であった。
実施例8
実施例6で記載のものと同一のNMP中DL−PLGの溶液に遊離塩基としてテ
トラサイクリン(TCB)を添加した。その薬剤をポリマー溶液に完全に溶解し
て、薬剤の2.4重量%溶液を得た。この混合物からの薬剤の放出は、受入れ流
体がpH2゜76に酸性化しなかったこと及びTCBの濃度を薬剤に適当な波長
でUV吸収によって測定したことを除いて、実施例1と類似の方法で測定した。
この混合物からのTCBの放出は、同じ共重合体からの5aC1又は5aEtの
場合よりも直線的かつ著しく高い速度であった。1日後に約44%の薬剤が放出
され、2日後に54%、5日後に68%、6日後に73%、7日後に80%、9
日後に87%、12ヨ後に96%、そして14日後に100%放出された。
実施例9
塩酸基としてテトラサイクリンを実施例6で記載したものと同一のNMP中DL
−PLGの溶液に添加した。塩の形の薬剤もポリマー溶液に完全に溶解した。こ
の混合物からの薬剤の放出は実施例8で説明したように測定した、そして少し遅
い速度であることを除いて遊離塩基の場合に類似することがわかった。1日後に
約32%の薬剤が放出され、2日後に40%、5日後に57%、6日後に64%
、7日後に75%、9日後に82%、12日後に92%、そして14日後に10
0%放出された。
実施例10
開始剤としてラウリルアルコールそして触媒として塩化第一スズを使用し、DL
−ラクチドの開環重合によって固有粘度0.26dL/gと理論分子量約10.
000ダルトンを有するDL−PLAを調製した。そのポリマーをNMPに溶解
して50重量%のポリマー溶液を得た。所定量(100μL)のポリマー溶液を
ウナギに皮下注射し、組織反応をUSPのネガティブ・プラスチックの場合と比
較した。
試験部位は、ドレイズ(Draize)法に従って、注入直後、注入後1時間お
よび6時間に、そして1日後7日、14日又は21日後に犠牲にされるまで局部
刺激の徴候を評価した。試験部位における反応は対照のUSPネガティブ・プラ
スチックでの反応と同一であった。そのポリマー溶液(100μL)はピーグル
犬の歯抜去によって生じた部位の歯肉下にも投与した。対照部位は塩水溶液を流
した。それらの犬は毎日死亡の徴候、薬剤毒性作用、体重および局部歯肉刺激(
炎症)の徴候を検査した。動物は15日と21日後に犠牲にされた。対照部位と
試験部位との間にははっきりした差異は認められなかった。
実施例11
固有粘度0126 d L/gと分子量約10,000を有するDL−PLAを
NMPに溶解して50重量%のポリマー溶液を得た。そのポリマー溶液に5aC
1を添加して2.4重量%の分散液を得た。
この材料を23番ゲージの鋭い注射針を装着したICCの使い捨て注射器に装て
んし、その材料をグレーバウンド犬の歯周ポケットに注入した。その材料は狭い
注射針の先端から容易に流れた。ポリマーは、ポケット(歯のう)内のサルビア
および流体と接触すると凝固して膜又は固体を形成した。犬は2週間に渡って観
察し、その間材料塊は歯のう内に残り、歯のうの周囲の組織に付着し、淡いオレ
ンジ色から淡白色へのゆっくり変色した。インブラントを含む歯のうの歯肉のう
流体は、この2週間の間中ペリオストリップ(これは歯根ポケットの入口に配置
して該ポケット(歯のう)内の歯肉のう流体の少量を取り出す小さな紙のストリ
ップである)を使用して試料採取した。収集した流体の体積はペーパー・ストリ
ップのコンダクタンスの変化を測定するペリオドロン(Periotron)を
使用して決定される。ペリオドロンは使用前に既知体積の血清で校正する。収集
した流体を含有するペーパー・ストリップは次にメタノール中0.5%(体積)
の塩酸溶液で抽出して、液体クロマトグラフに注入し、そこで既知濃度の同一化
合物と比較することによって薬剤の量を決定する。ペーパーΦストリップから抽
出したSac lの量は収集した歯肉のう流体の量によって割って流体中の薬剤
の濃度を計算する。この方法で歯周ポケットから歯肉のう流体内のSac lの
濃度は2週間の観察中はとんど一定であることが測定された。歯肉のう流体の5
aC1濃度は3日後が63.2μg/m L s 7日後が80.2μg/mL
、10日後が67.8μg/mLそして14日後が70−5μg/mLであった
。
実施例12
末端がアクリレートのプレポリマーを合成する方法を説明する。添加漏斗、ガス
吸入アダプター、機械的かくはんアセンブリ、およびゴム隔膜を備えた炉乾燥を
した500mLの3首丸底フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下で二官能性の水酸基末端プ
レポリマー100.0gと新しく蒸留したTHF (CaFから)200mLを
添加した。そのフラスコを水浴で冷却して、乾燥トリエチルアミン24mL (
0,95当量/当量OH)を注入器によって添加した。添加用漏斗にTHF15
mL中塩化アクリロイル15.4g(0,95当量/当量OH)を装入し、その
溶液をかくはんした反応混合体に1時間かけて滴下した。
その混合体を一晩かくはんし、室温にした。沈殿した塩酸トリエチルアミンは濾
過により除去し、濾液を真空中で蒸発させて淡黄色の油を得た、それは末端がア
クリレートのプレポリマーであった。同様の1時間短縮された、その際反応混合
体は1時間を要ポリマーのびんを箔で包んで冷蔵庫に貯蔵して早朝の橋かけを防
いだ。
FIB、1
−1」
国際調査報告
Claims (45)
- 1.(a)生物適合性溶媒に非反応性ポリマーを溶解させて液体を生成する工程 ; (b)前記液体を生体内に配置する工程;および (c)前記生物適合性溶媒を消散させて、固体インプラントを形成させる工程か らなることを特徴とする、生体内原位置にインプラントを形成する方法。
- 2.前記ポリマーは、本質的にポリアクチド、ポリグリコリド、ポリカプロラク トン、ポリジオキサノン、ポリカーボネート、ポリヒドロキシブチラート、ポリ 修酸アルキレン、ポリ無水物、ポリアミド、ポリエステルアミド、ポリウレタン 、ポリアセテート、ポリケタノール、ポリオルトカーボネート、ポリホスフアゼ ン、ポリヒドロキシバレラート、ポリコハク酸アルキレン、ポリマレイン酸、ポ リアミノ酸、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエチレン・グリコール、ポリヒドロキ シセルロース、キチン、キトサン、およびポリオルトエステル、およびそれらの 共重合体、ターポリマー、および混合体からなる群から選択する請求の範囲第1 項記載の方法。
- 3.前記ポリマーは、本質的にポリアクチド、ポリカプロラクトンおよびそれら とグリコリドとの共重合体からなる群が選択する請求の範囲第1項記載の方法。
- 4.前記溶媒は、本質的にN−メチル−2−ピロリドン、エタノール、プロピレ ングリコール、アセトン、酢酸エチル。酢酸メチル、メチルエチルケトン、ジメ チルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフラン、カプロラクタ ム、デシルメチルスルホキシド、オレイン酸および1−ドデルアザシクロヘプタ ン−2−ワンおよびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択する請求の範囲第1項記 載の方法。
- 5.前記溶媒は、本質的にN−メチル−2−ピロリドン、2−ピロリドン、ジメ チル・スルホキシドおよびアセトン、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択 する請求の範囲第1項記載の方法。
- 6.前記ポリマーが生物分解性である請求の範囲第1項記載の方法。
- 7.さらに、前記液体に有効量の生物活性剤を添加して、生物分解時に拡散およ び/または浸食によって前記生物活性剤を放出するインプラントを提供する工程 からなる請求の範囲第1項記載の方法。
- 8.さらに、前記液体を針を介して生体内原位置に吐出さす工程からなる請求の 範囲第1項記載の方法。
- 9.前記溶媒は、前記ポリマーを溶解することができる第一の溶媒と前記ポリマ ーを溶解することができない第2の溶媒を有する二成分型溶媒からなり、前記第 1および第2の溶媒は前記ポリマーが可溶性であるような割合で前記混合体に存 在し、従って前記ポリマーは前記液体の前記動物生体内への配置の際に前記液体 から析出し、それによって前記第1の溶媒に対する前記第2の溶媒の割合の増大 をもたらす請求の範囲第1項の記載の方法。
- 10.前記ポリマーがラクチド・ポリマーであり、前記第2の溶媒は本質的に水 、エタノールおよびプロピレングリコールからなる群から選択する請求の範囲第 1項記載の方法。
- 11.(a)液体の生物分解性ポリマーを生体内に配置する工程;および (b)前記ポリマーを生体内原位置で硬化させてインプラントを形成する工程か らなることを特徴とする生体内原位置にインプラントを形成する方法。
- 12.前記液体ポリマーがアクリルエステル末端プレポリマーであって、該プレ ポリマーに該プレポリマーの配置前に硬化剤を添加し、該プレポリマーを原位置 で硬化させる請求の範囲第11項記載の方法。
- 13.さらに、DL−ラクチドとε−カプロラクトンとの共重合によって前記プ レポリマーを合成する工程からなる請求の範囲第12項記載の方法。
- 14.さらに、L−ラクチドとε−カプロラクトンとの共重合によって前記プレ ポリマーを合成する工程からなる請求の範囲第12項記載の方法。
- 15.(a)有効量の液体アクリル・エステル末端、生物分解性プレポリマーと 硬化剤とを一緒に混合して液状の混合物を生成する工程;および(b)該混合物 が液状である間に該混合物を体内に送出して、前記プレポリマーを硬化させて固 体インプラントを形成させる工程、からなることを特徴とする、体内原位置に固 体インプラントを形成する方法。
- 16.さらに、ポリオール末端プレポリマーを転化させることによって、前記液 体のアクリル・エステル末端プレポリマーを生成させる工程からなる請求の範囲 第15項記載の方法。
- 17.さらに、DL−ラクチドとε−カプロラクトンをポリオール開始剤で共重 合させることによって前記ポリオール末端プレポリマーを形成する工程からなる 請求の範囲第16項記載の方法。
- 18.さらに、前記共重合工程に触媒を添加させる工程からなる請求の範囲第1 7項記載の方法。
- 19.前記触媒がオクト酸第一スズである請求の範囲第18項記載の方法。
- 20.前記触媒が塩化第一スズである請求の範囲第18項記載の方法。
- 21.さらに、ポリオール開始剤でのL−ラクチドとε−方プロラタトンの共重 合によって前記ポリオール末端プレポリマーを形成させる工程からなる請求の範 囲第16項記載の方法。
- 22.さらに、前記共重合工程に触媒を添加する工程からなる請求の範囲第21 項記載の方法。
- 23.前記触媒がオクト酸第一スズである請求の範囲第22項記載の方法。
- 24.前記触媒が塩化第一スズである請求の範囲第22項記載の方法。
- 25.前記硬化剤がアゾビスイソブチロニトリルである請求の範囲第15項記載 の方法。
- 26.前記硬化剤が過酸化ベンゾイルである請求の範囲第15項記載の方法。
- 27.さらに、前記プレポリマーおよび硬化剤の混合物に生物活性剤を添加して 、硬化時に、生物分解の際に拡散又は浸食によって前記生物活性剤を放出する生 物分解性インプラントを提供する工程からなる請求の範囲第15項記載の方法。
- 28.前記送出工程が、注射器および注射針によって前記混合物を前記体内に注 入することからなる請求の範囲第15項記載の方法。
- 29.請求の範囲第1項記載の方法によって生成された生体用生物分解性インプ ラント。
- 30.請求の範囲第11項記載の方法によって生成された生体用生物分解性イン プラント。
- 31.請求の範囲第15項記載の方法によって生成された生体用生物分解性イン プラント。
- 32.生物分解性インプラントを形成するために、体内に配置された際に消散す ることができる生物適合性溶媒内に溶解された有効量の非反応性、生物適合性ポ リマーからなることを特徴とする生体内原位置に生物分解性インプラントを形成 する組成物。
- 33.前記ポリマーは、本質的にポリアクチド、ポリグリコリド、ポリカプロラ クトン、ポリジオキサノン、ポリカーボネート、ポリヒドロキシブチラート、ポ リ修酸アルキレン、ポリ無水物、ポリアミド、ポリエステルアミド、ポリウレタ ン、ポリアセテート、ポリゲタール、ポリオルトカーボネート、ポリホスフアゼ ン、ポリヒドロキシバレラート、ポリコハク酸アルキレン、ポリマレイン酸、ポ リアミノ酸、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエチレン・グリコール、ポリヒドロキ シセルロース、キチン、キトサン、およびポリオルトエステル、およびそれらの 共重合体、ターポリマー、および混合体からなる群から選択する請求の範囲第3 2項記載の組成物。
- 34.前記ポリマーは、本質的にポリアクチド、ポリカプロラクトンおよびそれ らとグリコリドとの共重合体からなる群が選択する請求の範囲第32項記載の組 成物。
- 35.前記溶媒は、本質的にN−メチル−2−ピロリドン、2−ピロリドン、エ タノール、プロピレングリコール、アセトン、酢酸エチル、酢酸メチル、メチル エチルケトン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフ ラン、カプロラクタム、デシルメチルスルホキシド、オレイン酸および1−ドデ シルアザシクロヘプタン−2−ワンおよびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択す る請求の範囲第32項記載の組成物。
- 36.前記溶媒は、本質的にN−メチル−2−ピロリドン、2−ピロリドン、ジ メチル・スルホキシドおよびアセトン、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選 択する請求の範囲第32項記載の組成物。
- 37.さらに、有効量の生物活性剤からなる請求の範囲第32項記載の組成物。
- 38.有効量の硬化剤の添加時に、硬化して生物分解性インプラントになること ができる液体のアクリル・エステル末端プレポリマーからなることを特徴とする 体内原位置において硬化して生物分解性インプラントを生成することができるプ レポリマーを生成する組成物。
- 39.前記液体のアクリル・エステル末端プレポリマーは、ポリオール末端プレ ポリマーの転化生成物である請求の範囲第38項記載の組成物。
- 40.前記ポリオール末端プレポリマーは、DL−ラクチドとε−カプロラクト ンのポリオール開始剤での共重合生成物である請求の範囲第39項の組成物。
- 41.前記ポリオール末端プレポリマーは、L−ラクチドとε−カプロラクトン のポリオール開始剤での共重合生成物である請求の範囲第39項記載の組成物。
- 42.前記硬化剤がアゾビスイソブチロニトリルである請求の範囲第38項記載 の組成物。
- 43.前記硬化剤が過酸化ベンゾイルである請求の範囲第38項記載の組成物。
- 44.さらに、有効量の生物活性剤からなる請求の範囲第38項記載の組成物。
- 45.生物適合性溶媒と該溶媒内に溶解された有効量の生物適合性ポリマーから なり、前記溶媒が前記ポリマーを溶解する第1の溶媒と該ポリマーを溶解しない 第2の溶媒からなり、該第1および第2の溶媒が、前記ポリマーは該溶媒内で可 溶性であるが動物の体内に存在する前記第2の溶媒の量の増加時に該溶媒から析 出するような割合で存在することを特徴とする、動物内原位置に生物分解性イン プラントを形成する組成物。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07252645 US4938763B1 (en) | 1988-10-03 | 1988-10-03 | Biodegradable in-situ forming implants and method of producing the same |
| US252,645 | 1988-10-03 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04503163A true JPH04503163A (ja) | 1992-06-11 |
| JP2992046B2 JP2992046B2 (ja) | 1999-12-20 |
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| JP1511223A Expired - Lifetime JP2992046B2 (ja) | 1988-10-03 | 1989-09-27 | 生物分解性、インシトゥ形成用インプラント及びその製造方法 |
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|---|---|
| US (7) | US4938763B1 (ja) |
| EP (2) | EP0436667B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2992046B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR0158669B1 (ja) |
| AT (2) | ATE228861T1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU666050B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR8907686A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA1340694C (ja) |
| DE (3) | DE68929441T2 (ja) |
| DK (1) | DK175906B1 (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL91850A (ja) |
| LU (1) | LU91193I2 (ja) |
| NL (1) | NL300204I1 (ja) |
| NO (2) | NO304413B1 (ja) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH08252306A (ja) * | 1995-02-07 | 1996-10-01 | Ethicon Inc | 外科用デバイスを取り付けるための生体適合性接着剤/シーラント材料の使用 |
| JP2004321795A (ja) * | 1996-02-20 | 2004-11-18 | Massachusetts Inst Of Technol <Mit> | 整形外科および歯科用途での使用のための生分解性ポリマーネットワーク |
| JP2001509146A (ja) * | 1996-12-20 | 2001-07-10 | アルザ コーポレイション | ゲル組成物および方法 |
| JP2002512597A (ja) * | 1996-12-20 | 2002-04-23 | アルザ コーポレイション | 注射可能な貯留槽ゲル組成物およびこの組成物の製造方法 |
| JP2007517913A (ja) * | 2004-01-13 | 2007-07-05 | バソジェニックス ファーマシューティカルズ, インコーポレイテッド | カルシトニン遺伝子関連ペプチドを投与することによって急性心筋梗塞を処置するための方法およびカルシトニン遺伝子関連ペプチドを含有する組成物 |
| US7976847B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2011-07-12 | Vasogenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Controlled release CGRP delivery composition for cardiovascular and renal indications |
| JP2017502972A (ja) * | 2013-12-31 | 2017-01-26 | ペベエベ・エスア | 身体再建及び身体成形における使用のための制御放出脂肪酸組成物 |
| JP2022516720A (ja) * | 2018-12-27 | 2022-03-02 | ▲ユ▼展新藥生技股分有限公司 | ナルトレキソンの注射可能な徐放性製剤 |
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