JPH04505763A - 非常に大規模な固定化ペプチド合成 - Google Patents

非常に大規模な固定化ペプチド合成

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Publication number
JPH04505763A
JPH04505763A JP2508966A JP50896690A JPH04505763A JP H04505763 A JPH04505763 A JP H04505763A JP 2508966 A JP2508966 A JP 2508966A JP 50896690 A JP50896690 A JP 50896690A JP H04505763 A JPH04505763 A JP H04505763A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
substrate
region
monomer
light
exposing
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Granted
Application number
JP2508966A
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English (en)
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JP3759161B2 (ja
Inventor
パイアラング，マイケル　シー．
リード，ジェイ．レイトン
フォドア，スティーブン　ピー．エー．
ストライア，ルバート
Original Assignee
アフィメトリックス，　インコーポレイテッド
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Application filed by アフィメトリックス，　インコーポレイテッド filed Critical アフィメトリックス，　インコーポレイテッド
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0046—Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
    • B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C229/14—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of carbon skeletons containing rings
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
    • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D263/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D263/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
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    • C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
    • C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
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    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
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    • C07K1/045—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length on carriers using devices to improve synthesis, e.g. reactors, special vessels
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    • C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
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    • C07K1/061—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length using protecting groups or activating agents using protecting groups
    • C07K1/062—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length using protecting groups or activating agents using protecting groups for alpha- or omega-carboxy functions
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    • C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 段階を更に含んで成る、請求項１に記載の方法。
１７、前記基体上で１０３又はこれより多くの異る配列を合成するように前記段 階が反復される、請求項１に記載の方法。
１日、前記基体上で１０６又はこれより多くの異る配列を合成するように前記段 階が反復される、請求項１に記載の方法。
１９、少なくとも第一モノマー及び第二モノマーを含んで成る複数の化学配列を 合成する方法であって、ａ）少なくとも第−領域及び第二領域（該第−領域及び 第二領域は基体保護基を含んで成る）を有する基体上の第一領域において、該第 −領域を活性化することにより該第−領域中の前記基体保護基を除去する； ｂ）前記第一モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第−モノマーは更に第一モノマー 保護基を含んで成り、該第−モノマーは前記第一領域において結合する； Ｃ）前記第二領域を活性化することにより該第二領域中の前記基体保護基を活性 化する； ｄ）前記第二モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第二七ツマ−は更に第二モノマー 保護基を含んで成り、該第二モノマーは前記第二領域において結合する； ｅ）前記第一領域を活性化することにより前記第一モノマー保護基を除去する； ｆ）第三モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第三モノマーは前記第一領域において 結合して第一配列を生成する；ｇ）前記第二領域を活性化することにより前記第 二モノマー保護基を除去する：並びに ｈ）第四モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第四モノマーは前記第二領域において 結合して第二配列を生成し、該第二配列は前記第一配列と異る； 段階を含んでなる方法。
２０、少なくとも第一モノマー及び第二モノマーを含んで成る複数の化学配列を 合成する方法であって、ａ）少なくとも第−領域及び第二領域を存する基体上で 該第−領域を不活性化することにより該第−領域中に第一保護基を提供する； ｂ）前記第一七ノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第−モノマーは前記第二領域にお いて結合する； Ｃ）前記第一領域中の前記保護基を除去する；ｄ）前記第二領域を不活性化する ことにより該第二領域中に第二保護基を提供する； ｅ）前記第二七ツマ−を前記基体に暴露し、該第二モノマーは前記第一領域にお いて結合する； ｆ）前記第二領域中の前記保護基を除去す゛る；ｇ）前記第一領域を不活性化す ることにより該第−領域中に保護基を提供する； ｈ）第三七ツマ−を前記基体に暴露し、該第三七ツマ−は前記第二領域において 結合して第一配列を生成する；ｉ）前記第一領域中の前記保護基を除去する；ｊ ）第四モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第四モノマーは前記第一領域において結 合して第二配列を生成し、該第二配列は前記第一配列と異る； 段階を含んで成る方法。
２１、基体上で少なくとも第一ポリマー配列及び第二ポリマー配列を合成する方 法であって、該第−ポリマー配列は該第二ポリマー配列とは異るモノマー配列を 有し、ａ）前記基体とエネルギー源との間に第一マスクを挿入し、該マスクは第 −領域及び第二領域を存し、該第−領域は前記エネルギー源からのエネルギーの 通過を許容し、該第二領域は前記エネルギー源からのエネルギーを遮断する；ｂ ）前記エネルギー源からのエネルギーを前記基体に向け、該エネルギーが前記第 一マスクの前記第一領域下の前記第一ポリマーの第一部分から保護基を除去する ；Ｃ）前記第一ポリマーの第二領域を前記基体に暴露することにより第一ポリマ ー配列を生成せしめる；ｄ）前記基体と前記エネルギー源との間に第二マスクを 挿入し、該第二マスクは第−領域及び第二領域を有する；ｅ）前記エネルギー源 からのエネルギーを前記基体に向け、該エネルギーが前記第二ポリマーの第一部 分から前記第二マスクの前記第一領域下の前記保護基を除去する；並びにｆ）前 記第二ポリマーの第二部分を前記基体に暴露し、該第二ポリマーの該第二部分が 該第二ポリマーの前記第一部分と結合して第二ポリマー配列を生成せしめる；段 階を含んで成る方法。
２２、受容体との結合について複数のアミノ酸配列をスクリーニングする方法で あって、 ａ）少なくとも第一表面（該受なくとも第一表面はニトロベラトリルオキシカル ボニル及びニトロベンジルオキシカルボニルから成る群から選択された光保護材 料を含んで成る）を有するガラス板上で、前記少なくとも第一表面を貯蔵のため にｔ−ブトキシカルボニルと反応せしめ、前記ガラス板は少なくとも紫外光に対 して実質的に透過性である；ｂ）前記少なくとも第一表面をＴＦＡに暴露するこ とにより前記Ｌ−ブトキシカルボニルを除去する；Ｃ）前記ガラス板を反応器上 に置き、該反応器は反応空間を含んで成り、前記少なくとも第一表面が該反応空 間に暴露される； ｄ）前記ガラス板上の第一位置にマスクを置き、該マスクは第−場所及び第二場 所を含んで成り、該第−場所は少なくとも紫外光に対して実質的に透過性であり そして該第二場所は少なくとも紫外線に対して実質的に不透過性であり、該第二 場所は前記マスクの第一表面上の光遮断材料を含んで成り、該マスクの該第−表 面は前記ガラス板と接触する；ｅ）前記反応空間を反応溶液で充たす；ｆ）前記 マスクを少なくとも紫外光により照明し、該紫外光が前記マスクの前記第一場所 下で前記ガラス板の前記少なくとも第一表面から前記光保護材料を除去する；ｇ ）前記第一表面を第一アミノ酸に暴露し、該第−アミノ酸は該受なくとも第一表 面の前記光保護材料が除去された領域に結合し、該第−アミノ酸はその末端に前 記光保護基を含んで成る； ｈ）マスクを前記ガラス板と第二位置において接触せしめる； ｉ）前記マスクを少なくとも紫外光により照明し、該紫外光が前記マスクの第一 場所下で前記ガラス板の前記少なくとも第一表面から前記光保護材料を除去する ；ｊ）前記少なくとも第一表面を第二アミノ酸に暴露し、該第二アミノ酸は該受 なくとも第一表面の前記光保護材料が除去された領域に結合し、該第二アミノ酸 はその末端に前記光保護基を含んで成る； ｋ）マスクを前記ガラス板と第三位置において接触せしめる； ｌ）前記マスクを少なくとも紫外光により照明し、該紫外光が前記マスクの前記 第一場所下で前記ガラス板の前記少なくとも第一表面から前記光保護材料を除去 する；ｍ）前記少なくとも第一表面を第三アミノ酸に暴露し、該第三アミノ酸は 該受なくとも第一表面の前記光保護材料が除去された領域に結合する； ｎ）マスクを前記ガラス板と第四位置において接触せしめる； ０）前記マスクを少なくとも紫外線により照明し、該紫外線が前記マスクの前記 第一場所下で前記ガラス板の前記少な（とも第一表面から前記光保護材料を除去 する；ｐ）前記少なくとも第一表面を第四アミノ酸に暴露し、該第四アミノ酸は 該受なくとも第一表面の前記光保護材料が除去された領域に結合し、該受なくと も第一表面は少なくとも第一、第二、第三、及び第四アミノ酸配列を含んで成る ；ｑ）前記少なくとも第一表面を注目の抗体に暴露し、該注目の抗体が前記第一 、第二、第三又は第四アミノ酸配列の少なくとも１つにより強く結合する； ｒ）前記少なくとも第一表面を受容体に暴露し、該受容体は前記注目の抗体を認 識しそしてその複数の場所において結合し、該受容体はフルオレッセインを含ん で成る；Ｓ）前記少なくとも第一表面に光を暴露し、該第−表面は少なくとも前 記より強（結合したアミノ酸配列が位置する領域において蛍光を発する；並びに ｔ）前記少なくとも第一表面を横切る場所に関数として蛍光の強度を検出及び記 録する； 段階を含んで成る方法。
２３、受容体との結合について少なくとも１つのペプチド配列を同定する方法で あって、 ａ）各々が光除去可能な保護基を有する複数のポリペプチドを有する基体上で、 第一の選択されたポリペプチドを照射することによって前記保護基を除去する； ｂ）前記ポリペプチドを第一アミノ酸と接触せしめることにより第一配列を生成 せしめ、前記基体上の第二ポリペプチドは第二配列を含んで成る；及び Ｃ）前記第−配列又は第二配列のいずれが前記受容体と結合するかを同定する； 段階を含んで成る方法。
２４、複数のポリマーを製造するための装置であって、ａ）エネルギー源への暴 露に際して活性化されてモノマーと反応する反応性部分を含んで成る表面を有す る基体；及びｂ）前記表面の部分を前記エネルギー源から選択的に保護及び暴露 するための手段； を含んで成る装置。
２５、前記反応性部分が更に保護基を含んで成り、該保護基が次の式： （式中、Ｒ，はアルコキシ、アルキル、ハロゲン、アリール、アルケニル又は水 素であり；Ｒ２はアルコキシ、アルキル、ハロゲン、アリール、ニトロ又は水素 であり；Ｒ３はアルコキシ、アルキル、ハロゲン、ニトロ、アリール又は水素で あり；Ｒ４はアルコキシ、アルキル、水素、アリール、ハロゲン又はニトロであ 、す；Ｒ１はアルキル、アルキニル、シアノ、アルコキシ、水素、ハロゲン、ア リール又はアルケニルである）で表わされる、請求項２４に記載の装置。
２６、前記反応性部分が更にリンカ−分子を含んで成る、請求項２４に記載の装 置。
２７、前記リンカ−分子がエチレングリコールオリゴマー、ジアミン、二酸、ア ミノ酸、及びこれらの組合せから成る群から選択されたものである、請求項２． ６に記載の装置。
２８、選択的保護のための前記手段がさらにマスクを含んで成る、請求項２４に 記載の装置。
２９、前記選択的保護のための前記手段が更に光バルブを含んで成る、請求項２ ４に記載の装置。
３０、前記エネルギー源が光源である、請求項２４に記載の装置。
３１、前記反応性部分が更に、ニトロベラトリルオキシカルボニル、ニトロベン ジルオキシカルボニル、ジメチル−ジメトキシベンジルオキシカルボニル、５− ブロモ−７−二トロインドリニル、ヒドロキシ−２−メチルシンナモイル、及び ２−オキシメチレンアンスラキノンから成る群から選択された組成物を含んで成 る、請求項２４に記載の装置。
３２、その上に複数のアミノ酸配列を有する基体の製造のための装置であって、 ａ）表面を有する基体； ｂ）光、電子ビーム及びＸ−線放射から成る群から選択されたエネルギー源への 暴露の際に除去され得る、前記表面上の保護基； Ｃ）前記表面上の選択された場所に前記エネルギー源を向けるための手段；並び に ｄ）前記表面への結合のために該表面にアミノ酸を暴露するための手段： を含んで成る装置。
３３、表面を有する基体を含んで成るポリマーをスクリーニングするための装置 であって、該表面は少なくとも２個のあらかじめ定められた領域を含んで成り、 該あらかじめ定められた領域はその上に異るモノマー配列を含み、該あらかじめ 定められた領域の各々が約０．１ｄ未満の面積を占めることを特徴とする装置。
３４、前記面積が約０．０１ａｌ１未満である、請求項３３に記載の装置。
３５、前記面積が１００００．１１１１”未満である、請求項３３に記載の装置 。
３６、前記面積が１００−”未満である、請求項３３に記載の装置。
３７、前記モノマー配列が前記あらかじめ定められた領域内で実質的に純粋であ る、請求項３３，３４．３５又は３６に記載の装置。
３８、その表面上のあらかじめ定められた領域にｌＯ３又はそれより多くの異る リガンドを含んで成る、生物学的活性についてスクリーニングするための基体。
３９、前記基体があらかじめ定められた領域内に１０４又はそれより多くの異る リガンドを含んで成る、請求項３８に記載の基体。
４０、前記基体があらかじめ定められた領域内に１０’又はそれより多（の異る リガンドを含んで成る、請求項３８に記載の基体。
４１、前記基体があらかじめ定められた領域内に１０６又はそれより多くのリガ ンドを含んで成る、請求項３８に記載の基体。
４２、前記リガンドがペプチドである、請求項３Ｂ、３９゜４０又は４１に記載 の基体。
４３、前記リガンドが前記あらかじめ定められた領域内で実質的に純粋である、 請求項３３に記載の基体。
４４、生物学的活性についてスクリーニングするための装置であって、 ａ）複数のポリマー配列を含んで成る基体（該ポリマー配列は該基体上の既知の 場所において該基体の表面に結合されており、該配列の各々は約０．１ｄ未満の 面積を占めている）；ｂ）蛍光標識により標識されており前記配列の少なくとも １つと結合する受容体に前記基体と暴露する手段；並びにＣ）前記基体上の前記 蛍光標識の場所を検出するための手段； を含んで成る装置。′ ４５、複数のポリマーを形成するための装置であって、ａ）少なくとも第一表面 と光除去可能な保護材料を含んで成る第二表面とを有し、且つ少なくとも第一の 波長の光に対して実質的に透過性である基体； ｂ）その内の反応流体空隙と共に載置表面を有する反応器体（前記第二表面が該 載置表面と密封関係に維持される）；並びに Ｃ）前記基体の表面に向けられる、少なくとも前記の第一波長の光を発生するた めの光源； を含んで成る装置。
４６、基体上の蛍光標識された領域を検出するための装置であって、 ａ）前記基体の表面に光をむけるための光源；ｂ）前記光源に応答して前記表面 から発生した蛍光を検出する手段； Ｃ）前記基体を第一位置から第二位置に移行するための手段；並びに ｄ）前記基体上の場所の関数として蛍光強度を格納するための、前記移行手段及 び前記検出手段に連絡された手段；を含んで成る装置。
明　細　書 著作権告知 本特許文書の一部は著作権保護にゆだねられる内容を含む。
本著作権者は本特許文書又は特許開示が米国特許商標子の特許包装中に存在する 時いずれの者による複写再生に対しても異存はないが、その他の場合はいかなる 場合もすべての著作権を留保する。
発明の背景 本発明は既知の場所における物質の合成及び配置に関する。
特に、本発明の１つの態様は単一基体表面上の既知の場所における種々の化学配 列の製造のための方法及び関連する装置を提供する。本発明は例えばオリゴマー 、ペプチド、核酸、オリゴサツカライド、ホスホリピド、ポリマー又は薬剤同類 調製物の製造の分野において、特に生物活性についてのスクリーニングにおいて 使用するための化学的多様性の源を創製するために適用され得る。
構造と分子の活性との関係は生物学的系の研究における基本的な事項である。構 造−活性関係は酵素の機能、細胞が相互に連絡し合う方法、並びに細胞制御及び フィードバック系を理解するために重要である。
ある種の巨大分子が、非常に特異的な三次元空間的及び電予約分布を有する他の 分子と相互作用しそして結合することが知られている。この様な特異性を有する すべての大分子は、それが代謝中間体の加水分解を触媒する酵素であるか、イオ ンの膜輸送を中介する細胞表面蛍白質であるか、近隣の細胞に対して特定の細胞 を同定するのに役立つ糖蛋白質であるか、血漿中で循環しているＩｇＧ−クラス 抗体であるか、核内のＤＮＡのオリゴヌクレオチド配列であるか等に拘らず、受 容体（ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ）と考えることができる。受容体が選択的に結合する種 々の分子はリガンド（１ｉｇａｎｄ）として知られる。
既知の受容体及びリガンドの結合親和性を測定するために多くの測定方法が利用 可能であるが、この様な実験から得られる情報は利用可能なリガンドの数及びタ イプによりしばしば制限される。新規なリガンドは時として、偶然に、又はＸ− 線結晶像分析及び蛋白質のための遺伝子組換技法を含めて、分子構造の解明のた めの新たな技法の適用により発見される。
小ペプチドは構造と生物学的機能との間の関連性を探求するための例示的系であ る。ペプチドはアミノ酸の配列である。
２０！ｉの天然アミノ酸がポリマー分子に縮合されるとき、それらは広範囲の種 類の三次元構造を形成し、それぞれは特定のアミノ酸配列及び溶剤条件に蟇く。
２０種類の天然アミノ酸の可能なペンタペプチドの数は、例えば２０５又は３゜ ２００．０００の異るペプチドである。このサイズの分子が受容体結合研究にお いて有用であるらしいことは、幾つかの抗体が数個のアミノ酸という短い配列を 高い特異性をもって認識することを示すエピトープ分析研究により支持される。
さらに、アミノ酸の平均分子量は小ペプチドを、多くの現在有用な医薬製剤のサ イズ範囲に置（。
医薬の発見は、構造−活性関係のこの様な研究に頼る研究の１つのタイプである 。はとんどの場合、生物学的に重要な受容体に対する特異性の望ましいパターン を有する新規なリガンドを発見する過程として、同時代的医薬研究を記載するこ とができる。他の例は、農業において使用するための新規な化合物、例えば殺虫 剤及び除草剤を発見するための研究である。
時として、リガンドを設計するための合理的な工程の解決は困難であり又は弾力 性に欠けるものである。多数の異るポリマーを調製するための従来の方法は、効 果的で合理的な又はランダムなスクリーニングを可能にするのに十分な規模で用 いられる場合、骨が折れるほど遅かった。例えば、固体支持体上でのペプチドの 合成のためにメリフィールド（Ｍｅｒｒｉｆｉｅｌｄ）法（Ｊ、Ａｍ、Ｃｈｅｍ 、Ｓｏｃ、　（１９６３）８５　：　２１４９−２１５４）が使用されている。
メリフィールド法においてはアミノ酸が不溶性ポリマーから作られた支持体に共 有結合される。α−保ｆｌｌ！基を有する他のアミノ酸が、前記共有結合したア ミノ酸と反応してジペプチドを形成する。洗浄の後、保護基が除去され、そして α−保護基を有する第三のアミノ酸が前記ジペプチドに加えられる。この工程は 、所望の長さ及び配列のペプチドが得られるまで続けられる。メリフィールド法 を用いる場合、１日に百を越えるペプチド配列を合成することば経済的に実際的 ではない。
より多数のポリマー配列を合成するため、ポリマー合成のための一連の反応容器 を使用することも提案されている。例えば、試薬の自動化された逐次的付加によ り固相支持体上で直鎖状ポリマーを合成するためにチューブ状反応系を用いるこ とができる。この方法はなお、効果的で経済的なスクリーニングのために十分な だけ多数のポリマー配列の合成を可能にしない。
多数の配列を調製するための方法が更に知られており、この方法においては礼状 （ｆｏｒａｍｉｎｏｕｓ）容器が既知量の反応性粒子を封入しており、この粒子 は該容器の孔より大きなサイズを有する。この容器は所望の材料と選択的に反応 して生成分分子の所望の配列を合成することができる。当業界において知られて いる他の方法の場合と同様に、この方法は、効果的なスクリーニングのために十 分に多様なポリペプチドを合成するために特に用いることができない。
他の技法も記載されている。これらの方法には、標準的マイクロタイタープレー トの方式に合致する９６個のプラスチックピン上でのペプチドの合成が含まれる 。不都合なことには、これらの技法はある程度有用ではあるが実質的な問題点が 残ったままである。例えば、これらの方法は、経済的に合成することができスク リーニングすることができる配列の多様性において制限されたままである。
以上のことから、知られた場所において種々の化学的配列を合成するための改良 された方法及び装置がめられている。
発明の概要 種々のポリマーの合成のための改良された方法及び装置が開示される。
１つの好ましい態様においては、リンカ−分子が基体上に与えられる。このリン カ−分子の一端には、光除去可能な（ｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｍｏｖａｂｌｅ）保護基に より保護された反応性官能基が設けられる。リソグラフ（ｌ　ｉ　ｔｈｏｇｒａ ｐｈｙ）法を用いて、第一の選択された領域において、光除去可能な保護基が光 に暴露されそしてリンカ−分子から除去される。次に基体を洗浄し、又は単−モ ノマーと接触せしめる。この第一モノマーはリンカ−分子上の露出された官能基 と反応する。好ましい態様においては、モノマーはそのアミノ末端又はカルボキ シ末端に光除去可能な保護基を含むアミノ酸であり、そしてリンカ−分子は光除 去可能な保護基を担持するアミノ基又はカルボキシ酸基を末端として有する。
次に、第二セットの選択された領域を光に暴露し、そしてリンカ−分子／保護さ れたアミノ酸上の光除去可能な保護基を該第二セットの領域において除去する。
次に、基体を、暴露された官能基との反応のために光除去可能な保護基を含有す る第二モノマーと接触せしめる。所望の長さ及び所望の化学配列を有するポリマ ーが得られるまで選択的にモノマーを通用するためにその工程を反復する０次に 、光感受性基を場合によっては除去し、そして次に配列を場合によってはキャッ プする。側鎖保護基が存在する場合はそれらも除去される。
本明細書に開示するリソグラフ法を用いることにより、基体上の相対的に小さな 且つ正確に知られた場所に光を向けることが可能である。従って、基体上の知ら れた場所において知られた化学配列のポリマーを合成することが可能である。
得られる基体は、例えば生物学的活性について多数のポリマーをスクリーニング することを含めて種々の用途を有するであろう。生物学的活性をスクリーニング するためには、基体を１又は複数の受容体、例えば抗体、全体細胞、小胞上の受 容体、脂質、又は他の種々の受容体のいずれかに暴露する。
受容体は好ましくは例えば蛍光標識、放射能標識、又は受容体と反応性の標識さ れた抗体により標識される。基体上の標識の位置は例えば光子検出法又はオート ラジオグラフィー法により検出される。結合が検出される位置における物質の配 列の知識を通して、どの配列が受容体を結合するかを迅速に決定することができ 、そしてそれ故にこの技法を用いて多数のペプチドをスクリーニングすることが できる。本発明の他の可能な用途には診断が含まれ、この場合、特定の受容体に 対する種々の抗体が基体上に置かれ、そして例えば血清が免疫不全についてスク リーニングされるであろう。更なる用途には、例えば、半導体装置における有機 物質の選択的「ドーピングＪ　（ｄｏｐｉｎｇ）等が含まれる。
本発明の１つの観点に関して、ポリマーを合成するための選択された反応器系も 開示される。この反応器系は、周辺付近で基体と適合する基体台を含む。この基 体台は基体と該台との間に反応器空間を備えており、それを通して又はその中に 反応流体がポンプ輸送され又は流れる。反応器空間中の基体の選択された領域を 脱保護するように、基体上にマスクが置かれ又は集中され、そして照明される。
七ツマ−が反応器空間を通ってポンプ輸送され又は基体と接触され、そして脱保 護された領域と反応する。基体上の領域を選択的に脱保護し、そして反応空間を 通して所定の七ツマ−を流すことにより、知られた場所において所望のポリマー を合成することができる。
改良された検出装置及び方法も開示される。この検出方法及び装置は、基体の表 面上の知られた位置に非常に多様なポリマー配列を有する基体を用いる。基体は 蛍光標識された受容体に暴露され、該受容体は１又は複数のポリマー配列と結合 する。基体は、結合が起った位置の特定のために顕微鏡検出装置内に置かれる。
この顕微鏡検出装置は基体に光を向けるための単色光源又は多色光源、基体から の蛍光を検出するための手段、及び蛍光の場所を決定するための手段を含む。
基体上の蛍光を検出するための手段は幾つかの態様においては光子カウンターを 含むであろう。蛍光の位置を決定するための手段は基体のためのｘ／ｙ移動（ｔ ｒａｎｓｌａｔｉ。
ｎ）を含むであろう。スライドの移動及びデーターの収集は適切にプログラムさ れたデジタルコンピューターにより記録されそして受理される。
本発明の性質及び利点の更なる理解は本明細書の残りの部分及び添付された図面 への言及により実現されるであろう。
図面の簡単な説明　・ 図１は、第一場所における基体のマスク及び照射を示す。
基体は断面として示されており； 図２は、モノマー「Ａ」の適用後の基体を示し；図３は、第二場所における基体 の照射を示し；図４は、モノマー「Ｂ」の適用後の基体を示し；図５は、「Ａ」 モノマーの照射を示し；図６は、ｒＢ、の第二の適用後の基体を示し；図７は、 完成された基体を示し； 図８Ａ及び８Ｂは、基体上の複数のポリマーを形成するための反応器系のいずれ か選択可能な具体例を示し；図９は、基体上の蛍光標識の位置を決定するための 検出装置を示し； 図１０Ａ〜ＩＯＭは、モノマー「Ａ」及びｒＢ、のトリマーの製造に適用される 場合の方法を示し；図１１Ａ、ＩＩＢ及びＩＩＣは、標準的蛍光ビーズについて の蛍光追跡線であり； 図１２Ａ及び１２Ｂは、それぞれ、光に暴露されていないＮＶＯＣスライド及び 光に暴露されたＮＶＯＣスライドについての蛍光線であり； 図１３Ａ及び１３Ｂは、標識されたＨｅｒｚ抗体に暴露されたＹＧＧＦＬ及びＧ ＧＦＬのチェンカーボードパターンを有するスライドの形成を示し；そして 図１４Ａ及び１４Ｂは、２個の異るガラススライド上で合成された１６の配列の マツピングを示す。
好ましい態様の詳細な説明 目　次 ■、用語集 ■、一般 ■、ポリマー合成 ■０反応器系の１態様の詳細 ■、蛍光検出装置の１１１様の詳細 Ｈ，受容体の相対結合強度の決定 ■、実施例 Ａ、スライドの調製 Ｂ、「Ａ」及びｒＢ、の８種のトライマーの合成Ｃ，アミノ保護基及び蛍光基の ダイマーの合成り、シグナルの可能性の証明 Ｅ、単位面積当り分子の数の証明 Ｆ、ＮＶＯＣの除去及び蛍光標識の付加Ｇ、ＮＶＯＣの除去におけるマスクの使 用Ｈ，ＹＧＧＦＬの付加並びにこれに続（Ｈｅｒｚ抗体及びヤギ抗マウスへの暴 露 Ｉ、ＹＧＧＦＬのモノマー並列形成及びそれに続く標識された抗体への暴露 Ｊ、ＹＧＧＦＬ及びＰＧＧＦＬのモノマー並列合成に、ＹＧＧＦＬ及びＹＰＧＧ ＦＬのモノマー並列合成し、１６種類の異るアミノ酸配列の並列の合成及びＨｅ ｒ２抗体に対する相対結合親和性の評価 ■、具体例の例示 ＩＸ、結論 ■、彫１ 次の用語は、これらが本明細書において使用される場合、下記の一般的意味を有 する。
１、■■負 リガンド分子及びその受容体の相互作用する表面の形態的（ｔｏｐｏｌｏｇｉｃ ａｌ）適合性又は−散性に関する。すなわち、受容体とそのリガンドは相補的で あると記述することができ、そしてそれ故にその接触表面特性は相互に相補的抗 体として知られる受容体のサブクラスとの相互作用領域により描写される抗原分 子の部分 ３、リガンド リガンドは特定の受容体により認識される分子である。本発明により研究され得 るリガンドの例には、限定的ではないが、細胞膜受容体に対するアゴニスト及び アンタゴニスト、毒素（ｔｏｘｉｎ及びｖｅｎｏｍ）、ウィルスエピトープ、ホ ルモン（例えば、鎮静剤、あへん剤、ステロイド等）、ホルモン受容体、ペプチ ド、酵素、酵素基質、補因子、薬物、レクチン、糖、オリゴヌクレオチド、核酸 、オリゴサツカライド、蛋白質、及びモノクローナル抗体が含まれる。
４、モノマー 一緒に連結してポリマーを形成することができる小分子のセットの構成質。モノ マーのセットは限定的ではないが例えば通常のし一アミノ酸のセント、Ｄ−アミ ノ酸のセット、合成アミノ酸のセット、ヌクレオチドのセット、並びにペントー ス及びヘキソースのセットが含まれる。本明細書において使用する場合、モノマ ーはポリマーの合成のための基本セットのいずれかの構成員に関する。例えば、 Ｌ−アミノ酸のダイマーはポリペプチドの合成のための４００のモノマーの基本 セットを構成する。モノマーの異る基本セットはポリマーの合成における逐次段 階で使用されるであろう。
５、ペプチド 七ツマ−がα−アミノ酸でありそしてアミド結合を介して一緒に結合しているポ リマーであって、ポリペプチドとも称する。この明細書の文脈において、アミノ 酸はＬ−光学異性体又はＤ−光学異性体であり得る。ペプチドは２より多くのア ミノ酸モノマーの長さを有し、そしてしばしば２ｏより多くのアミノ酸モノマー の長さを有する。アミノ酸のために標準的略号が用いられる（例えば、プロリン についてはＰ）。
これらの略号は５ｔｒｙｅｒ、Ｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｓｔｒｙ、第３版、１９８８に含 まれており、これをすべての目的のために引用により本明細書に組み入れる。
６、並−■ 例えば、電子ビーム放射、Ｔ−放射、Ｘ−線放射、紫外線放射、可視光、赤外線 放射、マイクロウェーブ放射及びラジオ波を包含する１　０−”メートル及び１ ０’メートルの間の波長を有するエネルギーを含めて、選択的に通用され得るエ ネルギー。「照射」とは、表面への放射の適用を意味する。
７、叉１１本 所与のりガントに対する親和性を有する分子。受容体は天然分子でも人造分子で もよい。さらに、これらはその変化していない状態で又は他の種との凝集体とし て用いることができる。受容体は共有結合により又は非共有結合により、直接に 又は特定の結合物質を介して結合損に付加され得る。本発明により使用され得る 受容体の例には、限定的ではないが、抗体、細胞膜受容体、特定の抗原決定基（ 例えばウィルス、細胞又は他の材料上にあるもの）と反応するモノクローナル抗 体及び抗血清、薬物、ポリヌクレオチド、核酸、ペプチド、補因子、レクチン、 糖、ポリサッカライド、細胞、細胞膜、及びオルガネラが含まれる。受容体は時 として当業界において抗−リガントとも称される。本明細書において受容体なる 用語が使用される場合、意味の相違は意図されない。２つの巨大分子が分子認識 を介して結合して複合体を形成する場合、「リガンド受容体対」が形成される。
本発明により研究され得る受容体の他の例には次のものが含まれるが、これらに 限定されない。
ａ）量士生！主生 微生物の生存に必須な特異的輸送蛋白質又は酵素のごとき、受容体に結合するり ガントの決定は新しいクラスの抗生物質において有用である。特に価値あるもの は、日和見真菌、原生動物、及び現在使用されている抗生物質に対して耐性を有 する細菌に対する抗生物質であろう。
ｂ）舅し一漿 例えば、神経伝達物質の開裂を担当する酵素のごとき酵素の結合部位；異る神経 伝達物質を開裂せしめる酵素の作用を変更するある種の受容体に結合するりガン トの決定は、神経伝達の不全の治療において使用され得る薬剤の開発において有 用である。
Ｃ）■−生 例えば、本発明は、注目の抗原のエピトープと結合する抗体分子上のリガンド結 合部位の研究において有用であり、抗原性エピトープを模倣する配列の決定はワ クチンの開発を導くことができ、該ワクチンの免疫原はｌ又は複数のこの様な配 列に基き、あるいは前記決定は療法的処置において、例えば自己免疫疾患に対し て（例えば「自己」抗体の結合をブロックすることにより）有用な関連診断剤又 は化合物の開発を導くことができる。
ｄ）基−韮 核酸の配列を合成してＤＮＡ又はＲＮＡ結合配列を樹立することができる。
ｅ）Ｍ媒１巳はジムしヱ １又は複数の反応体の１又は複数の生成物への転換を含む化学反応を促進するこ とができるポリマー、好ましくはポリペプチド。この様なポリペプチドは一般に 少なくとも１つの反応体又は反応中間体に対して特異的な結合部位、及び該結合 部位の近くにある活性官能基を含み、この官能基は結合した反応体を化学的に変 形することができる。触媒的ポリベブチドは例えば米国特許出願ＮＱ、４０４， ９２０に記載されており、これをすべての目的のため引用により本明細書に組み 入れる。
ｆ）水上ｉＺ受音体 例えば、インシュリン及び成長因子のための受容体。高い親和性をもって受容体 に結合するリガンドの決定は、例えば、糖尿病の症状の救済のために糖尿病患者 がとらなければならない日常的注射に代る経口投与の開発、及び他の場合、死体 から又は組換えＤＮＡ技法によってのみ得ることができる少いヒト成長ホルモン 代替において有用である。他の例は血管収縮ホルモン受容体であり、受容体に結 合するりガントの決定は血圧を制御する薬剤の開発を導くであろう。
ｇ）あへん　ｏｉａｆｅ” 脳におけるあへん受容体に結合するリガンドの決定はモルフイン及び関連薬剤の 耽溺性の少ない代替物の開発において有用である。
８、基一体 硬質又は半硬質表面を有する材料。多くの態様例においては基体の少なくとも１ つの表面は実質的に平らであるが、幾つかの態様においては、異るポリマーのた めの合成領域を例えばウェル、隆起した領域、エツチングされた溝等により物理 的に分離するのが望ましい。他の具体例に従えば、合成の完了の後に放出される 小ビーズを表面に備えることができる。
９、ｘＩ益 モノマーユニットに結合しており、そして電磁放射のごときアクチベーターへの 暴露に際して空間的に除去される材料。
本発明において用途を有する保護基の例にはニトロベーラトリルオキシカルボニ ル（Ｎｉｔｒｏｖｅｒａｔｒｙｌｏｘｙｃａｒｂｏｎｙｌ）、ニトロベンジルオ キシカルボニル、ジメチルジメトキシベンジルオキシカルボニル、５−プロモー ７−ニトロインドリニル、０−ヒドロキシ−α−メチルシンナモイル、及び２− オキシメチレンアンスラキノンが含まれる。アクチベーターの他の例にはイオン ビーム、電界、磁界、電子ビーム、Ｘ−線等が含まれる。
１０、土足■皿菫 所定の領域とは、ポリマーの形成のために活性化されたか、活性化されているか 、又は活性化されることが意図される表面上の位置決定された領域である。所定 の領域は任意の便利な形状、例えば円形、長方形、楕円形、くさび形等を有する ことができる。本明細書において簡略化のため、「所定の領域」を時として単に 「領域」と称する。
１１、ＩＬ煎員臣及 基体の１つの所定の領域がそれを他の所定の領域から区別する特性を示す場合、 ポリマーは所定の領域内で「実質的に純粋である」と考えられる。典型的には純 度は、均一な配列の結果としての生物学的活性又は機能として測定されるであろ う。この様な特性は典型的には選択されたリガンド又は受容体との結合により測 定されるであろう。
■、ニー瓜 本発明は、複数の所定の領域に複数のポリマー配列を有する基体の調製及び使用 のための方法及び装置を提供する。本発明はこの明細書において主として、アミ ノ酸の配列を含む分子の製造に関して記載されるが、しかし他のポリマーの製造 にも容易に適用することができる。この様なポリマーには、例えば、核酸の直鎖 状及び環状ポリマー、ポリサッカライド、リン脂質、α−１β−又はω−アミノ 酸を有するペプチド、上記のいずれかに既知の薬物が共有結合しているヘテロポ リマー、ポリウレタン、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレア、ポリア ミド、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリアリーレンスルフィド、ポリシロキサン、ポリ イミド、ポリアセテート、あるいはこの開示の概観の後に明らかになるであろう 他のポリマーが含まれる。好ましい態様において、本発明はペプチドの合成に使 用される。
調製された基体は、例えば、受容体との結合のためのりガントとして種々のポリ マーをスクリーニングするのに使用されるが、しかし本発明はリガンドと結合す る受容体の合成のためにも使用することができる。この明細書に開示される基体 は、広範な種類の他の用途を有するであろう。単に例として、本明細書において 本発明は蛍白質に結合する核酸配列及びペプチド配列の決定、配列特異的結合薬 剤の発見、抗体により認識されたエピトープの同定、並びに臨床的及び診断的用 途並びに上記の組合わせのための種々の薬剤の評価において、使用され得る。
・　本発明は好ましくは、表面を有する基体「Ｓ」の使用を提供する。場合によ っては基体の表面にリンカ−分子「Ｌ」が与えられる。幾つかの態様において、 リンカ−の目的は合成されたポリマーの受容体認識を促進することである。
場合によっては、リンカ−分子は貯蔵の目的のために化学的に保護されていても よい。幾つかの態様においてはｔ　−ＢＱＣ（ｔ−ブトキシカルボニル）のごと き化学的貯蔵保護基を用いることができる。この様な化学的保護基は、例えば酸 性溶液への暴露の後に化学的に除去され、そして貯蔵の間に表面を保護するため に役立ちそしてポリマーの調製に先立って除去されるであろう。
基体又はリンカ−分子の遠位末端に保護基Ｐ０を有する官能基が与えられる。保 護基Ｐ０を放射、電界、電流又は他のアクチベーターへの暴露に際して除去して 官能基を露出させることができる。
好ましい態様において、放射は紫外線（ＵＶ）、赤外線（ＩＲ）又は可視光であ る。後でさらに十分に記載するように、保護基は、電界の存在下で除去され得る 電気化学的に感受性の基であることもできる。さらに他の態様においては、脱保 護のためにイオンビーム、電子ビーム、等を使用することもできる。
幾つかの態様においては、暴露される領域、そしてそれ故に各異るポリマー配列 がその上で合成される範囲は約１　ｃｒＡより小さく又は１！ｌ１２未満である 。好ましい態様においては、暴露される範囲は約１０，０００μ２未満であり、 さらに好ましくは１００ｍ２未満であり、そして幾つかの態様においては単・− 分子と同様に少数のための結合部位を含むことができる。これらの領域内で、各 ポリマーは好ましくは実質的に純粋な形で合成される。
光への基体の既知領域の暴露と同時に又はその後に、表面を第一モノマーユニッ トＭＩと接触させ、このユニットは脱保護段階において露出された官能基と反応 する。第一モノマーは保護基Ｐ＋を含有する。ＰｌはＰｏと同じでもよ（又は異 っていてもよい。
従って、第一サイクルの後、表面の既知第一領域は次の配列： Ｓ−Ｌ−Ｍ、　−ＰＩ を含んで成り、他方表面の残りの領域は次の配列：Ｓ　Ｌ　Ｐａ を含んで成る。次に、表面の第二領域（これは第一領域を含むことができる）を 光に暴露し、そして保護基Ｐ２を有する第二七ツマ−Ｍｇ（これはＭ、と同一で もよ（、又は異っていてもよい）と接触せしめる。Ｐ２はＰｏ及びＰｌと同一で もよく、又は異っていてもよい。この第二サイクルの後、基体の異る領域は次の 配列： Ｓ−Ｌ−Ｍ、−Ｍ、−ｐｚ Ｓ−Ｌ−Ｍ、−Ｐ。
Ｓ−Ｌ−Ｍｌ　−ＰＩ　及び／又は Ｓ　Ｌ　Ｐ。
の１又は複数を含んで成るであろう。基体が所望の長さの所望のポリマーを含有 するまで上記の工程を反復する。光に暴露される基体の場所及び暴露に続き基体 に暴露される試薬を制御することにより、各配列の場所が知られるであろう。
次に、基体の幾らか又は全部から保護基を除去し、そして場合によっては配列を キャップユニットＣによりキャップする。この工程が、次の一般式： ％式％）（） （式中、中カッコ〔）は場合によっては存在する基を示し、そしてＭ、・・・Ｍ 、はモノマーの任意の配列を示す）により示される複数のポリマーを持つ表面を 有する基体をもたらす。モノマーの数は広範囲の値にわたることができるが、し かし好ましい態様においてはそれは２〜１００の範囲であろう。
幾つかの態様においては、基体上の複数の場所でポリマーは共通の七ツマーサブ 配列を含むべきである。例えば、第一の場所において配列Ｓ−Ｍ、−Ｍ、−Ｍ、 をそして第二の場所において配列Ｓ　Ｍａ　Ｍｚ　Ｍ３を合成することが望まし いであろう。この工程は第一の場所の照射をもって開始され、これに続＜Ｍ　Ｉ 　Ｐとの接触が第一場所での配列Ｓ　Ｍｌ−Ｐをもたらす。次に第二場所を照射 しそしてＭ、−Ｐと接触させて第二場所での配列Ｓ−Ｍ、−Ｐを得る。次に、第 −場所及び第二場所の両方を照射し、そしてダイマーＭｚ　Ｍ’ｓと接触せしめ ることにより第一場所における配列Ｓ−Ｍ、−Ｍ、−Ｍ３　、及び第二場所にお ける配列Ｓ−Ｍ、−Ｍ、−Ｍ３を得る。言うまでもなく、任意の長さのサブ配列 を用いることができ、これには２以上の範囲の七ツマー１２〜１００個のモノマ ー、２〜２０個のモノマー、そして最も好ましくは２〜３個の範囲モノマーが含 まれる。
他の態様に従えば、第一モノマー層のために１セツトのマスクが使用され、そし て次に選択的脱保護のために種々の波長の光が用いられる。例えば、前に検討し た工程において、第一領域をまずマスクを介して暴露し、そして第一波長の光（ 例えばＩＲ）−・の暴露に際して除去され得る第一保護基Ｐ。
を有する第一モノマーと反応せしめる。第二領域をマスクし、そして第二波長の 光（例えばＵＶ）への暴露に際して除去され得る第二保護基Ｐ２を有する第二七 ツマ−と反応せしめる。
この後、脱保護サイクルにおいて基体全体を第一波長の光及び第二波長の光に交 互に暴露することができるから、合成においてマスクは不必要となる。
上記の方法に従って基体上で調製されたポリマーは、例えば生物学的活性のスク リーニングを含めて種々の用途を有するであろう。このようなスクリーニング活 動において、配列を含む基体は、標識されていないか又は標識されている受容体 、例えば抗体、細胞上の受容体、リン脂質小胞、又は他の種々の受容体のいずれ かと接触される。１つの好ましい態様においては、ポリマーばまず注目の第一の 未標識受容体に暴露され、そしてその後で、例えば抗体である標識された受容体 特異的認識要素に暴露される。この方法は検出段階でのシグナルの増幅をもたら すであろう。
受容体分子は基体上の１又は複数のポリマーと結合することができる。標識され た受容体の存在、そしてそれ故に該受容体と結合する配列の存在が好ましいＭ＋ ＃においてはオートラジオグラフィーの使用、電荷カップリング（ｃｈａｒｇｅ −ｃｏｇｐｌｅｄ）装置による蛍光の検出、蛍光顕微鏡等により検出される。受 容体の結合が検出される場所におけるポリマーの配列を用いて該受容体に対して 相補的である配列の全部又は部分を決定することができる。
本明細書において本発明の利用は主として生物学的活性についてのスクリーニン グに言及しながら説明される。しかしながら、本発明は他の多くの用途を有する 。例えば、本発明は情報の格納（例えば、光デイスク上での）、分子電子装置の 製造、分離科学（ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ　５ｃｉｅｎｃｅＳ）における定常相の 生成、染料及び増白剤の製造、写真、並びに特異的ポリマー配列の分子認識を介 しての表面上のパターンにおける細胞、蛍白質、レクチン、核酸、ポリサッカラ イド等の固定化、において使用することができる。同じ化合物を隣接して段々と 異る濃度で合成することにより、走化るために勾配が確立されるであろう。幾つ かの触媒分子を近接して合成することにより、より効率的な多段階転換によって 「座標固定化Ｊ　（ｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅ　ｉｍｍｏｂｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ）が 達成され得る。座標固定化はまた、電子伝達系のため、並びに構造的完全性及び 他の好ましい性質、例えば滑性、湿潤性等を与えるために用いることができる。
他の態様に従えば、分子生物分配及び薬理速度特性を試験することができる。例 えば、腸プロテアーゼ又は血清°プロテアーゼに対する耐性を評価するため、ポ リマーを蛍光タッグによりキャップし、そして注目の生物学的流体に暴露するこ とができる。
ｍ、ｙｙ＋ｔ−、≧＝叙戊 図１はこの明細書に開示される本発明の１つの態様を示し、ここでは基体２が断 面として示される。本質的に、任意の便利な基体を本発明において使用すること ができる。基体は生物学的、非生物学的、有機、無機、又はこれらの任意の組合 わせであることができ、粒子、ストランド、沈澱、ゲル、シート、チューブ、球 状体、容器、毛細管、パッド、スライス、フィルム、プレート、スライド等とし て存在する。基体は任意の便利な形態、例えばディスク、正方形、円等であるこ とができる。基体は好ましい平らであるが、他の種々の表面構造を取るであろう 。例えば、基体はその上で合成が行われる隆起した又はくぼんだ領域を含むこと ができる。基体及びその表面は好ましくは、本明細書に記載する反応がその上で 起る硬質の支持体を形成する。基体及びその表面はまた、適切な吸光特性を与え るように選択される。例えば、基体は、重合したラングミューア・プロジェット フィルム（Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ　Ｂｌｕｄｇｅｔｔ）フィルム、官能化されたガラ ス、Ｓｉ、Ｇｅ、ＧａＡｓ、ＧａＰ、Ｓｉｎｇ　、ＳｉＮ４、改質シリコン、又 は広範囲の種類のゲル又はポリマー、例えば（ポリ）テトラフルオロエチレン、 （ポリ）ビニリデンジフルオリド、ポリスチレン、ポリマーボネート、又はこれ らの組合せであることができる。他の基体材料はこの開示を概観した後に当業者 にとって明らかであろう。好ましい態様において、基体は１０人未満の表面レリ ーフ特性を有する単結晶シリコン又は平らなガラスである。
幾つかの態様に従えば、基体の表面はよく知られた方法によりエツチングするこ とにより所望の表面特性を与える。例えば、溝、■−形溝、メーサ（台地）構造 等の形成により、合成領域を突き当たる光の焦点内により密に置くことができ、 蛍光源等からの集光の最大化のための反射「鏡」構造を備えることができる。
固体基体の表面は通常、常にではないが、基体と同じ材料で構成される。すなわ ち、表面は広範囲の種類の材料のいずれか、例えばポリマー、プラスチック、樹 脂、ポリサッカライド、シリカもしくはシリカを基材とする材料、炭素、金属、 無機ガラス、膜、あるいは前に挙げた基体材料のいずれかから構成され得る。幾 つかの態様において、表面は、すでに引用した出願番号Ｎａ４０４．９２０の教 示に従う基体の表面に堅く結合したかこまれた（ｃａｇｅｄ）結合員の使用を提 供する。
好ましくは、表面は反応性基を含み、この基はカルボキシル、アミノ、ヒドロキ シル等であることができる。さらに好ましくは、表面は光学的に透明であり、そ してシリカ表面に見られるように表面５ｉ−ＯＨ官能基を有するであろう。
基体の表面４は好ましくはリンカ−分子６の層を有するが、リンカ−分子は本発 明の必須の要素ではないと理解されよう。
リンカ−分子は好ましくは、完成された基体中のポリマーが基体に暴露された分 子と自由に接触することを許容するのに十分な長さを有する。リンカ−分子は十 分な暴露を提供するためには６〜５０原子の長さを有すべきである。リンカ−分 子は例えばアリールアセチレン、２〜１０個のモノマーユニットを含むエチレン グリコールオリゴマー、ジアミン、ジアジド、アミノ酸、又はこれらの組合せで あることができる。
この開示に照らして他のリンカ−分子を使用することもできる。
他の態様に従えば、ある種の受容体への合成されたポリマーの提出を改良するた めに、リンカ−分子はそれらの親水性／疎水性特性に基いて選択される。例えば 、親水性受容体の場合、該受容体が合成されたポリマーに一層密接に接近するこ とを許容するように、親水性リンカ−分子が好ましい。
他の態様に従えば、リンカ−分子はまた中間位置に光解裂性基を備える。この光 開裂性基は好ましくは保護基とは異る波長において開裂される。このことが、異 る波長の光への暴露による合成の完了後の種々のポリマーの取り出しを可能にす る。
リンカ−分子は、例えば（ポリ）トリフルオロクロロエチレン表面を用いて炭素 −炭素結合を介して、又は好ましくはシロキサン結合により（例えば、ガラス又 は酸化珪素表面を用いて）基体に付加することができる。基体の表面とのシロキ サンの結合は、１つの態様においては、トリクロロシリル基を担持するリンカ− 分子の反応を介して形成される。リンカ−分子は場合によっては指定された整列 で、すなわち重合されたラングミューア・プロゼットフィルム中のヘッドグルー プ（ｈｅａｄ　ｇｒｏｕｐ）の部分として取付けられる。
他の態様においては、リンカ−分子は基体の表面に吸着される。
本発明において使用されるリンカ−分子及びモノマーは、保護基が結合した官能 基を備える。好ましくは、保護基は基体とは反対側のリンカ−分子の遠位端又は 末端に存在する。
保護基は負の保護基（すなわち、暴露の後にリンカ−分子と七ツマ−との反応性 を低くする保護基）又は正の保護基（すなわち、暴露の後にリンカ−分子とモノ マーとの反応性を低くする保護基）のどちらでもよい。負の保護基の場合、反応 性化の追加の段階が必要であろう。幾つかの態様においては、それは加熱により 行われるであろう。
リンカ−分子上の保護基は広範囲の種類の正の光反応性基から選択することがで き、これには好ましくはニトロ芳香族化合物、例えば０−ニトロベンジル誘導体 又はベンジルスルホニルが含まれる。好ましい態様において、６−ニトロベンジ ルオキシカルボニル（ＮＶＯＣ）　、２−ニトロベンジルオキシカルボニル（Ｎ ＥＯＣ）又はα、α−ジメチルージメトキシベンジルオキシカルポニル（ＤＤＺ ）が使用される。
１つの態様においては、ニトロ基に対してオルト位にベンジル性水素を含有する ニトロ芳香族化合物、すなわち、次の式：（式中、Ｒ１はアルコキシ、アルキル 、ハロ、アリーノ呟アルケニル又は水素であり；Ｒ２はアルコキシ、アルキル、 ハロ、アリール、ニトロ又は水素であり；Ｒ３はアルコキシ、アルキル、ハロ、 ニトロ、アリール又は水素であり；Ｒ４はアルコキシ、アルキル、水素、アリー ル、ハロ又はニトロであり；そしてＲ３はアルキル、アルキニル、シアノ、アル コキシ、水素、ハロ、アリール又はアルケニルである）で表わされる化学物質が 使用される。使用し得る他の物質にはｏ　−ヒドロキシ−α−メチルシンナモイ ル誘導体が含まれる。光除去可能な保護基は例えばＰａｔｃｈｏｒｎｉｋ、　Ｊ 、Ａｍ、Ｃｈｅｍ、Ｓｏｃ、（１９７０）毀：　６３３３及びｉｉｔら、Ｌ刈■ 」上りよ（１９７４）皿：１９２に記載されている。これらを引用により本明細 書に組み入れる。
他の態様においては、正の反応性基が溶液中の試薬との反応のために活性化され る。例えば、５−ブロモ−７−ニトロインドリン基は、カルボニルに結合する場 合、４２０ｎｍの光への暴露の際に反応する。
第二の態様においては、リンカ−分子上の反応性基は、シンナメート基を含めて 広範囲の種類の負の光反応性基から選択される。
あるいは、反応性基は電子ビームリソグラフィー、Ｘ−線リソゲラフイー、又は 他の放射により活性化又は不活性化される。電子ビームリソグラフィーのための 適当な反応性基にはスルホニルが含まれる。例えば電流源への暴露を含めて他の 方法を使用することもできる。この開示に照らしそ他の反応性基及び活性化方法 を使用することもできる。
図１に示すように、連結分子は好ましくは、例えば、半導体工業において知られ ておりそして例えばＳｚｅ、　ＶＬＳＩ　Ｔｅｃｈｎ鄭旦江＋　ＭｃＧｒａｗ− Ｈｉｌｌ（１９８３）　、及びＭｅａｄら、Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ｔｏ　 ＶＬＳＩ　Ｓ　ｓｔｅｍｓ、　Ａｄｄｉｓｏｎ−１４ｅｓｌｅｙ（１９８０）　 （これらをすべての目的のために引用により本明細書に組み入れる）において知 られているタイプのリソグラフィー技法を用いて、適切なマスク８を介して光に 暴露される。光を、保護基を含む表面に、又は保護基の除去のために必要とされ る光の波長に対して基体が透過性である限り基体の背後に向けることができる。
図１に示す態様においては、光は保護基を含む基体の表面に向けられる。図１は この様なマスク技法の使用を示し、これらの技法は領域１０ａ及び１０ｂ中の連 結分子を活性化しそして官能基を露出させるために正の反応性基に適用される。
マスク８は、１つの態様においては、不透明な材料の層により部分的に被覆され た透明な支持体材料である。不透明材料の部分が除去され、不透明材料は所望の 正確なパターンで支持体表面に残る。図１に示すように、マスク８は基体表面と 直接に接触され、その上に投影され、又はそれに近ずけられる。マスクの「開口 部」は、光除去可能な保護基を基体から除去することが望まれる基体上の場所に 対応する。常用の整合（ａ　ｌ　ｉｇｍｅｎｔ）技法を用いて整合を行うことが でき、この場合、整合マーク（示してない）を用いて、事前のパターン化段階を 伴うマスクが次々と正確に重層され、あるいはより複雑な技法が使用され得る。
例えば、Ｆｌａ’ｎｔｅｒｓら、’Ａ　Ｎｅｗ　Ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｏｍｅｔｒｉ ｃ　Ａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔ　Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ　Ｊ　、　ＡＩ！Ｅ。
ハハ」旦且（１９７７）３１　：　４２６−４２８（これを引用により本明細書 に繰り入れる）に記載されている様な干渉Ｎｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｏｍｅ　ｔ　ｒ　ｉ 　ｃ）技法を用いることができる。
基体に当てられる光のコントラストを増強するため、幾つかの態様に従えば、マ スクと基体との間にコントラスト増強材料を設けるのが好ましい、このコントラ スト増強層は光により分解される分子、例えばキノンジアジド、又は注目の波長 において一時的に漂白される物質を含んで成ることができる。物質の一時的漂白 は、光が当てられた場所でのより大きな貫通を可能にし、これによりコントラス トが増強されるであろう。あるいは、コントラストの増強は、クラッド形ファイ バー束（ｃｌａｄｄｅｄ　ｆｉｂｅｒ　ｏｐｔｉｃ　ｂｕｎｄｌｅ）により得る ことかで先は常用の白熱源、レーザー、レーザーダイオード等からのものである ことができる。非平行光源が使用される場合、基体への光の拡散を防止するため 厚いマスク又は多層マスクを用いるのが好ましい。さらに、幾つかの態様におい ては、合成を制御するために異る波長に対して感受性の基を用いることが望まし い。例えば、異る波長に対して感受性の基を用いることにより、ポリマーの合成 における枝位置を選択し又はあるマスキング段階を略すことができる。幾つかの 反応性基をその脱保護のための対応する波長と共に表１に示す。
、表−一」− 基　およその脱保護 波長 ニトロベラトリルオキシカルボニル（ＮＶＯＣ）　ＵＶ　（３００−４００ｎ１ １１）ニトロベンジルオキシカルボニル（ＮＢＯＣ）　ＵＶ（３００−３５０ｎ ｍ）ジメチルジメトキシベンジルオキシカルボニル　ＵＶ　（２８０−３００ｎ ■）５−プロモー７−ニトロインドリニル　ＵＶ　（４２０ｎ＋＊）Ｏ−ヒドロ キシ−α−メチルシンナモイル　ＵＶ（３００−３５０ｎｍ）２−オキシメチレ ンアンスラキノン　ＵＶ　（３５０ｎｍ）本明細書においては、本発明を主とし て基体の選択された領域を照明するためのマスクの使用により説明するが、他の 技法を用いることもできる。例えば、変調されたレーザー又はダイオード光源の もとて基体を翻訳することができる。この様な技法は例えば米国特許ＮｃＬ４． ７１９．６１５　（Ｆｅｙｒｅｒら）に記載されており、引用によりこの明細書 に繰り入れる。他の１１様においては、レーザーガルバノメータースキャンナー が用いられる。他の態様においては、常用の液晶（本明細書で「光バルブ」と称 する）又は光フアイバー光源上で又はそれらと接触して合成を行うことができる 。液晶を適切に調節する（ｍｏｄｕｌａｔｅ）ことにより、光が基体上の選択さ れた領域に接するように光を選択的に制御することができる。あるいは、光が選 択的に当てられる一連の光ファイバーの末端で合成を行うことができる。光の暴 露の場所をｆｌｌｆＪするための手段は当業者に明らかであろう。
基体は溶液（示してない）と接触して又は接触しないで照射されることができ、 そして好ましくは溶液と接触して照射される。幾つかの態様に従えば、この溶液 は、照射により生成した副生成物がポリマーの合成を妨害するのを防止する試薬 を含有する。この様な副生成物には例えば二酸化炭素、ニトロソカルボニル化合 物、スチレン誘導体、インドール誘導体、及びそれらの光化学反応の生成物が含 まれよう。あるいは、溶液は基体の屈折率を整合させるための試薬を含有するこ とができる。溶液に添加される試薬にはさらに、例えば、酸性もしくは塩基性の 緩衝剤、チオール、置換されたヒドラジン及びヒドロキシルアミン、還元剤（例 えばＮＡＤＨ）、又は所与の官能基と反応することが知られている試薬（例えば 、アリールニトロソ＋グリオキシル酸→アリールホルムヒドロキサメー）＋Ｃ０ ｚ）が含まれる。
照射段階と同時に又はその後に、リンカ−分子を洗浄し、あるいは図２中の領域 １２ａ及び１２ｂに’ＡＪで示される第一モノマーと接触せしめる。第二モノマ ーは、光に暴露された連結分子の活性化された官能基と反応する。好ましくはア ミノ酸である第一モノマーはまた光保護基を備えている。
モノマー上の光保護基は連結分子中に用いられた保護基と同一でも又は異ってい てもよく、そして前記の保護基のいずれかから選択される。１つの態様において は、Ａモノマーのための保護基は基ＮＢＯＣ及びＮＶＯＣから選択される。
その後、図３に示すように、先行するマスキング段階において保護されていた領 域として示される領域１４ａ及び１４ｂ中のリンカ−保護基を除去しそして官能 基を露出するように位置度えされたマスクを用いて照射の工程を反復する。
第一マスクの位置度えの１つの選択枝として、多くの態様において第二マスクが 使用されるであろう。他の態様においては、幾つかの段階が複数の逐次段階にお ける共通領域の照射をもたらすであろう。図３に示すように、照射された領域間 の分離をもたらすのが望ましい。例えば、整列の許容のためには約１〜５趨の分 離が適当であろう。
次に、図４に示すように、基体を第二の保護されたモノマー「Ｂ」に暴露してＢ 　Ｂ’Ｂ域１６ａ及び１６ｂを生成せしめる。
次に、Ａ頭載１２ａ及びＢ　Ｓｉ域１６ｂ上の保護基を除去しそして反応性基を 露出するように基体を再びマスクする。基体を再びモノマーＢに暴露し、図６に 示す構造の形成をもたらす。ダイマーＢ−Ａ及びＢ−Ｂが基体上に生成されてい る。
Ａについて上に記載したのと同様の引き続く一連のマスキング及び接触段階（示 してない）が図７に示す構造をもたらす。この方法は、Ｂ及びＡのすべての可能 なダイマー、すなわちＢ−Ａ、Ａ−Ｂ、Ａ−Ａ、及びＢ−Ｂをもたらす。
合成領域、及び各個々のポリマーの合成のための領域は任意のサイズ及び形状の ものでよい。例えば、正方形、楕円形、長方形、三角形、−円形、又はこれらの 部分、並びに不規則な幾何学形状を使用することができる。冗長性の目的で単一 の基体に２連の合成領域を適用することもできる。
１つの態様においては、基体上の領域Ｉ２及び１６は約Ｉｄと１０−”　ｃｄと の間の表面積を有するであろう。幾つがの態様においては、領域工２及び１６は 約１０−’ｃｉ、１０−”ｃｄ。
１０−”ｃｔＡ、１０−’Ｃｌ１１．　１０−’Ｃ１１１，１０−”Ｃ１１１， １０−’ａｆｌ、１０−’ｄ又は工０−１°ＣＩＩＴ未満の面積を有する。好ま しい態様においては、領域１２及び１６は約１０Ｘ１０４と５００Ｘ５００声と の間である。
幾つかの態様においては、単一の基体は１０種類より多くのモノマー配列を支持 し、そして好ましくは１００種類より大くの七ツマー配列を支持しており、但し 幾つかの態様においてハ約１０’、１０’、１０’、１０６，１０ｈ、１０’又 は１０８種類より多くの異る配列が１つの基体に与えられる。言うま七もなく、 モノマー配列が合成される基体の１領域内で、モノマー配列が実質的に純粋であ ることが好ましい。
幾つかの態様において、基体の領域は少なくとも約１％、５％、１０％、１５％ 、２０％、２５％、３０％、３５％、４０％、４５％、５０％、６０％、７０％ 、８０％、９０％、９５％、９６％、９７％、９８％又は９９％の純度を有する 。
幾つかの態様に従えば、生物学的活性の最初のスクリーニングを提供するために 単一の領域内に意図的に幾つかの配列をもうけ、次に有意な結合を示す領域内の 物質をさらに評価図８Ａは、本発明の１つの観点に従って調製された基体上にポ リマーを合成するための反応器系１００の好ましい態様を示す。この反応器系は その表面上に空洞１０４を有する体部１０２を含む。好ましいＬｑ様においては 空洞は約５０〜１ｏｏｏ−の深さを有し、約５００ｔｔａｒの深さが好ましい。
空洞の底には好ましくは隆起１０６の整列が設けられており、この隆起はこの図 の平面に、及び図の平面に対して平行に伸びている。隆起は好ましくは約５０〜 ２００−の深さを有しそして約２〜３−の間隔を有する。隆起の目的はより良い 混合のために乱流を生じさせることである。空洞の底部表面は、突き当たる光の 反射を防止するために、好ましくは吸光性である。
基体１１２は空洞１０４の上方に載置される。基体にはその底部表面にそって、 介在するリンカ−分子を伴って又は伴わないでＮＶＯＣのごとき光除去可能な保 護基が設けられる。
この基体は好ましくは広いスペクトルの光に対して透過性であるが、しかし幾つ かの態様においては当該保護基を除去する波長に対してのみ透過性である（例え ば、ＮＶＯＣの場合ＵＶ）。幾つかの態様において、基体は常用の顕微鏡ガラス スライド又はカバースリップである。基体は好ましくは、適当な物理的支持を提 供しながら可能な限り薄いものである。
好ましくは、基体は１■未満の厚さを有し、さらに好ましくは０．５［１１１未 満の厚さを有し、さらに好ましくはＯ，１ｍｍ未満の厚さを有し、そして最も好 ましくは０．０５ｓ未満の厚さを有する。他の好ましい態様においては、基体は 石英又はシリコンである。
基体及び体部は入口１０８及び出口１６０を除き空洞を封止するために役立つ。
幾つかの１１様においては、体部及び基体は１個又は複数個のガスケットによっ て封止のために適合していてもよい。好ましい態様に従えば、体部は２個の同心 ガスケットを有し、そして介在する空間はガスケットへの基体の適合を確保する ために真空状体に維持される。
流体は、例えばエルデックス・ラボラトリーズ（Ｅ　１　ｄ　ｅｘ　Ｌａｂｏｒ ａｔｏｒｉｅｓ）により製造されたモデルＮαＢ−１２０−３でもよいポンプ１ １６により前記入口を通して空洞にポンプ輸送される。選択された流体はポンプ により空洞に入り、該空洞を通過しそして出口から出て循環され、さらに再循環 されるか又は廃棄される。幾つかの態様においては撹拌を助けるため反応器を超 音波照射にかけ、及び／又は加熱してもよい。
基体１１２の上方にはレンズ１２０が設けられており、このレンズは例えば２イ ンチ１００ｎ＋ｍ焦点距離の溶融シリカレンズであってもよい。コンパクトな系 のためには、光源１２４からの光を基体に向けるため反射鏡１２２を設けてもよ い。
光源１２４は例えば、オリエル（Ｏｒｔｅｌ）により製造されそしてモデルＮα ６６０２４を有するＸｅ　（Ｈｇ）光源であることができる。第二レンズ１２６ はレンズ１１２と組合わされてマスクイメージを基体に投影する目的で設けるこ とができる。リソグラフィーのこの形態を本明細書において投影プリンティング と称する。この開示から明らかなように、幾つかの態様に従えば近接プリンティ ング（ｐｒｏｘｉｍｉｔｙ　ｐｒｉｎｔｉｎｇ）等を用いることもできる。
光源からの光は、マスク１２Ｂの結果として基体の選択された場所にのみ到達す ることが許される。マスク１２８は例えば、その上にエツチングされたクロムを 有するガラススライドである。１つの態様においてマスク１２８は透過性場所と 不透過性場所の格子を有する。この様なマスクは例えばフォト・サイエンス社（ Ｐｈｏｔｏ　５ｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ、　Ｉｎｃ、）により製造されるであろう。光は マスクの透明領域を自由に通過するが、しかし他の領域においては反射されるか 又は吸収される。従って、基体の選択された場合のみが光に暴露される。
前記のように、基体の領域を選択的に暴露するために常用のマスクに代えて光パ ルプ（ＬＣＤ）を用いることができる。
あるいは、マスクのコントラストの強化の目的で又は光が当てられる領域を限定 する唯一の手段として、ショット・グラス社（Ｓｃｈｏｔｔ　Ｇ１ａｓｓ＋　Ｉ ｎｃ、）から入手できるような光フアイバーフェースプレート（ｆｉｂｅｒ　ｏ ｐｔｉｃ　ｆａｃｅｐｌａｔｅ）を用いることができる。この様なフェースプレ ートは図８Ａに示される反応器中の基体上又はそのすぐ上方に置かれるであろう 。さらに他のＢ様においてはコントラストの増強のためにフライスアイ（ｆ　１ ｙｓ−ｅｙｓ）レンズ、テーパー形光ファイバーフェースプレート等を用いるこ とができる。
光の波長より小さい領域の照射を得るためさらに精巧な技法を用いることができ る。例えば、好ましい態様に従えば、例えばマイクロピペットの先端の分子マイ クロクリスタルにより光が基体に向けられる。この様な装置はＬｉｅｂｅｒｍａ ｎらｒＡ　Ｌｉｇｈｔ　５ｏｕｒｃｅ　Ｓｍａｌｌｅｒ　Ｔｈａｎ　ｔｈｅ　０ ｐｔｉｃａｌ　ＷａｖｅｌｅｎｇｔＪ　。
５ｃｉｅｎｅ（１９９０）２４７　：　５９−６１に記載されており、これをす べての目的のため引用により本明細書に組み入れる。
操作において、基体を空洞上に置き、そしてそれに対して封止する。基体を調製 する工程のすべての操作は、主として又は全体として、保護基を除去する際の光 範囲外の波長の光により照らされた室内で行われる。例えば、ＮＶＯＣの場合、 ＵＶ光をほとんど又は全（提供しない常用の暗室光により室が照らされるべきで ある。すべての操作は、好ましくはおよそ室温において行われる。
まず、脱保護流体（七ツマ−を含まない）が空洞を通して循環される。この溶液 は好ましくはジオキサン溶液中５ｍＭ硫酸であり、この溶液は露出されたアミノ 基をプロトン化し続けるために役立ちそして光分解副生成物とのそれらの反応性 を低下させる。この脱保護流体には、例えば、光を吸収しそして反射及び不所望 の光分解を回避するために役立つＮ、Ｎ−ジエチルアミノ２．４−ジニトロベン ゼンのごとき吸収材料を含めることができる。
次に、スライドをマスクからの光路に配置して基体上の第１場所が照明されるよ うにし、そして次に脱保護する。好ましい態様においては、基体を約１〜１５分 間照明する。好ましい照明時間は３６５ｎｍの光で１０〜２０ＩＩＩＷ／ｄにて 約１０分間である。光分解の後、例えば塩化メチレン中ジーイソプロピルエチル アミン（ＤＩＥＡ、）の溶液により約５分間スライドを中和する（すなわち約７ のｐＨにする）。
次に、第一モノマーを基体上の第一場所に１く。照射の後、スライドをはずし、 ばらばらに処理し、そして流れセル中に再設置する。あるいは、好ましくはやは り保護基により保護されている第一モノマーを含有する流体をポンプ１１６によ り空洞を通して循環させる。例えば、第一場所で基体にアミノ酸Ｙを結合させる ことが望まれる場合、アミノ酸Ｙ（そのα−窒素に保護基を担持する）を、該モ ノマーを反応性にするために使用される試薬及び／又はキャリヤーと共に貯蔵容 器１１８からポンプにより空洞を通って循環させ、そして該ポンプの入口に戻す 。
好ましい態様においては、モノマーキャリヤー溶液は、第一溶液（本明細書にお いて溶液「Ａ」と称する）及び第二溶液（本明細書において溶液「Ｂ」と称する ）を混合することにより形成する。表２に溶液Ａのために使用し得る混合物の例 を示す。
表−１ ・なモノマーキャ１ヤー漬゛「Ａ ３７■　ＨＯＢＴ　（１−ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール）２５０ｍ　ＤＭＦ　 （ジメチルホルムアミド）溶液Ｂの組成を表３に示す。溶液Ａ及びＢを混合し、 そして室温にて約８分間反応せしめ、次に２ｄのＤＭＦにより希釈し、次に５０ ０ｍをスライドの表面に適用するか、あるいは該溶液を反応系を通して循環させ 、そして室温にて約２時間反応させる。次にスライドをＤＭＦ、塩化メチレン及 びエタノールにより洗浄する。
ｌ−主 °　・なモノマーキャ１ヤー゛パ「Ｂ ２５０ｄ　Ｄ　Ｍ　Ｆ 結合されるべきモノマーを含有する溶液が空洞を通って循環する際、該アミノ酸 又は他の七ツマ−はそのカルボキシ末端において、脱保護されている基体の領域 上のアミノ基と反応するであろう。言うまでもな（、本発明を空洞を通してのモ ノマーの釉環を用いて説明するが、スライドを反応器から取り外しそしてそれを 適切なモノマー溶液に浸漬することによって本発明を実施することもできる。
第一七ノマーの付加の後、次にこの第一アミノ酸を含有する溶液を系から排除す る。アミノ酸の除去が保証される程十分な量（例えば、空洞及びキャリヤー管路 の容積の約５０倍）のＤＭＦ／塩化メチレンの循環の後、マスク又は基体を再配 置しあるいは新たなマスクを使用して基体上の第二領域を光に暴露し、そして光 １２４を第二の暴露のために用いる。これが基体上の第二領域を脱保護し、そし てこの方法を目的のポリマー配列が合成されるまで反復する。
次に、誘導体化された基体全体を、好ましくは例えば蛍光標識により標識された 注目の受容体に暴露する。これは、該受容体の溶液又は懸濁液を空洞を通して循 環させるが、又はスライドの表面をばらばらに接触せしめることにより行う。
受容体は、相補的配列を含む基体のある領域に優先的に結合するであろう。
抗体は、例えばＰＢＳ（＋Ｊン酸緩衝液）巾約１％のＢＳＡ（ウシ血清アルブミ ン）及び０．５％　Ｔｗｅｅｎの溶液であることができる「スーパーカフテール 」と一般に称されるものの中に典型的には懸濁される。抗体はスーパーカフテー ル緩衝液中に例えば約０．１〜４■／ｌｌ１ｌの最終濃度に希釈される。
図８Ｂは、図８Ａに示す反応器の他の好ましい態様を示す。
この態様に従えば、マスク１２８が基体に直接接触して置かれる。好ましくは、 光の分散の効果を減少させるように、マスクのエツチングした部分を下に向けて 配置される。この態この技法のシグナル対ノイズ比を高める目的で、本発明の幾 つかの態様は、第一の標識されているか又は標識されていない受容体への基体の 暴露、及びこれに続く、該第−受容体上の複数の部位に結合する標識された第二 受容体（例えば抗体）への暴露を用いる。例えば、第一受容体が第一の種の動物 に由来する抗体であれば、第二受容体は該第−の種と関連するエピトープに向け られた第二の種に由来する抗体である。
例えばマウス抗体の場合、マウス抗体上の複数の部位に結合させるために抗−マ ウスである蛍光標識されたヤギ抗体又は抗血清を用いて、各結合部位への単一マ ウス抗体の結合と比べて数倍の蛍光を得ることができる。更なるシグナルの増幅 のため、追加の抗体（例えば、ヤギ−マウス−ヤギ）を用いてこの方法を反復す ることができる。
好ましい態様においては、順序付けられた一連のマスクが使用される。幾つかの 態様においては、所与のモノマーセットの可能なポリマーのすべてを合成するた めに１個という少例えば、４種類の塩基から１６種類すべてのジヌクレオチドを 合成することが望まれる場合、ＩＣｌ１１平方の合成領域が各０．２５ＣＩ幅の １６個の箱に概念的に分けられる。第一マスクは箱の最左列を暴露し、ここでは Ａが結合する。第二マスクは次の列を暴露し、ここではＢが結合され、次に０列 のたの第三マスクが使用され、そしてＤのために最左列を暴露する最終マスクが 用いられる。第一、第二、第三及び第四マスクは異る場所に移動される単一マス クであることができる。
ダイマーの第二ユニットのためにこの方法は水平方向に反復される。この時、マ スクはやはり０．２５ｃｍ幅の水平行の暴露を可能にする。反応領域の水平の４ 分の１を暴露するマスクを用いてＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ及びＤが逐次結合される。得られる 基体は４塩基の１６種のダイマーすべてを含有する。
ジペプチドを含有するために用いられる８個のマスクは移動、又は回転により相 互に関連している。実際に、それが適切に移動又は回転されれば１個のマスクを 使用することができる。例えば、単１の透明領域を有するマスクを逐次使用して 垂直列のそれぞれを暴露し、９０°移動させ、そして次に水平行の暴露のために 逐次使用することができる。
表４及び表５は、第一レベルにおいて３種類の異るモノマー、第ニレベルにおい て４種類の異る七ツマ−５及びストリップパターンの第三レベルにおける５種類 の異るモノマーを有する３モノマー（残基）のポリマー鎖の合成のための、それ ぞれマスクプログラム及びサンプルアウトプットの計画のためのＱｕｉｃｋ　Ｂ ａ５ｉｃの単純なコンピュータープログラムを提供する。プログラムのアウトプ ットは、セルの数、各マスク上のｒｓｔｒｉｐｓ」　（光領域）の数、及びマス クの各暴露のために必要な移動の量である。
ｌ−土 ＦＯＲｊ　−ＬτＯｊ＋ｍｘ：　ｇ−ｇ會ｂ（ｊ）：　ＮＥＸＴ　３％１（０） 　−ｏ：　ｖ（Ｌ）　−ｇ　／　ｂ（１）’　Ｃａｐｙｒｉｇｈｅ　１９９０． 　八ｆｆＦａｘ　Ｎ、Ｖ。
ｉ Ｆａｒ　ｅａｃｈ　ｒｓｆ　〕ｂｕｉｌｄＬｎｇ　ｂｌａｃｋｓ、　ｅｒｘｎｓ Ｌａｅｅ　ｍａｓｋ　ｂｙ　２０　ｃａｌｌ（ｘ）Ｆｏｒ　ｅａｃｈ　ｏｆ　５ 　ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ　ｂＬｏｃｋｓ、ｅｒａｎｓＬａｅａ　ｍａｓｋ　ｂｙ　Ｌ 　ｃｄＬ（ｓ）’　Ｃｏｐｙｒｉｇｈｗ　Ｌ９９０．　Ａｆｆｐｍａｘ　Ｎ、Ｖ 。
Ｖ、Ｗの１詮　の− 図９は基体上の蛍光標識された受容体を検出するための蛍光検出装置を示す。基 体１１２はｘ／ｙ移動テーブル２０２の上に置かれる。好ましい態様においては 、ｘ／ｙ移動テーブルはニューボート社（Ｎｅｗ　ｐｏｒｔ　Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔ ｉｏｎ）により製造されるモデルＮｌｌＰＭ５０Ｎ１１Ｐである。ｘ　／　ｙ移 動テーブルは、例えば適切にプログラムされたＩＢＭ’　ＰＣ’／ＡＴ又はＡＴ 適合コンピューターであってもよい適切にプログラムされたデジタルコンピュー ター２０４に接続されそしてそれにより制御される。言うまでもなく、ここで例 示のために使用するＡＴコンピューターに代えて他のコンピューター系、特定の 目的のハードウェアー等を容易に用いることもできる。
本明細書に記載する移動及びデーター収集機能のためのコンピューターソフトウ ェア−は、例えばナショナル・インストルメンツ（Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ　Ｉｎｓｔ ｒｕｍｅｎｔｓ）によりライセンスされるｒ　Ｌ　ａ　ｂ　Ｗ　ｉ　ｎ　ｄ　ｏ 　ｗ　Ｓ　Ｊ　（すべての目的のため引用により本明細書に組み入れる）を含め て、市販のホットウェアーに基いて提供され得る。
基体及びｘ／ｙ移動テーブルは、１又は複数の対物レンズ２０８を含む顕微鏡２ ０６のちとに置かれる。幾つかの態様においてはスペクトロフィジックス（Ｓｐ ｅｃｔｒａｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ）により製造されるモデルＮα２０２０−０５アルゴ ンイオンレーザ−であるレーザー２１０からの光（約４８８２０７により基体に 向けられる。ダイクロイックミラー２０７は例えばカール・ザイス（Ｃａｒｌ　 Ｚｅｉｓｓ）により製造されるモデルｋＦＴ５１０である。次にこのミラーから 反射された光は顕微鏡２０６に入り、この顕微鏡は例えばカール・ザイスにより 製造されるモデルＮａＡｘｉｏｓｃｏｐ２０であることができる。、基体上のフ ルオレッセインでマスクされた物質は＞４８８ｎｏ＋の光で蛍光を発し、そして この蛍光は顕微鏡により集められ、そして鏡を通過するであろう。
次に、基体からの蛍光は波長フィルター２０９を通りそして次に開口板２１１を 通るように向けられる。波長フィルター２０９は例えばメレス・グリオツド（Ｍ ｅｌｌｅｓ　Ｇｒｉｏｔ）により製造されるモデルＮＱ、０Ｇ５３０であること ができ、そして開口板２１１は例えばカール・ザイスにより製造されるモデルに ４７７３５２／４７７３８０であることができる。
次に蛍光は、幾つかの態様においてはハママツにより製造されるモデルＮαＲ９ ４３−０２である光増倍管２１２に入り、シグナルは前増幅器２１４において増 幅され、そして光子が光子カウンター２１６によりカウントされる。光子の数は コンピューター２０４において場所の関数として記録される。
例えば、前増幅器（２１４）はスタンホード・リサーチ・システムスにより製造 されるモデルｋｓＲ４４０であることができ、そして光子カウンターはスタンホ ード・リサーチ・システムスにより製造されるモデル５Ｒ４００であることがで きる。次に、基体を次の場所に移かし、そして工程を反復する。好ましい態様に おいては、データーは１〜１００−ごとに得られ、約０．８〜１０！ｎａのデー ター収集直径が好ましい。
十分に高い蛍光を示す態様において、広視野照明を用いるＣＯＤ検出器が用いら れる。
レーザーに応答して所与の領域から生ずる電子の数をカウントすることにより、 蛍光標識された分子が位置する基体上の場所を決定することができる。次に、例 えばその表面上に合成されたポリペプチドのマトリクスを有するスライドについ て、ポリペプチドのどれが蛍光標識された受容体に対して相補的であるかを決定 することができる。
好ましい態様に従えば、基体に当てられる光の強度及び時間は、蛍光放射を最大 にしそしてバックグラウンドノイズを最小にすることによるシグナル対ノイズ比 の改善のために、レーザー出力及びスキャンステージ速度を変えることにより調 節される。
検出装置を、本明細書においては主として、標識された受容体の検出に関して説 明したが、本発明は他の分野でも用途を有するであろう。例えば、本明細書にお いて開示される検出装置は触媒、ＤＮＡ又は蛋白質のゲルスキャンニング等の分 野において使用することができるであろう。
■、　六　の　・　Ａ　−の゛ 本発明のシグナル対ノイズ比は十分に高く、リガンドに対する受容体の存在又は 不存在が検出され得るのみならず、種々の配列に対する受容体の相対的結合親和 性を決定することができる。
実際に、受容体は整列している幾つかのペプチド配列に結合するが、幾つかの配 列には他の配列に対するよりも強（結合することが見出される。多くの受容体分 子が強く結合したりガントの領域中で結合するであろうから、強い結合親和性は 強い蛍光又はラジオグラフィーシグナルにより証明されるであろう。前に、受容 体に対する弱い結合親和性を有するリガンドを有する基体の特定の領域において は比較的小数の受容体分子が結合するため、弱い結合親和性は弱い蛍光又はラジ オグラフィーシグナルによって証明されるであろう。従って、リガンドの相対結 合アビディティ（ａｖｉｄｉｔｙ）（又は、１価相互作用の場合には親和性）を 、該リガンドを含有する領域の蛍光又はラジオグラフィーシグナルの強度によっ て決定することが可能になる。
親和性についての半定量的データーもまた洗浄条件及び受容体の濃度を変えるこ とにより得られるであろう。これは、例えば、既知のリガンド受容体対と比較す ることにより行われるであろう。
■９Ｍ 次の例は本発明の詳細な説明するために提供される。すべての操作は、特にこと わらない限りおよそ周囲温度及び圧力において行われた。
Ａ、ス立ヱ上Ω里裂 反応性基の結合の前に、好ましい態様においては顕微鏡スライド又はカバースリ ットのごときガラス製基体である基体を清浄にするのが好ましい。１つの態様に 従えば、例えば１２０ｄの水及び１２０ｇの水酸化ナトリウムを含む９５％エタ ノール１２から成るアルカリ浴にスライドを１２時間浸漬する。次にスライドを 流水で洗浄しそして空気乾燥し、そして９５％エタノールの溶液で一度すすぐ。
次に、ガラス表面又はリンカ−分子にアミノ基を付加する目的で、スライドを例 えばアミノプロピルトリエトキシシランによりアミノ化する。しかし、この目的 のためにオメガ−官能化シランを用いることもできる。１つの態様においては０ ．１％のアミノプロピルトリエトキシシランが用いられるが、１０−７％〜１０ ％濃度の溶液を使用することができ、約１０４％〜２％が好ましい。０．１％混 合物は、１００ｄの９５％エタノール１５％水混合物に１００マイクロリツター （Ｊｌりのアミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを加えることにより調製される。
この混合物をおよそ周囲温度にてロータリーシェーカー上で約５分間撹拌する。
次に、５００Ｉのこの混合物を各洗浄されたスライドの一方の側の表面に適用す る。
スライドをこの溶液からデカントし、そして例えば１００％エタノールに浸すこ とにより３回すすぐ。
プレートが乾燥した後、これらを１１０°Ｃ〜１２０°Ｃの真空オーブンに約２ ０分間入れ、そして次に室温にて約１２時間アルゴン雰囲気中で硬化させる。次 に、スライドをＤＭＦ（ジメチルホルムアミド）溶液に浸し、次に塩化メチレン により十分に洗浄する。
次に、各アミノ基にＮＶＯＣ−ＧＡＢＡを結合させるため、スライドのアミノ化 された表面を、例えばＤＭＦ中ＮＶＯＣ−ＧＡＢＡ　（ｒ−アミノ酪酸）ＮＨ３ （Ｎ−ヒドロキシサクシンイミド）の３０ｍＭ溶液約５００１！１に暴露する。
表面上のすべての未反応アミノプロピルシラン・・・すなわちＮＶＯＣ−ＧＡＢ Ａが結合しなかったアミノ基・・・を、無水酢酸とピリジンとの１＝３混合物に １時間暴露することによりアセチル基によりキャップする（更なる反応を防止す るため）。
この残留キャッピング機能を行うことができる他の物質には無水トリフルオロ酢 酸、蟻酸酢酸無水物、又は他の反応性アシル化剤が含まれる。最後に、スライド をＤＭＦ、塩化メチレン及びエタノールにより再度洗浄する。
Ｂ、ｒＡ　び「Ｂ　の８　のト■マーのム図１０は、２−モノマーセット：Ｇｌ ｙ及びＰｈｅ　（それぞれ、「Ａ」及び「Ｂ」により示す）の８種のトリマーの 可能な合成を示す。６−二トロベラトリルオキシカルボキサミド（ＮＶＯＣ−Ｎ Ｈ）残基で終るシラン基を担持するガラススライドを基体として調製する。アミ ノ基においてＮＶＯＣにより保護されたｇｌｙ及びｐｈｅの活性エステル（ペン タフルオロフェニル、ＯＢｔ等を試薬として調製する。この例には関係ないが、 モノマーセットのために側鎖保護基が必要な場合、これらは主鎖を保護するため に使用される光の波長において光反応性であってはならない。
サイズｎのモノマーセットについて、長さｌのすべての可能な配列を合成するた めにはｎＸｊ？サイクルが必要である。
１つのサイクルは次のことから成る２ １１次の残基が付加されるべき部位でのアミノ基の露出のための適当なマスクを 通しての照射、及び脱保護の副生成物を除去するための適切な洗浄。
２、段階１において特定された部位においてのみ反応するであろう単一の活性化 されそして保護された（同じ光化学的に除去可能な基による）モノマーの添加、 及び過剰の試薬を表面から除去するために適当な洗浄。
１つの態様においては、上記のサイクルは基体上の各場所が１つの残基により延 長されるまで七ツマーセットの各構成員について反復される。他の態様において は、次の場所への移行の前に幾つかの残基が１つの場所において次々と付加され る。サイクル時間は一般にカップリング反応速度により制限され、今や自動化さ れたペプチド合成においては２０分間と短い。場合によってはこの段階の後に、 後荊の試薬のために整列を安定化するために保護基の付加を行う。ポリマーの幾 つかのタイプ（例えばポリマー）のため、全表面の最終的脱保護（光保護側鎖基 の除去）が必要かも知れない。
さらに詳しくは、図１０Ａに示すように、カラス２ｏは領域２２．２４，２６， ２８，３０，３２．３４及び３６を備える。図１０Ｂに示すように領域３０，３ ２．３４及び３６をマスクし、そしてガラスを照射し、そして’ＡＪ　（例えば ｇａｙ）を含有する試薬に暴露し、図１０Ｃに示す構造を得る。次に領域２２， ２４．２６及び２８をマスクし、ガラスを照射しく図１００に示すように）、そ して’ＢＪ　（例えばｐｈｅ）を含有する試薬に暴露して図１０Ｈに示す構造を 得）　る。図１０Ｍに示される構造が得られるまで、示されるようη　にセフシ ランを次々にマスク及び暴露して工程を進行させる。
ガラスを照射し、そして場合によってはアセチル化により末−端基をキャップす る。示されるように、ｇｌｙ／ｐｈｅのすり　ペての可能なトリマーが得られる 。
この例においては側鎖保護基の除去は必要でない。所望により、エタンジチオー ル及びトリフルオロ酢酸による処理に管　よって側鎖の脱保護を行うことができ る。
２　一般に特定のポリマー鎖を得るのに必要な段階の数は、＞　ｎＸｊ！　（１ ） により定義され、ここで （１ｎ＝七ツマ−のベースセット中のモノマーの数、及び１　２＝ポリマー鎖中 のモノマーユニットの数、〉　である。
〉　他方、長さ２の配列の合成される数は、７　ｎ’　（２） である。
１　言うまでもなく、やはり！より短い長さを有するポリマーｊ　の合成を含む であろうマスク法を用いることにより、一層大きな多様性が得られる。極端な例 において、ｌより短いか又はそれと同じ長さを有するすべてのポリマーが合成さ れれば、合成されるポリマーの数は： ｎ’　＋ｎ”　＋・＋ｎ’　（３） であろう。
必要とされるリングラフイ一段階の最大数は一般に、モノマーの各「層」につい てｎであろう。すなわち、必要とされるマスクの総数（そして、それ故にリング ラフイ一段階の数）はｎｘＩ！、であろう。透過性マスク領域のサイズは合成の ために利用され得る基体の面積及び形成されるべき配列の数に依存するであろう 。一般に、合成領域のサイズは：合成領域のサイズ＝　（Ａ／Ｓ） であり、ここで Ａは合成のために利用可能な全面積であり、そしてＳはこの全面積において望ま れる配列の数である。
本明細書に開示されるフォトリングラフイー技法を用いて、１つの基体上で数千 又は数百万のオリゴマーを同時に製造するために前記の方法を容易に用い得るこ とを、当業者は理解するであろう。従って、この方法は、多数の例えばジー、ト リー、テトラ−、ペンタ−、ヘキサ−、ヘプタ−もしくはオクタペプチド、又は より大きなペプチド（又は、対応してポリヌクレオチド）を特に試験するための 可能性をもたらすであろう。
上記の方法は手動の例により末法を説明している。言うまでもなく、自動化法又 は半自動化法を用いることもできよう。
試薬の自動添加及び除去によって、必要とする試薬の容量を最小にしそして反応 条件をより注意深く調節するために、基体を流れセル中に配置することができる 。次々に用いるマスクは手動的又は自動的に適用することができる。
Ｃ，アミノプロピル　び゛　の゛イマーのへアミノプロピル基及び蛍光基のダイ マーの合成において、基体として官能化されたドラボア（ｄｕｒａｐｏｒｅ）膜 を用いた。ドラボア（ｄｒａｐｏｒｅ）膜はアミノプロピル基を有するポリビニ リデンジフルオリドである。アミノプロピル基を、カルボニルクロリドとアミノ 酸との反応によりＤＤＺ基によって保護した。この反応は当業者によく知られた 反応である。これらの基を担持する表面をＴＨＦの溶液に入れ、そして１ａの不 透明領域及び透明領域のチェッカーボートパターンを有するマスクに接触させた 。マスクを約２８０ｎｍ以上の波長を有する紫外線に５分間、室温にて暴露した 。但し、本発明の種々の態様において、広範囲の暴露時間及び温度を使用するの が適当である。例えば、１つの態様においては、−７０″Ｃ〜＋５０°Ｃの工程 温度において約１〜５０００秒の暴露時間を用いることができる。
１つの好ましい態様において、およそ周囲圧力における約１〜５００秒間の暴露 時間が使用される。幾つかの好ましい態様においては、蒸発を防止するために周 囲圧より高い圧が用いられる。
次に、膜の表面を約１時間、ランクニドの十レートに結合した活性エステルを含 む蛍光標識により洗浄した。洗浄時間は数分間〜数時間の広い範囲で異るであろ う。これらの物質は赤及び緑可視領域で蛍光を発する。フルオロボーア（、ｆｌ ｕｏｒｏｐｈｏｒｅ）生活性エステルとの反応が完了した後、フルオロボーアが 結合した位置を、それらを紫外線に暴露しそして、赤及び緑の蛍光を観察するこ とにより、可視化することができる。基体の誘導体化された領域はマスクのもと のパターンに密接に対応することが観察された。
Ｄ、ジグ　ルロ　の量 シグナル検出の可能性が、フロー・サイトメトリー・スタンダーダ（Ｆｌｏｗ　 Ｃｙｔｏｍｅｔｒｙ　５ｔａｎｄａｒｄ）により製造されたモデルに８２４の低 レベル標準蛍光ビーズキットを用いて証明された。このキットは、既知の数の蛍 光分子が含浸された直径５．８−〇ピースを含む。
ビーズの１つを、最初シャッターが閉められたレーザーのフィールド中の図９に 示すスキャンステージ上の証明フィールド中に置いた。証明フィールド中に置い た後、光子検出装置を作動させた。レーザービームはブロックされず、そして粒 子ビームと相互作用し、これは次に蛍光を発した。７．　０００及び２９，００ ０のフルオレッセイン分子で含浸されたビーズの蛍光曲線をそれぞれ図１１Ａ及 び図１１Ｂに示す。
各曲線上に、フルオレッセイン分子を伴わないビーズについての追跡線も示しで ある。これらの実験は４８８ｎｍの励起、１００μＷのレーザー出力を用いて行 われた。光は４０パワー０．７５ＮＡ対物レンズを通して焦点を結ばせた。
蛍光強度はすべての場合に高い値から始まり、そして次に指数的に減少した。強 度の低下はフルオレッセイン分子の光漂白（ｐｈｏｔｏｂｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ）に よるものである。
フルオレッセイン分子を伴わないビーズの追跡線はバックグラウンドの差引のた めに用いられる。標識されたビーズ及び非標識ビーズの間の最初の指数的低下の 差を積分して光子カウントの全数を得、そしてこの数はビーズ当りの分子の数に 関連する。従って、検出され得るフルオレッセイン分子当り光子の数を推定する ことができる。図１１に示す曲線について、この計算が示すところによれば、こ の計算はフルオレッセイン分子当り約４０〜５０個の光子の放射を示す。
Ｅ、１　当　の　の゛ 前記の方法に従って調製されたアミノプロピル化ガラス顕微鏡スライドを用いて 該スライドの標識化密度を確立した。
スライドの遊離アミノ末端を、該アミノ基と共有結合を形成するＦＩＴＣ（フル オレッセインインチオシアネート）と反応せしめた。次に、スライドをスキャン ニングして、フルオレッセント分子当り光子の予想値を用いて、単位面積当り表 面上の分子の数の計算を可能にする領域中に発生するフルオレッセント光子の数 をカウントする。
その表面にアミノプロピルシランを有するスライドをＤＭＦ中ＦＩＴＣの１ｍＭ 溶液におよそ周囲温度にて１時間すすいだ。反応の後、スライドをＤＭＦで２回 、そして次にエタノール、水、そして次に再度エタノールにより洗浄した。次に 、それを乾燥し、そしてそれが試験され得る状態になるまで貯蔵する。
図１１に示すのと同様な曲線を使用し、そして指数的減少シグナルのもとての蛍 光カウントを積分することによって、誘導体化後の表面上の遊離アミノ基の数を 決定した。１０”×１０３〜約２Ｘ２ｒ＋＋ｓ当り１フルオロレツセインの標識 化密度を有するスライドは、アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランの濃度が１０− ５％〜１０−１％の間で異る間に、再現性よく作ることができ決定された。
Ｆ、仝ＶＯＣの、　び゛　−の、 ＮＶＯＣ−Ｃ；ＡＢＡを前記のようにして付加した。１個のスライドの全表面を 光に暴露してＴ−アミノ醋酸の末端の遊離アミノ基を露出した。次に、このスラ イド及び暴露されていない同じものをフルオレッセインイソチオシアネート（Ｆ ＩＴＣ）に暴露した。
図１２Ａは光に暴露されなかったがしかしＦＩＴＣに暴露されたスライドを示す 。Ｘ軸の単位は時間であり、Ｙ軸の単位はカウントである。追跡線はある量のバ ックグラウンド蛍光を含有する。もう一方のスライドを３５０ｎｍ広バンド照明 に約１分間暴露しく　１２　ｔｓＷ／　ｃｉ、　〜３５０　ｒ＋ａ＋照明）、洗 浄し、そしてＦＩＴＣと反応させた。このスライドの蛍光曲線を図１２Ｂに示す 。蛍光レベルの大きな増加が観察され、これは、光分解がスライドの表面上の多 数のアミノ基を蛍光マーカーの付加のために露出したことを示している。
Ｇ、ＮＶＯＣの、におけるマスクの 次の実験を０．１％アミノプロピル化スライドを用いて行った。Ｈｇ−Ｘｅアー ク灯からの光を、レーザー切除したガラス上クロムマスクを通して、基体を直接 接触させることにより基体上に像形成した。
このスライドを１２ｍＷの３５０ｎｍ広バンド光により約５分間照明しそして次 に１ｄＦＩＴＣ溶液と反応させた。これをレーザー検出スキャンニングステージ 上に置き、そして蛍光強度のポジションカラーコードの２元表示としてグラフを プロットした。種々のマスクを通して実験を多数回反復した。
１００Ｘ１００−マスク、５０声マスク、２０−マスク及び１０μマスクの蛍光 パターンが示すところによれば、このリソグラフィー技法を用いてマスクパター ンは少な（とも約１０趨以上で区別される。
Ｈ，ＹＧＣＦＬの＋びこれに　（Ｈｅｒｚ　びヤギ　マウスへの　露 特定のポリペプチド配列に対する受容体が表面結合ペプチドに結合しそして検出 されることを確立するために、Ｌｅｕエンケファリンを表面に結合させそして抗 体により認識させた。スライドを０．１％アミノプロピル−トリエトキシシラン により誘導体化し、そしてＮＶＯＣにより保護した。裏側接触印刷（ｂａｃｋｓ ｉｄｅ　ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ　ｐｒｉｎｔｉｎｇ）を用いて流れセル中のスライドを 暴露するため５００１ｎｎチエツカーボードを用いた。Ｌｅｕエンケファリン配 列（ＨＥＮ−チロシン、グリシン、グリシン、フェニルアラニン、ロイシン−〇 〇ＯＨ，あるいは本明細書においてＹＧＧＦＬと称する）をそのカルボキシ末端 を介して、スライドの表面上の露出されたアミノ基に結合させた。ペプチドをＢ ＯＰ／ＨＯＢＴ／Ｄ　Ｉ　ＥＡカップリング試薬と共にＤＭＦ溶液に加え、そし て流れセルを通して２時間、室温にて再循環させた。
Ｈｅｒｚ抗体として知られる第一抗体をスライドの表面に４５分間、２　ｔ４７ 　ｍにて、スーパーカクティル（この場合さらに１％ＢＳＡ及び１％オバルブミ ンを含有する）中で適用した。次に、第二抗体、すなわちヤギ抗−マウス・フル ロレ・ンセイン複合体を２ｎ／ｄでスーパーカクティル緩衝液中に加え、そして ２時間インキュベートした。
この結果を、位置の関数としての蛍光強度としてプロットした。この像を１０ｎ 段階でとり、そして次のことが示された。よく定義されたパターンで脱保護が行 われ得るのみならず、（１）この方法は基体の表面へのペプチドの好結果のカッ プリングをもたらし、（２）結合したペプチドの表面は抗体との結合のために利 用可能であり、そして（３）検出装置の能力は受容体の結合を検出するのに十分 であった。
Ｉ、ＹＧＧＦＬのモノマール１１ノ　びそれに　く　：生二二員■ 交互の正方形におけるＹＣ；Ｃ，ＦＬ及びＧＧＦＬのモノマー並列合成をスライ ド上チェッカーボードパターン中で行い、そして得られるスライドをＨｅｒｚ抗 体に暴露した。この実験を図１３Ａ及び図１３Ｂに示す。
図１．３Ａにおいて、この場合はｔ−ＢＯＣ（ｔ−ブトキシカルボニル）で保護 されているアミノプロピル基により誘導体化されたスライドを示す。スライドを ＴＦＡで処理してｔ−ＢＯＣ保護基を除去した。次に、そのアミノ基においてｔ −ＢＯＣ保護されているＥ−アミノカプロン酸をアミノプロピル基に連結した。
アミノカプロン酸はアミノプロピル基と合成されるべきペプチドとの間のスペー サーとして機能する。
スペーサーのアミノ末端を脱保護し、そしてＮＶＯＣ−ロイシンに連結した。次 に、スライド全体を１２ｄの３２５ｎｍ広バンド照明により照明した。次に、ス ライドをＮＶＯＣ−フェニルアラニンと連結しそして洗浄した。スライド全体を 再び照明し、そして次にＮＶＯＣ−グリシンに連結しそして洗浄した。スライド を再び照明し、そしてＮＶＯＣ−グリシンに連結して図１３Ａの最後の部分に示 す配列を形成した。
次に、図１３Ｂに示すように、スライドの交互の領域を５００Ｘ５００Ｒチエツ カーボードマスクを用いる投影プリントを用いて照明し、こうしてグリシンのア ミノ基を照明された領域においてのみ露出させた。次の連結化学反応段階を行う ときＮＶＯＣ−チロシンを加え、そしてそれを照明を受けた所においてのみ連結 させた。次に、スライド全体を照明してすべてのＮＶＯＣ基を除去し、照明され た領域にＹＧＧＦＬのチェッカーボードを残し、そして他の領域にＧＧＦＬを残 した。Ｈｅｒｚ抗体（これはＹＧＧＦＬを認識するがしかしＧＧＦＬを認識しな い）を加え、次にヤギ抗−マウス・フルオレッセイン結合体を加えた。
得られる蛍光スキャンは、Ｈｅｒｚ抗体により認識されない（そしてそれ故にヤ ギ抗−マウス抗体・フルオレッセイン結合体との結合が存在しない）テトラペプ チドＧＧＦＬを含む領域、及びＹ　Ｇ　Ｇ　Ｆ　Ｌが存在する赤い領域を示した 。ＹＧＧＦＬペンタペプチドはＨｅｒｚ抗体により認識され、そしてそれ故に、 照明された領域にはフルオレッセインー結合ヤギ抗−マウスが認識する抗体が存 在する。
基体との直接接触（「近接プリント」）において使用された５０廁マスクについ ての類イ以のパターンはより明瞭なパターンを与え、そしてチェッカーボードパ ターンの角は、マスクが基体に直接接触して置かれた結果として感動的であった （これは、この技法を用いての解像度の増加を反映している）。
Ｊ、ＹＧＧＦＬ　びＰＧＧＦＬのモノマー〜ＩＩＡ図１３に示したものに類似す る５０μチエツカーボードマスクを用いての合成を行った。しかしながら、追加 の連結段階を通して基体上のＣＧ、ＦＬ部位にＰを加えた。保護されたＧＧＦＬ をマスクを通して光に暴露し、そして次に、前記のようにしてＰに暴露すること によりＰを付加した。従って、基体上の領域の半分はＹＧＣ；ＦＬを含有し、そ して残りの半分はＰＧＧＦＬを含有した。
この実験についての蛍光プロットが示すところによれば、領域はやはり、結合が 起った領域と結合が起らなかった領域との間が容易に識別できる。この実験は、 抗体が特定の配列を認識し得ること、及びこの認識が長さ依存的でないことを本 発明の機能可能性をさらに示すため、前記のような技法を用いて基体上に交互の ＹＧＧＦＬ及びＹＰＧＧＦＬの５０趨チエツカーボードパターンを合成した。得 られる蛍光プロットが示すところによれば、抗体はＹＧＧＦＬ配列を明瞭に認識 することができそしてＹ　Ｐ　Ｇ　Ｇ　Ｆ　Ｌ　ｅＭ域には有意に結合しなかっ た。
Ｌ、−゛の１６　の　るアミノ　ｌのＡ　びＨｅｒ２　への　・　八　〇釈 前記の技法に類似する技法を用いて、一連の１６種類の異るアミノ酸配列（４連 反復）を２枚のガラス基体のそれぞれの上で合成した。スライドの全表面にわた って配列ＮＶＯＣ−ＧＦＬを付加することにより配列を合成した。次に、一連の マスクを用いて２層のアミノ酸を基体に選択的に適用した。
各領域は０．２５ＣＩＸＯ，０６２５ＣＩｍの寸法を有していた。
第一のスライドはＬ−アミノ酸のみを含むアミノ酸配列を含んでおり、そして第 二のスライドは選択されたＤ−アミノ酸のみを含んだ。図１４Ａ及び図１４Ｂは それぞれ第一スライド及び第ニスライド上の種々の領域のマツプを示す。図１４ Ａ及び図１４Ｂに示されるパターンは各スライド上に４連反復させた。次に、ス ライドをＨｅｒｚ抗体及びフルオレッセインー標識ヤギ抗−マウスに暴露した。
Ｌ−アミノ酸のみを含有する第一スライドの蛍光プロットは赤い領域（強い結合 、すなわち１４９．０００カウント以上）、及び黒い領域（Ｈｅｒｚ抗体がほと んど又は全く結合しない、すなわち２０，０００カウント以下）を示した。配列 ＹＧＧＦＬは明らかに最も強く認識された。配列ＹＡＧＦＬ及びＹＳＧＦＬもま た抗体の強い認識を示した。これに対して、残りの配列のほとんどが、はとんど 又は全く結合を示さなかった。スライドの４運の反復部分はそこに示される結合 の量において非常に一貫していた。
Ｄ−アミノ酸スライドの蛍光プロットが示すところによれば、ＹＧＧＦＬ配列に より最も強い結合が示された。ＹａＧＦＬ、ＹｓＧＦＬ及びＹｐＧＦＬに対して も有意な結合が検出された。残りの配列は抗体との低い結合を示した。配列ｙＧ ＧＦＬの低い結合効率が観察された。
表６は試験された種々の配列を相対蛍光の順に挙げている。
これは相対結合親和性に関する情報を提供する。
１一旦 Ｈｅｒｚ　Ａｂへの　か４上の　人 し−アミノ酸七ット　Ｄ−アミノ酸セットＹＧＧＦＬ　ＹＧＧＦＬ ＹＡＧＦＬ　ＹａＧＦＬ ＹＳＧＦＬ　ＹｓＧＦＬ ＬＧＧＦＬ　ＹｐＧＦＬ ＦＧＧＦＬ　ｆＧＧＦＬ ＹＰＧＦＬ　ｙＧＧＦＬ ＬＡＧＦＬ　ｆａＧＦＬ ＦＡＧＦ　Ｌ　ｗＧＧＦＬ ＷＧＧＦＬ　ｙａＧＦＬ ａＧＦＬ 本発明の他の態様に従えば、この方法は、表面への囲まれた（ｃａｇｅｄ）結合 具の結合を提供し、この結合具はその囲まれた形態において、他の潜在的に結合 する種、例えば受容体及び特異的結合基質に対する比較的低い親和性を有する。
この様な技法は、１９８９年９月８日出願の係続中の出＠患４０４．９２０にさ らに十分に記載されており、これをすべての目的のため引用により本明細書に組 み入れる。
この態様に従えば、本発明は固体支持体の表面上の所定の領域を形成する方法を 提供し、ここで、所定の領域は受容体を固定化することができる。この方法は、 表面に結合された囲まれた結合具を使用し、所定の領域の選択的活性化を可能に する。囲まれた結合具は、所望の領域の選択的活性化の際に遊離されて最終的に 受容体と結合することができる結合具として機能する。次に、活性化された結合 剤を用いて受容体のごとき特定の分子を基体の所定の領域に固定化する。上記の 方法を基体上の同一の又は異る部位において反復し、例えば同一の又は異る受容 体を含有する表面上の複数の領域を有する表面を得る。こうして固定化された受 容体が１又は複数のりガントについて異る親和性を有する場合、そのリガンドに ついてのスクリーニング及び測定を前記受容体を含有する表面の領域において行 うことができる。
他の！１様も基体に付加された新規な囲まれた結合具を用いることができる。囲 まれた（不活性化された）構成員は、活性化された結合具の対応する親和性と比 較した場合、囲まれていない結合具に特異的に結合する物質の受容体に対する比 較的低い親和性を有する。従って、活性化されるべき表面の領域に適当なエネル ギー源が適用されるまで、結合具は反応から保護される。適当なエネルギー源の 適用の際、囲んでいる（ｃａｇｉｎｇ）基が不安定化し、これにより活性化され た結合具を提出する。典型的なエネルギー源は光である。
表面上の結合具が一旦活性化された後、これらは受容体に付加され得る。選択さ れる受容体はモノクローナル抗体、核酸配列、薬物受容体等であることができる 。受容体は常にではないが通常、それを直接的又は間接的に結合具に付加するこ とが可能なように調製することができる。例えば、結合具に対する強い結合親和 性及び受容体又は受容体の結合体（Ｃｏｎｊｕｇａｔｅ）に対する強い親和性を 有する特異的結合物質を用いて、所望により結合具と受容体との間の架橋として 機能させることができる。この方法は、受容体が特定のりガントに対するその活 性を維持するように調製された受容体を用いる。
好ましくは、固体支持体に付加された囲まれた結合具は光活性化可能なビオチン 複合体、すなわち、アビジン又はアビジン類似体に対して天然ビオチンに比べて 有意に低下した結合親和性を存するように光活性化可能な保護基により化学修飾 されているビオチン分子であろう。好ましい態様においては、表面の所定の領域 に配置された保護基が適当な放射源の適用の際に除去されて結合具をもたらし、 この結合具はビオチン、又はアビジンもしくはアビジン類似体に対してビオチン と実質的に同じ結合親和性を有する機能的に類似する化合物である。
他の好ましい態様においては、アビジン又はアビジン類似体が表面上の活性化さ れた結合具と共に、該アビジンが該結合具に強く結合するまでインキュベートす る。次に、表面の所定の領域上に固定化されたアビジンを所望の受容体又は所望 の受容体の結合体と主にインキュベートすることができる。
アビジンが表面の所定の領域上に固定化される場合、受容体は好ましくはビオチ ン化され、例えばビオチン化抗体であろう。あるいは、好ましい態様は、あらか じめ調製されたアビジン／ビオチン化受容体複合体は、表面上の活性化された結 合具に与える。
■、慧−鍮 本発明は、基体上でポリマーを合成するための非常に改良された方法及び装置に 関する。前記の記載は例示的なものであって制限的なものではないことが意図さ れる。前記の記載を概観した後、当業者には多くの態様が自明であろう。例とし て、本発明は主として光除去可能な保護基の使用に言及して記載されているが、 光取外の他の放射源を使用し得ることが当業者に容易に認識されるであろう。例 えば、幾つかの態様において、電子ビーム照射、Ｘ−線照射（電子ビームリソグ ラフとの組合せにおける）、又はＸ−線リソゲラフイー技法に対して選択的であ る保護基を用いるのが望ましいであろう。あるいは、電流への暴露により基を除 去することができよう。従って本発明の範囲は、前記の記載によって決定される べきではなく、添付された請求の範囲及び該請求の範囲に均等な全範囲に関して 決定されるべきである。
ＦＩＧＪ。
Ｒ６−２ ＦＩＧ＝５゜ ＦＩＧ、、６゜ ｎＣ−θム ＦＩＧＢ。
ＦＩＧ、／ＱＣ，ＦＩＧ−１００゜ ＦＩＧ、−１０１ｅ　ＦＩＧ　ＩＯＬ　ＦＩＧ、−１０Ｍ時間（５０ｍ秒／ＰＴ 　） ”ＺＫＶｆ＆クロモホール／Ａ′ Ｆ／ＧＪ／Ａ。
−す入０−４クロモホール／Ａｔ ａ−ｔｔｓ ＦＩＬ１２４　時間（５°”秒／２１）ト ＦＩＧＪＪＢ ＦＡ５　６ ６℃−１４Ａ。
ＦＬ１４１１゜ 補正書の翻訳文提出書 （特許法第１８４条の８） 平成３年１２月７日

Claims (46)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. １．基体上で配列を製造する方法であって、ａ）前記基体の第一領域をアクチベ ーターに暴露することにより保護基を除去する； ｂ）少なくとも前記第一領域を第一モノマーに暴露する；ｃ）第二領域をアクチ ベーターに暴露することにより保護基を除去する；及び ｄ）少なくとも前記第二領域を第二モノマーに暴露する；段階を含んで成る方法 。
  2. ２．アクチベーターに暴露する前記段階が、イオンビーム、電子ビーム、ｒ−線 、Ｘ−線、紫外線放射、光、赤外線放射、マイクロウエーブ、電流、ラジオ波、 及びこれらの組合せから成る群から選択されたアクチベーターを使用する、請求 項１に記載の方法。
  3. ３．前記保護基が感光性保護基である、請求項１に記載の方法。
  4. ４．アクチベーターに暴露する前記段階が前記基体の選択された領域に光を適用 する段階である、請求項１に記載の方法。
  5. ５．前記第一モノマー及び第二モノマーがアミノ酸である、請求項１に記載の方 法。
  6. ６．前記基体上の配列を受容体との親和性についてスクリーニングする段階をさ らに含み、このスクリーニング段階が前記基体を前記受容体に暴露しそして前記 第一領域及び第二領域中の前記受容体の存在について試験する段階をさらに含ん で成る、請求項１に記載の方法。
  7. ７．前記受容体が抗体である、請求項６に記載の方法。
  8. ８．前記基体が、重合したラングミーア・プロジェット（Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ　Ｂ ｌｏｄｇｅｔｔ）フィルム、官能化されたガラス、ゲルマニウム、シリコン、ポ リマー、（ポリ）テトラフルオロエチレン、ポリスチレン、砒化ガリウム、及び これらの組合せから成る群から選択されたものである、請求項１に記載の方法。
  9. ９．前記保護基がオルト−ニトロベンジル誘導体、６−ニトロベラトリルオキシ カルボニル、２−ニトロベンジルオキシカルボニル、シンナモイル誘導体、及び これらの混合物から成る群から選択されたものである、請求項１に記載の方法。
  10. １０．前記第一領域及び第二領域の各々が１ｃｍ２未満の全面積を有する、請求 項１に記載の方法。
  11. １１．前記第一領域及び第二領域の各々が約１ｕｍ２と１０，０００ｕｍ２との 間の全面積を有する、請求項１に記載の方法。
  12. １２．前記光が単色干渉性光である、請求項４に記載の方法。
  13. １３．アクチベーターに暴露する前記段階が前記基体に接触した溶液と共に行わ れる、請求項１に記載の方法。
  14. １４．前記溶液がさらに前記第一モノマー及び第二モノマーを含んで成る、請求 項１３に記載の方法。
  15. １５．前記受容体が更に放射性標識及び蛍光標識から成る群から選択された標識 を含んで成り、そして受容体の存在を試験する前記段階が前記標識を検出する段 階である、請求項６に記載の方法。
  16. １６．アクチベーターに暴露する前記段階が、ａ）ある波長の光に対して実質的 に透過性の領域及び実質的に不透過性の領域を有するマスクを前記基体に隣接し て置く；並びに ｂ）少なくとも前記波長の光を生成する光源により前記マスクを照明する； 段階を更に含んで成る、請求項１に記載の方法。
  17. １７．前記基体上で１０３又はこれより多くの異る配列を合成するように前記段 階が反復される、請求項１に記載の方法。
  18. １８．前記基体上で１０６又はこれより多くの異る配列を合成するように前記段 階が反復される、請求項１に記載の方法。
  19. １９．少なくとも第一モノマー及び第二モノマーを含んで成る複数の化学配列を 合成する方法であって、ａ）少なくとも第一領域及び第二領域（該第一領域及び 第二領域は基体保護基を含んで成る）を有する基体上の第一領域において、該第 一領域を活性化することにより該第一領域中の前記基体保護基を除去する； ｂ）前記第一モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第一モノマーは更に第一モノマー 保護基を含んで成り、該第一モノマーは前記第一領域において結合する； ｃ）前記第二領域を活性化することにより該第二領域中の前記基体保護基を活性 化する； ｄ）前記第二モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第二モノマーは更に第二モノマー 保護基を含んで成り、該第二モノマーは前記第二領域において結合する； ｅ）前記第一領域を活性化することにより前記第一モノマー保護基を除去する； ｆ）第三モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第三モノマーは前記第一領域において 結合して第一配列を生成する；ｇ）前記第二領域を活性化することにより前記第 二モノマー保護基を除去する；並びに ｈ）第四モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第四モノマーは前記第二領域において 結合して第二配列を生成し、該第二配列は前記第一配列と異る； 段階を含んでなる方法。
  20. ２０．少なくとも第一モノマー及び第二モノマーを含んで成る複数の化学配列を 合成する方法であって、ａ）少なくとも第一領域及び第二領域を有する基体上で 該第一領域を不活性化することにより該第一領域中に第一保護基を提供する； ｂ）前記第一モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第一モノマーは前記第二領域にお いて結合する； ｃ）前記第一領域中の前記保護基を除去する；ｄ）前記第二領域を不活性化する ことにより該第二領域中に第二保護基を提供する； ｅ）前記第二モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第二モノマ一は前記第一領域にお いて結合する； ｆ）前記第二領域中の前記保護基を除去ずる；ｇ）前記第一領域を不活性化する ことにより該第一領域中に保護基を提供する； ｈ）第三モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第三モノマーは前記第二領域において 結合して第一配列を生成する；ｉ）前記第一領域中の前記保護基を除去する；ｊ ）第四モノマーを前記基体に暴露し、該第四モノマーは前記第一領域において結 合して第二配列を生成し、該第二配列は前記第一配列と異る； 段階を含んで成る方法。
  21. ２１．基体上で少なくとも第一ポリマー配列及び第二ポリマー配列を合成する方 法であって、該第一ポリマー配列は該第二ポリマー配列とは異るモノマー配列を 有し、ａ）前記基体とエネルギー源との間に第一マスクを挿入し、該マスクは第 一領域及び第二領域を有し、該第一領域は前記エネルギー源からのエネルギーの 通過を許容し、該第二領域は前記エネルギー源からのエネルギーを遮断する；ｂ ）前記エネルギー源からのエネルギーを前記基体に向け、該エネルギーが前記第 一マスクの前記第一領域下の前記第一ポリマーの第一部分から保護基を除去する ；ｃ）前記第一ポリマーの第二領域を前記基体に暴露することにより第一ポリマ ー配列を生成せしめる；ｄ）前記基体と前記エネルギー源との間に第二マスクを 挿入し、該第二マスクは第一領域及び第二領域を有する；ｅ）前記エネルギー源 からのエネルギーを前記基体に向け、該エネルギーが前記第二ポリマーの第一部 分から前記第二マスクの前記第一領域下の前記保護基を除去する；並びにｆ）前 記第二ポリマーの第二部分を前記基体に暴露し、該第二ポリマーの該第二部分が 該第二ポリマーの前記第一部分と結合して第二ポリマー配列を生成せしめる；段 階を含んで成る方法。
  22. ２２．受容体との結合について複数のアミノ酸配列をスクリーニングする方法で あって、 ａ）少なくとも第一表面（該少なくとも第一表面はニトロベラトリルオキシカル ボニル及びニトロベンジルオキシカルボニルから成る群から選択された光保護材 料を含んで成る）を有するガラス板上で、前記少なくとも第一表面を貯蔵のため にｔ−ブトキシカルボニルと反応せしめ、前記ガラス板は少なくとも紫外光に対 して実質的に透過性である；ｂ）前記少なくとも第一表面をＴＦＡに暴露するこ とにより前記ｔ−ブトキシカルボニルを除去する；ｃ）前記ガラス板を反応器上 に置き、該反応器は反応空間を含んで成り、前記少なくとも第一表面が該反応空 間に暴露される； ｄ）前記ガラス板上の第一位置にマスクを置き、該マスクは第一場所及び第二場 所を含んで成り、該第一場所は少なくとも紫外光に対して実質的に透過性であり そして該第二場所は少なくとも紫外線に対して実質的に不透過性であり、該第二 場所は前記マスクの第一表面上の光遮断材料を含んで成り、該マスクの該第一表 面は前記ガラス板と接触する；ｅ）前記反応空間を反応溶液で充たす；ｆ）前記 マスクを少なくとも紫外光により照明し、該紫外光が前記マスクの前記第一場所 下で前記ガラス板の前記少なくとも第一表面から前記光保護材料を除去する；ｇ ）前記第一表面を第一アミノ酸に暴露し、該第一アミノ酸は該少なくとも第一表 面の前記光保護材料が除去された領域に結合し、該第一アミノ酸はその末端に前 記光保護基を含んで成る； ｈ）マスクを前記ガラス板と第二位置において接触せしめる； ｉ）前記マスクを少なくとも紫外光により照明し、該紫外光が前記マスクの第一 場所下で前記ガラス板の前記少なくとも第一表面から前記光保護材料を除去する ；ｊ）前記少なくとも第一表面を第二アミノ酸に暴露し、該第二アミノ酸は該少 なくとも第一表面の前記光保護材料が除去された領域に結合し、該第二アミノ酸 はその末端に前記光保護基を含んで成る； ｋ）マスクを前記ガラス板と第三位置において接触せしめる； ｌ）前記マスクを少なくとも紫外光により照明し、該紫外光が前記マスクの前記 第一場所下で前記ガラス板の前記少なくとも第一表面から前記光保護材料を除去 する；ｍ）前記少なくとも第一表面を第三アミノ酸に暴露し、該第三アミノ酸は 該少なくとも第一表面の前記光保護材料が除去された領域に結合する； ｎ）マスクを前記ガラス板と第四位置において接触せしめる； ｏ）前記マスクを少なくとも紫外線により照明し、該紫外線が前記マスクの前記 第一場所下で前記ガラス板の前記少なくとも第一表面から前記光保護材料を除去 する；ｐ）前記少なくとも第一表面を第四アミノ酸に暴露し、該第四アミノ酸は 該少なくとも第一表面の前記光保護材料が除去された領域に結合し、該少なくと も第一表面は少なくとも第一、第二、第三、及び第四アミノ酸配列を含んで成る ；ｑ）前記少なくとも第一表面を注目の抗体に暴露し、該注目の抗体が前記第一 、第二、第三又は第四アミノ酸配列の少なくとも１つにより強く結合する； ｒ）前記少なくとも第一表面を受容体に暴露し、該受容体は前記注目の抗体を認 識しそしてその複数の場所において結合し、該受容体はフルオレッセインを含ん で成る；ｓ）前記少なくとも第一表面に光を暴露し、該第一表面は少なくとも前 記より強く結合したアミノ酸配列が位置する領域において蛍光を発する；並びに ｔ）前記少なくとも第一表面を横切る場所に関数として蛍光の強度を検出及び記 録する； 段階を含んで成る方法。
  23. ２３．受容体との結合について少なくとも１つのペプチド配列を同定する方法で あって、 ａ）各々が光除去可能な保護基を有する複数のポリペプチドを有する基体上で、 第一の選択されたポリペプチドを照射することによって前記保護基を除去する； ｂ）前記ポリペプチドを第一アミノ酸と接触せしめることにより第一配列を生成 せしめ、前記基体上の第二ポリペプチドは第二配列を含んで成る；及び ｃ）前記第一配列又は第二配列のいずれが前記受容体と結合するかを同定する； 段階を含んで成る方法。
  24. ２４．複数のポリマーを製造するための装置であって、ａ）エネルギー源への暴 露に際して活性化されてモノマーと反応する反応性部分を含んで成る表面を有す る基体；及びｂ）前記表面の部分を前記エネルギー源から選択的に保護及び暴露 するための手段； を含んで成る装置。
  25. ２５．前記反応性部分が更に保護基を含んで成り、該保護基が次の式： ▲数式、化学式、表等があります▼ （式中、Ｒ１はアルコキシ、アルキル、ハロゲン、アリール、アルケニル又は水 素であり；Ｒ２はアルコキシ、アルキル、ハロゲン、アリール、ニトロ又は水素 であり；Ｒ３はアルコキシ、アルキル、ハロゲン、ニトロ、アリール又は水素で あり；Ｒ４はアルコキシ、アルキル、水素、アリール、ハロゲン又はニトロであ り；Ｒ５はアルキル、アルキニル、シアノ、アルコキシ、水素、ハロゲン、アリ ール又はアルケニルである）で表わされる、請求項２４に記載の装置。
  26. ２６．前記反応性部分が更にリンカー分子を含んで成る、請求項２４に記載の装 置。
  27. ２７．前記リンカー分子がエチレングリコールオリゴマー、ジアミン、二酸、ア ミノ酸、及びこれらの組合せから成る群から選択されたものである、請求項２６ に記載の装置。
  28. ２８．選択的保護のための前記手段がさらにマスクを含んで成る、請求項２４に 記載の装置。
  29. ２９．前記選択的保護のための前記手段が更に光バルブを含んで成る、請求項２ ４に記載の装置。
  30. ３０．前記エネルギー源が光源である、請求項２４に記載の装置。
  31. ３１．前記反応性部分が更に、ニトロベラトリルオキシカルボニル、ニトロベン ジルオキシカルボニル、ジメチル−ジメトキシベンジルオキシカルボニル、５− ブロモ−７−ニトロインドリニル、ヒドロキシ−２−メチルシンナモイル、及び ２−オキシメチレンアンスラキノンから成る群から選択された組成物を含んで成 る、請求項２４に記載の装置。
  32. ３２．その上に複数のアミノ酸配列を有する基体の製造のための装置であって、 ａ）表面を有する基体； ｂ）光、電子ビーム及びＸ−線放射から成る群から選択されたエネルギー源への 暴露の際に除去され得る、前記表面上の保護基； ｃ）前記表面上の選択された場所に前記エネルギー源を向けるための手段；並び に ｄ）前記表面への結合のために該表面にアミノ酸を暴露するための手段； を含んで成る装置。
  33. ３３．表面を有する基体を含んで成るポリマーをスクリーニングするための装置 であって、該表面は少なくとも２個のあらかじめ定められた領域を含んで成り、 該あらかじめ定められた領域はその上に異るモノマー配列を含み、該あらかじめ 定められた領域の各々が約０．１ｃｍ２未満の面積を占めることを特徴とする装 置。
  34. ３４．前記面積が約０．０１ｃｍ２未満である、請求項３３に記載の装置。
  35. ３５．前記面積が１００００ｕｍ２未満である、請求項３３に記載の装置。
  36. ３６．前記面積が１００ｕｍ２未満である、請求項３３に記載の装置。
  37. ３７．前記モノマー配列が前記あらかじめ定められた領域内で実質的に純粋であ る、請求項３３，３４，３５又は３６に記載の装置。
  38. ３８．その表面上のあらかじめ定められた領域に１０３又はそれより多くの異る リガンドを含んで成る、生物学的活性についてスクリーニングするための基体。
  39. ３９．前記基体があらかじめ定められた領域内に１０４又はそれより多くの異る リガンドを含んで成る、請求項３８に記載の基体。
  40. ４０．前記基体があらかじめ定められた領域内に１０５又はそれより多くの異る リガンドを含んで成る、請求項３８に記載の基体。
  41. ４１．前記基体があらかじめ定められた領域内に１０６又はそれより多くのリガ ンドを含んで成る、請求項３８に記載の基体。
  42. ４２．前記リガンドがペプチドである、請求項３８，３９，４０又は４１に記載 の基体。
  43. ４３．前記リガンドが前記あらかじめ定められた領域内で実質的に純粋である、 請求項３３に記載の基体。
  44. ４４．生物学的活性についてスクリーニングするための装置であって、 ａ）複数のポリマー配列を含んで成る基体（該ポリマー配列は該基体上の既知の 場所において該基体の表面に結合されており、該配列の各々は約０．１ｃｍ２未 満の面積を占めている）；ｂ）蛍光標識により標識されており前記配列の少なく とも１つと結合する受容体に前記基体と暴露する手段；並びにｃ）前記基体上の 前記蛍光標識の場所を検出するための手段； を含んで成る装置。
  45. ４５．複数のポリマーを形成するための装置であって、ａ）少なくとも第一表面 と光除去可能な保護材料を含んで成る第二表面とを有し、且つ少なくとも第一の 波長の光に対して実質的に透過性である基体； ｂ）その内の反応流体空隙と共に載置表面を有する反応器体（前記第二表面が該 載置表面と密封関係に維持される）；並びに ｃ）前記基体の表面に向けられる、少なくとも前記の第一波長の光を発生するた めの光源； を含んで成る装置。
  46. ４６．基体上の蛍光標識された領域を検出するための装置であって、 ａ）前記基体の表面に光をむけるための光源；ｂ）前記光源に応答して前記表面 から発生した蛍光を検出する手段； ｃ）前記基体を第一位置から第二位置に移行するための手段；並びに ｄ）前記基体上の場所の関数として蛍光強度を格納するための、前記移行手段及 び前記検出手段に連絡された手段；を含んで成る装置。
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