ES2332143T3 - Obturador y divisor de vasos con miembros de tope no conductivos. - Google Patents
Obturador y divisor de vasos con miembros de tope no conductivos. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2332143T3 ES2332143T3 ES06002279T ES06002279T ES2332143T3 ES 2332143 T3 ES2332143 T3 ES 2332143T3 ES 06002279 T ES06002279 T ES 06002279T ES 06002279 T ES06002279 T ES 06002279T ES 2332143 T3 ES2332143 T3 ES 2332143T3
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Abstract
Un fórceps bipolar endoscópico (10) para sellar y dividir tejido, que comprende: un árbol alargado (12) que tiene miembros de mordaza opuestos (22,24) en su extremo distal, siendo los miembros de mordaza desplazables entre sí desde una primera posición, en la que los miembros de mordaza están dispuestos en relación separada entre sí, hasta una segunda posición en la que los miembros de mordaza cooperan para asir tejido (150) entre ellos; estando cada miembro de mordaza adaptado (110) para ser conectado a una fuente de energía eléctrica, teniendo cada miembro de mordaza una superficie (35) eléctricamente conductiva que mira hacia dentro de modo que las superficies eléctricamente conductivas de los miembros de mordaza se enfrentan entre sí y son capaces de conducir energía a través del tejido sujeto entre ellos para efectuar una obturación (152); en el que al menos una de dichas superficies eléctricamente conductivas que miran hacia dentro incluye un canal orientado longitudinalmente (36) para dividir dicha superficie eléctricamente conductiva en una primera mitad y una segunda mitad; una cuchilla (60) de movimiento alternativo dispuesta en el canal orientado longitudinalmente para cortar tejido próximo a la obturación; caracterizado porque comprende, además una pluralidad de primeros miembros de tope no conductivos (50a) dispuestos en la superficie que mira hacia dentro de al menos uno de los miembros de mordaza, actuando los topes para controlar la distancia entre las superficies eléctricamente conductivas enfrentadas de los miembros de mordaza opuestos cuando tejido es sujeto entre ellos y limitar el movimiento del tejido durante el movimiento alternativo longitudinal de la cuchilla de movimiento alternativo; y en el que la pluralidad de primeros miembros de tope está dispuesta en forma de una primera serie orientada longitudinalmente de miembros de tope que se extienden desde un extremo proximal hasta un extremo distal que sobresalen de la primera mitad de la superficie eléctricamente conductiva, y/o en la forma de una segunda serie orientada longitudinalmente de miembros de tope que se extienden desde un extremo proximal hasta un extremo distal que sobresalen de la segunda mitad de la superficie eléctricamente conductiva.
Description
Obturador y divisor de vasos con miembros de
tope no conductivos.
La presente invención se refiere a un
instrumento electroquirúrgico. Más particularmente, la presente
invención se refiere a un fórceps electroquirúrgico bipolar
endoscópico, que incluye miembros de tope no conductivos asociados
a uno o ambos miembros de mordaza opuestos. Los miembros de tope no
conductivos están diseñados para controlar la distancia entre los
miembros de mordaza opuestos, y mejorar la manipulación y sujeción
del tejido durante los procedimientos de obturación y división.
La presente solicitud de patente es divisional
de una solicitud de patente anterior, que ahora es
EP-B-1 372 507.
Los fórceps endoscópicos utilizan la acción
mecánica para apretar, asir, diseccionar, y/o sujetar tejido.
Dichos fórceps electroquirúrgicos utilizan tanto la acción mecánica
de sujeción como la energía eléctrica para efectuar hemostasis para
el caldeo del tejido y de los vasos sanguíneos, para coagular,
cauterizar, y/u obturar el tejido.
Los instrumentos endoscópicos son insertados
dentro del paciente a través de un cánula u orificio, hecho con un
trocar o dispositivo similar. Los tamaños típicos de las cánulas
están dentro de un margen de tres milímetros a doce milímetros. Por
lo general, se prefieren cánulas más pequeñas, lo que representa un
desafío en cuanto al diseño para los fabricantes de estos
instrumentos, que deben hallar maneras para que los instrumentos
quirúrgicos ajusten a través de las cánulas.
Cierto procedimientos quirúrgicos endoscópicos
requieren el corte de vasos sanguíneos o de tejido vascular. Sin
embargo, debido a limitaciones de espacio, los cirujanos pueden
hallar dificultades en la sutura de vasos o en la ejecución de
otros métodos tradicionales para el control del sangrado, por
ejemplo, sujeción y/o atadura de vasos sanguíneos cortados. Los
vasos sanguíneos, dentro de un margen inferior a dos milímetros de
diámetro, pueden ser cerrados con frecuencia con el uso de técnicas
electroquirúrgicas estándar. No obstante, si es cortado un vaso
mayor, puede ser necesario para el cirujano convertir el
procedimiento endoscópico en un procedimiento quirúrgico abierto, y
abandonar así los beneficios de la laparoscopia.
Varios artículos en revistas han descrito
métodos para obturar pequeños vasos sanguíneos con el uso de la
electrocirugía. Un artículo titulado "Estudios sobre
coagulación y desarrollo de un coagulador bipolar computerizado
automático", de la revista J. Neurosurg, volumen 75, julio de
1991, describe un coagulador bipolar que es utilizado para obturar
pequeños vasos sanguíneos. El artículo expone que no es posible
coagular con seguridad arterias con diámetro superior a un margen
de 2 a 2,5 mm. Un segundo artículo titulado "Electrocoagulación
bipolar controlada automáticamente" -
"COA-COMP", Neurosurg. Rev. (1984),
págs. 187-190, describe un método para cortar el
suministro de potencia electroquirúrgica al vaso, de modo que pueda
ser evitado el chamuscamiento de las paredes de él.
Como antes se ha dicho, mediante la utilización
de fórceps electroquirúrgicos, un cirujano puede cauterizar,
coagular/desecar, y/o simplemente reducir un sangrado lento,
mediante el control de la intensidad, la frecuencia, y la duración
de la energía electroquirúrgica aplicada al tejido a través de
miembros de mordaza. El electrodo de cada miembro de mordaza es
cargado con un potencial eléctrico diferente, de modo que cuando los
miembros de mordaza asen el tejido, energía eléctrica puede ser
transferida selectivamente a través de dicho tejido.
Con objeto de efectuar una obturación apropiada
en vasos mayores, dos parámetros mecánicos predominantes deben ser
controlados con precisión: la presión aplicada al vaso, y la
distancia de separación entre los electrodos, cuyos dos factores
resultan afectados por el grosor del vaso obturado. Más
particularmente, es importante una aplicación precisa de la presión
a las paredes opuestas del vaso, para reducir la impedancia del
tejido a un valor suficientemente bajo que permita el paso de una
suficiente energía electroquirúrgica a través del tejido para
vencer las fuerzas de expansión durante el caldeo del tejido, y
contribuir así a un grosor final del tejido que sea una indicación
de una buena obturación. Se ha determinado que una pared de vaso
fundida típica es óptima entre 25 \mum y 127 \mum. Por debajo
de este margen, la obturación puede despedazarse o rasgarse, y por
encima de él, los lúmenes pueden no resultar obturados de manera
adecuada o efectiva.
Los métodos electroquirúrgicos pueden ser
capaces de obturar vasos mayores con el uso de una curva de potencia
electroquirúrgica apropiada, acoplada a un instrumento capaz de
aplicar una gran fuerza de cierre a las paredes del vaso. Esa es la
idea por la que el procedimiento de obturar vasos pequeños es
fundamentalmente diferente a la obturación electroquirúrgica de
vasos. A los fines aquí presentes, "coagulación" se define como
un procedimiento de desecación de tejido en el que las células de
dicho tejido son rotas y secadas. La obturación de un vaso se
define como el procedimiento de licuar el colágeno en el tejido, de
modo que se reforme en una masa fundida. Por tanto, la coagulación
de vasos pequeños es suficiente para cerrarlos permanentemente. Los
vasos mayores necesitan ser obturados para asegurar un cierre
permanente.
La patente de EE.UU. nº. 2.176.479 de Willis;
las patentes de EE.UU. nºs. 4.005.714 y 4.031.898 de Hiltebrandt;
las patentes de EE.UU. nºs. 5.827.274, 5.290.287 y 5.312.433 de
Boebel y col.; las patentes de EE.UU. nºs. 4.370.980, 4.552.143,
5.026.370 y 5.116.332 de Lottick; la patente de EE.UU. nº. 5.443.463
de Stern y col.; la patente de EE.UU. nº. 5.484.436 de Eggers y
col.; y la patente de EE.UU. nº. 5.951.549 de Richardson y col., se
refieren todas a instrumentos electroquirúrgicos para coagulación,
corte, y/u obturación de vasos o tejido. No obstante, algunos de
estos diseños pueden proporcionar al vaso sanguíneo una presión no
reproducible uniformemente, y pueden dar por resultado una
obturación inefectiva o no uniforme.
En su mayor parte, estos instrumentos se basan
sólo en la presión de sujeción para producir un grosor de obturación
apropiado, y no están diseñados para tener en cuenta las
tolerancias de hueco y/o de paralelismo, y los requerimientos de
aplanamiento, que son parámetros que, si son debidamente
controlados, pueden asegurar una obturación del tejido uniforme y
efectiva. Por ejemplo, es sabido que es difícil controlar
adecuadamente el grosor del tejido obturado resultante mediante el
control de la presión de sujeción solamente, por cualquiera de estas
dos razones: 1) si se aplica demasiada fuerza, existe la
posibilidad de que los dos polos se toquen, y que no sea transferida
energía a través del tejido, de lo que resulta una obturación
inefectiva; ó 2) si se aplica una fuerza demasiado baja, el tejido
puede moverse prematuramente antes de la activación, y puede ser
creada una obturación más gruesa y menos fiable.
Típicamente y en particular con respecto a
procedimientos electroquirúrgicos endoscópicos, una vez obturado un
vaso, el cirujano tiene que retirar el instrumento de obturación del
lugar de la operación, sustituirlo por un nuevo instrumento a
través de la cánula, y cortar con precisión el vaso a través de la
obturación del tejido recién formada. Como puede apreciarse, esta
operación adicional puede consumir tiempo (en particular cuando se
obtura un número significativo de vasos) y puede contribuir a una
separación imprecisa del tejido a lo largo de la línea de
obturación, debido a la falta de obturación o defecto de colocación
del instrumento de corte a lo largo del centro de la línea de
obturación del tejido.
Se han hecho varios intentos por diseñar un
instrumento que incorpore un miembro de hoja o cuchilla que corte
con efectividad el tejido después de formar una obturación en él.
Por ejemplo, la patente de EE.UU. nº. 5.674.220 de Fox y col.
describe un instrumento transparente de obturación de vasos que
incluye una cuchilla de movimiento alternativo longitudinalmente,
que corta el tejido una vez obturado. El instrumento incluye una
pluralidad de aberturas que permiten la visualización directa del
tejido durante el procedimiento de obturación y corte. Dicha
visualización directa permite que un usuario regule de modo visual y
manual la fuerza de cierre y la distancia del hueco entre los
miembros de mordaza, para reducir y/o limitar que se produzcan
ciertos efectos indeseables que se sabe se producen cuando se
obturan vasos, expansión térmica, chamuscamiento, etc. Como puede
apreciarse, el éxito general de la obturación de un tejido con este
instrumento se basa en gran medida en la maestría, visión, destreza
y experiencia del usuario al estimar la fuerza de cierre apropiada,
distancia de separación, y longitud del movimiento alternativo de
la cuchilla, para obturar de modo uniforme, consistente y efectivo
el vaso, y separar el tejido en la obturación.
El documento
EP-A-878119 describe un instrumento
que corta tejido entre líneas de grapas, pero incluye una
disposición eléctrica bipolar para cauterizar asimismo el
tejido.
La patente de EE.UU. nº. 5.702.390 de Austin y
col, describe un instrumento de obturación de vasos que incluye un
electrodo de forma triangular que es giratorio desde una primera
posición de obturación del tejido, a una segunda posición para
cortarlo. De nuevo, el usuario debe fiarse de la visualización
directa y de su destreza, para controlar los diversos efectos de la
obturación y corte del tejido.
El documento
US-A-5800449 describe un dispositivo
según se describe en el preámbulo de la reivindicación 1.
Por tanto, existe la necesidad de desarrollar un
instrumento electroquirúrgico endoscópico que de modo efectivo y
uniforme obture y separe el tejido vascular, y resuelva los
problemas antes citados. Este instrumento regula las distancias del
hueco entre miembros de mordaza opuestos, reduce las posibilidades
de cortocircuitar dichas mordazas opuestas durante la activación, y
ayuda a la manipulación, asido y sujeción del tejido antes y durante
la activación y separación de dicho tejido.
La presente invención se define en la
reivindicación 1 que figura más adelante. Proporciona un fórceps
para fijar por apriete, obturar y dividir tejido. El fórceps
incluye un árbol alargado que tiene miembros de mordaza opuestos en
su extremo distal. Los miembros de mordaza son movibles uno respecto
a otro desde una primera posición, en la que los miembros de
mordaza están dispuestos en relación separada entre sí, hasta una
segunda posición en la que los miembros de mordaza cooperan para
agarrar tejido entre ellos. Una fuente de energía electroquirúrgica
está conectada a los miembros de mordaza de modo que éstos son
capaces de conducir energía a través del tejido sujeto entre ellos
para efectuar una obturación del tejido. Una pluralidad de miembros
de tope no conductivos y separados está dispuesta en una superficie
orientada hacia dentro de al menos uno de los miembros de mordaza y
está situada para controlar la distancia de separación entre los
miembros de mordaza opuestos cuando el tejido está sujeto entre
ellos. Una cuchilla de desplazamiento alternativo longitudinal
corta el tejido próximo al sitio de obturación una vez que es
formada una obturación eficaz.
\newpage
Una realización del fórceps que aquí se describe
incluye un conjunto de varilla de accionamiento que conecta los
miembros de mordaza a la fuente de energía eléctrica de modo que el
primer miembro de mordaza tiene un primer potencial eléctrico y el
segundo miembro de mordaza tiene un segundo potencial eléctrico. Con
preferencia, una empuñadura está acoplada mecánicamente al conjunto
de vástago de accionamiento, e imparte movimiento entre sí a los
miembros de mordaza primero y segundo.
En una realización de la presente invención, uno
de los miembros de mordaza incluye una superficie eléctricamente
conductiva que tiene un canal orientado longitudinalmente definido
en ella que facilita el movimiento alternativo longitudinal de la
cuchilla para el corte del tejido, en proximidad al lugar de
obturación de dicho tejido, Preferiblemente, el fórceps incluye un
disparador para accionar la cuchilla, que es accionable con
independencia del conjunto de accionamiento.
En una realización, el fórceps incluye al menos
dos miembros de tope dispuestos como una serie de salientes que se
extienden a lo largo de la superficie orientada hacia dentro desde
el extremo proximal hasta el extremo distal del miembro de mordaza.
En otra realización, los miembros de tope incluyen una serie de
orejetas en forma de círculo que sobresalen de la superficie
orientada hacia dentro y se extienden desde el extremo proximal
hasta el extremo distal del miembro de mordaza. Los miembros de tope
pueden estar dispuestos en cada miembro de mordaza opuesto en lados
opuestos del canal orientado longitudinalmente y/o de una manera
alterna, desplazada lateralmente entre sí a lo largo de la
superficie de uno cualquiera o ambos miembros de mordaza.
Preferiblemente, los miembros de tope están
fijos o unidos al miembro o miembros de mordaza mediante
estampación, pulverización térmica, sobremoldeo, y/o por medio de
un adhesivo. Los miembros de tope sobresalen desde aproximadamente
25 a 127 \mum, y preferiblemente desde aproximadamente 51 a 76
\mum, desde la superficie enfrentada hacia dentro de al menos uno
de los miembros de mordaza. Está previsto que los miembros de tope
puedan ser hechos de un material aislante, tal como parileno, nilón
y/o cerámica. Se contemplan también otros materiales, por ejemplo
poliestirenos sindiotácticos, tales como QUESTRA® fabricado por DOW
Chemical, poliestireno sindiotáctico (SPS), poli(tereftalado
de butileno) (PBT), policarbonato (PC),
acrilonitrilo-butadieno-estireno
(ABS), poliftalamida (PPA), poliamida, poli(tereftalato de
etileno) (PET), poliamida-imida (PAI), acrílico
(PMMA), poliestireno (PS y HIPS), poli(etersulfona) (PES),
poli(quetona alifática), copolímero de acetal (POM),
poliuretano (PU y TPU), nilón con dispersión de poli(óxido de
fenileno), y acrilato de acrilonitrilo-estireno.
Otra realización de la presente invención
incluye un fórceps bipolar endoscópico para obturar y dividir tejido
que tiene un árbol alargado que cuenta con unos miembros de mordaza
opuestos en un extremo distal del mismo. Los miembros de mordaza
son desplazables uno respecto a otro desde una primera posición, en
la que los miembros de mordaza están dispuestos en relación
separada entre sí, hasta una segunda posición en la que los miembros
de mordaza cooperan para agarrar tejido entre ellos. Un conjunto de
varilla de accionamiento conecta los miembros de mordaza a una
fuente de energía eléctrica de modo que el primer miembro de mordaza
tiene un primer potencial eléctrico y el segundo miembro de mordaza
tiene un segundo potencial eléctrico. Los miembros de mordaza,
cuando son activados, conducen energía a través del tejido retenido
entre los miembros de mordaza para efectuar una obturación del
tejido. Una empuñadura está fijada al conjunto de vástago de
accionamiento y, cuando es accionada, imparte movimiento entre sí a
los miembros de mordaza primero y segundo a través del conjunto de
varilla de accionamiento. Al menos un miembro de tope no conductivo
y separado está dispuesto en la superficie orientada hacia dentro
de uno de los miembros de mordaza y coopera para controlar la
distancia de separación entre los miembros de mordaza opuestos
cuando el tejido está sujeto entre ellos. Un disparador acciona
mecánicamente una cuchilla para cortar el tejido próximo al sitio
de sellado del tejido.
La presente invención es útil en un método para
obturar y dividir tejido, que incluye las operaciones de disponer
un fórceps bipolar endoscópico, que a su vez incluye:
- un árbol alargado que cuenta con unos miembros
de mordaza opuestos en su extremo distal, que cooperan para asir un
tejido entre ellos;
- al menos un miembro de tope no conductivo y
separado, dispuesto sobre una superficie enfrentada al interior de
al menos uno de los miembros de mordaza, que controla la distancia
entre dichos miembros de mordaza cuando hay tejido sujeto entre
ellos: y
- una cuchilla.
El método incluye, además, las operaciones de
conectar los miembros de mordaza a una fuente de energía eléctrica;
accionar los miembros de mordaza para asir tejido entre miembros de
mordaza opuestos: conducir energía a los miembros de mordaza a
través del tejido sujeto entre ellos para efectuar una obturación; y
accionar la cuchilla para cortar el tejido en proximidad a la
obturación.
Preferiblemente, al menos uno de los miembros de
mordaza de la operación de proporcionar el fórceps incluye una
superficie eléctricamente conductiva, que tiene un canal orientado
longitudinalmente definido en él, que facilita la actuación de la
cuchilla en una acción de movimiento alternativo longitudinal dentro
del canal, para cortar el tejido.
Varias realizaciones del instrumento
reivindicado se describen aquí con referencia a los dibujos, en los
que:
- la fig. 1 es una vista en perspectiva de un
fórceps endoscópico que muestra una empuñadura y un accionador de
acuerdo con la presente descripción;
- la fig. 2 es una vista parcial de un corte
transversal del fórceps de la fig. 1, que muestra los componentes
internos de trabajo de la empuñadura, y el accionador de extremo en
configuración cerrada:
- la fig. 3 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada
del conjunto accionador de extremo, mostrado en configuración
abierta;
- la fig. 4 es una vista lateral muy ampliada de
un extremo proximal del accionador de extremo de la fig. 3;
- la fig. 5 es una vista en perspectiva muy
ampliada de un extremo distal del accionador de extremo de la fig.
3, que muestra una cuchilla y una serie de miembros de tope
dispuestos a lo largo de una superficie enfrentada hacia dentro de
un miembro de mordaza:
- las figs. 6A-6F muestran
diversas configuraciones de los miembros de tope sobre la superficie
que mira hacia dentro de uno de los miembros de mordaza:
- la fig. 7 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada
de un lugar de obturación de un vaso tubular;
- la fig. 8 es un corte transversal longitudinal
del lugar de obturación, tomado a lo largo de la línea
B-B de la fig. 7: y
- la fig. 9 es un corte transversal longitudinal
del lugar de obturación de la fig. 7, después de la separación del
vaso tubular.
Con referencia ahora a las figs.
1-5, se muestra una realización de un fórceps
bipolar endoscópico 10 para uso con diversos procesos quirúrgicos,
e incluye un conjunto 80 de alojamiento y empuñadura, que tiene un
accionador de extremo 20 unido a él. Más particularmente, el fórceps
10 incluye un árbol 12 que cuenta con un extremo distal 14
dimensionado para acoplarse mecánicamente al conjunto 20 accionador
de extremo, y un extremo proximal 16 que se acopla mecánicamente al
conjunto 80 de alojamiento y empuñadura. En los dibujos y en las
descripciones que siguen, el término "proximal", como es
tradicional, se refiere al extremo del fórceps 10 que está más
próximo al usuario, y el término "distal" se refiere al extremo
que está más alejado del usuario.
El conjunto 20 accionador de extremo está unido
al extremo distal 14 del árbol 12, e incluye un par de miembros de
mordaza opuestos 22 y 24. Preferiblemente, el conjunto 80 de
alojamiento y empuñadura está unido al conjunto proximal 16 del
árbol 12, e incluyen unos mecanismos de activación dispuestos
interiormente, por ejemplo una empuñadura móvil 82 y un conjunto de
accionamiento 70, que cooperan mecánicamente para impartir
movimiento a los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 desde una posición
abierta, en la que los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 están dispuestos
en relación espaciada entre sí, a una posición cerrada o de sujeción
en la que los miembros 22 y 24 cooperan para asir un tejido 150
(fig. 7) entre ellos.
Está previsto que el fórceps 10 pueda ser
diseñado de modo que sea total o parcialmente desechable, en función
de una finalidad particular o para conseguir un resultado
particular. Por ejemplo, el conjunto accionador de extremo 20 puede
ser selectiva y liberablemente acoplable al extremo distal 14 del
árbol 12, y/o el extremo proximal 16 del árbol puede ser acoplable
de modo selectivo y liberable al alojamiento y conjunto 80 de
empuñadura. En cualquiera de estos dos casos, el fórceps 10 debe
ser considerado "parcialmente desechable", es decir, que un
nuevo y diferente conjunto 20 accionador de extremo (o conjunto 20
accionador de extremo y árbol 12) reemplaza al viejo conjunto 20
cuando se necesite.
Las figuras 1 y 2 muestran los elementos
operativos y los componentes internos de trabajo del alojamiento y
conjunto 80 de empuñadura que, a los fines de la presente
descripción se describen aquí en general.
Como se aprecia mejor en la fig. 2, el conjunto
80 de alojamiento y empuñadura incluye una empuñadura desplazable
82 y una empuñadura fija 84. La empuñadura desplazable 82 incluye
una abertura 89 definida a su través, que permite al usuario asir y
mover la empuñadura 82 con relación a la empuñadura fija 84. La
empuñadura desplazable 82 es selectivamente móvil en torno a un
pivote 87 desde una primera posición con relación a la empuñadura
fija 84, a una segunda posición en proximidad inmediata a la
empuñadura fija 84 que, como se explica más adelante, imparte un
movimiento relativo entre sí a los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24.
Más particularmente, el conjunto 80 de
alojamiento y empuñadura aloja un conjunto de alojamiento 70 que
coopera con la empuñadura móvil 82 para impartir el movimiento de
los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 desde una posición abierta, en la
que los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 están dispuestos en relación
espaciada entre sí, a una posición de sujeción o cerrada, en la que
los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 cooperan para asir tejido 150 (fig.
7) entre ellos. Los parámetros operativos generales del conjunto de
accionamiento 70 y los componentes de trabajo del mismo, son
explicados de manera más generalizada más adelante. A los fines de
la presente descripción, el alojamiento y el conjunto de empuñadura
80 pueden ser caracterizados en general como una conexión mecánica
de cuatro barras compuesta de los siguientes elementos: empuñadura
móvil 82, un enlace 73, un enlace a modo de leva 76 y un enlace de
base, materializados por los puntos de pivotar fijos 75 y 76. El
movimiento de la empuñadura 82 activa la conexión de cuatro barras
que, a su vez, acciona el conjunto de accionamiento 70 para
impartir el movimiento de los miembros de mordaza opuestos 22 y 24
entre sí para asir tejido 150 entre ellos. Está previsto que el
empleo de una conexión mecánica de cuatro barras permita al usuario
ganar una ventaja mecánica significativa cuando se comprimen los
miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 contra el tejido 150, como se explica
en detalle más adelante con respecto a los parámetros operativos
descritos en general del conjunto de accionamiento 70.
Preferiblemente, la empuñadura fija 84 incluye
un canal 85 definido en ella, que está dimensionado para recibir
una pestaña 83 que se extiende proximalmente desde la empuñadura
móvil 82. Preferiblemente, la pestaña 83 incluye un extremo fijo 90
que está unido a la empuñadura móvil 82, y un extremo libre 92 que
está dimensionado para una fácil recepción dentro del canal 85 de
la empuñadura 84. Está previsto que la pestaña 83 pueda ser
dimensionada para permitir al usuario mover los miembros de mordaza
22 y 24 entre sí de manera selectiva, progresiva, e
incrementalmente, desde la posición abierta a la posición cerrada.
Por ejemplo, se contempla también que la pestaña 83 pueda incluir
una interfaz a modo de carraca, que se acople de modo bloqueable a
la empuñadura móvil 83, y con ello los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24
en posiciones incrementales selectivas entre sí, en función de una
finalidad particular. Pueden ser empleados también otros mecanismos
para controlar y/o limitar el movimiento de la empuñadura 82 con
respecto a la empuñadura 84 (y los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24)
tales como, por ejemplo, sistemas hidráulicos, semihidráulicos, y de
engranajes.
Como puede ser apreciado en la presente
descripción, el canal 85 de la empuñadura fija 84 incluye un pasaje
de entrada 91 y un pasaje de salida 95 para la reciprocidad de la
pestaña 83. Como se aprecia mejor en la fig. 2, al moverse la
empuñadura 82 en modalidad en general pivotante hacia la empuñadura
fija 84 en torno al pivote 87, el enlace 74 gira en torno a un
pasador de guía 74 dispuesto dentro de la empuñadura 82. Como
resultado, en enlace 73 gira aproximadamente en torno a un pivote
76. Como puede ser apreciado, el camino de pivotar de la empuñadura
82 con relación a la empuñadura fija 84 empuja el enlace 76 a modo
de leva para girar en torno al pivote 75 en una dirección en
general proximal. El movimiento del enlace a modo de leva 76
imparte movimiento al conjunto de accionamiento 70, como se explica
más adelante.
Como se aprecia mejor en la fig. 2, al
producirse el movimiento inicial de la empuñadura 82 hacia la
empuñadura fija 84, el extremo libre 92 de la pestaña 83 se mueve
en general proximalmente y hacia arriba a lo largo del camino de
entrada 91, hasta que el extremo 82 rebasa o se acopla mecánicamente
al miembro de carril 97 dispuesto a lo largo del pasaje 91. Está
previsto que el carril 97 permita el movimiento de la pestaña 83
proximalmente, hasta el punto en el que el extremo 92 libra el
carril 97. Una vez que el extremo 92 libra dicho carril 97, el
movimiento distal de la empuñadura 82 y la pestaña 83, es decir, la
liberación, es redirigida por el carril 97 dentro del pasaje de
salida 95.
Más particularmente, a la liberación de la
presión inicial, es decir, a la reducción de la presión de cierre
de la empuñadura 82 contra la empuñadura 84, la empuñadura 82
retorna distalmente de modo escaso hacia el pasaje 91, pero es
dirigida hacia el pasaje de salida 95. En este punto, la liberación
de la presión de retorno entre las empuñaduras 82 y 84, que es
atribuible y directamente proporcional a la presión de liberación
asociada a la compresión del conjunto 70 de accionamiento (que se
expone más adelante), hace que el extremo 92 de la pestaña 83 se
fije o bloquee dentro de un hueco de retención 93. La empuñadura 82
está ahora sujeta en su sitio dentro de la empuñadura 84 que, a su
vez, bloquea los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 en una posición cerrada
contra el tejido. El instrumento está ahora situado para la
aplicación selectiva de energía electroquirúrgica para la formación
de la obturación 152 en el tejido.
Como se aprecia mejor en la fig. 2, la
reiniciación o el asido de nuevo de la empuñadura 82 mueve la
pestaña 83 en general proximalmente a lo largo del nuevo pasaje de
salida redirigido 95, hasta que el extremo 92 libera un reborde 94
dispuesto a lo largo del pasaje de salida 95. Una vez que el reborde
94 está suficientemente despejado, la empuñadura 82 y la pestaña 83
son total y libremente liberables de la empuñadura 84 a lo largo
del pasaje de salida 95 tras la reducción de la presión de asir, que
a su vez retorna los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 a la posición
abierta y preactivada.
Como antes se ha dicho, el conjunto 80 de
alojamiento y empuñadura aloja un conjunto 70 de accionamiento que
coopera con la empuñadura móvil 82, para impartir un movimiento
relativo de los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 para asir el tejido
150.
En general, y a los fines de la presente
descripción, el conjunto de accionamiento 70 incluye un resorte de
compresión 72, un vástago de accionamiento 40, y un manguito de
compresión 98 (fig. 2). Como se aprecia mejor en la vista ampliada
de la fig. 4, el vástago de accionamiento 40 es desplazable
telescópica e interiormente dentro de un manguito 48 de la
cuchilla. El movimiento del vástago de accionamiento 40 con relación
al manguito de la cuchilla 48 imparte movimiento a los miembros de
mordaza 22 y 24. Un miembro de lengüeta 46 está dispuesto en el
extremo libre 42 del vástago de accionamiento 40, que define una
muesca 43 entre la lengüeta 46 y el extremo 42. La lengüeta 46 y la
muesca 43 cooperan mecánicamente con el resorte de compresión 72
para impartir movimiento al árbol 40 con relación al manguito 49 de
cuchilla, lo que a su vez abre y cierra los miembros de mordaza 22
y 24 en torno al tejido 150.
Como antes se ha expuesto, el movimiento del
conjunto 80 de empuñadura por medio de la conexión de cuatro
barras, hace finalmente que el enlace a modo de leva 76 gire en
general en sentido a la derecha en torno al pivote 75 (es decir,
proximalmente), que a su vez comprime el resorte 72 proximalmente
contra una pestaña 77 dispuesta dentro de la porción superior de la
empuñadura fija 84. A su vez, el movimiento del resorte 72 mueve el
vástago de accionamiento 49 con relación al manguito 48 de la
cuchilla, que mueve los miembros de mordaza opuestos 22 y 24 entre
sí. Como puede apreciarse, la ventaja mecánica significativa
asociada a la conexión de cuatro barras permite una fácil,
consistente y uniforme compresión del resorte 72 que, a su vez,
permite una fácil, consistente y uniforme compresión de los miembros
de mordaza 22 y 24 en torno al tejido 150.
Una vez asido el tejido 150 entre los miembros
de mordaza opuestos 22 y 24, energía electroquirurgica puede ser
suministrada a dichos miembros 22 y 24 a través de una interfaz
electroquirúrgica 110 dispuesta dentro de la empuñadura 84.
El fórceps 10 incluye también un disparador 86
que desplaza alternativamente el manguito de cuchilla 48 que, a su
vez, desplaza alternativamente una cuchilla 60 dispuesta dentro del
conjunto accionador de extremo 20 como se expone más adelante (fig.
5). Una vez formada la obturación 152 del tejido (fig. 7), el
usuario puede activar el disparador 86 para separar el tejido 150,
como se muestra en la fig. 9, a lo largo de la citada obturación
152 del tejido. Como puede apreciarse, la cuchilla 60 de
desplazamiento alternativo permite al usuario separar rápidamente
el tejido 150 inmediatamente después de la obturación, sin sustituir
un instrumento de corte a través de la parte de cánula o trocar (no
mostrados). Esta previsto que la cuchilla 60 facilite también una
separación más precisa del vaso 150 a lo largo de un plano de corte
ideal "B-B" asociado a la obturación 152 de
tejido formada recientemente (véanse las figs. 7-9).
La cuchilla 60 incluye preferiblemente un borde aguzado 62 para
cortar el tejido 150 sostenido entre los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24
en el lugar de la obturación 152 (fig. 7). Está previsto que la
cuchilla 60 pueda ser acoplada también a la fuente de energía
electroquirúrgica, para facilitar la separación del tejido 150 a lo
largo de la obturación 162.
Preferiblemente, el conjunto de empuñadura 80
puede incluir también un mecanismo de bloqueo (no mostrado) que
impida la activación del disparador 86 hasta que los miembros de
mordaza 22 y 24 estén cerrados, y se hallen cerrados
sustancialmente en torno al tejido 150. Por ejemplo, y como se
aprecia mejor en la fig. 2, el camino de salida 95 puede estar
dimensionado de modo que el disparador 86 se active sólo cuando la
pestaña 83 esté dispuesta en una posición predefinida o
predeterminada, que proporcione suficiente holgura para la
activación del disparador 86, por ejemplo asentada dentro de un
hueco de captación 93. Está previsto que la configuración del
conjunto de empuñadura 80 de este modo pueda reducir las
posibilidades de activación prematura del disparador 86, antes de
la activación electroquirúrgica y la obturación.
Un conjunto giratorio 88 puede ser incorporado
también con el fórceps 10. Preferiblemente, el conjunto giratorio
88 está asociado mecánicamente al árbol 12 y al conjunto de
accionamiento. Como se aprecia mejor en la fig. 4, el árbol 12
incluye una abertura 44 situada en él, que establece una interfaz
mecánica con el correspondiente retenedor (no mostrado) fijo al
conjunto giratorio 88, de modo que el movimiento giratorio del
conjunto giratorio 88 imparta un movimiento rotatorio similar al
árbol 12, que a su vez gira el conjunto 20 accionador de extremo en
torno a un eje longitudinal \cdot"A".
Como se aprecia mejor en las figs. 3, 5 y
6A-6F, el conjunto 20 accionador de extremo se une
al extremo distal 14 del árbol 12. El conjunto 20 accionador de
extremo incluye el primer miembro de mordaza 22, el segundo miembro
de mordaza 24 y la cuchilla 60 de movimiento alternativo dispuesta
entre aquellos. Los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 son pivotables
preferiblemente en torno a un pivote 37 desde las posiciones abierta
a cerrada, al producirse el movimiento alternativo relativo, es
decir, el movimiento longitudinal, del vástago de accionamiento 42
como antes se ha dicho.
Cada una de los miembros de mordaza incluye una
superficie obturadora 35 eléctricamente conductiva, dispuesta en la
superficie enfrentada hacia dentro 34 de aquellos, y un aislador 30
dispuesto sobre una superficie 39 que mira hacia fuera de ellos.
Está previsto que las superficies conductivas eléctricamente 35
cooperen para obturar el tejido 150 sostenido entre ellas al
aplicar la energía electroquirúrgica. Los aisladores 30, juntamente
con las superficies exteriores no conductivas 35 de los miembros de
mordaza 22 y 24, están dimensionados preferiblemente para limitar
y/o reducir muchos de los defectos indeseables conocidos
relacionados con la obturación de tejidos, por ejemplo formación de
arco, expansión térmica y disipación de corrientes de fuga.
Está previsto que las superficies obturadoras
conductivas eléctricamente 35 puedan incluir también superficies
bien igualadas que faciliten el acoplamiento seguro de la superficie
eléctricamente conductiva 35 al aislador 30, y que simplifiquen
también el procedimiento general de fabricación. Está previsto que
la superficie obturadora eléctricamente conductiva 35 pueda incluir
también un borde periférico exterior que tenga un radio, y que el
aislador 30 se junte a la superficie obturadora 35 eléctricamente
conductiva a lo largo de un borde de unión que en general sea
tangencial al radio y/o se encuentre a lo largo del radio.
Preferiblemente, en la interfaz, la superficie eléctricamente
conductiva 35 está elevada con relación al aislador 30.
\newpage
Preferiblemente, al menos una de las superficies
eléctricamente conductivas 35 de los miembros de mordaza, por
ejemplo el 22, incluye un canal 36 orientado longitudinalmente
definido en ella, que se extiende desde un extremo proximal 26 a un
extremo distal 28 del miembro de mordaza 22. Está previsto que el
canal 36 facilite el desplazamiento alternativo longitudinal de la
cuchilla 60 a lo largo de un plano de corte preferido
"B-B", para separar de modo efectivo y seguro
el tejido 150 a lo largo de la obturación de tejido formada 152
(véanse las figs. 7-9). Preferiblemente, los
miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 del conjunto 20 accionador de extremo
están aislados eléctricamente entre sí, de modo que energía
electroquirúrgica pueda ser transferida de modo efectivo a través
del tejido 150, para formar la obturación 152.
Como antes se ha mencionado, al moverse la
empuñadura 82, los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 se juntan y asen
tejido 150. En este punto, la pestaña 83 queda retenida dentro del
espacio captor 93 que, junto con la ventaja mecánica asociada al
mecanismo de cuatro barras y al resorte 70, mantiene una fuerza
axial proporcional sobre el vástago de accionamiento 40, que a su
vez mantiene una fuerza compresiva entre los miembros de mordaza
opuestos 22 y 24 contra el tejido 150. Esta previsto que el conjunto
accionador 20 del extremo pueda ser dimensionado para descargar
unas fuerzas de sujeción excesivas, para prevenir el fallo mecánico
de ciertos elementos operativos internos del accionador de
extremo.
Mediante el control de la intensidad, la
frecuencia y la duración de la energía electroquirúrgica aplicada
al tejido 150, el usuario puede cauterizar, obturar por
coagular/desecar y/o simplemente reducir o retardar el sangrado.
Como antes se ha mencionado, dos factores mecánicos juegan un papel
importante en la determinación del grosor resultante del tejido
obturado, y de la efectividad de la obturación, es decir, la presión
aplicada entre los miembros de mordaza opuestos 22 y 24 y la
distancia de separación entre las superficies obturadoras opuestas
35 de los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 durante el procedimiento de
obturación. Sin embargo, el grosor de la obturación 152 resultante
del tejido no puede ser controlada adecuadamente sólo por la fuerza.
Dicho en otros términos, con demasiada fuerza los dos miembros de
mordaza 22 y 24 se tocan. y posiblemente entran en cortocircuito,
lo que hará que una escasa energía se desplace a través del tejido
150, resultando así una mala obturación 152 del tejido. Con una
fuerza demasiado pequeña, la obturación 152 resultará demasiado
gruesa.
La aplicación de una fuerza correcta es también
importante por otras razones: para exponer las paredes del vaso,
para reducir la impedancia del tejido a un valor suficientemente
bajo que permita una corriente suficiente a través del tejido 150 y
para vencer las fuerzas de expansión durante el caldeo del tejido,
además de contribuir a la creación del requerido grosor del tejido
final, que es una indicación de una buena obturación.
Preferiblemente, las superficies obturadoras
conductivas 35 de los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 son relativamente
planas, para evitar concentraciones de corriente en bordes agudos, y
para evitar arcos entre puntos altos. Además, y debido a la fuerza
de reacción del tejido 150 cuando es acoplado, los miembros de
mordaza 22 y 24 son fabricados preferiblemente para resistirse al
curvado. Por ejemplo, y como se aprecia mejor en la fig. 6A, los
miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 son ahusados preferiblemente a lo largo
de la anchura "W", lo que resulta ventajoso por dos razones:
1) el ahusamiento aplicará una presión constante para un grosor del
tejido constante en paralelo, 2) la porción proximal más gruesa de
los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 se resistirá al curvado debido a la
fuerza de reacción del tejido 150.
Como se aprecia mejor en las figs.
5-6F, con objeto de conseguir un espaciado deseado
entre las superficies 35 eléctricamente conductivas y los
respectivas miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 (por ejemplo, el hueco de
separación), y aplicar una fuerza deseada para obturar el tejido
150, al menos uno de los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 incluye unos
miembros de tope, por ejemplo 60ª, que limitan el movimiento de los
miembros de mordaza opuestos 22 y 24 entre sí. Preferiblemente, los
miembros de tope, por ejemplo 50a, se extienden desde la superficie
obturadora o superficie 35 de contacto del tejido una distancia
predeterminada de acuerdo con las propiedades del material
especificas (por ejemplo, resistencia a la compresión, expansión
térmica, etc.) para proporcionar una distancia del hueco uniforme y
precisa durante la obturación. Preferiblemente, la distancia del
hueco entre superficies de obturación opuestas 35 durante unos
márgenes de trabajo aproximados de 25 a 127 \mum, y más
preferiblemente de entre aproximadamente 51 y aproximadamente 76
\mum.
Con preferencia, los miembros de tope están
50a-50g están hechos de un material aislante, por
ejemplo parileno, nilón y/o cerámica, y están dimensionados para
limitar los movimientos opuestos de los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24
dentro del margen de separación antes citado. Está previsto que los
miembros de tope 50a-50g puedan ser dispuestos en
uno o ambos miembros de mordaza 22 y 24, en función de la finalidad
particular o para conseguir un resultado particular.
Las figs. 6A-6F muestran
diversas configuraciones contempladas de los miembros de tope no
conductivos 50a-50g dispuestos sobre, a lo largo, o
sobresaliendo a través del miembro de mordaza 24. Está previsto que
uno o más miembros de tope, por ejemplo 50a y 50g, puedan ser
situados en uno cualquiera o ambos miembros de mordaza 22 y 24, en
función de una finalidad particular o para conseguir un resultado
deseado. Como puede ser apreciado en la presente descripción, las
diversas configuraciones de los miembros de tope
50a-50g están diseñadas para limitar el movimiento
del tejido 150 antes y durante la activación, y evitar el
cortocircuitado de los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 a medida que es
comprimido dicho tejido 150.
Las figs. 6A y 6B muestran una posible
configuración de los miembros de tope 50a-50g para
controlar la distancia de separación entre superficies de
obturación opuestas 35. Más particularmente, un par de miembros de
tope 50a a modo de lengüeta orientados longitudinalmente, están
dispuestos en proximidad al centro de la superficie 35 de
obturación, sobre un lado del canal 36 de cuchilla del miembro de
mordaza 24. Un segundo miembro de tope, por ejemplo 50b, está
dispuesto en el extremo proximal 26 del miembro de mordaza 24, y un
tercer miembro de tope 50g está dispuesto en la punta distal 28 del
miembro de mordaza 24. Preferiblemente, los miembros de tope
50a-50g pueden estar configurados de cualquier modo
geométrico, por ejemplo triangular, rectilíneo, circular, ovalado,
festoneado, en función de la finalidad particular. Además, se
contempla que cualquier combinación de miembros de tope diferentes
50a-50g pueda ser montada a lo largo de las
superficies de obturación 35, para conseguir la distancia de
separación deseada.
La fig 6C muestra una primera serie de miembros
de tope 50c a modo de círculo que se extienden desde el extremo
proximal 28 del miembro de mordaza 24 de manera alterna y
descentrada lateralmente entre sí, sobre un lado del canal 36 de
cuchilla, y una segunda serie de miembros de tope a modo de círculo
se extienden desde el extremo distal 26 hasta el extremo proximal
28 del miembro de mordaza 24, de manera alterna y lateralmente
descentrada entre sí sobre el otro lado del canal 36 de cuchilla.
Está previsto que los miembros de tope 50c a modo de círculo sean
sustancialmente de igual tamaño. No obstante, uno o más de dichos
miembros de tope 50c pueden estar dimensionados para ser mayores o
menores que los otros miembros de tope 50c, según dependa de una
finalidad particular o para conseguir un resultado deseado.
La fig. 6D muestra otra configuración más (que
carece de la pluralidad de miembros de tope reseñada en la
reivindicación 1 que figura más adelante), en la que el miembro de
tope está configurado como una cresta 50e orientada
longitudinalmente, que se extiende desde un extremo proximal 26
hasta un extremo distal 28 del miembro de mordaza 24, a lo largo
del lado del canal 36 de cuchilla. Como antes se ha dicho, un
segundo borde 50e orientado longitudinalmente puede disponerse
sobre el miembro de mordaza opuesto 22, sobre el lado opuesto del
canal 36 de cuchilla con fines de obturación. La fig. 6E muestra un
serie de miembros 50f a modo de lengüeta alargados dispuestos con
un cierto ángulo con relación al canal 36 de cuchilla. La fig. 6F
muestra otra configuración más en la que miembros de tope
diferentes, por ejemplo 50a, 50c y 50g están dispuestos como topes
de la superficie de obturación 35 en ambos lados del canal 36 de
cuchilla.
Preferiblemente, los miembros de tope no
conductivos 50a-50g están moldeados sobre los
miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 (por ejemplo, mediante sobremoldeo,
moldeo por inyección, etc.), estampados sobre los miembros de
mordaza 22 y 24, o depositados (por ejemplo, por deposición) sobre
dichos miembros 22 y 24. Los miembros de tope
50a-50g pueden ser unidos también deslizablemente a
los miembros de mordaza, y/o unidos a las superficies
eléctricamente conductivas 35 mediante encaje rápido a presión.
Otras técnicas requieren la pulverización térmica de un material de
cerámica sobre la superficie del miembro de mordaza 22 y 24, para
formar los miembros de tope 50a-50g. Se contemplan
varias técnicas de pulverización térmica, que requieren la
deposición de un margen amplio de materiales aislantes y
resistentes al calor sobre las superficies eléctricamente
conductivas 35, para crear unos miembros de tope
50a-50g, por ejemplo deposición de
Oxi-fuel a alta velocidad, deposición de plasma,
etc.
Está previsto que los miembros de tope
50a-50g sobresalgan desde aproximadamente 25 hasta
127 \mum desde las superficies enfrentadas hacia dentro 35 de los
miembros de mordaza 22 y 24, como puede ser apreciado en la
presente descripción, lo que reduce la posibilidad de cortocircuito
entre las superficie eléctricamente conductivas, y mejora las
características asidoras de los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 durante
la obturación y la división. Preferiblemente, los miembros de tope
50a-50g sobresalen desde aproximadamente 51 hasta 76
\mum desde la superficie eléctricamente conductiva 35 que ha sido
determinada como que proporciona una distancia de separación ideal
para producir unas obturaciones del tejido efectivas, uniformes y
consistentes.
Alternativamente, los miembros de tope
50a-50g pueden ser moldeados sobre la superficie 35
que mira hacia dentro de uno o ambos miembros de mordaza 22 y 24,
o, en algunos casos, puede ser preferible adherir el miembro de
tope 50a-50g a las superficies 35 que miran hacia
dentro de uno o ambos miembros de mordaza 22 y 24, mediante
cualquier método de adherencia conocido. La estampación es definida
aquí como que abarca virtualmente cualquier operación prensora
conocida en este campo, incluyendo, sin limitarse a ello, el
punzonamiento, cizallamiento, formación en frío o en caliente,
tracción, curvado, y troquelado.
Las figs. 6A-6F y
6E-6F muestran algunas de las posibles
configuraciones de los miembros de tope 50a-50f; no
obstante, estas configuraciones se muestran a título de ejemplo, y
no constituyen una limitación. Se contemplan también otras
configuraciones de dichos miembros de tope, que pueden resultar
igualmente efectivas en la reducción de la posibilidad de
cortocircuitos entre superficies 35 eléctricamente conductivas, y
que mejoran la sujeción del tejido durante la obturación y la
división.
Además, aunque es preferible que los miembros de
tope 50a-50g sobresalgan de aproximadamente 25 a 127
\mum, y con preferencia de aproximadamente 51 a 76 \mum desde
las superficies 35 que miran hacia dentro de los miembros de
mordaza 22 y 24, en algunos casos puede ser preferible hacer que
dichos miembros de tope 50a-50g sobresalgan más o
menos, en función de una finalidad particular. Por ejemplo, se
contempla que el tipo de material utilizado para los miembros de
tope 50a-50g, y que la capacidad de los materiales
para absorber las grandes fuerzas de compresión de cierre entre los
miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 varíen, y por tanto, las dimensiones
generales de los miembros de tope 50a-50g pueden
variar también para producir la distancia de separación deseada.
\newpage
Dicho en otros términos, la fuerza de compresión
del material junto con la distancia de separación última o deseada
requerida para una obturación efectiva, son parámetros que son
considerados cuidadosamente cuando se forman los miembros de tope
50a-50g, y un material puede tener que ser
dimensionado diferentemente de otro material, para conseguir la
misma distancia de separación o resultado deseado. Por ejemplo, la
fuerza de compresión del nilón es diferente de la de la cerámica, y
por tanto, el material de nilón puede tener que ser dimensionado
diferentemente, por ejemplo más grueso, para contrarrestar la fuerza
de cierre de los miembros de mordaza opuestos 22 y 24, y conseguir
la misma distancia de hueco deseada cuando se utiliza un miembro de
tope de cerámica
La presente invención es útil en un método para
obturar y dividir tejido, que puede incluir las operaciones de
proporcionar un fórceps bipolar endoscópico 10, las cuales
incluyen:
un árbol alargado 12 que tiene unos miembros de
mordaza opuestos 22 y 24 en un extremo distal 14 de él, que cooperan
para asir el tejido 150 entre ellos;
al menos un miembro de tope no conductivo y
separado 50a-50g, dispuesto sobre una superficie que
mira hacia dentro 35 de al menos uno de los miembros de mordaza, por
ejemplo el 24, que controla la distancia entre los miembros de
mordaza 22 y 24 cuando el tejido 150 es sostenido entre ellos; y
una cuchilla 60.
El método incluye, además, las operaciones de
conectar los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 a una fuente 110 de
energía eléctrica; accionar los miembros de mordaza 22 y 24 para
asir tejido 150 entre dichos miembros 22 y 24 opuestos, conduciendo
energía a través del tejido 150 sujeto entre ellos, para efectuar
una obturación 152 (figs. 7-9); y accionar la
cuchilla 60 para cortar el tejido en proximidad a la obturación
152.
De todo lo expuesto y con referencia a los
diversos dibujos expuestos, los expertos en la técnica apreciarán
que ciertas modificaciones pueden ser introducidas en la presente
descripción, sin apartarse del alcance de ella. Por ejemplo, puede
ser preferible añadir otras características al fórceps 10, por
ejemplo un conjunto articulado para desplazar axialmente el
conjunto accionador 20 de extremo con respecto al árbol alargado
12.
Además, se contempla que el fórceps aquí
descrito pueda incluir un conjunto accionador de extremo desechable,
que selectivamente es acoplable al menos a una porción del
instrumento electroquirúrgico, por ejemplo el árbol 12 y/o el
conjunto de empuñadura 80.
Claims (12)
1. Un fórceps bipolar endoscópico (10) para
sellar y dividir tejido, que comprende:
un árbol alargado (12) que tiene miembros de
mordaza opuestos (22,24) en su extremo distal, siendo los miembros
de mordaza desplazables entre sí desde una primera posición, en la
que los miembros de mordaza están dispuestos en relación separada
entre sí, hasta una segunda posición en la que los miembros de
mordaza cooperan para asir tejido (150) entre ellos;
estando cada miembro de mordaza adaptado (110)
para ser conectado a una fuente de energía eléctrica, teniendo cada
miembro de mordaza una superficie (35) eléctricamente conductiva que
mira hacia dentro de modo que las superficies eléctricamente
conductivas de los miembros de mordaza se enfrentan entre sí y son
capaces de conducir energía a través del tejido sujeto entre ellos
para efectuar una obturación (152);
en el que al menos una de dichas superficies
eléctricamente conductivas que miran hacia dentro incluye un canal
orientado longitudinalmente (36) para dividir dicha superficie
eléctricamente conductiva en una primera mitad y una segunda
mitad;
una cuchilla (60) de movimiento alternativo
dispuesta en el canal orientado longitudinalmente para cortar
tejido próximo a la obturación; caracterizado porque
comprende, además
una pluralidad de primeros miembros de tope no
conductivos (50a) dispuestos en la superficie que mira hacia dentro
de al menos uno de los miembros de mordaza, actuando los topes para
controlar la distancia entre las superficies eléctricamente
conductivas enfrentadas de los miembros de mordaza opuestos cuando
tejido es sujeto entre ellos y limitar
el movimiento del tejido durante el movimiento alternativo longitudinal de la cuchilla de movimiento alternativo; y
el movimiento del tejido durante el movimiento alternativo longitudinal de la cuchilla de movimiento alternativo; y
en el que la pluralidad de primeros miembros de
tope está dispuesta en forma de una primera serie orientada
longitudinalmente de miembros de tope que se extienden desde un
extremo proximal hasta un extremo distal que sobresalen de la
primera mitad de la superficie eléctricamente conductiva, y/o en la
forma de una segunda serie orientada longitudinalmente de miembros
de tope que se extienden desde un extremo proximal hasta un extremo
distal que sobresalen de la segunda mitad de la superficie
eléctricamente conductiva.
2. Un fórceps bipolar endoscópico para obturar y
dividir tejido según la reivindicación 1, en el que el miembro de
tope está fabricado de parileno, nilón o cerámica.
3. Un fórceps bipolar endoscópico para obturar y
dividir tejido según las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que el
miembro de tope sobresale 25,4 \mum a 127 \mum de la superficie
que mira hacia dentro del miembro de mordaza.
4. Un fórceps bipolar endoscópico para obturar y
dividir tejido según la reivindicación 3, en el que el miembro de
tope sobresale 50,8 \mum a 76,2 \mum de la superficie que mira
hacia dentro del miembro de mordaza.
5. Un fórceps bipolar endoscópico para obturar y
dividir tejido según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4,
en el que el miembro de tope está adherido al miembro de mordaza por
pulverización térmica.
6. Un fórceps bipolar endoscópico para obturar y
dividir tejido según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4,
en el que el miembro de tope está adherido al miembro de mordaza por
un adhesivo.
7. Un fórceps bipolar endoscópico para obturar y
dividir tejido según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4,
en el que el miembro de tope está adherido al miembro de mordaza por
un proceso de moldeado.
8. Un fórceps bipolar endoscópico para obturar y
dividir tejido según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones
precedentes, en el que el fórceps incluye un conjunto (70) de
varilla de accionamiento que conecta los miembros de mordaza con la
fuente de energía eléctrica de modo que el primer miembro de mordaza
tiene un primer potencial eléctrico y el segundo miembro de mordaza
tiene un segundo potencial eléctrico; y
una empuñadura (84) unida al conjunto de varilla
de accionamiento para impartir movimiento de los miembros de mordaza
primero y segundo desde las posiciones primera y segunda.
9. Un fórceps bipolar endoscópico para obturar y
dividir tejido según la reivindicación 8, y que comprende, además,
un disparador (86) que activa mecánicamente la cuchilla.
10. Un fórceps bipolar endoscópico para obturar
y dividir tejido según la reivindicación 9, en el que el disparador
mueve la cuchilla de modo longitudinalmente alternativo.
11. Un fórceps bipolar endoscópico para obturar
y dividir tejido según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones
precedentes, en el que al menos un segundo miembro de tope está
dispuesto en una superficie que mira hacia dentro del otro de los
miembros de mordaza.
12. Forcéps según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones precedentes, en el que todos de la pluralidad de
miembros de tope no tienen la misma geometría.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2001/011413 WO2002080796A1 (en) | 2001-04-06 | 2001-04-06 | Vessel sealer and divider with non-conductive stop members |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2332143T3 true ES2332143T3 (es) | 2010-01-27 |
Family
ID=21742482
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES01923220T Expired - Lifetime ES2262639T3 (es) | 2001-04-06 | 2001-04-06 | Obturador y divisor de vasos com miembros de tope n oconductivos. |
| ES06002279T Expired - Lifetime ES2332143T3 (es) | 2001-04-06 | 2001-04-06 | Obturador y divisor de vasos con miembros de tope no conductivos. |
| ES06008515T Expired - Lifetime ES2364666T3 (es) | 2001-04-06 | 2001-04-06 | Obturador y divisor de vasos con miembros de tope no conductivos. |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES01923220T Expired - Lifetime ES2262639T3 (es) | 2001-04-06 | 2001-04-06 | Obturador y divisor de vasos com miembros de tope n oconductivos. |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES06008515T Expired - Lifetime ES2364666T3 (es) | 2001-04-06 | 2001-04-06 | Obturador y divisor de vasos con miembros de tope no conductivos. |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (9) | US7473253B2 (es) |
| EP (3) | EP1656901B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP4499992B2 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2001249933B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2442598C (es) |
| DE (2) | DE60121229T2 (es) |
| ES (3) | ES2262639T3 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2002080796A1 (es) |
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-
2001
- 2001-04-06 US US10/471,818 patent/US7473253B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 WO PCT/US2001/011413 patent/WO2002080796A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-04-06 EP EP06002279A patent/EP1656901B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 EP EP01923220A patent/EP1372507B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 EP EP06008515A patent/EP1685806B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 ES ES01923220T patent/ES2262639T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 DE DE60121229T patent/DE60121229T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 JP JP2002578835A patent/JP4499992B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 DE DE60139815T patent/DE60139815D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 ES ES06002279T patent/ES2332143T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 ES ES06008515T patent/ES2364666T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 CA CA2442598A patent/CA2442598C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 AU AU2001249933A patent/AU2001249933B2/en not_active Expired
-
2009
- 2009-01-05 US US12/348,748 patent/US8241284B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2012
- 2012-08-13 US US13/584,194 patent/US20120303026A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2015
- 2015-05-22 US US14/719,584 patent/US20150250532A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-05-22 US US14/719,887 patent/US20150257819A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2016
- 2016-10-31 US US15/338,663 patent/US20170042607A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2018
- 2018-03-05 US US15/911,739 patent/US10251696B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2018-08-02 US US16/053,052 patent/US10265121B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2019
- 2019-04-22 US US16/391,210 patent/US10687887B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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|---|---|
| US10265121B2 (en) | 2019-04-23 |
| AU2001249933B2 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
| ES2262639T3 (es) | 2006-12-01 |
| US20180193087A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
| US7473253B2 (en) | 2009-01-06 |
| ES2364666T3 (es) | 2011-09-12 |
| DE60139815D1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
| US20190247111A1 (en) | 2019-08-15 |
| EP1656901A1 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
| EP1685806A2 (en) | 2006-08-02 |
| DE60121229T2 (de) | 2007-05-24 |
| US20090171350A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
| EP1372507B1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
| US20150250532A1 (en) | 2015-09-10 |
| EP1685806A3 (en) | 2009-02-04 |
| US10251696B2 (en) | 2019-04-09 |
| US20150257819A1 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
| EP1656901B1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
| JP4499992B2 (ja) | 2010-07-14 |
| US10687887B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 |
| US20040122423A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
| JP2004532676A (ja) | 2004-10-28 |
| US20170042607A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
| EP1372507A1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
| CA2442598A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
| DE60121229D1 (de) | 2006-08-10 |
| US20180344385A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
| CA2442598C (en) | 2011-10-04 |
| US20120303026A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
| WO2002080796A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
| US8241284B2 (en) | 2012-08-14 |
| EP1685806B1 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
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