ES2567303T3 - Procesamiento termomecánico de aleaciones basadas en níquel - Google Patents

Procesamiento termomecánico de aleaciones basadas en níquel Download PDF

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ES2567303T3
ES2567303T3 ES12722236.2T ES12722236T ES2567303T3 ES 2567303 T3 ES2567303 T3 ES 2567303T3 ES 12722236 T ES12722236 T ES 12722236T ES 2567303 T3 ES2567303 T3 ES 2567303T3
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Robin M. Forbes Jones
Christopher A. ROCK
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ATI Properties LLC
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    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
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    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

Un proceso que comprende: una primera etapa de calentamiento que comprende calentar una pieza de trabajo de aleación basada en níquel hasta una temperatura en el intervalo de 1.093 ºC (2.000 ºF) hasta 1.163 ºC (2.125 ºF); una primera etapa de forja que comprende la forja rotativa de la pieza de trabajo de aleación basada en níquel calentada para una reducción en área de un 30 % a un 70 %, en donde la pieza de trabajo de aleación basada en níquel está a una temperatura en el intervalo de 1.093 ºC (2.000 ºF) hasta 1.163 ºC (2.125 ºF) cuando comienza la primera etapa de forja; una segunda etapa de calentamiento que comprende calentar la pieza de trabajo de aleación basada en níquel sometida a forja rotativa hasta una temperatura en el intervalo de 954 ºC (1.750 ºF) hasta 1.052 ºC (1.925 ºF), en donde la pieza de trabajo de aleación basada en níquel sometida a forja rotativa se mantiene a temperatura elevada y no se deja enfriar hasta la temperatura ambiente entre la finalización de la primera etapa de forja y el comienzo de la segunda etapa de calentamiento; y una segunda etapa de forja que comprende el forjado rotativo de la pieza de trabajo de aleación basada en níquel calentada para una reducción en área de un 20 % a un 70 %, en donde la pieza de trabajo de aleación basada en níquel está a una temperatura en el intervalo de 954 ºC (1.750 ºF) hasta 1.052 ºC (1.925 ºF) cuando comienza la segunda etapa de forja; en donde la pieza de trabajo de aleación basada en níquel comprende, en peso, hasta el 0,05 % de carbono, del 27,0 % al 31,0 % de cromo, hasta el 0,5 % de cobre, del 7,0 % al 11,0 % de hierro, hasta el 0,5 % de manganeso, hasta el 0,015 % de azufre, hasta el 0,5 % de silicio, al menos el 58 % de níquel, e impurezas secundarias.

Description

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Los procesos descritos en el presente documento pueden usarse, por ejemplo, para producir productos forjados y/o laminados. Por ejemplo, en varias realizaciones no limitantes las, al menos, dos etapas de calentamiento y las, al menos, dos etapas de trabajo transforman las piezas de trabajo preforma en productos que incluyen productos largos, tal como, por ejemplo, barra y varilla redondas, barra y varilla rectangulares, barra y varilla hexagonales, 5 productos largos rectangulares forjados, y productos largos rectangulares laminados. Los procesos divulgados en el presente documento pueden usarse, por ejemplo, para producir productos largos con secciones transversales constantes o variables a lo largo de su longitud. En realizaciones que producen productos largos que tienen secciones transversales variables a lo largo de su longitud, la primera etapa de trabajo y la segunda etapa de trabajo pueden reducir juntas el área de la sección transversal de una pieza de trabajo en un 40 % a un 95 % en uno o más
10 sitios a lo largo de la longitud del producto largo. Además, los procesos divulgados en el presente documento pueden usarse, por ejemplo, para producir tubos de forja rotativa.
En varias realizaciones no limitantes, los productos producidos por los procesos descritos en el presente documento pueden satisfacer los requisitos de la norma ASTM B166-08: Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys 15 (UNS N06600, N06601, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025, N06045, and N06696) and Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617) Rod, Bar, and Wire (2008), and ASME SB-166: Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (UNS N06600, N06601, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025, N06045, and N06696) and NickelChromium-Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617) Rod, Bar, and Wire (2007) [Especificación estándar para barra, varilla y alambre de aleaciones de níquel-cromo-hierro (UNS N06600, N06601, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025,
20 N06045 y N06696) y de aleación de níquel-cromo-cobalto-molibdeno (UNS N06617) (2008), y ASME SB-166: Especificación para varilla, barra y alambre de aleaciones de níquel-cromo-hierro (UNS N06600, N06601, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025, N06045 y N06696) y de aleación de níquel-cromo-cobalto-molibdeno (UNS N06617) (2007)].
25 En varias realizaciones no limitantes, los productos producidos por los procesos descritos en el presente documento pueden tener un tamaño de grano de ASTM n.º 3,0 a 9,0, determinado de acuerdo con la norma ASTM E112-10: Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size (2010) [Métodos de ensayo convencionales para determinar el tamaño medio de grano (2010)]. En varias realizaciones no limitantes, los productos producidos por los procesos descritos en el presente documento pueden tener un tamaño de grano en el intervalo de ASTM n.º 3,0 a
30 9,0, o cualquier subintervalo incluido en el mismo, tal como, por ejemplo, ASTM n.º 3,0 a 8,0, 3,5 a 7,5, 4,0 a 7,0, 4,5 a 6,5, 3,0 a 7,0, 3,0 a 6,0, o similares. En varias realizaciones no limitantes, los productos producidos por los procesos descritos en el presente documento pueden comprender precipitados intergranulares del carburo M23C6 distribuidos uniformemente en los bordes de los granos. En varias realizaciones no limitantes, los productos producidos por los procesos descritos en el presente documento pueden comprender mínimos precipitados
35 intragranulares del carburo M23C6 metalográficamente observables. En varias realizaciones no limitantes, los productos producidos por los procesos descritos en el presente documento pueden carecer de precipitados intragranulares del carburo M23C6 metalográficamente observables.
La distribución microestructural del carburo puede determinarse metalográficamente, por ejemplo, mediante el uso
40 de la microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) para evaluar muestras atacadas químicamente (por ejemplo, con solución de ataque químico de bromo-metanol) de la aleación basada en níquel procesada de acuerdo con varias realizaciones no limitantes descritas en el presente documento. Por ejemplo, en varias realizaciones no limitantes, los productos producidos por los procesos descritos en el presente documento, cuando se evaluaron utilizando la SEM de 500 aumentos, pueden comprender precipitados intergranulares del carburo M23C6 distribuidos
45 uniformemente en todos los bordes observables de los granos y comprenden mínimos precipitados, o ninguno, intragranulares del carburo M23C6 observables. En varias realizaciones no limitantes, los productos producidos por los procesos descritos en el presente documento comprenden granos equiaxiales con un tamaño de grano de ASTM n.º 3,0-9,0, una uniforme distribución del tamaño de grano, precipitados intergranulares del carburo M23C6 uniformemente distribuidos en los bordes de los granos metalográficamente observables, y mínimos precipitados
50 intragranulares del carburo M23C6 metalográficamente observables.
Los procesos descritos en el presente documento reducen o eliminan el anormal crecimiento del grano que crea una distribución de tamaño de grano no uniforme en una escala macroscópica. Para controlar el tamaño de grano dentro de límites especificados, las piezas de trabajo de aleación basada en níquel, tal como, por ejemplo, las piezas de 55 trabajo de Aleación 690, se pueden trabajar en caliente a temperaturas por encima tanto de la temperatura de recristalización como de la temperatura solvus del carburo de la aleación, es decir, que trabaja a temperaturas supersolvus. Sin embargo, tratamientos térmicos posteriores para producir una distribución uniforme de precipitados intergranulares del carburo M23C6 causan a menudo un crecimiento anormal y no uniforme del grano en secciones de la macroestructura de las piezas de trabajo. Por ejemplo, las varillas y barras redondas trabajadas en caliente de
60 aleación basada en níquel tal como, por ejemplo, Aleación 690, tienden a desarrollar una zona en forma de anillo de anormal crecimiento del grano a través de la sección transversal del producto. Las Figuras 2A y 2B ilustran esquemáticamente un producto 200 largo tal como, por ejemplo, una varilla o una barra redonda de aleación basada en níquel tal como Aleación 690. El producto 200 largo incluye una zona 205 con forma de anillo de anormal crecimiento del grano a través de la sección transversal del producto.
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Claims (1)

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ES12722236.2T 2011-06-01 2012-05-07 Procesamiento termomecánico de aleaciones basadas en níquel Active ES2567303T3 (es)

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US13/150,494 US8652400B2 (en) 2011-06-01 2011-06-01 Thermo-mechanical processing of nickel-base alloys
US201113150494 2011-06-01
PCT/US2012/036707 WO2012166295A2 (en) 2011-06-01 2012-05-07 Thermo-mechanical processing of nickel-base alloys

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